Desire Lines Towards a Queer Digital Media Phenomenology

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Desire Lines Towards a Queer Digital Media Phenomenology Desire Lines Towards a Queer Digital Media Phenomenology Matilda Tudor SÖDERTÖRN DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS Desire Lines Towards a Queer Digital Media Phenomenology Matilda Tudor Subject: Media and Communication Studies Research Area: Critical and Cultural Theory School: Culture and Education Södertörns högskola (Södertörn University) The Library SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications © Matilda Tudor Cover Illustraton: Kajsa Bornedal Graphic Form: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Printed by Elanders, Stockholm 2018 Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations 157 ISSN 1652–7399 ISBN 978–91–88663–48–1 (print) ISBN 978–91–88663–49–8 (digital) For Santino Wherever your desire may lead you A desire path (often referred to as desire line in transportation planning […]) is a path created as a consequence of erosion caused by human or animal foot-fall or traffic. […] Desire paths emerge as shortcuts where constructed ways take a circuitous route, have gaps, or are non-existent. Wikipedia, 2018 Abstract This dissertation explores ways in which “queer digital media use” re- organizes and co-produces senses of space, time, and queer being in con- temporary Russia. Since Russia implemented laws against “gay propaganda” during the early 2010s, queer citizens have become symbolic targets for battles fought about Russia’s place within modernity, resulting in heighten- ed queer exposure and persecution. Considering the particular implications of visibility/invisibility for queer living, as well as the importance of com- partmentalizing different often conflicting spheres, the study aims to pro- vide a grounded and contextualized account of queer life lived with and through digital media in a context currently characterized by “anti-gay” sentiments. Queer digital media use in this study includes all engagement with digital media supporting a queer orientation in the world, and covers e.g. main- stream social media networks, queer dating forums, geolocative applica- tions, digital bulletin boards and IRC-channels. Empirically, the study draws on in-depth interviews with nineteen queer male informants in Saint Petersburg, and fieldwork performed there during 2013–2015. The selection of informants is limited to same-sex desiring cis-men, and the material has been collected and treated in accordance with a “non-digital-centric” digital ethnography. Taking a distinct phenomenological perspective, the study asks how digital media is implicated within the informants’ general queer orientation towards the world. How does digital media affect perceptions of the here and now, the proximate and the distant, and spaces of belonging? In what way is it entwined with the directions they are taking and how they perceive of the future? And how do the different mobilities of flesh and code relate to one another? While aiming to answer such questions, the study outlines a “queer digi- tal media phenomenology”, primarily combining Sara Ahmed’s queer phe- nomenology and Shaun Moores’s media phenomenology. While Ahmed provides the study with a deep understanding of queer habituation, Moores adds a consideration of the multiply positioned digital media user, as a fundamental pre-requisite for contemporary social experience. Rather than echoing the commonly accepted idea of speedup and instan- taneousness within digital culture, the results show that digital media is often used among the informants to help produce slowness and lingering, thereby serving to postpone further action. By producing spaces understood as “safe” and/or private, digital media provides sites where the work of 7 generating a queer orientation in the world can be done, and where the larger geography of everyday living may be negotiated. As such, the inform- ants are often highly invested in efforts to keep various sites online and offline separate, which however becomes increasingly challenging due to “the culture of connectivity” and “the real name Internet”. The study thus explores how the informants travel across these multiple sites, particularly articulating the dynamics between online and offline spaces, and the dis- continuities of queer digital media use. Challenging the idea of constant connectivity and an online/offline col- lapse, the dissertation follows recent studies in suggesting that digital media use exposes unorthodox ways of imagining relationality, and that we need to critically consider inbuilt normative assumptions about the embodied subjects anticipated to live “seamless medialives”. Keywords: digital media, queer, Russia, phenomenology, space, time, mo- bility, visibility, embodiment, discontinuity, Hornet, Growlr, VKontakte, Mamba. 8 Sammanfattning I denna avhandling utforskas hur “queert digitalt mediebruk” samproducerar och omorganiserar uppfattningar om tid, rum och queert varande i samtida Ryssland. Sedan Ryssland implementerade lagar mot ”gay propaganda” under tidigt 2010-tal har queera medborgare blivit symboliska måltavlor i slaget om Rysslands plats i moderniteten, vilket resulterat i ökad synlighet och förföljelse. Med hänsyn till de särskilda implikationer som synlighet/ osynlighet har för queera individer, samt vikten av att kunna hålla isär olika sfärer som ofta står i konflikt med varandra, ämnar den här studien att bidra med en kontextualiserad beskrivning av hur queert liv levs med och genom digitala medier, i en miljö präglad av ökad homofobi. I studien räknas all användning av digitala medier som stödjer en queer orientering i världen som queert digitalt mediebruk, och inkluderar till exem- pel sociala medienätverk, queera dejtingforum, geolokala applikationer, digitala bulletin boards och IRC-kanaler. Empiriskt baseras studien på djupintervjuer med nitton queera män boendes i Saint Petersburg, samt fältarbete som genomfördes där mellan 2013–2015. Urvalet av informanter är begränsat till cis-män som har sex med män, och materialet har samlats in och behandlats i enlighet med en ”non-digital-centric” digital etnografi. Genom att anlägga ett distinkt fenomenologiskt perspektiv, avser studien att besvara frågor om hur digitala medier hör samman med informanternas övergripande queera orientering i världen. Hur påverkar digitala medier uppfattningar av det som är här och nu, vad som är avlägset och nära, och vart de tänker sig höra hemma? På vilka sätt är digitala medier samman- flätade med informanternas riktning framåt och hur de förnimmer sin framtid? Och hur kan vi förstå samspelet mellan kroppars och de digitala kodernas olika rörelseförmåga? För att besvara sådana frågor sätter studien samman en ”queer digital mediefenomenologi”, huvudsakligen genom att kombinera Sara Ahmeds queera fenomenologi med Shaun Moores mediefenomenologi. Medan Ahmed utrustar studien med en djupare förståelse för queer habituering understryker Moores att en fundamental utgångspunkt för att förstå samtida 9 sociala erfarenheter är att den digitala medieanvändaren är mångfaldigt positionerad i flera rum samtidigt. Medan digital kultur vanligen sammankopplas med ökat tempo och det omedelbara visar resultaten att studiens informanter ofta använder digitala medier på sätt som saktar ner farten, i kvardröjande rörelser som syftar till att skjuta upp vidare handling. Digitala medier genererar rum som uppfattas som ”säkra” och/eller privata där det ”arbete” som krävs för att utveckla en queer orientering i världen kan göras, och där vardagslivets övergripande geografi kan förhandlas. Därmed är informanterna ofta mycket investerade i försök att hålla olika platser online och offline separerade, vilket dock utmanas av samtida tendenser kopplade till det som kommit att kallas ”the culture of connetivity” och ”the real name Internet”. Studien utforskar därmed hur informanterna rör sig mellan dessa olika rum och betonar särskilt dynamiken mellan platser online och offline för att fånga diskon- etinuiteten i queert digitalt mediebruk. På så vis vill avhandlingen utmana idéer om konstant konnektivitet och en online/offline-kollaps, och i likhet med samtida röster peka på att digitalt mediebruk visar på okonventionella sätt att föreställa sig det relationella, och att vi kritiskt behöver granska normativa utgångspunkter gällande de kroppsliga subjekt som antas leva ”sömlösa medieliv”. Nyckelord: digitalt mediebruk, queer, Ryssland, fenomenologi, tid och rum, mobilitet, synlighet, kroppslighet, diskontinuitet, Hornet, Growlr, Vkon- takte, Mamba 10 Acknowledgements This monograph is the result of five years PhD studies, over a six years’ time span including parental leave. It’s been a bumpy ride to say the least. For many of us beginning doctoral studies, it starts as an abrupt wakeup call, letting us understand that we are not as exceptional as we might have felt during our previous studies, as we are now surrounded only by those who were just as ambitious as ourselves – that’s why we’ve ended up here. We commonly go from knowing exactly where we are going and what we are doing, to being lost in this new, exciting and terrifying world of wonderfully clever and challenging minds. Particularly entering the research school of Critical and Cultural Theory at Södertörn University meant a largely dis- orienting experience for me personally, coming from a trans-disciplinary background anchored in empirical research and sociological perspectives. In this new world a language was spoken which I couldn’t decipher, spun around tropes such as the re-occurring “event”, commonly referred to in passing but with distinct emphasis, as the event. What was this event that everybody was talking about? Was it a media event?
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