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Jacobus Palaeologus in Constantinople, 1554-5 and 1573
Jacobus Palaeologus in Constantinople, 1554-5 and 1573 Martin Rothkegel Th eologische Hochschule Elstal 1. Jacobus Palaeologus: Admirer of Islam and Radical Antitrinitarian The religious reform debates that disunited Western Christia- nity in the 16th century left a lasting imprint on Western civilization. Besides the traditional Roman Catholic Church, Protestantism with its various factions emerged as an alternative form of Western Ch- ristianity. The religious debates unleashed by the sixteenth-century Reformers demonstrably fuelled, in one way or another, many of the subsequent developments of the early modern West including the rise of capitalism, the Dutch and English early Enlightenment, and the pursuit of civil emancipation in seventeenth-century England and eighteenth-century North America. Religious diversity turned out to be an enriching resource for Western societies that enlarged the pool of possible solutions in situations when new challenges demanded new ways of thinking and acting. Special credit for contributing to the genesis of modernity goes to the Antitrinitarian thinkers of the 16th century who radically challenged one of the central dogmatic traditions of the Christian 977 OSMANLI ó STANBULU IV religion, the doctrine of Trinity. Although they were relatively small in number and formed larger communities only in Poland and Transylvania, the Antitrinitarians, stigmatized and persecuted by the Protestants as much as by the Roman Catholics, anticipated key concepts of the Enlightenment and of modern political thou- ght. The seminal implications of 16-17th century Antitrinitarian thought may explain the somehow disproportional attention that Antitrinitarianism, and especially its Socinian variety, has received from historians.1 While the celebrated Italian Fausto Sozzini (1539-1604) and his disciples often have been claimed as direct ancestors of moder- nity, this obviously is not the case with Jacobus Palaeologus. -
The Qin Dynasty Laura Santos
Level 6 - 10 China’s First Empire: The Qin Dynasty Laura Santos Summary This book is about the Qin Dynasty—both the good and the bad. Contents Before Reading Think Ahead ........................................................... 2 Vocabulary .............................................................. 3 During Reading Comprehension ...................................................... 5 After Reading Think About It ........................................................ 8 Before Reading Think Ahead Look at the pictures and answer the questions. watchtower The Great Wall of China underground sightseeing statues 1. What did guards along the Great Wall use to see invaders? 2. What are most people doing when they visit the Great Wall today? 3. What are the people and horses in the second picture called? 4. Where were these people and horses found? 2 World History Readers Before Reading Vocabulary A Read and match. 1. a. fake 2. b. mercury 3. c. jewels 4. d. wagon 5. e. scholar 6. f. statue 7. g. sightseeing 8. h. chariot China’s First Empire: The Qin Dynasty 3 Before Reading B Write the word for each definition. evidence messenger ban tomb suicide 1. the act of taking one’s own life 2. a person who carries news or information from one person to another 3. a place or building to keep a dead person 4. one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true 5. to forbid; to refuse to allow C Choose the word that means about the same as the underlined words. 1. The emperor sent many soldiers up the Yellow River to watch for foreign enemies. a. invaders b. scholars c. chariots d. messengers 2. The emperor built a fancy tomb for himself. -
The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records (Oxford
oxford world’s classics THE FIRST EMPEROR Sima Qian’s Historical Records (Shiji), from which this selection is taken, is the most famous Chinese historical work, which not only established a pattern for later Chinese historical writing, but was also much admired for its literary qualities, not only in China, but also in Japan, where it became available as early as the eighth cen- tury ad. The work is vast and complex, and to appreciate its nature it is necessary to make a selection of passages concerning a particu- lar period. To this end the short-lived Qin Dynasty, which unified China in the late third century bc, has been chosen for this transla- tion as a key historical period which well illustrates Sima’s method. Sima himself lived from 145 bc to about 86 bc. He inherited the post of Grand Historiographer from his father, and was so deter- mined to complete his work that he suffered the penalty of castra- tion rather than the more honourable alternative of death when he fell foul of the Emperor. Raymond Dawson was an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. He was Editor of The Legacy of China (1964) and his other publications include The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (1967), Imperial China (1972), The Chinese Experience (1978), Confucius (1982), A New Introduction to Classical Chinese (1984), and the Analects (Oxford World’s Classics, 1993). K. E. Brashier is Associate Professor of Religion (Chinese) and Humanities (Chinese) at Reed College. oxford world’s classics For over 100 years Oxford World’s Classics have brought readers closer to the world’s great literature. -
Louis Ix, King of France
pg 1/3 King Louis IX of France Born: 25 Apr 1215 Poissy, FRA Married: Margarite de Provence Died: 25 Aug 1270 FRA Parents: King Louis VIII & Blanche de Castile Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 to his death. He was also Count of Artois (as Louis II) from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. He is the only canonised king of France and consequently there are many places named after him, most notably St. Louis, Missouri in the United States. He established the Parlement of Paris. Early life Louis was born in 1214 at Poissy, near Paris, the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. A member of the House of Capet, Louis was twelve years old when his father died on November 8, 1226. He was crowned king the same year in the cathedral at Reims. Because of Louis's youth, his mother ruled France as regent during his minority. His younger brother Charles I of Sicily (1227–85) was created count of Anjou, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty. The horrific fate of that dynasty in Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers evidently did not tarnish Louis's credentials for sainthood. No date is given for the beginning of Louis's personal rule. His contemporaries viewed his reign as co-rule between the king and his mother, though historians generally view the year 1234 as the year in which Louis began ruling personally, with his mother assuming a more advisory role. -
Münzen Aus Dem Reich Der Mitte – Von Der Kaurischnecke Zum Käsch
Münzen aus dem Reich der Mitte – von der Kaurischnecke zum Käsch Um 1500 v. Chr. benutzte man in China Schneckengehäuse als Münzen; später wurden die Schnecken aus Knochen oder Kupfer nachgeahmt. Daneben zirkulierte Gerätegeld, zum Beispiel in Form von Messer- oder Spatenmünzen, aber auch runde Münzen waren in Gebrauch. 211 v. Chr. begann der erste chinesische Kaiser mit der Ausgabe von einheitlichen Reichsmünzen, aus denen sich schliesslich die Käschmünze entwickelte: eine runde Kupfermünze mit viereckigem Loch, die bis zum Ende der chinesischen Kaiserzeit im Jahr 1911 ausgegeben wurde. 1 von 21 www.sunflower.ch China, Shang-Dynastie, durchbohrte Cypraea moneta (Kauri) Denomination: Cypraea Moneta (Kauri) Prägeautorität: Prägeort: Prägejahr: -1500 Gewicht in Gramm: 0.9 Durchmesser in mm: 21.0 Material: Andere Eigentümer: Sunflower Foundation Kaurischnecken waren die langlebigste Währung aller Zeiten. In China wurden sie schon vor über 3000 Jahren als Geld benutzt und liefen, zusammen mit anderen Zahlungsmitteln, bis 1578 um. Die chinesische Schrift, die im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. entwickelt wurde, verwendet das Zeichen für Kauri noch heute in Wörtern wie Münze, Geld, Kaufen, Wert und ähnlichen. Das Zeichen ist auch Bestandteil der Inschrift auf vielen chinesischen Käschmünzen. Der venezianische Händler Marco Polo, der im späten 13. Jahrhundert während mehrerer Jahre in China lebte, überlieferte in seinen Reisebeschreibungen (Il Milione) einige Preise. Demnach bezahlte man damals in China für ein Huhn 5 Kauri, für vier Kilogramm Getreide 8 Kauri und für eine Kuh 320 Kauri. 2 von 21 www.sunflower.ch China, Zhou-Dynastie, Kauriimitation aus Knochen, ca. 700 v. Chr. Denomination: Kauriimitation Prägeautorität: Zhou-Dynastie Prägeort: Unbestimmt Prägejahr: -700 Gewicht in Gramm: 2.84 Durchmesser in mm: 28.0 Material: Andere Eigentümer: Sunflower Foundation Um dem Handel und dem täglichen Gebrauch zu genügen, brauchte man eine grosse Menge Kauris. -
Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early M
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in English by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 © Copyright by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia by Sara Victoria Torres Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Christine Chism, Co-chair Professor Lowell Gallagher, Co-chair My dissertation, “Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia,” traces the legacy of dynastic internationalism in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early-seventeenth centuries. I argue that the situated tactics of courtly literature use genealogical and geographical paradigms to redefine national sovereignty. Before the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, before the divorce trials of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s, a rich and complex network of dynastic, economic, and political alliances existed between medieval England and the Iberian kingdoms. The marriages of John of Gaunt’s two daughters to the Castilian and Portuguese kings created a legacy of Anglo-Iberian cultural exchange ii that is evident in the literature and manuscript culture of both England and Iberia. Because England, Castile, and Portugal all saw the rise of new dynastic lines at the end of the fourteenth century, the subsequent literature produced at their courts is preoccupied with issues of genealogy, just rule, and political consent. Dynastic foundation narratives compensate for the uncertainties of succession by evoking the longue durée of national histories—of Trojan diaspora narratives, of Roman rule, of apostolic foundation—and situating them within universalizing historical modes. -
Nelson Novoa, James W., Being the Nação in the Eternal City. New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome
Nelson Novoa, James W., Being the Nação in the Eternal City. New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome. Portuguese Studies Review Monograph Series, vol. 2. Peterborough: Baywolf Press, 343 pp., 2014. ISBN: 9780921437529. Antonio J. Díaz Rodríguez1 Once again, the study of the world of conversos in early modern Iberia has demonstrated its enormous potential. With this book, Professor James W. Nelson Novoa, currently undertaking research at the University of Ottawa, fills a number of gaps in the historiography. First, because up to now there has been a notable lack of studies centered specifically on the New Christian Portuguese community in sixteenth-century Rome. Secondly, because his analysis goes far beyond questions of ethnicity and religion. All too often, the study of judeoconversos both in and beyond the Iberian Peninsula has relied over-heavily on Inquisition sources. Clearly, this documentation is fundamental, but it still remains only partial. This has meant that attention has been focused on only a small segment of this minority. In some cases, this has happened through convenience, and, in other cases, as a result of a particular—and, I believe, excessively reductionist— historiographical perspective, though I shall not comment further on that here. We might say that we have not been able to see the judeoconversos for the Judaizers. Fortunately, things have moved on in terms of the historiography of this minority population of the Iberian Peninsula. James Nelson’s book constitutes a welcome step forward in the study of Portuguese conversos who chose to live in Rome either temporarily or permanently, in diverse situations, and for varied reasons. -
Cultural/Narrative Meaning of Dream-Chronotope in Geoffrey
Beihefte zur Mediaevistik: Band 29 2016 Andrea Grafetstätter / Sieglinde Hartmann / James Ogier (eds.) 2016 , Islands · and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History. Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, Univer-sity of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (2011) Internationale Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Mittelalterforschung Olaf Wagener (Hrsg.), „vmbringt mit starcken turnen, murn“. Ortsbefesti- Band 29 gungen im Mittelalter (2010) Hiram Kümper (Hrsg.), eLearning & Mediävistik. Mittelalter lehren und lernen im neumedialen Zeitalter (2011) Olaf Wagener (Hrsg.), Symbole der Macht? Aspekte mittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher Architektur (2012) N. Peter Joosse, The Physician as a Rebellious Intellectual. The Book of the Two Pieces of Advice or Kitāb al-Naṣīḥatayn by cAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Yūsuf al-Baghdādī (1162–1231) (2013) Meike Pfefferkorn, Zur Semantik von rike in der Sächsischen Weltchronik. Reden über Herrschaft in der frühen deutschen Chronistik - Transforma- tionen eines politischen Schlüsselwortes (2014) Eva Spinazzè, La luce nell'architettura sacra: spazio e orientazione nelle chiese del X-XII secolo tra Romandie e Toscana. Including an English summary. Con una introduzione di Xavier Barral i Altet e di Manuela Incerti (2016) Christa Agnes Tuczay (Hrsg.), Jenseits. Eine mittelalterliche und mediävis- tische Imagination. Interdisziplinäre Ansätze zur Analyse des Unerklär- lichen (2016) Begründet von Peter Dinzelbacher Herausgegeben von Albrecht Classen LANG MEDIAEVISTIK MEDI 29-2016 271583-160x230 Br-AM PLE.indd 1 24.01.17 KW 04 09:06 Beihefte zur Mediaevistik: Band 29 2016 Andrea Grafetstätter / Sieglinde Hartmann / James Ogier (eds.) 2016 , Islands · and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History. Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, Univer-sity of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (2011) Internationale Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Mittelalterforschung Olaf Wagener (Hrsg.), „vmbringt mit starcken turnen, murn“. -
The Case of Chinese Zoosemy
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU RZESZOWSKIEGO SERIA FILOLOGICZNA ZESZYT 47/2007 STUDIA ANGLICA RESOVIENSIA 4 Robert KIEŁTYKA, Grzegorz A. KLEPARSKI ON THE INDO-EUROPEAN NATURE OF NON-INDO- EUROPEAN ANIMAL METAPHOR: THE CASE OF CHINESE ZOOSEMY Introduction The aim of this paper is to outline the mechanism of zoosemy1 (animal metaphor) operating in Chinese in the context of its operation in Indo-European languages. In the existing literature, the issue of animal metaphor in Chinese has been touched upon in, among others, Hsieh (2000, 2002, 2003), Domínguez and Li (2004) and Kiełtyka (forthcoming).2 In their cognitively-couched analysis of the metaphorisation of animal terms, Domínguez and Li (2004) concentrate on the semantics of water animals in Spanish and Chinese, yet there is an evident lack of any in-depth study of zoosemic developments of other subcategories of the macrocategory of ANIMALS, such as, for example, MAMMALS, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS or INSECTS. To meet this need, we intend to trace certain zoosemic developments involving the members of the category DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. We envision a later attempt will be made to expand the scope of the issue to further historical analysis. Quite rightly, this paper concentrates mainly on the question what has happened, rather than attempting to formulate definite answers to the questions of why or under what conditions zoosemic developments, and – in particular – zoosemic shifts in Chinese have taken place. 1 Zoosemy is understood in current semantic literature (see Rayevska (1979:165)) as nicknaming from animals which means that names of animals are often used to denote human qualities. 2 Kleparski (1990, 1996, 1997, 2002), Kiełtyka (2005a, 2005b), Hsieh (2000, 2002, 2003), Domínguez and Li (2004) and Kiełtyka and Kleparski (2005a, 2005b) analyse selected animal terms in various languages with special reference to English, Hungarian, Chinese and Spanish, with the aid of both componential and cognitive mechanisms. -
Prince Henry the Navigator, Who Brought This Move Ment of European Expansion Within Sight of Its Greatest Successes
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com PrinceHenrytheNavigator CharlesRaymondBeazley 1 - 1 1 J fteroes of tbe TRattong EDITED BY Sveltn Bbbott, flD.B. FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD PACTA DUOS VIVE NT, OPEROSAQUE OLMIA MHUM.— OVID, IN LI VI AM, f«». THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE. PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR GATEWAY AT BELEM. WITH STATUE, BETWEEN THE DOORS, OF PRINCE HENRY IN ARMOUR. Frontispiece. 1 1 l i "5 ' - "Hi:- li: ;, i'O * .1 ' II* FV -- .1/ i-.'..*. »' ... •S-v, r . • . '**wW' PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR THE HERO OF PORTUGAL AND OF MODERN DISCOVERY I 394-1460 A.D. WITH AN ACCOUNr Of" GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS THROUGH OUT THE MIDDLE AGLi> AS THE PREPARATION FOR KIS WORlf' BY C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., F.R.G.S. FELLOW OF MERTON 1 fr" ' RifrB | <lvFnwn ; GEOGRAPHICAL STUDEN^rf^fHB-SrraSR^tttpXFORD, 1894 ule. Seneca, Medea P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON Cbe Knicftetbocftet press 1911 fe'47708A . A' ;D ,'! ~.*"< " AND TILDl.N' POL ' 3 -P. i-X's I_ • •VV: : • • •••••• Copyright, 1894 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Entered at Stationers' Hall, London Ube ftntcfeerbocfter press, Hew Iffotfc CONTENTS. PACK PREFACE Xvii INTRODUCTION. THE GREEK AND ARABIC IDEAS OF THE WORLD, AS THE CHIEF INHERITANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN MIDDLE AGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE . I CHAPTER I. EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS (CIRCA 333-867) . 29 CHAPTER II. VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN (CIRCA 787-1066) . -
University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
71-7579 THIRY, Jr., Alexander George, 1930- REGENCY OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND, 1521-1531; FIRST HABSBURG ATTEMPT AT CENTRALIZED CONTROL OF GERMANY, The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED REGENCY OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND, 1521-1531: FIRST HABSBURG ATTEMPT AT CENTRALIZED CONTROL OF GERMANY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Alexander G. Thiry, B. A., M. A. ****** The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Iviser Department of History PREFACE For those with professional interest in the Reforma tion era, Ferdinand of the House of Habsburg requires no special introduction here. As the younger and sole brother of Charles V, who was the Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation in the first-half of the sixteenth century, Ferdi nand's place among the list of secular, notables of the pe riod is assured. Singled out in 1521 by his imperial brother to be the Archduke of Austria and to become his personal representative in Germany, attaining the kingships of Bohe mia and Hungary in 1526 and 1527 respectively, and designated, following his brother's abdication and retirement from pub lic life in 1556, to succeed him as emperor of Germany, Fer dinand could not help leaving behind him from such political heights indelible footprints upon the course of history. Yet, probably because of the fragmentation of Ferdi nand's energy into these many various channels of responsi bility and the presence of his illustrious brother, Charles V, and his fanatical nephew, Philip II of Spain, who both eclipsed his own place on the stage of history, Ferdinand's historical significance has been largely overlooked by IX posterity.