Storia Naturale Della Birra

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Storia Naturale Della Birra Rob DeSalle, Ian Tattersall STORIA NATURALE DELLA BIRRA Illustrazioni di Patricia J. Wynne Traduzione di Gianni Pannofino Rob DeSalle, Ian Tattersall A Natural History of Beer © 2019 by Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersall Originally published by Yale University Press Illustrations copyright © 2019 by Yale University All rights reserved Progetto grafico e copertina: Silvia Virgillo • puntuale Immagine di copertina: iStock / Getty Images © 2020 Codice edizioni, Torino ISBN 978-88-7578-906-0 Tutti i diritti sono riservati codiceedizioni.it facebook.com/codiceedizioni twitter.com/codiceedizioni pinterest.com/codiceedizioni INDICE Prefazione Parte I. Granaglie e lieviti Capitolo 1 La birra, la natura e l’umanità Capitolo 2 La birra nel mondo antico Capitolo 3 Innovazione e nascita di un’industria Capitolo 4 Culture della birra Parte II. Elementi di (quasi) tutte le birre Capitolo 5 Molecole essenziali Capitolo 6 Acqua Capitolo 7 Orzo Capitolo 8 Lievito Capitolo 9 Luppolo Parte III. La scienza della Gemütlichkeit Capitolo 10 Fermentazione Capitolo 11 La birra e i sensi Capitolo 12 Pance da bevitori di birra Capitolo 13 La birra e il cervello Parte IV. Frontiere, vecchie e nuove Capitolo 14 Filogenesi della birra Capitolo 15 Uomini della rinascita Capitolo 16 Il futuro della birra Bibliografia annotata A Erin e Jeanne, anche se preferiscono il vino Prefazione La birra è probabilmente la bevanda alcolica più antica al mondo ed è certamente la più importante sul piano storico. Inoltre, sebbene abbia goduto, in genere, di una considerazione inferiore a quella del vino, la birra nelle sue manifestazioni migliori offre ai nostri sensi e alle nostre capacità di fruizione estetica una ricchezza per lo meno pari a quella del vino. Anzi, più d’uno ha sostenuto che la birra non solo sarebbe teoricamente e praticamente più complessa della bevanda rivale, bensì anche suscettibile di offrire una più fedele traduzione delle intenzioni dei suoi produttori. Ciò non significa, ovviamente, che il vino non ci entusiasmi… come sarà risultato evidente – speriamo – ai lettori del nostro libro Il tempo in una bottiglia. Storia naturale del vino: il vino occupa un posto unico e importantissimo nell’esperienza umana e nella nostra vita quotidiana. Questo, però, vale senz’altro anche per la birra, sebbene sia chiaro che queste due bevande, per quanto complementari, siano allo stesso tempo radicalmente diverse e meritino entrambe di essere esaminate dal punto di vista della storia naturale. Da questa considerazione nasce il presente libro, e viene alla luce nel momento giusto, visto che quasi dappertutto i bevitori di birra stanno conoscendo una vera e propria età dell’oro. Certo, il recente fermento nel campo della birrificazione artigianale si è dispiegato sullo sfondo monolitico di un mercato di massa alquanto uniforme, che vende quantità esorbitanti di birra prodotta dai giganti mondiali del settore. Tuttavia, nei circuiti più innovativi del mercato si trovano tantissime varietà di birre prodotte con straordinaria inventiva. L’abbondanza di nuove e creative proposte ha avuto l’effetto di rendere più interessante il mondo della birra, ma anche più caotico, in un’orgia di offerte pressoché incomprensibile, presentate al consumatore attraverso un sistema di distribuzione arcaico che ostacola un più ampio accesso a molti prodotti di eccellente qualità. A volte, però, un po’ di anarchia può essere stimolante. Esistono numerose pubblicazioni che possono aiutare l’appassionato a orientarsi nel caos, anche se l’arte della birrificazione evolve così in fretta che solo per tenersi aggiornati occorre un impegno a tempo pieno. Qui, però, il nostro fine è tutt’altro. Noi ci proponiamo di mostrare quant’è complessa l’identità della birra, collocandola prima nel suo contesto storico e culturale e poi sullo sfondo del mondo naturale, in cui tanto i suoi ingredienti quanto gli esseri umani – che la producono e la bevono – si sono manifestati. In corso d’opera ci occuperemo di teoria dell’evoluzione, ecologia, primatologia, fisiologia, neurobiologia, chimica e un po’ anche di fisica, addirittura, nella speranza di permettere un più intenso apprezzamento del meraviglioso liquido – paglierino chiaro, bruno-nerastro o di una qualche sfumatura intermedia – che riposa nel bicchiere che avete davanti. Speriamo che questo viaggio sia per voi illuminante quanto lo è stato per noi. La stesura di questo libro è stata un’avventura molto divertente, ma ancora più divertenti sono state le ricerche preliminari, cui hanno contribuito tanti ottimi amici e colleghi che dobbiamo ringraziare. Tra questi, in particolare, Heinz Arndt, Mike Bates, Günter Bräuer, Annis Cordy, Mike Daflos, Patrick Gannon, Marty Gomberg, Sheridan Hewson- Smith e lo University Club of New York City, Chris Kroes, Mike Lemke (che vent’anni fa insegnò a Rob DeSalle l’arte della birrificazione domestica), George McGlynn, Patrick McGovern, Michi Michael, Christian Roos, Bernardo Schierwater e John Trosky. Vogliamo poi esprimere riconoscenza anche alle nostre birrerie newyorchesi preferite. Sono tantissime, e le prime che vengono in mente sono ABC Beer Company, The Beer Shop, Carmine Street Beers e Zum Schneider, anche se persiste il ricordo affettuoso e indelebile della vecchia Blarney Castle sulla West 72nd Street, con il suo incomparabile proprietario Tom Crowe. A questo punto della nostra carriera facciamo fatica a immaginare di realizzare un libro senza l’arte e il supporto morale di Patricia Wynne, che è sempre preziosa anche come collaboratrice oltre che come illustratrice. Grazie, Patricia, è stato un gran piacere lavorare con te a questo progetto e nel corso degli anni. Alla Yale University Press siamo particolarmente in debito con la nostra cara editor Jean Thomson Black, che tanto ha patito per colpa nostra e che, con la sua energia, il suo incoraggiamento e il suo entusiastico sostegno ha reso possibile questo libro. Vogliamo esprimere la nostra gratitudine anche a Michael Deneen, Margaret Otzel e Kristy Leonard per il contributo fornito nella realizzazione e nella discussione dei contratti, nonché a Julie Carlson per le sue eccellenti abilità redazionali e a Mary Valencia per l’elegante design del libro. Per concludere, ringraziamo come sempre anche Erin DeSalle e Jeanne Kelly per la pazienza, la tolleranza e il buon umore che hanno sempre dimostrato in tutte le fasi di gestazione del libro. Parte I Granaglie e lieviti Un connubio destinato a durare Capitolo 1 La birra, la natura e l’umanità Se una scimmia urlatrice può sbronzarsi allegramente, potremo ben farlo anche noi. “White Monkey” recita l’etichetta sulla bottiglia slanciata, come se l’eponimo primate avesse davvero presieduto, con le mani sugli occhi, ai tre mesi d’invecchiamento di questa Tripel alla belga in botti usate in precedenza per il vino bianco. A occhi aperti, abbiamo allentato la gabbietta metallica, fatto saltare il tappo di sughero da champagne e ammirato le bollicine che risalivano lentamente nella Ale color ambra dorata. Il profumo delle botti era delicatamente percepibile all’olfatto, ma la birra ha investito il palato con il classico gusto armonioso della Tripel, con le tonalità dolci del malto e una finitura decadente. Ci auguriamo che l’originaria scimmia urlatrice ubriaca abbia tratto dai suoi frutti di Astrocaryum fermentati anche solo la metà del godimento da noi provato! Gli esseri umani saranno anche le uniche creature capaci di fare la birra, ma – se diamo una definizione di “birra” sufficientemente ampia – non sono i soli a consumarla. Come potrebbe spiegare qualsiasi paleontologo assetato che abbia percorso i torridi paesaggi arabi avendo come unica prospettiva per la serata quella di una blanda “pseudobirra”, l’ingrediente chiave di questa meravigliosa bevanda è l’alcol etilico. Questa molecola, però, non ha nulla di intrinsecamente straordinario; anzi, la cosa più sbalorditiva è la sua ampia diffusione in natura. La si trova in abbondanza, per esempio, all’interno di gigantesche nubi intorno al centro della nostra Via Lattea, a proposito delle quali il collega Neil deGrasse Tyson ha parlato di «bar della Via Lattea». Nel famoso bar di Guerre stellari non c’è nulla di neanche lontanamente paragonabile, dato che – secondo i calcoli di Tyson – le molecole alcoliche presenti in questa nube galattica equivarrebbero a «cento ottilioni di litri di alcol purissimo». Purtroppo, però, le molecole di alcol offerte dal Milky Way Bar sono a tal punto meno numerose di quelle d’acqua che, nell’insieme, darebbero luogo a una bevanda a 0,001 gradi. Sarà meglio, allora, cercare un po’ più vicino a casa. E se è vero che i numeri, qui sulla Terra, sono meno strabilianti, i risultati sono molto più interessanti. Come spiegheremo nel capitolo 8, i lieviti che trasformano gli zuccheri in alcol sono onnipresenti nell’ambiente e non aspettano altro che di entrare in contatto con le materie prime. Inoltre, nell’ecosistema globale c’è una grande abbondanza di zuccheri su cui questi lieviti possono agire, soprattutto in virtù del fatto che, verso la fine dell’era dei dinosauri, alcune piante hanno cominciato a produrre fiori e frutti per attrarre impollinatori e disseminatori. La palma bertam della Malesia (Eugeissona tristis), per esempio, produce grandi fiori che essudano un nettare ricco di zucchero. Questo nettare fermenta spontaneamente e viene usato per produrre una bevanda aspra con una gradazione alcolica pari a 3,8 per cento in volume, che è più o meno pari a quella della birra tradizionalmente servita nei pub britannici. Questa abbondante risorsa ha attirato l’attenzione di una notevole varietà di abitanti della foresta, ma è particolarmente amata da un nostro lontanissimo parente: la tupaia dalla coda a piuma (Ptilocercus lowii). Durante la stagione della fioritura queste piccole creature (grandi come scoiattoli) si abbuffano per ore di nettare di bertam fermentato. In una singola “seduta”, una tupaia può assumere una quantità di alcol pari a quella di due pacchi di birre da sei, e senza dare il minimo segno di ebbrezza. Meglio per loro, perché l’habitat delle tupaie è pieno di predatori, e anche solo un momentaneo rallentamento dei riflessi può rivelarsi fatale.
Recommended publications
  • Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0 1 A
    Sumerian Lexicon Version 3.0 by John A. Halloran The following lexicon contains 1,255 Sumerian logogram words and 2,511 Sumerian compound words. A logogram is a reading of a cuneiform sign which represents a word in the spoken language. Sumerian scribes invented the practice of writing in cuneiform on clay tablets sometime around 3400 B.C. in the Uruk/Warka region of southern Iraq. The language that they spoke, Sumerian, is known to us through a large body of texts and through bilingual cuneiform dictionaries of Sumerian and Akkadian, the language of their Semitic successors, to which Sumerian is not related. These bilingual dictionaries date from the Old Babylonian period (1800-1600 B.C.), by which time Sumerian had ceased to be spoken, except by the scribes. The earliest and most important words in Sumerian had their own cuneiform signs, whose origins were pictographic, making an initial repertoire of about a thousand signs or logograms. Beyond these words, two-thirds of this lexicon now consists of words that are transparent compounds of separate logogram words. I have greatly expanded the section containing compounds in this version, but I know that many more compound words could be added. Many cuneiform signs can be pronounced in more than one way and often two or more signs share the same pronunciation, in which case it is necessary to indicate in the transliteration which cuneiform sign is meant; Assyriologists have developed a system whereby the second homophone is marked by an acute accent (´), the third homophone by a grave accent (`), and the remainder by subscript numerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Imported Beer Xingu
    New Release Cabernet Sauvingnon • Moscato • White Zinfandel • Merlot Pinot Noir • Chardonnay • Riesling • Pinot Grigio Award Winning Enjoy Our Family’s Award Winning Tequilas Made from 100% Agave in the Highlands of Jalisco. www. 3amigostequila.com Please Drink Responsibly Amigos Visit AnchorBrewing.com for new releases! ANCB_AD_Hensley.indd 1 P i z z a P o r t 9/19/17 10:46 AM Brewing Company Carlsbad, CA | Est. 1987 Good Beer Brings Good Cheer Every Family has a Story. Welcome to Ours! 515144 515157 515147 515141 515142 515153 515150 515152 515140 Chateau Diana Winery: Family Owned and Operated. PRESCOT T BREWING COMPANY’S ORIGINAL PUB BREWHOUSE Established 1994 10 Hectolitre, three fermenters then, five now, 1500 barrels current annual capacity. PRESCOT T BREWING COMPANY’S PRODUCTION PLANT Established 2011 30 barrel brewhouse, 30, 60, and 90 barrel fermenters, 6,800 barrel annual capacity with room to grow. 130 W. Gurley Street, Prescott, AZ | 928.771.2795 | www.prescottbrewingcompany.com The Orange Drink America Loves! 100% Vitamin C • 60 calories per 8 oz. Available in 8 flavors • 16 oz. bottle © 2017 Sunny Delight Beverage Co. 8.375” x 5.44” with a .25 in. bleed Small Batch Big Fun World Class Kick Ass Rock & Roll Every Margarita in the ballpark Tequila! is poured with our Silver Tequila! Premium craft tequila ~ made in Mexico locally owned by roger clyne & The Peacemakers Jeremy Kosmicki Head Brewmaster Jason Heystek Lead Guitar/Barrel Maestro WE ARE FLAGSTAFF PROUDLY INDEPENDENT TABLE OF CONTENTS DOMESTIC BEER MODERN TIMES BEER .................................... 8 DAY OF THE DEAD ....................................... 12 10 BARREL BREWERY ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Beer Hunters Dry Packs Exclusiive
    BEER HUNTERS DRY PACKS EXCLUSIIVE BREWS ­ Exclusive Recipes 17 Golden Wheat Lager Goanna Special 4.80% Australia Exclusive $32.90 23 Scoሀsh Highlands Heavy Scoሀsh Ale 4.10% Belgium Exclusive $32.90 26 Canadian Brown Ale Canadian specialty 5.00% Canada Exclusive $32.90 49 Pancho Special Mexican Specialty 5.10% Mexico Exclusive $32.90 57 North Brown Ale Brown Ale 4.80% England Exclusive $32.90 64 Honey Lemon Fruit Style Beer 5.20% Australia Exclusive $32.90 80 Club Biᘀer English Biᘀer 3.90% England Exclusive $32.90 96 Canadian Creamy Ale Canadian style beer 4.80% Canada Exclusive $32.90 97 Canadian Creamy Porter Porter style beer 4.4‐4.8% Canada Exclusive $32.90 Scoሀsh Highlands 98 Export Scoሀsh ale style beer 4.50% Scotland Exclusive $32.90 Canadian speciality 100 Speciality Ale beer 4.90% Canada Exclusive $32.90 German Pilsner style 102 German Classic Pilsner beer 4.90% Germany Exclusive $32.90 103 Dark Wheat Dunkel Wheat style beer 4.70% Canada Exclusive $32.90 104 October Lager Octoberfestbier 5.20% Germany Exclusive $32.90 105 Munich Golden Munich pale ale style 4.90% Germany Exclusive $32.90 106 Bavarian Dark Bavarian Dark style 4.70% Germany Exclusive $32.90 107 Nut Brown Ale Brown Ale Style 4.30% USA Exclusive $32.90 108 Wheat Wheat style beer 4.80% Ireland Exclusive $32.90 109 Strong Biᘀer English biᘀer style 4.80% England Exclusive $32.90 112 Plzen Classic Pilsner 4.70% Czech Exclusive $32.90 120 Raj Pale Ale Indian Pale Ale 5.60% Czech Exclusive $32.90 147 Munich Helles Munich pale 4.90% Germany Exclusive $32.90 153 Scoሀsh Heavy
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Geology in the Fall and Rise of Local Brewing Alex Maltman Abstract
    The role of geology in the fall and rise of local brewing Alex Maltman Abstract. Beer has an ancient heritage and brewing was almost ubiquitous by the Middle Ages in the British Isles. It later became progressively more regional. The East Midlands had good waters, and barley from both the sandy soils on the Sherwood Sandstone and the fertile, clayey soils on the Lower Jurassic of the Vale of Belvoir. Hops were grown in the heavy soils on Mercia Mudstone of the ‘North Clays’ district, and Nottingham’s sandstone caves provided ideal storage conditions for the beer. Subsequently the water, especially at Burton upon Trent, proved ideal for the newly fashionable pale ale or bitter. Gypsiferous Triassic aquifers gave the water a perfect ionic balance for this style of beer. Moreover, the calcium sulphate allowed high hopping rates, and hence the development of the Export and India Pale Ale styles, now of international fame. By the 20th century, brewing science had showed how Burton waters could be emulated elsewhere, and the brewing industry became highly commercialised and centralised. The craft beer movement is now heralding a return to local values, including the importance of local ingredients, some of which show a geological influence. Beer is often seen as the simple quaffing drink of the beer for sale (Unger, 2005). Beer was drunk with every masses, a contrast with the sophistication of wine. In meal: the consumption was something like two pints fact, in many ways beer is the more complex drink of every day, per person. Incidentally, the brewing was the two.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient Near East Today
    Five Articles about Drugs, Medicine, & Alcohol from The Ancient Near East Today A PUBLICATION OF FRIENDS OF ASOR TABLE OF CONTENTS “An Affair of Herbal Medicine? The ‘Special’ Kitchen in the Royal Palace of 1 Ebla” By Agnese Vacca, Luca Peyronel, and Claudia Wachter-Sarkady “Potent Potables of the Past: Beer and Brewing in Mesopotamia” By Tate 2 Paulette and Michael Fisher “Joy Plants and the Earliest Toasts in the Ancient Near East” By Elisa Guerra 3 Doce “Psychedelics and the Ancient Near East” By Diana L. Stein 4 “A Toast to Our Fermented Past: Case Studies in the Experimental 5 Archaeology of Alcoholic Beverages” By Kevin M. Cullen Chapter One An Affair of Herbal Medicine? The ‘Special’ Kitchen in the Royal Palace of Ebla An Affair of Herbal Medicine? The ‘Special’ Kitchen in the Royal Palace of Ebla By Agnese Vacca, Luca Peyronel, and Claudia Wachter-Sarkady In antiquity, like today, humans needed a wide range of medicines, but until recently there has been little direct archaeological evidence for producing medicines. That evidence, however, also suggests that Near Eastern palaces may have been in the pharmaceutical business. Most of the medical treatments documented in Ancient Near Eastern cuneiform texts dating to the 3rd-1st millennium BCE consisted of herbal remedies, but correlating ancient names with plant species remains very difficult. Medical texts describe ingredients and recipes to treat specific symptoms and to produce desired effects, such as emetics, purgatives, and expectorants. Plants were cooked, dried or crushed and mixed with carriers such as water, wine, beer, honey or milk —also to make them tastier.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine, Beer & Food
    12TH ANNUAL Grand Rapids INTERNATIONAL Wine, Beer & Food FESTIVAL DeVos Place NOVEMBER 21-23, 2019 NOV 21-23 THE WINE, BEER & FOOD FESTIVAL IS PRODUCED BY WINE & FOOD FESTIVAL, LLC Red, White and all the blue you could ever need VISIT OUR BOOTH It’s where everything just comes together. Where you’re free to show your true colors. And where you can’t help but feel like you’re in a pre y great place right now. TraverseCity.com Red, White and all the blue you could ever need VISIT OUR BOOTH It’s where everything just comes together. Where you’re free to show your true colors. And where you can’t help but feel like you’re in a pre y great place right now. TraverseCity.com OFFICIAL WINE, BEER & FOOD FESTIVAL PROGRAM FOOD STAGE SPONSOR & RENDEZBREW SPONSOR Welcome to the 12th Annual Grand Rapids International Wine, Beer & Food Festival! ELITE COLLECTION SPONSOR ine & Food Festival, LLC and the Convention and Arena Authority have once again paired up to produce the largest event of its kind in the Midwest…a festival BEER CITY STATION SPONSOR just this year named one of the “Best Fall Wine Festivals In North America MAJOR FEATURE SPONSOR You Don’t Want To Miss” --Forbes.com Sept. 15, 2019 TASTING TICKET SPONSOR This year’s event once again is a celebration for your palate… • The Vineyard in the Steelcase Ballroom featuring 1,200+ wines including the “Elite PAIRINGS SPONSOR Collection” offering the finest wines at the Festival, along with expert assistance from the directors of Tasters Guild International; • Beer City Station & Cider Hall in Hall
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Beer Craft
    DRAFT BEER DOMESTIC / IMPORT COORS LIGHT BUD LIGHT DOS EQUIS AMBAR CRAFT CABIN FEVER BROWN ALE New Holland Brewing Co. // Holland, MI, USA| ABV 6.5% | IBU 25 FAT TIRE AMBER ALE New Belgium Brewing Co. // Fort Collins, CO, USA | ABV 5.2% | IBU 22 HORNY MONK BELGIAN DUBBEL Petoskey Brewing Co. // Petoskey, MI, USA | ABV 6.9% | IBU 20 DIABOLICAL IPA North Peak Brewing Co. // Traverse City, MI, USA | ABV 6.6% | IBU 67 ROTATING TAP Ask about today’s featured beer. GROWLERS (64oz.) ARE AVAILABLE ON ALL DRAFT BEER SELECTIONS Growler: $10 without fill | $5 with fill // Growler Fills: $12 domestic | $16 craft CRAFT | BOTTLED PALE ALE PALE ALE Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. // Chico, CA, USA | ABV 5.6% | IBU 37 PALE ALE Bass Brewery // Baldwinsville, NY, USA | ABV 5.1% | IBU 49 PALEOOZA New Holland Brewing Co. // Holland, MI, USA | ABV 5.8% | IBU 36 OMISSION PALE ALE {GF} Widmer Brothers Brewing Co. // Portland, OR, USA | ABV 5.8% | IBU 33 INDIA PALE ALE TWO HEARTED ALE Bell’s Brewery // Kalamazoo, MI, USA | ABV 7.0% | IBU 55 CENTENNIAL IPA Founders Brewing Co. // Grand Rapids, MI, USA | ABV 7.2% | IBU 65 HUMA LUPA LICIOUS Short’s Brewing Co. // Bellaire, MI, USA | ABV 7.7% | IBU 96 MAD HATTER MIDWEST INDIA PALE ALE New Holland Brewing Co. // Holland, MI, USA | ABV 7% | IBU 55 51K IPA Blackrocks Brewery // Marquette, MI, USA | ABV 7% | IBU 51 ROGUE YELLOW SNOW IPA Rogue Ales & Spirits // Newport, OR, USA | ABV 6.2% | IBU 70 SESSION BEER DAYTIME - A FRACTIONAL IPA Lagunitas Brewing Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Fernanda Mara De Oliveira Macedo Carneiro Pacobahyba SECRETÁRIA DA FAZENDA
    49 CÓDIGO FISCAL VALORES DE ESPÉCIE PRODUTO FABRICANTE EMBALAGEM UNIDADE DO PRODUTO REFERENCIA REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE RELVA GUARANA RELVA 03.001.0011.00082 PET UN 2,06 DESCARTAVEL 1L GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 1L REFRIGERANTES REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE RELVA LARANJA RELVA 03.001.0011.00118 PET UN 2,06 DESCARTAVEL 1L GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 1L REFRIGERANTES REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE RELVA LARANJA RELVA 03.001.0010.00201 PET UN 3,18 DESCARTAVEL 2L GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 2L REFRIGERANTES REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO CAJU 03.001.0011.00086 SAO GERALDO PET UN 4,58 DESCARTAVEL 1L GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 1L REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO CAJU 03.001.0016.00089 SAO GERALDO PET UN 1,75 DESCARTAVEL 250ML GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 250ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO LARANJA 03.001.0016.00092 SAO GERALDO PET UN 1,63 DESCARTAVEL 250ML GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 250ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO UVA 03.001.0016.00214 SAO GERALDO PET UN 1,28 DESCARTAVEL 250ML GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 250ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO CAJU 03.001.0010.00145 SAO GERALDO PET UN 5,96 DESCARTAVEL 2L GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 2L REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO CAJU 03.001.0048.00001 SAO GERALDO VIDRO UN 2,73 RETORNAVEL 600ML GARRAFA RETORNAVEL 600ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE SAO GERALDO CAJU 03.001.0023.00014 SAO GERALDO VIDRO UN 1,68 RETORNAVEL 200ML GARRAFA NS RETORNAVEL 200ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE GOSTIN GUARANA 03.001.0016.00191 SAO GERALDO PET UN 1,35 DESCARTAVEL 250ML GARRAFA PET DESCARTAVEL 250ML REFRIGERANTE REFRIGERANTE
    [Show full text]
  • Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in The
    Empire in a Bottle: Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in the British Empire, c.1870-1914 A dissertation presented by Malcolm F. Purinton to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts August 2016 1 Empire in a Bottle: Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in the British Empire, c.1870-1914 by Malcolm F. Purinton Abstract of Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University August, 2016 2 Abstract The Pilsner-style beer is the most popular and widespread beer style in the world with local variants and global brands all competing in marketplaces from Asia to Africa to the Americas. Yet no one has ever examined why this beer and not another was able to capture the global market for malt beverages. This is important from the point of view of the study of beer as a commodity, but its greater importance is in the way the spread of the Pilsner style serves as a visible, traceable marker for the changes wrought by globalization in an age of empire. Its spread was dependent not only on technological innovations and faster transportation, but also on the increased connectedness of the world, and on the political structures like empires that dominated the world at the time. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources from Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, and South Africa, this study traces the spread in consumption and production of the Pilsner in the British Empire between 1870 and 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance This Page Intentionally Left Blank Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
    Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance This page intentionally left blank Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance Richard W. Unger University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Copyright ᭧ 2004 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 First paperback edition 2007 Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Unger, Richard W. Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance / Richard W. Unger. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8122-1999-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8122-1999-6 (pbk : alk. paper) 1. Beer—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Beer—Europe—History—To 1500—16th century. 3. Brewing industry—Europe—History—To 1500. 4. Brewing industry—Europe—History— 16th century. I. Title. TP577.U54 2003 641.2Ј3Ј0940902—dc22 2004049630 For Barbara Unger Williamson and Clark Murray Williamson This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii List of Abbreviations xvii Introduction: Understanding the History of Brewing Early Medieval Brewing Urbanization and the Rise of Commercial Brewing Hopped Beer, Hanse Towns, and the Origins of the Trade in Beer The Spread of Hopped Beer Brewing: The Northern Low Countries The Spread of Hopped Beer Brewing: The Southern Low Countries, England, and Scandinavia The Mature Industry: Levels of Production The Mature Industry: Levels of Consumption The Mature Industry: Technology The Mature Industry: Capital Investment and Innovation Types of Beer and Their International Exchange viii Contents Taxes and Protection Guilds, Brewery Workers, and Work in Breweries Epilogue: The Decline of Brewing Appendix: On Classification and Measurement Notes Bibliography Index Illustrations .
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Runcorn Brewery: The Unofficial History of a Corporate Disaster DAVIDW. GUTZKE* Built by Bass Charrington, Britain’s pre-eminent brewery in the 1960s and 1970s, Runcorn was conceived as becoming western Europe’s largest brewery. Even before it opened in 1974, however, Runcorn was struck with paralysing labour disruptions, technological problems, and managerial miscalculations that would plague its history until its closure until 1991. What gave Runcorn broader significance was its role in reflecting the pervasive, but misplaced, assumptions about a new corporate culture, new technologies, the emergence of national brands, and advertising as a vehicle for replacing local consumer tastes with national markets. Oral history inter- views, local newspaper accounts, the brewing industry’s newspapers, and the brewery’s in-house magazine afford insights into Runcorn’s unwritten history. Construite par Bass Charrington, la brasserie pre´e´minente des anne´es 1960 et 1970, la Runcorn devait eˆtre la plus grande brasserie d’Europe de l’Ouest. Meˆme avant d’avoir ouvert ses portes, en 1974, la Runcorn a e´te´ victime de conflits de travail, de proble`mes technologiques et de mauvais calculs de gestion qui allaient lui empoi- sonner la vie jusqu’a` sa fermeture en 1991. Ce qui confe`re a` la Runcorn sa plus grande importance, c’est que son roˆle te´moigne des hypothe`ses omnipre´sentes mais errone´es quant a` une nouvelle culture d’entreprise, aux nouvelles technologies, a` l’e´mergence de marques nationales et a` la publicite´ comme moyen de substituer les gouˆts des consommateurs locaux par des marche´s nationaux.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitter Harvest, Bitter Beer
    Bitter harvest, bitter beer The impact of beer production and consumption on people and the environment by Alexis Vaughan Food Facts No 7 sustain the alliance for better food and farming 94 WHITE LION STREET LONDON N1 9PF tel: 020-7837-1228 • fax: 020-7837-1141 e-mail:[email protected] www:http://users.charity.vfree.com/s/sustain/ Bitter harvest, bitter beer The impact of beer production and consumption on people and the environment by Alexis Vaughan sustain the alliance for better food and farming 94 WHITE LION STREET LONDON N1 9PF tel: 020-7837-1228 • fax: 020-7837-1141 e-mail:[email protected] www:http://users.charity.vfree.com/s/sustain/ ii Published by SUSTAIN: the alliance for better food and farming - 1999 ii Beer – what is it? Ever since grain was first cultivated, probably before 5,000 BC, people have been brewing beer. As early as 3,000 BC, a sweet beer was being drunk by the Sumerians and Egyptians. Hops were first used to remove excessive sweetness in 700 AD in Bohemia and the Hallertau region of Germany, and have been used in Britain since the 15th century (see The history of hops in the UK). A typical Kent oast house used for drying hops. Most have been converted into fashionable places to live. The ingredients There are four basic ingredients to beer: malted barley, natural springs, such as Burton-on-Trent, where the hops, yeast and water. In most countries, except water produced good quality beer. Today, breweries are Germany (see The Reinheitsgebot), other ingredients set up in all locations, so to ensure that the water still are usually added, including sugar from sugar beet or produces a quality pint of beer, the water is treated with sugar cane (to increase the amount of fermentation), additives.
    [Show full text]