From National Aeronautics and first stars Space Administration to life

Origins Space Telescope: Science Traceability Matrix Margaret Meixner (STScI/JHU), Dave Leisawitz (NASA/GSFC), Alexander Pope (U Mass), Ted Bergin (Univ. Michigan), Kevin Stevenson (STScI), Lee Armus (IPAC), Joaquin Vieira (UIUC), Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI), Stefanie Milam (NASA/GSFC), Tiffany Kataria (JPL), Jonathan Fortney(UCSC), Asantha Cooray (UC Irvine) and the Origins Space Telescope Science and Technology Definition Team

Table ES.1-2 Summary of Origins Requirements The Origins Space Telescope Origins Science Driver for Mission Concept is driven by Technical or Instrumental Parameter Mission Design Scientific Impact with anticipated three science themes: How does changes Scientific Objective Key Observable Parameter Requirement Design Performance the Universe work? How did we get here? and Are we alone? This Do planets orbiting M- CH at 3.3 µm, If limited to 7.7 µm CH line, S/N ratio 4 4 abridged science traceability dwarf stars support life? strongest of all CH4 decreases by 2. A minimum matrix shows some of the key lines from optical Minimum wavelength < 3 µm 2.8 µm wavelength above 20 µm removes all to infrared of the Origins exoplanet science case. science drivers that defined the baseline concept for Origins. For An aperture size below a full traceability, see handouts. 5.3-m results in a dramatic drop in the The envisioned Origins mission Aperture size 5.3 m 5.9 m ability to detect CH4 in a available targets in a 5-year mission would be able to make significant progress on each of the three How do the conditions H2O 110−101 is at 538.3-µm; longest themes within one year of total for habitability develop wavelength below 538 µm impacts the during the process of water science case. time over the course of the 5 H 18O 1 −1 at planet formation? 2 10 01 Maximum wavelength > 550 µm 590 µm Longest wavelength below 500 µm year mission. 547.4-1µm impacts the extragalactic science case.

Below this resolution cannot map Do planets H O 2 −1 179.5- water line width to a location on the orbiting M-dwarf 2 12 01 Spectral resolving µm line for doppler 200,000 202,785 disk. stars support power R=l/Dl life? tomography

Below the required sensitivity cannot 10-20 W m-2 at 112 µm 5x10-21 W m-2 at 112 µm HD 1-0 Spectral line sensitivity study sufficient disks targets at the (1 hr; 5s) (1 hr; 5s) distance of Orion. 112-µm line How do the for disk gas mass To sufficiently resolve the line; lower conditions for Spectral resolving 40,000 43,000 measurement spectral reduces the gas mass habitability power R=l/Dl at 112 µm at 112 µm develop during measurement. the process of How do galaxies form Mid-IR and far-IR 3.0 m based on the angular resolution planet stars, make metals, and rest-frame spectral needed to study high-z galaxies, formation? grow their central lines probing star- Aperture size 3.0-5.0 m 5.9 m independent of the source confusion. super massive black formation, black 5.0 m driven by z > 6 galaxy studies holes? hole activity, and metallicity. How do galaxies Sufficiently cold temperature to meet form stars, make the sensitivity requirements at the metals, and grow their central Aperture Temperature < 5 K 4.5 K longest wavelengths. Ttel > 6 K impacts the ability to supermassive conduct sciences > 300 µm. black holes from reionization to today?

The Origins Space Telescope is the mission concept for the Far-Infrared Surveyor, a study in Twitter: @NASAOriginsTele https://origins.ipac.caltech.edu development by NASA in preparation for the 2020 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey.