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Down the Road. a Road to the Past Volume 1 Colin Dunlop Colin A Road to the Past Volume 1 Volume the Past to A Road DOWN THE ROAD DOWN The Archaeology of the A1 Road Schemes betweenA1 Road of the Lisburn and NewryArchaeology The DOWN THE ROAD : A Road to the Past Volume 1 The Archaeology of the A1 Road Schemes between Lisburn and Newry Colin Dunlop DOWN THE ROAD A Road to the Past Volume 1 The Archaeology of the A1 Road Schemes between Lisburn and Newry Colin Dunlop Published by Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd Lagan Ferrovial and Northern Archaeological Consultancy for TransportNI (Department for Regional Development) LAGAN FERROVIAL c/o LAGAN CONSTRUCTION GROUP Rosemount House, 21-23 Sydenham Road, Belfast, BT3 9HA & NORTHERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY Farset Enterprise Park, 638 Springfield Road, Belfast, BT12 7DY Published by Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd 2015 ISBN 978-0-9934560-0-8 Design, layout, images and maps copyright © Lagan Ferrovial and Northern Archaeological Consultancy, 2015 (except where stated) Text: Colin Dunlop Edited by Dr Victoria Ginn, Department of Environment: Historic Environment Division (DOE: HED) Designed by David McClelland, www.davidcreative.co.uk Printed by www.blurb.co.uk All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to the publishers and to TransportNI Front Cover: Reconstruction of the Iron Age defensive earthwork known as the Dane’s Cast or Black Pig’s Glen, near Newry © Philip Armstrong Page i: The Neolithic ring barrow and Bronze Age timber circle at Derrybeg (Site 12) © Tony Corey, DOE:HED Page ii: Aerial view of the excavations at Carnmeen (Site 23) © Headland Contents page: Reconstructed Bronze Age pottery recovered during the excavations Acknowledgements This book was commissioned by Gavin McKevitt on behalf of Lagan Ferrovial, for Amey Roads NI and TransportNI. The book was edited by Dr Victoria Ginn (DOE: Historic Environment Division), with further assistance and advice from Paul Logue, Thom Kerr and Terence Reeves-Smyth, also of DOE: HED. The design and layout is by David McClelland (www.davidcreative.co.uk). Photographs, plans and illustrations have been gratefully provided by Archaeological Development Services (© ADS, where stated) and Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd (© Headland, where stated). Photographs have been provided by Tony Corey and Gail Pollock (DOE: HED), National Roads Authority, Ruzicka\UNESCO, and Jouko Lehmuskallio (naturegate.net); and commissioned from Greer Ramsey and Michelle Ashmore (National Museums NI – Picture Library); Mark Haslett (www. markhaslettphotography.com), Newry and Mourne Museum, and Felicity Martin (catkinpress. com). Artefact illustrations were undertaken by Johnny Ryan (ADS), Stephanie Godden (http:// stephbeatgraphics.daportfolio.com) and colour reconstructions by Philip Armstrong (www. paintthepast.com). Maps were created by Ross Bailey (NAC). Additional research for this book was undertaken by Jonathan Barkley, Sarah Nicol, Alan Reilly and Stephen Gilmore. Early drafts of this book were edited by Fergal O’Prey and Lianne Heaney. Unless otherwise stated all images are copyright of Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd. The author would also like to thank the excavation crews and authors of the archaeological data structure reports (DSR) used when compiling this publication. Special mention should be made to the following DSR authors and editors: Northern Archaeological Consultancy (NAC); Simon Large, Robert Chapple, Stephen Gilmore, Lianne Heaney and Jonathan Barkley; Jacobs; Kev Beachus; Archaeological Development Services (ADS); Ros Ó’Maoldúin, Lynsey Morton, Patricia Ryan, Orlaith Lenihan, Johanna Vuolteenaho, Jenny Breslin, Warren Bailie, Vicky Ginn, Orlaith Lenihan, Deirdre Malone, Vincent McClorey, Moira O’Rourke, Gail Howell, Eimear O’Connor, Kara Ward, and Yvonne Whitty; Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd; Paul Masser, Laura Scott, Magnar Dalland and James McMeekin; Archaeological Associates Ireland; Michael Avery. vi Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 vii Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................vii Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................xi Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................1 Environmental History.............................................................................................................................5 The First Settlers .....................................................................................................................................13 The Neolithic ..........................................................................................................................................21 The Bronze Age .......................................................................................................................................47 The Iron Age .........................................................................................................................................101 Early Medieval Period ...........................................................................................................................113 Medieval Period ....................................................................................................................................133 Post-medieval to the present day .........................................................................................................141 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................151 Chapter Notes .......................................................................................................................................154 Tables .....................................................................................................................................................158 Radiocarbon Dates ...............................................................................................................................161 List of Archaeological Excavation Sites ...............................................................................................173 Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................................176 viii Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 ix Opposite: The A1 Road Scheme immediately after opening Foreword I am very pleased to lend my support to this publication on the archaeology of the A1 corridor. Major developments by TransportNI have seen the A1 between Loughbrickland and the border with the Republic of Ireland upgraded to dual carriageway standard. These developments have presented an opportunity for archaeologists to uncover and investigate many features that would have previously been hidden. This publication focuses on archaeological features uncovered on the A1 during the DBFO Package 2 Contract which included the A1 Beechill to Cloghogue dual carriageway Scheme and the A1 Junction Improvements Scheme. It has been prepared in line with a commitment by TransportNI to work with the Department of the Environment’s Historic Monuments Unit to ensure that where major schemes uncover significant archaeological remains that this information is made available to address public interest. I take this opportunity to thank all those involved in the delivery of the improvements to the A1 and in the preparation of this informative publication. Pat Doherty Director of Engineering – TransportNI x Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 Down the Road. A Road to the Past: Volume 1 xi Opposite: Ring Barrows under excavation at Ballintaggart © Tony Corey, DOE:HED Introduction The A1 has been improved in three distinct phases between 2003 and 2010. Lagan Construction built the dualling of the A1 from Loughbrickland to Beech Hill and SIAC Ferrovial built the Newry to Dundalk dual carriageway. The dual carriageway between Beech Hill and Cloghouge as well as four new junctions at Dromore, Hillsborough, Loughbrickland and Banbridge were built by Amey Lagan Roads Ltd (now Amey Roads NI) and their contractor Lagan Ferrovial as part of the “DBFO Package 2” public private partnership contract. At the time of opening the Beech Hill to Cloghogue scheme, then Roads Minister Conor Murphy stated that ‘This project is the final link on the key strategic route between Belfast and Dublin on Ireland’s Eastern Seaboard and makes a substantial positive contribution to the social and economic well-being of our communities both north and south’. Once these works were completed Amey Roads NI became responsible for operation and maintenance of the schemes for a period of 30 years. As part of the requirements placed on the scheme by the NIEA (now DOE: HED) and DRD Roads Service NI (now TransportNI) archaeological monitoring was required in advance of construction proceeding on the scheme. Archaeological Development Services Ltd., Headland
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