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INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
The Religion of Ancient Rome
The Religion Of Ancient Rome By Cyril Bailey THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT ROME CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION—SOURCES AND SCOPE The conditions of our knowledge of the native religion of early Rome may perhaps be best illustrated by a parallel from Roman archæology. The visitor to the Roman Forum at the present day, if he wishes to reconstruct in imagination the Forum of the early Republic, must not merely 'think away' many strata of later buildings, but, we are told, must picture to himself a totally different orientation of the whole: the upper layer of remains, which he sees before him, is for his purpose in most cases not merely useless, but positively misleading. In the same way, if we wish to form a picture of the genuine Roman religion, we cannot find it immediately in classical literature; we must banish from our minds all that is due to the contact with the East and Egypt, and even with the other races of Italy, and we must imagine, so to speak, a totally different mental orientation before the great influx of Greek literature and Greek thought, which gave an entirely new turn to Roman ideas in general, and in particular revolutionised religion by the introduction of anthropomorphic notions and sensuous representations. But in this difficult search we are not left without indications to guide us. In the writings of the savants of the late Republic and of the Empire, and in the Augustan poets, biassed though they are in their interpretations by Greek tendencies, there is embodied a great wealth of ancient custom and ritual, which becomes significant when we have once got the clue to its meaning. -
Bygone Religions That Have Left Their Mark 2 on the West
CHAPTERC H A P Bygone Religions That Have Left Their Mark 2 on the West FactsFacts inin Brief SUMERO-AKKADIANSUMERO-A RELIGION SOURCES: For Celtic (Druid) religion: PPROMINENTROMI DEITIES: Ishtar, Tammuz, Marduk iconographic; classical authors R REPRESENTATIVEEPRES LITERATURE: For Teutonic religion: Eddas , Kalevala EEpicp of Creation, Epic of Gilgamesh CLASSICAL MAYA RELIGION G GREEKREEK AANDND ROMAN RELIGION PROMINENT DEITIES: Hunab Ku (Itzamna), P PROMINENTROM DEITIES: Zeus (Jupiter), Hera Chac, Ah Mun (Yum Kaax), Ixchel (J(Juno),u Aphrodite (Venus), Dionysus SOURCES: Glyph texts and iconographs from (B(Bacchus)B stelae, architecture, tombs (also sixteenth- L LITERATURE:ITERA Homer’s Iliad , Hesiod’s Theogony , century works by Europeans) ttheh Sibylline Books C CELTICELTIC AANDND TEUTONIC RELIGION PPROMINENTROM DEITIES: Brigit, Wodan, Thor, FFreyr,re Freyja Listen to the Chapter Audio on myreligionlab.com hen scores of local tribes coalesce into nations, from every quarter. Th e temporal and the changeful were the same elements that made up their primal always present. Nothing remained stable for long; the Wbeliefs and practices reappear in combined and pleasures of life had to be quickly snatched. more articulated forms. Developed religions do not with- Or let us state facts in this way: The prehistoric draw their roots from primal soil. And so we may be sure hunters and fi shers in the swamps at the conjunction of that there were higher beings not unlike the Mura-muras the Tigris and Euphrates rivers gave place to a culture of the Dieri, Raluvhimba of the BaVenda, and the Corn of villages, each with its temple; then villages, layer on Mother of the Cherokees among the predecessor primal layer, gave place to, or came under the dominance of, religions out of which Ishtar, Zeus, and Odin emerged as cities—Erech, Eridu, Lagash, Ur, Nippur, and others. -
The Romans: an Introduction
The Romans: An Introduction The Romans: An Introduction 2nd edition is a concise, readable, and comprehensive survey of the civilization of ancient Rome. It covers more than 1,200 years of political and military history, including many of the famous, and infamous, personalities who featured in them, and describes the religions, society, and daily life of the Romans, and their literature, art, architecture, and technology, illustrated by extracts in new translations from Latin and Greek authors of the times. This new edition contains extensive additional and revised material designed to enhance the value of the book to students especially of classical or Roman civil- ization, Roman history, or elementary Latin, as well as to general readers and students of other disciplines for whom an understanding of the civilization and literature of Rome is desirable. In particular, the chapter on religions has been expanded, as have the sections on the role of women and on Roman social divisions and cultural traditions. There is more, too, on the diversity and administration of the empire at different periods, on changes in the army, and on significant figures of the middle and later imperial eras. New features include a glossary of Latin terms and timelines. Maps have been redrawn and new ones included along with extra illustrations, and reading lists have been revised and updated. The book now has its own dedicated website packed full of additional resources: www.the-romans.co.uk. Antony Kamm is a former lecturer in publishing studies at the University of Stirling. His other publications include Collins Biographical Dictionary of English Literature (1993), The Israelites: An Introduction (Routledge 1999), and Julius Caesar: A Life (Routledge 2006). -
European Paganism: the Realities of Cult from Antiquity to the Middle Ages/Ken Dowden
EUROPEAN PAGANISM EUROPEAN PAGANISM The realities of cult from antiquity to the Middle Ages Ken Dowden London and New York First published 2000 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. © 2000 Ken Dowden The right of Ken Dowden to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Dowden, Ken, 1950– European paganism: the realities of cult from antiquity to the Middle Ages/Ken Dowden. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Europe—Religion. 2. Paganism—Europe—History. I. Title. BL689.D68 1999 200'.94–dc21 99–28007 CIP ISBN 0-415-12034-9 (Print Edition) ISBN 0-203-01177-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-14205-5 (Glassbook Format) CONTENTS List of illustrations x Acknowledgements xii Foreword xiii How to use this book xvii Authors and events: -
Roman Religion Pdf, Epub, Ebook
ROMAN RELIGION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Valerie M. Warrior | 184 pages | 16 Apr 2018 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780521532129 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom Roman Religion PDF Book Polytheists have traditionally been looked down upon by practitioners of the great monotheistic religion which worship only a single godJudaism, Christianity, Islamas primitive and barbaric pagans. Although he did already have Christian bishops in his royal entourage before AD Rex sacrorum, the king of rites, was an office created under the early republic as a substitute for royal authority over religious matters. The Roman apparatus saw itself merely dealing with a minor problem which otherwise might have grown into a greater threat to their authority. At first, such a system of human divinity was largely rejected by the masses, but the popularity of Caesar helped pave the way for future leaders. Prayers and offerings were usually performed in the space of time between dinner and desert, though some especially pious families chose to perform this duty in the mornings as well. The festival of Vesta took place in June and, lasting for a week, it was an altogether calmer affair. Had Christianity previously been unclear about its message then the Council of Nicaea together with a later council at Constantinople in AD created a clearly defined core belief. During this time, no official business was conducted, all temples were closed and marriages were outlawed. These women were devoted to the goddess Vesta, the goodess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. You can help by adding to it. The pontiff pontifex was a member of the most famous colleges of priests called the College of Pontiffs. -
Mapping Augustan Rome
MAPPING AUGUSTAN ROME directed by Lothar Haselberger in collaboration with David Gilman Romano edited by Elisha Ann Duroser with contributions by D. Borbonus, E. A. Dumser, A. B. Gallia, O. Harman~ah, L. Haselberger, E. J. Kondratieff, C. F. Norefla, G. Petruccioli, D. G. Romano, N. L. Stapp, A. G. Thein, G. Varinlioglu, and others Computer map creation: A. B. Gallia, D. G. Romano, and N. L. Stapp Artistic map design: M. Davison Portsmouth, Rhode Island 2002 JOURNAL OF ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL MAPS (one sheet in front pocket, one sheet in back pocket) Mark Davison, Andrew B. Gallia, David Gilman Romano, and Nicholas L. Stapp, based on the work of all contributing authors Preface and Acknowledgements 7 Lothar Haselberger Mapping Augustan Rome: introduction to an experiment 9 Lothar Haselberger Urbs Roma: bibliography, models, and projects 27 Making the map David Gilman Romano, Nicholas L. Stapp, and Andrew B. Gallia Appendix A: Computer and software resources Appendix B:Map resources Dorian Borbonus, Elisha Ann Dumser, Andrew B. Gallia, Omiir Harman§ah, Lothar Haselberger, Eric J. Kondratieff, Thomas J. Morton, Carlos F. Norefia, Todd W. Parment, Guido Petruccioli, A. G. Thein, Kevin Tracy, & Gunder Varinlioglu Bibliographic abbreviations Elisha Ann Dumser Catalogue of entries Entries are arranged in alphabetical order, and each entry's index number is indicated at the end of the title line, if applicable. Items without an index number are either labeled on the map itself, such as area entries or regional roads, or cannot be visualized due to the item's overarching nature or its unknown location. -
Ancient Religions
ancient religions Editorial Board tzvi abusch Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Brandeis University jan assmann Egyptology Institute University of Heidelberg harold w. attridge Divinity School Yale University mary beard Faculty of Classics and Newnham College University of Cambridge john j. collins Divinity School Yale University fritz graf Department of Greek and Latin The Ohio State University bruce lincoln Divinity School University of Chicago david p. wright Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Brandeis University Ancient Religions Sarah Iles Johnston general editor The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2007 Copyright © 2004, 2007 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient religions / Sarah Iles Johnston, general editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-674-02548-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Religions. 2. Civilization, Ancient. I. Johnston, Sara Iles, 1957– BL96.A53 2007 200.93—dc22 2007016512 Contents Introduction • Sarah Iles Johnston vii Note on Translation and Transliteration xiii Abbreviations xv Maps xvi encountering ancient religions What Is Ancient Mediterranean Religion? • Fritz Graf 3 Monotheism and Polytheism • Jan Assmann 17 Ritual • Jan Bremmer 32 Myth • Fritz Graf 45 Cosmology: Time and History • John J. Collins 59 Pollution, Sin, Atonement, Salvation • Harold W. Attridge 71 Law and Ethics • Eckart Otto 84 Mysteries • Sarah Iles Johnston 98 Religions in Contact • John Scheid 112 Writing and Religion • Mary Beard 127 Magic • Sarah Iles Johnston 139 histories Egypt • Jan Assmann and David Frankfurter 155 Mesopotamia • Paul-Alain Beaulieu 165 Syria and Canaan • David P. -
Elements of Roman Religion in the Fourth Book of Propertius
1852 ELEMENTS OF ROMAN RELIGION IN THE FOURTH BOOK OF PROPERTIUS by E. C. Marquis Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor j^f Philosophy Ottawa, Canada, 1973 £ME.C. Marquis, Ottawa, 1974. UMI Number: DC53619 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC53619 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CURRICULUM STUDIORUM E. C. Marquis was born May 20, 1940, in Sarnia, Ontario. He received the Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Latin from University College, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, in 1963 and the Master of Arts degree in Latin from The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, in 1969. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A dissertation such as this is the result of the fruit of many labours; there is a debt owed to the many scholars, past and present, without whose painstaking and diligent efforts this modest contribution of mine might never have been and whose inspiration may be hinted at by a glance at the Bibliography. -
Juno Covella
(Note: For personal use only and not to be reprinted online or in any other format. Copyright is held by the heirs of Lawrence-Durdin Robertson and all rights are reserved.) Fellowship of Isis Homepage http://www.fellowshipofisis.com Juno Covella, Perpetual Calendar of the Fellowship of Isis By: Lawrence Durdin-Robertson Cover Illustration: Anna Durdin-Robertson All formatting has been retained from the original. Goddesses appear in BOLD CAPITAL letters. The Month of January JANUARY 1st Greek: HERA and Roman JUNO; The Gamelia. (Lempriere, Dict.) Gamelia, a surname of Juno, as Gamelius was of Jupiter, on account of their presiding over marriages. --A festival privately observed at three different times. The first was the celebration of a marriage, the second was in commemoration of a birth-day, and the third was an anniversary of the death of a person. As it was observed generally on the 1st January, marriages on that day were considered as a good omen and the month was called Gamelion among the 14 Athenians. Cicero de Fin. 2, c. M. " -See also above under Goddesses of the month. (Perp. Fest. Cal.) "January 1. Jupiter and Juno. Zeus and Hera". (Fell. of Isis Dir.) "January 1 st: Zeus and Hera, Jupiter and Juno. Auspicious for rulership, glory and cheerfulness". See also below under Juno. Roman: FORTUNA. (Seyffert, Dict.) "Fortuna. The goddess of good luck . Trajan founded a special temple in her honour as the all-pervading power of the world. Here an annual offering was made to her on New Year's Day". JUNO. (Enc. Brit. -
Characteristics of Roman Female Deities
Studia Ceranea 8, 2018, p. 23–41 ISSN: 2084-140X DOI: 10.18778/2084-140X.08.02 e-ISSN: 2449-8378 Idaliana Kaczor (Łódź) Characteristics of Roman Female Deities the reconstruction and analysis of the competences of Roman female dei- In ties, scholars are forced to base their research on existent literary sources, mainly Latin inscriptions, as well as prose and poetry. Due to the fact that Romans did not leave any sort of writings of theological nature, the surviving Latin lit- erature becomes an essential source of information on this matter for researchers of Roman religious cults. The fundamental source of inscriptions used in the reconstruction of the Roman religious system, including the characteristics of their gods, are carved stone tablets featuring the fasti, i.e. lists of sacral events organized in ancient Rome and subordinate cities1. 1 The oldest documents of this type are likely to have contained only writings on the festivals with fixed dates, and it was not until later that notes were added about annual celebrations of the anni- versaies of temples dedication. Later, in the Age of Empire, important facts of the deeds and lives of emperors were also included in the official fasti, as long as these facts were given the status of state holidays (e.g. the emperor’s birthday, the day of his triumph). The fasti that have survived in frag- ments come from different regions of Italy, e.g. Praeneste, Amiternum, Ostia, Caere, Tusculum (they received the adjective description from the name of the places where they had been found e.g.