The Potency Of Flavonoids (Quercetin, Rutin, And Myricetin) from Elaeocarpus serratus L. Leaves as Antiosteoporosis : A Literature Review Eva Melisa Damayanti*, Neny Purwitasari and Retno Widyowati Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Background Research Questions • The prevalence of osteoporosis has affected more than 200 million 1. What are the compounds contained in the leaves of the Elaeocarpus people worldwide and in Indonesia will increase in 2050 to 5.2-11.5 serratus L. and how are the extraction and isolation methods used ? million sufferers. • Medicines for osteoporosis therapy have significant side effects 1. How is the antiosteoporotic activity of flavonoid compounds (increased risk of breast carcinoma, endometrial cancer, (quercetin, rutin, and myricetin) contained in Elaeocarpus serratus cardiovascular disease, and venous thrombosis ). L. leaves ? • Elaeocarpus serratus L. leaves contain flavonoid compounds especially quercetin, rutin, and myricetin that have antiosteoporotic activity.

Methods

Study Design •Scooping Review Inclusion • Published in the year before 2000 and •Database: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Criteria • Articles in English Language Database Schoolar, Google “chemical compound” OR “extraction and Potential documents were saved in an EndNoteX9 isolation” AND “Elaeocarpus serratus L.”; Screening and Keywords library and other were obtained by crosschecking “quercetin” OR “rutin” OR “myricetin” AND Data Extraction previously identified papers “osteoporosis” Result Database Keywords Articles Inclusion-exclusion Number Extracted Number found of of criteria data articles articles Pubmed “Quercetin” 60 Articles other than 17 Methods and 3 • Elaeocarpus serratus L. leaves contain flavonoid compounds AND English, years> 2000, results of “osteoporosis” activity tests other than activity tests (quercetin, rutin, and myricetin) which are obtained by extraction osteoporosis “Rutin” AND 20 Articles other than 9 Methods and 4 with the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. “osteoporosis” English, years> 2000, results of activity tests other than activity tests • Quercetin, rutin, and myricetin have activity in increasing bone osteoporosis “Myricetin“ 8 Articles other than 7 Methods and 3 mass by increasing osteoblast activity and decreasing bone AND English, years> 2000, results of “osteoporosis” activity tests other than activity tests resorption through decreasing osteoclast activity with range of osteoporosis Science “Quercetin” 1629 Articles other than 60 Methods and 3 dose in bellow: Direct AND English, years> 2000, results of “osteoporosis” activity tests other than activity tests  Quercetin : In vitro at a dose range of 10 nM - 5.6 mM and in vivo at osteoporosis the dose of 50 mg/kgBW/day. “Rutin” AND 623 Articles other than 11 Methods and 2 “osteoporosis” English, years> 2000, results of  Rutin : In vitro at the dose range of 10 nM - 0.8 mM and in vivo at activity tests other than activity tests osteoporosis the dose range of 10 mg/kgBW/day - 50 mg/kgBW/day. “Myricetin“ 360 Articles other than 12 Methods and 4 AND English, years> 2000, results of  Myricetin : In vitro at a dose range of 10 μM - 10 mM and in vivo at “osteoporosis” activity tests other than activity tests osteoporosis the dose range of 2.5 mg/kgBW/day - 100 mg/kgBW/day. Articles 2700 19 total

Conclussion References

Elaeocarpus serratus L. can be used as a source of raw materials in drug • Fan, S., Xiang, G., Peng, C., and Xu, L., 2018. Myricetin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through the ERK signaling pathway. Accepted Manuscript. Life Sciences. development for antiosteoporosis as shown by the data that: • Forte, L., Paola, T., Elisa, B., Massimo, G., Katia, R., Milena, F., and Adriana, B., 2015. Antioxidant and bone repair properties of quercetin-functionalized hydroxyapatite: an in vitro osteoblast-osteoclast-endothelial cell co-culture • The leaves of the Elaeocarpus serratus L. contain flavonoid study. Acta Biomaterialia, doi:10.106/j.actbio.2015.12.013 • Gera, S., Venkatesh, P., Chandraiah, G., Veerabhadra, Swamy, C., Jitendra, W., Sujatha, D., and Sunitha, S., 2020. compounds (quercetin, rutin, and myricetin) which can be obtained Rutin nanosuspension for potential management of osteoporosis: effect of particle size reduction on oral bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo activity. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, doi: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1765378 by extracting using the maceration method using ethanol solvent. • Ko, S. Y., 2012. Myricetin suppresses LPS-induced MMP expression in human gingival fibroblasts and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by down regulating NFATc 1 in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Arch. Oral Biol., 57:1623– • Quercetin, rutin, and myricetin compounds can increase bone mass 1632. • Lee, H. H., Jang, J. W., Jung, K. L., and Choon, K.P., 2020. Rutin Improves Bone Histomorphometric Values By and reduce bone resorption by involving various signaling pathways Reduction of Osteoclastic Activity in Osteoporosis Mouse Model Induced By Bilateral Ovariectomy. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Activity, doi:10.3340/jkns.2019.0097 in increasing osteoblast activity and reducing osteoclast activity. • Liang, W., Zhonghua, L., Shuhua, G., Mo, L., Junjie, D., Min, Y., Ming, Yan., Zhengxu, Y., and Zhuojing, L., 2011. Oral administration of quercetin inhibits bone loss in rat model of diabetic osteopenia, European Journal of Pharmacology, 670:317-324. • Nuhonni, S. A., 2000. Osteoporosis dan Pencegahannya. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Acknowledgements • Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S., and Hofbauer, L. C., 2011. Osteoporosis : now and the future. The Lancet, 377(9773):1276–1287. • Rassi, C. M., Michele, L., Gilles, C., Alain, P., and Giulia, C., 2005. Modulation of osteoclastogenesis in porcine bone The poster was possible because of the work of Department marrow cultures by quercetin and rutin. Cell Tissue Res., 319:383–393. • Wang, Q. L., Huo, X. C., Wang, J. H., Wang, D. P.,Zhu, Q. L., Liu, B., and Xu, L. L., 2017. Rutin prevents the Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 21:1911- 1917. Airlangga. • Ying, X., Xiaowei, C., Te, W., Wenhao, Z., Long, C., and Youjia, X., 2019. Possible osteoprotective effects of myricetin in STZ induced diabetic osteoporosis in rats. Journal Pre-proof. European Journal of Pharmacology.