DOCSLIB.ORG

Use of Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Use of Theses Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. K'UNG-TZU OR CONFUCIUS? THE JESUIT INTERPRETATION OF CONFUCIANISM Paul A . Rule A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Australian National University 1972 This thesis is wholly the work of the undersigned Except where specifically indicated all quotations from works in foreign languages have been translated by the author. SYNOPSIS This thesis attempts to trace and place in context the developing interpretation of Confucius and Confucianism propounded by the Jesuit missionaries in China during the period of the old mission, from its incep­ tion c. 158O to its collapse after the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773* The Jesuit interpretation of Confucianism was rooted in the Jesuit missionary experience throughout the world, but, more immediately, arose as a response to the peculiar problems experienced by Jesuits in the Par East from the time of Francis Xavier on. Xavier and his successors were confronted by the same pressures of language and culture that had marked and to some extent frustrated earlier intrusions of foreign religions into China- Buddhism, the Nestorian Christians of the T'ang, Judaism and Islam, as well as the Franciscan missionaries of the 13th, and 14th* centuries. Problems of translation and finding equivalent terminology, the Chinese tendency to syncretism and the difficulty of finding an acceptable social role, haul demon­ strated the necessity of assimilation to Chinese culture. Alessandro Valignano outlined a sceme of accommodation which Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Rieci carried through. To Ricci belongs the responsibility for the decisive adoption of an approach to the Chinese through Confucianism. His distinction between the primitive pure theism of the Confucian classics and its later atheistic exponents remained to the end the basis of the Jesuit interpretation of Confucianism. His scientific knowledge, his ethical teachings and his anti-Buddhist stance were attractive to Chinese scholar-officials in the political and intellectual crisis of the late Ming. His acceptance of the Confucian life-style, including ritual observances, enabled many to accept Christianity as complementing Confucianism rather than supplanting it. Ricci's interpretation of Confucianism was challenged both from within the Society of Jesus by those suspicious of Neo-Confucian Atheism* and by missionaries of other orders who favoured a direst approach and regarded Confu­ cian rites as idolatrous. The Jesuits soon agreed to follow Ricci's line. And at the Canton Conference of 1667-1668 a working policy on the Rites question was adopted, again along Ricci's lines. The Jesuit view of ’Confucius, the Chinese Philosopher', teacher of a pure theism and high morality, was widely propagated in Europe and deeply influenced European thinkers. The Rites issue broke out again in the 1690s largely through its involve­ ment in essentially non-Chinese ecclesiastical arguments. The missions of the papal legates, de Toumon and Mezzabarba, and associated papal decrees against the Rites, undercut the Jesuit method by removing its social base and inhibiting the Jesuit writings in Chinese. Some Jesuits in Peking attempted to satisfy European and Chinese critics by a fresh approach - the detection of traces of the primitive revelation and Old Testament history in the Chinese classics. This 'Figurism* was rejected by most of the Jesuits of the China mission as unfounded and extravagant, but Bouvet, Foucquet and de PrSinareeach found sympathisers in Europe. Their critics^ de Mailla and Gaubil, and the Jesuit editors in Europe all made contributions to European knowledge of China which laid the foundations of European Sinology. With the notable exception of La Charmefs Hsing-li chen-ch*uan of 1753> the Jesuit interpretation of Confucianism in the 18th. century was directed more at a European than a Chinese audience. And it still serves to raise fundamen­ tal questions about the nature of religion and about the possibility of cross- cultural understanding. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author’s endebtedness to a legion of people is obvious on every page of this work. During the years of its gestation I have received constant encouragement and good advice from historians, sinologists, librarians and members of the Society of Jesus? in Australia, Asia and Europe. Kay I tender the work itself as thanks, inadequate though it be, as the most appropriate way of expressing my gratitude for the interest they have taken in the subject itself and in my stumbling pursuit of' understanding. I must, however, acknowledge my special debt to those without whose daily assistance the work could not have been comp­ leted. To Otto van der Sprenkel for inspiration, criticism, and access to his enormous store of knowledge of men and books, Chinese and European; to Igor de Rachewiltz and Julia Ching for lighting dark places; to Professor A.L.Basham for smoothing my way in numerous directions; to Father Edmond Lamalie, Jesuit Archivist, for unfailing kindness and help; and to Mr. J.M.Braga for sharing his enthusiasm for, and knowledge of the Portuguese pioneers in Asia : to all these heartfelt thanks, and the hope that my work will repay to some extent their time and interest* ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK CHANTILLY Archives of the French Province of the Society of Jesus. Maison St« Louis, Les Fontaines, Chantilly, Oise, France. LONDON:3M British Museum, London. LONDON :PRO Public Records Office, London. PARIS sBN Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. ROME -APF Archives of the Congregation De Propaganda Fide, Rome. ROME :AS J Archives of the Society of Jesus, Rome. ROME :BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome. ROME :BVE Biblioteca (Nazionale Centrale) Vittorio Emanuele, Rome. References to manuscripts are given in this form: Location Fonds Folio number(s) Recto or Verso e.g. RometASJ, Jap. Sin. 23, ff.62r-65v* References to Chinese works paginated in the traditional style are given as follows : Title Chuan number Folio number Recto(a) or Verso(b) ©•g. Chfing shih kao, ch.29, 6a-7b. Chuan is indicated by A. Chuan T* is indicated by B. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page P REFACE CH. 1. TO 'BECOME CHINESE' 1 I. The Nestorian Christians of the T'ang 3 II. The Mongol Missions of the 13th and 14th Centuries 17 III. Syncretism and Assimilation 26 IV. European Knowledge of Chinese Religion before the Jesuits 37 V. The Jesuit Missionary Experience 46 VI. Alessandro Valignano and the Accommodation Method 56 CH. 2. MATTEO RICCI AND THE JESUIT INTERPRETATION OF CONFUCIANISM 76 I. Michele Ruggieri and the Establishment of the Mission 80 II. Matteo Ricci and the Discovery of Confucianism 94 III. Ricci's Interpretation of Confucianism 120 IV. Matteo Ricci and the Chinese Rites Question 151 V. Ricci and Confucianism: Syncretism, Accommodation, Encounter? 163 CH. 3. THE CONFUCIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE JESUITS 174 I. Late Ming Confucianism 180 II. The Christian Confucians 190 III. The Buddhist Reaction 208 IV. The Confucian Reaction 217 V. The Alleged Jesuit Influence on Late Ming- Early Ch'ing Thought 224 CH. 4 . A POINT OF FACT: THE DEBATE OVER TERMS AND RITES (1610-1688) 2 30 I. The Jesuit Debate over Terms 235 II. The Arrival of the Friars and the Beginning of the Debate over Chinese Rites 264 III. Legitimate Prejudices? 280 IV. Lull in the Storm 310 V. Confucius Sinarum Philosophus 318 CH. 5. SON OF HEAVED AND VICAR OF CHRIST: THE CHINESE RITES CONTROVERSY (16&8-1742) 332 I. Ching T'ien - 'Adore HeaVen1? 343 II. Louis Le Comte vs. the Sorbonne 355 III. The Papal Legates 362 IV. The Aftermath of the Rites 386 CH. 6. MOSES OR CHINA? THE JESUIT FIGURISTS 391 I. The Sources of Figurism 399 II. The Figurists and their Critics 408 III. Joachim Bouvet and the Prophecies of the I-ching 426 IV. Jean-Francois Foucquet and the Symbolism of the Chinese Classics 441 V. Joseph de Pr4mare and the Theory of 'Vestiges' 462 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.) P age CH. 7. THE JESUITS AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SINOLOGY 473 I. Jean Baptiste du Halde 476 II. Antoine Gaubil 482 III. Alexandre de la Charme and the Hsing-li chen- c h 1uan 4 8 6 IV. The M^moires concernant 1'histoire ... etc. des chinois 490 AN AGENDA 495 PREFACE Confucius is, in a sense, a Jesuit invention. It is one of the aims of this study to establish what that sense is. It is not just a question of the name, the Latinized 'Confucius'; although it is significant that Confucius was introduced to Europe in the language of Rome. The crucial problem is to establish to what extent the 'Confucius' of the Jesuit letters, travel reports, treatises and translations corresponds to the Chinese Confucius. We are not so much concerned here with Confucius the man, the K'ung Chiu of history, as with the myth1, the K'ung-tzu of Chinese tradition To what extent was the 'Confucius' introduced to Europe by the Jesuits, a Jesuit creation, and to what extent an accurate representation of the view held by the Chinese themselves of the man and his ideas? 2 The process by which the Jesuits of the old China mission developed their image of Confucius is a fascinating subject of study for its own sake. It also provides us with an amply 3 documented case of major cultural confrontation . Two great cultures had developed in virtual ignorance of each other and were now suddenly brought into contact.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • East Syriac Christianity in Mongol-Yuan China (12Th 14Th Centuries)
    Orientalia biblica et christiana 18 East Syriac Christianity in Mongol-Yuan China (12th–14th centuries) Bearbeitet von Li Tang 1. Auflage 2011. Buch. XVII, 169 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 447 06580 1 Format (B x L): 17 x 24 cm Gewicht: 550 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Religion > Christliche Kirchen & Glaubensgemeinschaften Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Li Tang East Syriac Christianity in Mongol-Yuan China 2011 Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden ISSN 09465065 ISBN 978-3-447-06580-1 III Acknowledgement This book is the outcome of my research project funded by the Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, abbreviated as FWF) from May 2005 to April 2008. It could not be made possible without the vision of FWF in its support of researches and involvement in the international scientific community. I take this opportunity to give my heartfelt thanks, first and foremost, to Prof. Dr. Peter Hofrichter who has developed a passion for the history of East Syrian Christianity in China and who invited me to come to Austria for this research. He and his wife Hilde, through their great hospitality, made my initial settling-in in Salzburg very pleasant and smooth. My deep gratitude also goes to Prof. Dr. Dietmar W. Winkler who took over the leadership of this project and supervised the on-going process of the research out of his busy schedule and secured all the ways and means that facilitated this research project to achieve its goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Ricci (Matteo)
    Ricci (Matteo) 利瑪竇 （1552-1610） Matteo Ricci‟s portrait painted on the 12th May, 1610 (the day after Ricci‟s death 11-May-1610) by the Chinese brother Emmanuel Pereira (born Yu Wen-hui), who had learned his art from the Italian Jesuit, Giovanni Nicolao. It is the first oil painting ever made in China by a Chinese painter.The age, 60 (last word of the Latin inscription), is incorrect: Ricci died during his fifty-eighth year. The portrait was taken to Rome in 1614 and displayed at the Jesuit house together with paintings of Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier. It still hangs there. Matteo Ricci was born on the 6th Oct 1552, in central Italy, in the city of Macerata, which at that time was territory of the Papal State. He first attended for seven years a School run by the Jesuit priests in Macerata, later he went to Rome to study Law at the Sapienza University, but was attracted to the religious life. In 1571 ( in opposition to his father's wishes), he joined the Society of Jesus and studied at the Jesuit college in Rome (Collegio Romano). There he met a famous German Jesuit professor of mathematics, Christopher Clavius, who had a great influence on the young and bright Matteo. Quite often, Ricci in his letters from China will remember his dear professor Clavius, who taught him the basic scientific elements of mathematics, astrology, geography etc. extremely important for his contacts with Chinese scholars. Christopher Clavius was not a wellknown scientist in Europe at that time, but at the “Collegio Romano”, he influenced many young Jesuits.
    [Show full text]
  • Alessandro Valignano' Interpretation to Chinese Culture
    ISSN 1712-8056[Print] Canadian Social Science ISSN 1923-6697[Online] Vol. 15, No. 7, 2019, pp. 6-10 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/11242 www.cscanada.org Alessandro Valignano’ Interpretation to Chinese Culture LIU Jianguo[a],*; WANG Yu[b] [a]Research Centre of Song History, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Foreign Languages School, Henan University of Science and INTRODUCTION Technology, Luoyang, China. Alessandro Valignano (1539-1606), an Italian missionary, [b]First Construction Corporation, China Petroleum Engineering & whose Chinese name was Fan Li’an, received a doctor Construction Corporation, Luoyang, China. of law when he was 19 years old. In 1574, Alessandro Research Centre of Song History, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Foreign Languages School, Henan University of Science and Valignano was sent to the East to preach, and died in Technology, Luoyang, China. Macao in 1606. During his 32 years of missionary *Corresponding author. service in the East, Alessandro Valignano, who served Received 18 March 2019; accepted 6 June 2019 as a regional inspector of all-India, an archbishop of the Published online 26 July 2019 Diocese of India, an inspector of Chinese and Japanese dioceses, and a member of the Catholic Church in India, contributed greatly to the spread of Catholicism in India, Abstract China and Japan from the end of the 16th century to the Alessandro Valignano was sent to the East for missionary beginning of the 17th century. Some Catholics praised work by the Society of Jesus in 1574 and died in Macao him for “the genius of Alexander and the martial arts of in 1606. During the 32 years of Eastern missionary General Anibar.”(Henri, 1933, p.139)Michel Ruggier work, he served as several posts and contributed greatly who was the First Jesuit in Mainland China, said that to the spread of Catholicism in India, China and Japan “he opened the China’s door which was closed very from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the tightly with humility and perseverance,” (Zhang & Liu, 17th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Acquisition and Missionary Strategies in China, 1580-1760
    Charlotte de Castelnau-l'Estoile, Marie-Lucie Copete, Aliocha Maldavsky et Ines G. Županov (dir.) Missions d'évangélisation et circulation des savoirs XVIe-XVIIIe siècle Casa de Velázquez Language Acquisition and Missionary Strategies in China, 1580-1760 Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia Publisher: Casa de Velázquez Place of publication: Casa de Velázquez Year of publication: 2011 Published on OpenEdition Books: 8 July 2019 Serie: Collection de la Casa de Velázquez Electronic ISBN: 9788490962466 http://books.openedition.org Electronic reference PO-CHIA HSIA, Ronnie. Language Acquisition and Missionary Strategies in China, 1580-1760 In: Missions d'évangélisation et circulation des savoirs: XVIe-XVIIIe siècle [online]. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2011 (generated 02 février 2021). Available on the Internet: <http://books.openedition.org/cvz/7842>. ISBN: 9788490962466. Missions:1 6/04/11 11:05 Page 211 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND MISSIONARY STRATEGIES IN CHINA, 1580-1760 Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia Pennsylvania State University, State College I. — PROLOGUE The French Jesuit Emeric Langlois de Chavagnac (1670-1717) arrived in Guangzhou in China on 9 September, 1701. On 30 December, he wrote to Father Le Gobien in Paris, answering the latter’s query what would make a good mission- ary for China1. Chavagnac replied that after three months in China and having talked to many missionaries, he had some notions: the ideal candidate would be someone who is determined to love Christ, prepared to accommodate to a climate, customs, dress, and food completely different from those of the French nation; he admonished further2: Il ne faut point de gens qui se laissent dominer à leur naturel ; une humeur trop vive feroit icy d’étranges ravages.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the New Jersey Catholic Historical Commission January 2016 Volume III, Issue 2
    Newsletter of the New Jersey Catholic Historical Commission January 2016 Volume III, Issue 2 The Catholic Historian’s Handbook by Carl Ganz The New Jersey Catholic Historical Commission proudly announces the publication of its latest book: The Catholic Historian’s Handbook. Recognizing that there are a number of amateur historians who can make significant contributions to the field of local Catholic history, the Commission is pleased to offer a guide to assist them in doing just that. Getting started in a local history project is a challenge unto itself, and very different from the history projects that researchers may have done in school. This book was written based on input from the members of both the New Jersey Catholic Historical Commission and the Diocese of Metuchen Historical Records Commission. The goal was to gather in one place all the advice, guidance, and collective experience of the 200-plus combined years of academic service of the members of these commissions. The book’s unofficial subtitle, Everything We Wish We Knew Before Starting Our First Catholic His- tory Project, is a most apt one as we tried to embody in one short volume all the infor- mation, thoughts, insights, suggestions, and knowledge that would have helped us dur- ing our first time performing research in this field. Our goal is to allow the amateur his- torian to benefit from that experience, learning from our mistakes, so that no one The Commission’s newest publication wastes time or grows frustrated in their efforts in the field of American Catholic history. Some of the topics covered are: Inside this issue What is history? * History vs.
    [Show full text]
  • “China and the Maritime Silk Route”. 17-20 February 1991
    International Seminar for UNESCO Integral Study of the Silk Roads: Roads of Dialogue “China and the Maritime Silk Route”. 17-20 February 1991. Quanzhou, China. China of Marvels Reality of a legend Marie-Claire QUIQUEMELLE, CNRS, Paris Since that day in 53 B.C., at Carrhae in Asia Minor, when the Roman soldiers were dazzled by the bright colors of silk flags held by the Parthian army, the mysterious country associated with the production of that marvelous material, i.e., China, has always occupied a quasi-mythical place in the dreams of the Western people.1 But dreams about far away China have been very different from one epoch to another. One could say, in a rather schematic way, that after the image of a China of Marvels introduced by the medieval travellers, there came the China of Enlightment praised by the Jesuits and 18th century French philosophers, followed at the time of European expansionism and "break down of China", by China of exotics, still much in favour to this day. It may look a paradox that among these three approaches, only the earlier one has been fair enough to China, which for several centuries, especially under the Song and Yuan dynasties, was truly much advanced in most fields, compared to Western countries. It is from the Opium War onwards that the prejudices against China have been the strongest, just at the time when travels being easier to undertake, scholars had found a renewed interest in the study of faraway countries and undertaken new research on the manuscripts left by the numerous medieval travellers who had gone to China.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Eric of Pordenone Catholic.Net
    Saint Eric Of Pordenone Catholic.net A Franciscan missionary of a Czech family named Mattiussi, born at Villanova near Pordenone, Friuli, Italy, about 1286; died at Udine, 14 January 1331. About 1300 he entered the Franciscan Order at Udine. Towards the middle of the thirteenth century the Franciscans were commissioned by the Holy See to undertake missionary work in the interior of Asia. Among the missionaries sent there were John Piano Carpini, William Rubruquis, and John of Montecorvino. Odoric was called to follow them, and in April, 1318, started from Padua, crossed the Black Sea to Trebizond, went through Persia by way of the Tauris, Sultaniah, where in 1318 John XXII had erected an archbishopric, Kasham, Yezd, and Persepolis; he also visited Farsistan, Khuzistan, and Chaldea, and then went back to the Persian Gull. From Hormuz he went to Tana on the Island of Salsette, north of Bombay. Here he gathered the remains of Thomas of Tolentino, Jacopo of Padua, Pietro of Siena, and Demetrius of Tiflis, Franciscans who, a short time before, had suffered martyrdom, and took them with him so as to bury them in China. From Salsette he went to Malabar, Fondaraina (Flandrina) that lies north of Calicut, then to Cranganore that is south of Calicut, along the Coromandel Coast, then to Meliapur (Madras) and Ceylon. He then passed the Nicobar Islands on his way to Lamori, a kingdom of Sumoltra (Sumatra); he also visited Java, Banjarmasin on the southern coast of Borneo, and Tsiompa (Champa) in the southern part of Cochin China, and finally reached Canton in China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Depictions of the Spice That Circumnavigated the Globe. the Contribution of Garcia De Orta's Colóquios Dos Simples (Goa
    The depictions of the spice that circumnavigated the globe. The contribution of Garcia de Orta’s Colóquios dos Simples (Goa, 1563) to the construction of an entirely new knowledge about cloves Teresa Nobre de Carvalho1 University of Lisbon Abstract: Cloves have been prized since Ancient times for their agreeable smell and ther- apeutic properties. With the publication of Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas he Cousas Mediçinais da Índia (Goa, 1563), Garcia de Orta (c. 1500-1568) presented the first modern monographic study of cloves. In this analysis I wish to clarify what kind of information about Asian natural resources (cloves in particular) circulated in Europe, from Antiquity until the sixteenth century, and how the Portuguese medical treatises, led to the emer- gence of an innovative botanical discourse about tropical plants in Early Modern Europe. Keywords: cloves; Syzygium aromaticum L; Garcia de Orta; Early Modern Botany; Asian drugs and spices. Imagens da especiaria que circunavegou o globo O contributo dos colóquios dos simples de Garcia de Orta (Goa, 1563) à construção de um conhecimento totalmente novo sobre o cravo-da-índia. Resumo: O cravo-da-Índia foi estimado desde os tempos Antigos por seu cheiro agradável e propriedades terapêuticas. Com a publicação dos Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas, e Cousas Mediçinais da Índia (Goa, 1563), Garcia de Orta (1500-1568) apresentou o primeiro estudo monográfico moderno sobre tal especiaria. Nesta análise, gostaria de esclarecer que tipo de informação sobre os recursos naturais asiáticos (especiarias em particular) circulou na Eu- ropa, da Antiguidade até o século xvi, e como os tratados médicos portugueses levaram ao surgimento de um inovador discurso botânico sobre plantas tropicais na Europa moderna.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernard Quaritch Ltd Hong Kong
    Bernard Quaritch Ltd CHINA IN PRINT 22 – 24 November 2013 Hong Kong BERNARD QUARITCH LTD. 40 SOUTH AUDLEY STREET , LONDON , W1K 2PR Tel. : +44 (0)20 7297 4888 Fax : +44 (0)20 7297 4866 E-mail : [email protected] or [email protected] Website : www.quaritch.com Mastercard and Visa accepted. If required, postage and insurance will be charged at cost. Other titles from our stock can be browsed/searched at www.quaritch.com Bankers : Barclays Bank PLC, 50 Pall Mall, PO Box 15162, London SW1A1QA Sort code : 20-65-82 Swift code : BARCGB22 Sterling account IBAN: GB98 BARC 206582 10511722 Euro account IBAN: GB30 BARC 206582 45447011 US Dollar account IBAN: GB46 BARC 206582 63992444 VAT number : GB 840 1358 54 © Bernard Quaritch Ltd 2013 Front cover: item 5 1. AH FONG . The Sino-Japanese Hostilities Shanghai. N.p., 1937 . Album of 110 gelatin silver prints, 2 in a panoramic format approx. 2 x 7½ inches (4.7 x 19 cm.) the remainder 2¼ x 3½ inches (5.5 x 8.3 cm.), a few titled in the negatives, five images including one panorama toned red; all prints numbered on mounts according to a printed index attached at beginning of album (folded), with captions to all images and photographer’s credit ah fong photographer 819 Nanking Road Shanghai; black paper boards, the upper cover decorated in silver, depicting a city skyline ravaged by bombs and tanks with bombers and a warship, black cord tie, oblong 8vo. £3800 / HK$ 47,500 Following the Mukden (or Manchurian) Incident in September 1931, when the Japanese invaded the north-eastern part of China, the Chinese called for a boycott of Japanese goods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dharma Through a Glass Darkly: on the Study of Modern
    ‧46‧聖嚴研究 Xian, this research will make a comparative study between the travel literature works of Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian’s Fo- The Dharma Through guo-ji. This paper will be divided into two parts, the first part will a Glass Darkly: make an observation and analysis on the dialogue which occurred between Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian through their writing and On the Study of Modern Chinese will deal with the following subjects: how the dialogue between Buddhism Through Protestant two great monks were made, the way the dialogue carried on, and * the contents of the dialogue. The second part of this paper will Missionary Sources focus on the dialectic speeches which appeared in many places of the books, including: see / not to see, sthiti / abolish, past / future. These dialectic dialogues made Master Sheng Yen’s traveling Gregory Adam Scott Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Religion, Columbia University writings not only special in having his own characteristic but also made his traveling writings of great importance and deep meanings in the history of Chinese Buddhist literature. ▎Abstract KEYWORDS： Master Sheng Yen, travel literature, Fa Xian, Fo- European-language scholarship on Buddhism in nineteenth— guo-ji and early twentieth—century China has traditionally relied heavily on sources originally produced by Christian missionary scholars. While the field has since broadened its scope to include a wide variety of sources, including Chinese-language and ethnographic studies, missionary writings continue to be widely cited today; * T his paper is based on presentations originally given at the North American Graduate Student Conference on Buddhist Studies in Toronto in April 2010, and at the Third International Conference of the Sheng Yen Educational Foundation in Taipei in May 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • 14Th Sakyadhita International Conference for Buddhist Women
    14th Sakyadhita International Conference for Buddhist Women http://www.sakyadhita.org/conferences/14th-si-con/14th-si-con-abstracts... Home Conferences Act Locally Resources Contact Online Resources 14th Sakyadhita International Conference June 23-30, 2015 "Compass ion & Social Justice" Yogyakarta, Indonesia Conference Program* *Please note this program is subject to change. - Bahasa Indonesa Language Program - English Language Program - French Language Program - German Language Program Register for the 14th SI Conference Click here to register for the 14th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women. 14th SI Conference Brochure Conference Abstracts: Click here to download a brochure for the 2015 SI Conference on Buddhist Women. Additional "Compassion and Social Justice" languages below: 14th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women - Bahasa Indonesia Language Brochure Yogyakarta, Indonesia - Simplified Chinese Language Brochure June 23-30, 2015 - Traditional Chinese Language Brochure - English Language Brochure - French Language Brochure A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z - German Language Brochure - Japanese Language Brochure - Korean Language Brochure Read All Abstracts - Russian Language Brochure - Spanish Language Brochure PDF of this page - Tibetan Language Brochure Conference & Tour Details Click here for more information on the 14th SI A Conference, and tour details. Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ayya Santini Establishing the Bhikkhuni Sangha in
    [Show full text]
  • Chiński Konwertyta John Wu (Wu Jingxiong 吳經熊 , 1899–1986) I Jego Duchowy Dialog Z Religiami Chin
    Zbigniew Wesołowski Chiński konwertyta John Wu (Wu Jingxiong 吳經熊 , 1899–1986) i jego duchowy dialog z religiami Chin Nurt SVD 50/2 (140), 350-377 2016 NURT SVD 2 (2016) s. 350-377 Chiński konwertyta John Wu (Wu Jingxiong 吳經熊, 1899-1986) i jego duchowy dialog z religiami Chin Chinese Convert John Wu (Wu Jingxiong 吳經熊, 1899-1986) and his Spiritual Dialogue with the Religions of China Zbigniew Wesołowski SVD Wei Siqi 魏思齊 [email protected] Monumenta Serica Institute, Sankt Augustin, Niemcy Sinolog. Zainteresowania: filozofia i klasyczna myśl chińska – kon- fucjanizm oraz buddyzm. Członek i redaktor Instytutu Monumenta Serica (Sankt Augustin-Bonn). 1999-2012 wykładał na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Fu Jen (Tajpej); założyciel i dyrektor (2002-2012) Cen- trum Badań Sinologicznych Monumenta Serica (CBSMS) tamże. Autor licznych naukowych publikacji sinologicznych w języku angielskim, chińskim, niemieckim i polskim. Praca doktorska nt. współczesnego myśliciela chińskiego, Lianga Shuminga: Lebens – und Kulturbegriff von Liang Shuming (1893-1988). Dargestellt anhand seines Werkes Dong-Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue, Sankt Augustin 1997. Inne dzieło: Liang Shuming (1893-1988) de wenhuaguan – genju Dong-Xi wenhua jiqi zhexue yu Zhongguo wenhua yaoyi jieshuo 梁漱溟 (1893-1988) 的文化觀 根據 東西文化及其哲學與中國文化要義＞解說》 (Pojęcie kultury u Liang Shuminga według jego dzieł: Kultury wschodu i zachodu i ich filozofie oraz Główny sens kultury chińskiej, Taibei xian Xinzhuang shi, Furen Daxue chubanshe 2003). ChIńSKI KONWERTYTA JOHN WU... 351 1. Charakterystyka osoby Johna Wu i jego nawrócenie oniżej przedstawię chińskiego konwertytę Johna Wu i jego du- Pchowy dialog z trzema religiami Chin, „które w ten czy inny spo- sób przygotowały [jego] umysł na to, by poznać Prawdziwego Boga i Świętą Trójcę” (PWZ:118)1.
    [Show full text]