The Life and Literature of George Scarbrough

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The Life and Literature of George Scarbrough INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Walking the Paths of His Own Premise: The Life and Literature of George Scarbrough Randy Mackin A dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of Middle Tennessee State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Arts May 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3042218 _ ___ ® UMI UMI Microform 3042218 Copyright 2002 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Walking the Paths of His Own Premise: The Life and Literature of George Scarbrough APPROVED: Graduate Committee Major Professor Critical Reader Head of tins Department of Eg^lish X/O rcM £ Dean of the Graduate School Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract For many years the poet and novelist George Scarbrough was little known outside the area that literary circles have labeled Appalachia. But from northern Georgia to the reaches of Virginia and all the adjacent area between and alongside, Scarbrough is recognized as a writer of serious intent, a quiet and fiercely private man who has, for most of the last century and into the new millennium, tested the limits of verse and produced literature that deserves careful attention. His literary life spans seven decades of publishing: five books of verse, a novel, and hundreds of poems appearing nationwide in the best magazines. This study is an attempt to not only examine the quality of his work but to connect more than eighty years of an extraordinary life with the writing that Scarbrough has produced consistently and with great quality. It focuses, of course, on available primary and secondary material, but Scarbrough’s consent to allow the author to read and quote from his personal journals is oftentimes the thread that has enabled me to tie biography with art. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Illustrations (Following page 76) 1. Scarbrough at age thirty, 1945 2. Polk County, Tennessee, of Scarbrough’s youth, date unknown 3. Polk County, Tennessee, 2001 4. Scarbrough’s birthplace, sketch by the poet 5. Polk County’s Oak Grove School, attended by Scarbrough, date unknown 6. Team of working mules, date unknown 7. Iron Horse locomotive, date unknown 8. Train in Polk County, 2001 9. Friendship Church, Polk County, 2001 10. Headstone of Scarbrough’s parents, Friendship Church Cemetery, 2001 11. Scarbrough receiving the James Still Award, 2001 12. Scarbrough participating in panel discussion, 2001 13. Han-Shan and Shi-te, original ink, by Dylan Thomas Mackin, 2001 14. Scarbrough’s passport photo, 1951 15. Scarbrough signing book, early 1980’s 16. Scarbrough at his home, 2000 ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgments Dr. David Lavery’s careful attention to this dissertation, his suggestions, comments, and insights are beyond measure. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Will Brantley who, both through words of encouragement and instilling a desire to learn more about Southern literature, played an important role in the writing of this text. And, this dissertation is for Lynda, who, in a million different ways, made it possible. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Contents Illustrations Acknowledgments 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................1 2. Biography........................................................................................................................... 5 A. The First Poem Was about the Orchard........................................................... 5 B. I’m Going to College..................................................................................................7 C. A Horse of a Different Color.............................................................................. 14 D. Stained to Perfection.............................................................................................. 17 E. Say What You Want To......................................................................................... 21 F. Recent Years..............................................................................................................26 3. F am ily.............................................................................................................................. 33 A. Father-Made Harm ................................................................................................ 33 B. Sibling-Sized Obloquy........................................................................................... 38 C. Mother-Minded W ea............................................................................................. l 42 4. Songs of Defiance to Death.......................................................................................46 5. A Small, Comfortable World.................................................................................... 61 6. The Novel........................................................................................................................ 77 A. Language................................................................................................................... 80 B. April to September................................................................................................. 87 C. Country Knowledge................................................................................................ 91 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. D. Coming of Age..........................................................................................................92 E. Romanticizing His Youth....................................................................................101 7. Holding Han-Shan’s Hand.......................................................................................109 Appendix A: Scarbrough’s Critics........................................................................ 125 Appendix B: Interview .............................................................................................. 130 Appendix C: Publications, Awards...................................................................... 150 Bibliography............................................................................................................... 155 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction For many years the poet and novelist George Scarbrough was little known outside the area that literary circles have labeled Appalachia. But from northern Georgia to the reaches of Virginia and all the adjacent area between and alongside, Scarbrough is recognized as a writer of serious intent, a quiet and fiercely private man who has, for most of the last century and into the new millennium, tested the limits of verse and produced literature that deserves careful attention. His literary life spans seven decades of publishing: five books of verse, a novel, and hundreds of poems appearing nationwide in the best magazines. This study is an attempt to not only examine the quality of his work but to connect more than eighty years of an extraordinary life with the writing that Scarbrough has produced consistently and with great quality. It focuses, of course, on available primary and secondary material, but Scarbrough’s consent to allow the author to read and quote from
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