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Preliminary Investigation of the Ecological Interaction Between Corticolous Lichens and Juniperus Excelsa (Cause Study of the Tandoureh Forests) Haji Moniri M

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Preliminary Investigation of the Ecological Interaction Between Corticolous Lichens and Juniperus Excelsa (Cause Study of the Tandoureh Forests) Haji Moniri M ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ و درﺧﺘﺎن ارس (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺪوره) ﻣﻬﺮو ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﻴﺮي ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﻳﻪ، ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 24/8/93 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 95/12/9 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻲﺑﻼغ واﻗﻊ در ﺿﻠﻊ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪوره، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﻳﺪﻧﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن درﮔﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮرﻫﺎ، ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺻﺨﺮهاي و درﺧﺘﺎن ﭘﻴﺮ و ﺗﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪه، اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰارش 18 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ آراﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي از ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖﻧﺸﻴﻦ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﻨﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺤﻞ روﻳﺶ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روشﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺎﻛﺮو-ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ و ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪوﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﺰارش ,Physcia caesia ,Lecanora albellula, Parmelia sulcata و Phaeophyscia ciliata ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎنرﺿﻮي ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎلﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ Teloschistaceae و Physciaceae ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ Physcia ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲروﻳﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﻴﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع روﻳﺶ ﺗﺎل از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺟﺰﺋﻲ در ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮ روﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮي ﻧﺪارد. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ، ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪوره، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل، ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: 09155113725 ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: [email protected] ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﮔﻠﺴﻨ ﮓﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺰﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻏﻨﻲﺗﺮ از ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞدﻫﻨﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (12، 13 و 23). ﺟﻠﺒﻚﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮيﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات در ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﻧﺎم ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﭼﻬﺎرﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﺎﻟﻪ از ﻫﻤﺮاﻫﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪوره ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در ﺳﺎل 2004 ﻣﻄﺮح اﻋﻀﺎي دو ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺷﺪ (4 و 19). اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎرك ﻛﻪ در ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ از ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﮔﻠﺴﻨ ﮓﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً در ﺗﻤﺎم زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺧﺮاﺳﺎنرﺿﻮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ (16). ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ از ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ در ﺟﻨﻮب و رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد، ﻃﻲ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد درهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻴﻖ، زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ دﻫﻪ اﺧﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاي در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﺑﻮدهاﻳﻢ (18، 19 و 22). ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ آن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﻣﺎر ده ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮر و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ آراﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن 54 www.SID.ir ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 250 ﺗﺎ 305 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ و 7/9 و 9/15 ﻣﺤﻞ روﻳﺶ (ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻪ) از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮاد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ارﺗﻔﺎع روﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺎل از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ در اداﻣﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻠﺰي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن وﺟﻮد راﺑﻄﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻋﻠﻲﺑﻼغ در ارﺗﻔﺎع 1400 - 1300 ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ)، ﻧﻮع ﺑﺴﺘﺮ (ﺗﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ) و SPSS ﻣﺘﺮي در ﺳﺎل 2004 ﺑﺮاي ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﮔ ﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آن از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﻛﺎوش ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي آن در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد. 2009 و 2011 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ 18 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 14 ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ، آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ و ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﻴﺪ (٥ و ٧). ﺗﺎلﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻌﺮفﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ K ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎي آﻫﻜﻲ، ﺧﺎك، ﭘﻮﺳﺖ (ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ C ،(%10 ( ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ) و درﺧﺘﺎن ﺧﺰانﭘﺬﻳﺮ و در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺧﺰهﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. KI/I (ﻟﻮﮔﻞ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ (17). Acarospora laqueata Stizenb.; Anaptychia desertorum (Rupr.) Poelt; Aspicilia oxneriana – O. B. Blum; Caloplaca polycarpoides (J. Steiner) M. Steiner & Poelt; Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. ;Collema cristatum (L.) weber ex F. H. Wigg., C. polycarpon Hoffm.; Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin; Lecidea tessellata Flörke ; Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon; Peltigera monticola Vitik., P. praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf, Physcia dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl.; Ph. tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.; Seirophora orientalis Frödén, S. austroarabica (Sipman) Frödén; Squamarina concrescens (Müll. Arg.) Poelt; Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal. ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻲﺑﻼغ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ 8000 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻴﻪ ﺿﻠﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ 1- ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ درﮔﺰ در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي و ﻋﻠﻲﺑﻼغ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﺎركﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪوره و در 80 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻏﺮب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن درﮔﺰ (ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻧﻘﺸﻪﺑﺮداري اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي، 1386) درﮔﺰ، ﺑﻴﻦ '32° 58 ﺗﺎ '34°58 ﻃﻮل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و '34°37 ﺗﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ '36°37 ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد (ﺷﻜﻞ 1). اﺧﻴﺮآً ﺗﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ درﺧﺘﺎن ارس ( .Juniperus excelsa M از ﻣﻴﺎن 50 ﺗﺎل ﺟﻤﻊ آوريﺷﺪه، 17 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 10 .Bieb) در ﻣﺤﺪوده ارﺗﻔﺎع 930 - 900 ﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻲﺑﻼغ ﺟﻨﺲ از ﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺳﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ در رده در ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎل 1390 ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺗﺤﺖ Lecanoromycetes، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ (21) (ﺟﺪول1). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺎلﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول 1- ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ آراﻳﻪﻫﺎ order family genus species Lecanorales Physciaceae Anaptychia Körb. A. ciliaris Teloschistales Teloschistaceae Caloplaca Th. Fr. C. cf. borreri 55 www.SID.ir ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 Lecanorales Candelariaceae Candelariella Müll. C. antennaria Arg. Lecanorales Lecanoraceae Lecanora Ach. L. albellula Lecanorales Lecanoraceae Lecanora Ach. L. dispersa Pertusariales Megasporaceae Megaspora M. rimisorediata (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner & V. Wirth. Lecanorales Parmeliaceae Parmelia Ach. P. sulcata Lecanorales Physciaceae Phaeophyscia P. ciliata Moberg. Lecanorales Physciaceae Phaeophyscia P. orbicularis Moberg. Lecanorales Physciaceae Physcia (Schreb.) P. adscendens Michau. Lecanorales Physciaceae Physcia (Schreb.) P. aipolia Michx. Lecanorales Physciaceae Physcia (Schreb.) P. caesia Michx. Lecanorales Physciaceae Physcia (Schreb.) P. stellaris Michx. Lecanorales Physciaceae Physcia (Schreb.) P. tenella Michx. Teloschistales Teloschistaceae Seirophora Poelt. S. orientalis Lecanorales Teloschistaceae Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. X. candelaria Fr. Lecanorales Teloschistaceae Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. X. fallax Fr. در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﺎل از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ (ﺟﺪول 2)، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺿﺨﺎت ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﻨﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع روﻳﺶ آن از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك وﺟﻮد دارد ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟ در آن ﻛﻪ ﻻزﻣﻪ رﺷﺪ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ از ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﺗﻔﺎوت، ﻛﺪام ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد، ﻟﺬا ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع روﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲروﻳﺪ. از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد آﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰ آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺪول 2- ﻧﻮع ﺑﺴﺘﺮ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺎل و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ روﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺎم ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺗﻨﻪرﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﻪرﺳﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع روﻳﺶ از ﺳﻄﺢﺧﺎك ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺎلﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ( ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ) Anaptychia ciliaris ١١٣ ١ Caloplaca cf. borreri ٢٨ ١ ٣۵ ١ Candelariella antennaria ٧٢ ١ Lecanora albellula ٢٢ ١ 56 www.SID.ir ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 ۶٢ ١ ٧٢ ١ ٨١ ١ ١۶٠ ١ Lecanora dispersa ۶٢ ١ Megaspora rimisorediata ۶٢ ١ Parmelia sulcata ٧٢ ١ Phaeophyscia ciliata ١٠٨ ١ Phaeophyscia orbicularis ٢۶ ٢ ٢٩ ١ ٣۵ ١ ٧٠ ١ ١۶٠ ١ Physcia adscendens ٢٩ ١ ٧٠ ١ ٢٢ ١ ٢۶ ١ ۶٢ ١ Physcia aipolia ٧٠ ١ ٨١ ٢ ١٠٧ ١ ١۵٩ ٢ ١٧٧ ١ Physcia caesia ۶٢ ١ Physcia stellaris ٢٢ ١ ٢۶ ١ ۶٢ ١ Physcia tenella ٢٩ ١ ٨١ ١ Seirophora orientalis ٢٢ ٢ ٨٢ ١ ١٠٨ ١ ١۵٩ ١ ١٧٧ ١ Xanthoria candelaria ٧٢ ١ Xanthoria fallax ٧۵ ١ ١۶٠ ١ ﺟﺪول 3- ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ روﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ 44/68 21 Physcia Physciaceae 12/76 6 Phaeophyscia ﺗﻨﻪرﺳﺖ و Anaptychia 1 2/13 ﺷﺎﺧﻪرﺳﺖ Seirophora Teloschistaceae 7 14/89 6/38 3 Caloplaca 57 www.SID.ir ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 6/8 3 Xanthoria 12/76 6 Lecanora Lecanoraceae 33/33 1 Parmelia Parmeliaceae ﺷﺎﺧﻪرﺳﺖ Megaspora Megasporaceae 1 33/33 33/33 1 Candelariella Candelariaceae ﺟﺪول 4- ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ روﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺳﺖرﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺗﻨﻪرﺳﺖ P. tenella Physcia 2 4 4 2 P. adscendens 10 5 P.orbicularis Phaeophyscia 4 2 X. fallax Xanthoria ﺷﺎﺧﻪرﺳﺖ P. caesia Physcia 1 2 2 1 P. ciliata Phaeophyscia 2 1 P. sulcata Parmelia 2 1 M. rimisorediata Megaspora 2 1 L. dispersa Lecanora 2 1 X. candelaria Xanthoria 2 1 C. antenaria Candelariella ﺗﻨﻪرﺳﺖ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪرﺳﺖ P. ciliaris Anaptychia 1 2 26 13 P. aipolia Physcia 6 3 P. stellaris 14 7 S. orientalis Seirophora 6 3 C. cf. borreri Caloplaca 10 5 L. albellula Lecanora ﺑﺤﺚ درﺧﺘﺎن در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﻲروﻳﺪ (20)؛ ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ دو اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ M. rimisorediata از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺻﺨﺮه و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (10). درﺧﺘﺎن ارس در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺨﺮهﻫﺎ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ (11)؛ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه (ﺟﺪول 1)، ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﺰارش ﭘﻮﺳﺖﻧﺸﻴﻦ آن در ﺷﻤﺎلﺷﺮق اﻳﺮان از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان (18 و 19) و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪهاي ﻛﻪ از ﺧﺮاﺳﺎنﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ (21). در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﺗﺎل .L ﺷﻤﺎلﺷﺮق اﻳﺮان در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﻴﺪهاﻧﺪ (5، ٧، ٨، ٩، ١٠، 1۴ و ٢٣ dispersa ﻗﺮار دارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ 6، ) (ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎي آﻫﻜﻲ و ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ، ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ، ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي، ﺑﺎر در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎنرﺿﻮي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺘﻮن، ﺳﻄﺢ دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎ و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدوﻏﺒﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ) ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪاز: 58 www.SID.ir ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ (ﻣﺠﻠﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان) ﺟﻠﺪ 31، ﺷﻤﺎره Archive 1397of SID،1 Caloplaca cf.
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