€ Sino-American Relations Enter a New Stage CHRONNCN,E

Home , Chen Yonggui, Kang Keqing, Li Desheng, Ni Zhifu, Su Zhenhua, Wang Chen (politician)

January 26, 1979

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Jan. 14 Premier Hua Guofeng sends a message to Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Executive Com- Vol. 22, No. 4 lonuory 26, 1979 mittee of the Paiestine Liberation Organiza- tion, greeting the opening of the 14th Pales- tinian National Councit meeting in Damascus. Thi message reaffirms China's support for the struggle of the Palestinian and other Arab people for the CONTENTS recovery of their national rights and occupied lands, and denounces the policy of aggression and expan- CHEONICLE sion pursued by the Israeli Zionists.

EVENIS & TRENDS Jan. 18 The Chinese Foreign Ministry sends a note to Bosic Toski Work of Porty's Propogondo the Vietnamese Embassy in China strongly protest- Science ond Democrocy ing against the Vietnamese authorities' continued ciispatching of armed personnel to encr6ach upon New Experimentol Forms Chinese territory leading to new bloodshed. The note demands that the Vietnamese authorities Whot the Peosonts Reolly Wont immediately stop violating Chinese territorial sovereignty. It stresses Vietnamese ls lt Sofe to Keep People in o "Sofe"? that if the authorities ignore the warnings of the Chinese Gov- Policy Towords Descendonts of Londlords ernment and continue their military provocations on ond Rich Peosonts the Chinese-Vietnamese border, the Vietnamese Gorernment will be held responsible for all the c(lnsequences arising therefrom. SPECIAT FEATURE

Reminiscences ond Prospects: Growth of Jan. l9 the Friendship Between Chinese ond The Chinese Foreign Ministry sends a note to Americon People-Wong Bingnon 9 the \tietndrnese Embassy in China denouncing the ' Vietnamese authorities for exploiting the forced, My Doys in Woshington Huong Zhen 13 - temporary suspension of traffic on the Sino-Viet- n€mese The note points Chinese Journolists' Views: lmpressions of railway to slander China. out that the stoppage is wholly the making of the the United Stotes 16 Vietnamese side. It demands that the Vietnamese Vignettes of Sino-Americon Friendship 20 authorities stop all their illegal activities on the Chinese side of the Sino-Vietnamese border railway junction, provocations ARTICTES & DOCUMENTS stop all armed against China and desist from all encroachments on China's sov- Science ond Superstition Li Honglin 23 ereignty and territorial integrity. World Opinion: Big ond- Smoll Hegemon- ism Denounced 25 Jan. 20 Premier Hua meets with Dr. C.A. Van der ROUND THE WORLD 28 Klaauw, Foreign Minister of the Netherlands. They exchange views on bilateral reiations and inter- ON THE HOME FRONT 30 national issues of common concern.

COVER: Amenicon gymnost welcoming her Chi- nese colleogue (1973).

Published every Frldoy by BEIJING REVIEW, Beijing (37), Chino Post Olfice Registrotion No. 2-9?2 Printed in the People's Republic of Chino :/. : r', :a.. :':n

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Basic Tasks ol Party's be given credit for the good Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and work they have done. Mao Zedong. We must there- Propaganda tork fore apply the universal truth of IIow to Fulfil the Tasks. An Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong With the foeus of the Party's Ribao on editorial by Renmin Thought to studying and analys- work shifted to socialist mod- the meeting raised the following ernization, the basic tasks of ing these problems and draw- points to ensure the accom- ing new conclusions. Otherwise propaganda wbrk are: Closely plishment of the basic tasks. link the universal truth of we cannot succeed in our great Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Study the Works oI Marx, cause. Thought to the great practice of Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao At present, some cpmrades the four modernizations, study Zedorg. We must not, at any in the propaganda departments and solve new problems, do our time, depart from the universal prefer to steer clear of the best to ensure that ideological truth of Marxism-Leninism- ideologieal problems actually and theoretical work moves Mao Zedong Thought, and must confronting the people. There ahead of practical work, push continue to combat any revision are, however, many ideological Mao Zedong Thought forward of Marxism from both the and theoretical problems among and accelerate the pace of "Left" and the Right. Owing to the people, and they have dif- socialist modernization. the faet that for a long time fering views concerning the pseudo-Marxists like Lin Biao Hu Ydobang, Member of the way things were done in the and the "gang of four" usurped Political Bureau and Director of past. Moreover, there were in the leadership of propaganda the Propaganda Department of the past some statements or depa.rtments, many people, es- the Central Committee of the decisions which did not conform pecially the young, uncon- Chinese Communist Party, made to the actual situation. But sciously regarded their revision- these points at a meeting of comrades doing propaganda ism as Marxism. This must be heads of propaganda depart- work dare not take up these duly corrected. ments of provincial, municipal questions or, if. they do, they and autonomous regional Party Face Reality, Study New equivocate and never commit committees, which closed on Situation, Solve New Problems. themselves. These comrades January 11. Many new problems will crop should pluck up courage, up in the course of moderniza- shatter the ideological shackles Achievemdnts in Past Two tion, for which we cannot find imposed by Lin Biao and the Years. Since the downfall of ready answers in the works of "gang of four," and make ef. the "gang of four" in October 1976, tremendous success has been achieved in criticizing the pserldo-revolutionary acts of Lin Biao and the gang and restoring the true nature of Mar:

t for ts to clear up those mislead- comrades. were persecuted. Hu few years, which adversely af- ing slogans which were preva- Yaobang pointed out at the fected the all-round develop- lent for more than a decade and meeting that Chairman Mao's ment of forestry, animal hus- which did great harm to our revolutionary line had always, bandry, 'side-line occupations theoretical and practical work. held the dominant position in and fishery. In many places, the work of the old Propaganda mulberry and fruit treies were Give Scope to Democracy. Department and on the propa- felled at nandom, bamboo groves Propaganda departments of ganda front as a whole in the were demolished and fish ponds the Party committees must years before the Cultural were filled in, all for the alleged encourage the impiementation Revolution. He stressed that purpose of expanding cropland. of the principle of "letting this department had been very The c'onsequences were deplor- a hundred schools of thought helpful to the Party doing able. contend and a hundred flowers in ideoloqical work. Participants blossom." They should uphold The blind and mechanical way in the meeting enthusiastically the principle of "three nots" of doing things prescribed by supported this decision of the not catching others' fault and the "gang of four" has been - Party Central Committee. blowing it up later, not putting gradggrlly done away with since labels on people and not using its downfall. Respect for science the big stick. Some comrades $cience and Denocraay and objective conditions and were accustomed to using the democratic discussions to solve Is it a hard and fast rule that "wiII and intentions of any problem are once again the loess highlands along the superiors" as the yardstick to getting the upper hand. middle reaches of the Huanghe distinguish between right and River (Yellow River) in north- wrong, and very oftbn a passing Last November, Renmin west China must be planted to Riboo published articles remark by a superior spelt two by food crops? A few years ago, scientists who maintained fortune or disaster for a com- that no one dared to raise this ques- stoak-breeding forestry, rade and success or failure for and tion, but now it is being dis- rather than the cultivation of a literary work. There was cussed openly in the press. no chance whatsoever for crops, are more suitable for the hilly and sandstorm-ridden those concerned to set forth 'Take grain as the key link areas along the middle reaches their own views. This is and ensure an all-round devel- of the Huanghe River where an abnormal phenomenon in opment." That policy was put 24 million people live. This inner-Party life which must be forward by Comrade Mao Ze- was followed by further done' away with right away. dong for developing China's discussions in Guangming Comrades doing propaganda agriculture. It's undoubtedly Ribao, a newspaper in Beijing work must go among the masses correct for the nation as a devoted mainly to'culture and and help solve problems through whole. If efforts are not made science. More and more people democratic discussion, reason- to increase grain production in are taking part in the discus- ing and persuasion. the first place to feed B00 mil- sions which are still going on. lion people, the growth of the "Palace of King of Heil" Is a national economy would be out Many scientists have cited Slander. The meetihg announced of the question. facts prove that .this vast the Party Central Committee's to loess region of 370,000 square decision to restore the good When the "gang of four" held kilometres was covered with name of the old Propaganda sway, they quoted Chairman grass- Department of the C.P.C. Mao out of context and forced dense forests and lush Central Committee before the people to follow mechanically lands about 500 years ago. Great Cultural Revolution. In without the least regard for Later. however, owing to the 1966, I.in Biao, Chen Boda and spec.ific'conditions. Whoever wilful opening up of land for their cohorts slandered this disobeyed would be considered a the cultivation ol crops against propaganda department as a heretic and would be subjected the law of nature. not only "Palace of the King of Hell" to ruthless attacks and persecu- stock-breeding and forestry suf- and declared that it must be ,tion. This accounted for the fered, but agriculture went from smashed. As a result, a good one-sided emphasis on "taking bad to worse. Today, the shift- number of cadres and leading grain as the key link" in the last ing sands of the desert to the

Beijing Reuiew No. 4 rr$. north have moved south and the tion policies must take Iocal con- Hunan Province south of the climate has changed too. Added ditions into consideraJion. They Changjiang (Yangtze) River. to this is an ever-increasing all agree that we should under- Their task is to studY and solve amount of silt in the Huanghe stand Chairnian Mao's teachings scientific and economic Problems River resulting from soil erosion in a comprehensive and accurate in the course of farm moderniza- and water losses. This poses a. way, and not mechanically appiy tion in different areas and to serious threat to the lower them irespective of time and popularize the results gained in reaches of the river. What place. Scientists from various their research work. should. be done to cope with this fields and people of different China has a vast territorY ex- situation ? trades have to date enthusias- tending for more than 5,500 made many rational press tically kilometres from north to south, Recent reports show suggestions to transform the villages the area straddling 49 degrees of lati- that a few in aforesaid loess highlands. have succeeded in bringing in tude. Its terrain and soil are good harvests over the years. Commenting on the current as varied as its climate. , To How did they do it? Gaoxigou, discussions, Renmin Ribao modernize its farm work which a hilly village in northern pointed out: "To speed up the still relies mainly on manual Shaanxi Province, grves the four modernizations, it is im- labour. much remains to be done answer. Soil erosion and water perative to give play to socialist over a long period of time. Of Iosses there once seemed to be democracy, an important aspect major importance is the develoP- getting out of control. In 1958 of which is to encourage scien- ment of agricultural science it began to tackle the issue in tists and technicians to give their which, as was clearly defined at earnest. It decided to reduce the opinions and make suggestions. the National Science Conference area planted to food crops Even though some of their pro- held in March last Year. is one and allocate more manpower to posals may disagree with cer- of the eight leading disciplines in planting trees and raising cattle tain existing principles and China's science and technologY and sheep. Last summer a rain- policies, we must fully diseuss having a vital bearing on the storm hit the area. The crops and study them and accept those nation's future. in the neighbouring villages that are scientifically. sound and Work has started in these the quite were washed away and correct. It is natural that research centres. A comPrehen- may reservoirs were filled with silt, some of their suggestions sive survey of local natural con- but Gaoxigou was not affected be imperfect or incorrect. In ditions and resources has been at all thanks to its sustained ef- that.case. we shouid help amend made and short as well as long- in planting trees and grow- When views forts and correct them. term research plans worked out. ing grass over large tracts of differ, solutions should be found Among the exPeriments now village we act land. The streams in the through discussions. If under way are: remained as clear as ever and in this way, our minds will be did not carry silt or sand into emancipated and things will o A system of cultivation that the Huanghe River. Until 1958, become more lively." is suited to farm mechanization peasants here gathered in a lean and will give high and stable harvest every year despite their llew Experimental Farms yields, with iow cost and high toil and moil. Over the last two efficiency. part nation's effort decades, they have gradually As of the and in- water reduced the acreage under the to modernize agriculture r Soii amelioration, three agri- various crops and though the crease farm. output. control and soil fertiiitY. cultural research centres have cultivated area is now only one- strains of been set up by the Chinese o Breeding of fine third of what it was previously, and Academy Sciences co- sheep, cattle and horses total output has increased of in provincial agricultural Plants. sevenfold. This and the income operation with three in 'Hailun from forestry and livestock authorities, One is o Application and PoPulariza- breeding have substantially im- County in northeast China's tion of nerv agro-techniques- proved the peasants' livelihood. Heilongjiang Province, the other is in Luanxian County in north o Agricultural economY, rural Participants in the current China's Hebei Province, and thef energy resources and mechaniza- discussions stress that produc- third in Taoyuan County in tion <>f animal husbandrv.

January 26, 1979 that lhe Peasanls Brigade in Jiangyin County of their village and make a Iiving Jiangsu Province has a big pop- elsewhere. The tendenc? to- fleally ttant ulation but little land, averag- wards capitalism and to get rich A report on the tremendous ing only one-twentieth of a in this way grew, and neither changes in an east China pro- hectare per person. Although criticism nor order:s against such duction brigade in the last 15 the peasants in some 200 house- practice could stop it. Many years was frontpaged in Renmin holds there got organized after who had left said: "I won't Riboo recently. Entitled "The liberation, they tept to the return unless I can earn more 'Kind of Socialism the Peasants monoculture of grain and the from collective farming than Want," it said that the report result was they could not rid going it alone." Even the girls gave young in many important pointers themselves of the poverty of old refused to marry men how things should done Huaxi which they said scorn- on be days. A year's toil only earned in the countryside.. fully was a "tired-todeath" 60 yuan for each peasant on the production brigade. Like many other villages in average. This compelled some China, the Huaxi Production able-bodied peasants to leave The Party branch realized that to make the peasants like the socialist system, the most effective way '.vas to make the collective economy prosper and the life of the peasants better and better. In 1964, the production bri- I gade worked out a l5-year plan s fpr developing a diversified E E economy. In the face of the unsavoury practice of engaging ffi & in empty talks about "socialism #.r.e,],tig;" is good" but actually doing nothing for its iealization, as was advocated by the "gang of four," the brigade members 6T have worked hard over the ,.!i" years *.;:ri. and achieved c,onsiderable success. Today, its grain output has jumped to 20 tons per heetare Huaxl 5aig36e members doing lab work. as against only 2 in the past. Income from its 30-odd indus- tries and side occupations account for 78 per cent of the total. With the earnings the brigade has purchased more than ?0 farm machines including tractors, and the living standard of its members has improved too,. averaging 220 yuan a year for each. The growth of the collective economy has made it possible New houses in lfuaxi. for the brigade to impr5ve the

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6 Beiiing Reoieut No. 4 EFffii*-EY*Iei,:-i:'irr:'i1".' welfare of its members. Among ls lt Sale to f,eep company watching the film other things they have to pay r'$ale"? immediately turned it off. This only half the expenses for People in a was an instance of how these medical treatment, while the The showing of the Japanese people reacted. supply of vegetables and tuition fllm Yearning for Home Pto- The controversY that ensued for primary and secondary duced repercussions across the from the showing is significant school education are free. All land. There were divergent because it .involves something this was quite inconceivable in views: Some approvod of its more than the film itself. the past. In addition, many new showing, while otherc oPPosed houses have been built, with it. For years, the "gang of four" each member entitled to 20 forbade people to read ancient "It's all right for the old Peo- works square metres of floor space. and foreign literarY ple to see it. But it's not good described as The disabled and the aged are which they for the young people to know "feudal, bourgeois and revision- well cared foi by the collective. about the brothel and other ist." The result was dePlorable. societY." That While strictly adhering to the vices of the old Many students did not know was how a section of the principle of more pay for more PeoPle who was Charles Dickens and felt about it. work, Huaxi has taken meas- quite a few mistook Shake- speare for the name of a ures to guard against polariza- Others disagreed. "The Young Place. They knew nothing about con- It has greatly improved should see and know more about tion. temporary w6rld literature, and collective welfare for aII i6 the world," they said. "This mind and helP seeing a film like Yearning for members and at the same time will enrich the distinguish right from Homc was, of course, quite un- gives more material help to them it wrong and good from evil, and imaginable. Now that the ban households in need. As a those this is beneficial to our sociatrist has been lifted with the down- result, the enthusiasm of the cause. So the showing of this, fall of the gang, what kind of peasants has soared, those who film is all to the good." 'see?films should the Young PeoPle left have returned, the collec- What literarY works describes the miser- tive spirit has gained the upper The film should be available to them? able lives of Japanese hand and the socialist system in Prostl- tutes in Southeast Asia in the At a discussion meeting spon- Huaxi is now more consolidated first 30 years of this century sored by the Peking Television than ever. Once nicknamed the and revealF how Japanese cap- Station, an editor of Zhongguo "tired-to-death" brigade, Huaxi these young Qingnian 'Bao gave italists batten on fer -yiews is now euphemistically called girls who have been abducted ' which many shared' Young the "happy" brigade. Even the and sent overseas to become people, she said,.a should not be young girls for miles around are prostitutes. By depicting ths 'locked up in "safe"' so to now willing to marry and settle sufferings of the humiliated and speak, because that would not though down there. downtrodden, it is a cansure of make them immune the irrational social system. they might seem to be "100 per Commenting on what had Moreover, the film is of a high cent.pure'" They would not be taken place in Huaxi, Renmin artistic standard which should. able to distinguish between Riboo noted: Empty talks are be of interest and value to good and bad and cope with the worthless. What the people Chinese film producers. complexities of the world, and weather anY want is welfare undertakings therefore could not Those who objected to its that the which really benefit them. The storms. She suggested showing held that certain Parts young people strould be allowed most effective way to combat of the dialogue and Plot reflect- to read all kinds of literarY capitalist tendencies is to build would ing scenes in the brothel works, ancient and modern -as solid material base and at the influence among a "have a bad well as Chinese and foreign. same time enlighten the peas- the young people." When the ants politically and ideologi- scene showing the leadin$ fe- She added that it was under- cally. This is the valuable ex- male character insulted in thec standable for some Parents and perience gained by the Huaxi brothel appearE on television, well-intentioned peoPle to have Production Brigade. the commander of a P.L.A. misgivings about the bad effects &- - ':; ;. s,e,&{gy-EEsx"1.+*.,. . .r' 'o : .-1--. -i. ,

January 26, 1979 of certain literary works. She origin in judging a person was they should not be classified as stressed that newspapers and not implemented. The result coming from families of ex- magazines should make proper was the sons and daughters of ploiting classes, still less should assessment of Iiterary and art exploiters were treated on a par they be looked upon as exPloit- works so as to give guidance to with the exploiters themselves. ing-class eiements. the readers. particularly the Descendants of former landlords There is no denying the fact young people, to assimilate what and rich peasants. including that the Party's policy cannot is useful and discern and criti- those born after liberation, were be put into practice in some cize what is not. discriminated against and de- places. Some cadres, who have prived of the right to take paft been deeply infiuenced by the Some foreign "observers" in political activities. They were "like father, Iike son" theory considered the republication of barred from the Communist spread by Lin Biao and the a number of foreign literary Party, the Communist Youth "gang of four," think that it is works in China and the release League, and senior middle safer to be "Left" than to be of some loreign films as "liber- schools and schools of higher Right. In their eyes, descend- alization" and "a new policy." learning. Thus isolated, these ants former landlords and This is misleading, for as early of descendants felt that they were rich peasants are inferior to or- as 20 years ago Chairman Mao the depressed.classes and there dinary peasants and to be harsh criticized the policy of forbid- was place, no for them in the to them onl5,' demonstrates ding people to get into contact new society. their firm "proletarian stand." with foreign things. He said: Now they got a new lease of ''It is a dangerous policy. . . . It The Renmin Eibao com- The policy is now will lead to mental deteriora- Iife. Party's mentary said: "This kind of being correctly implemented. As tion, one-track minds, and un- thinking does not conform to long as they support socialism, preparedness to face the world Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong they are no longer diseriminated and meet challenges." and ,Th" against. Greatly moved, the Thought. Since the sons policy, therefore, is not new, but three peasants said in their let- daughters of former iandlords one that was not implemented ter: "Like parched sprouts re- and rich peasants live on their in the past few years. vived by rainwater'. we are now own labour, it is quite obvious so happy." that they must not be equated with landlords and rich peasants Policy Towards llescendants The Party's policy towards descendants of former exploit- who exploited other people. . landlords and 0l [ich ers is very clear: "Class or It is better to have more people Peasants family origin is taken into con- in building socialism. If we sideration, but it's not the sole, exclude these descendants, dis- Three peasants in northeast decisive factor. The emphasis criminate against thern econo- China's Heilongjiang Province, is on a person's political stand." mically and politically, or Push all descendants of former land. Therefore, these children should them over to the enemy's side, lords or rich peasants, wrote a be united so iong as they sup- it will only benefit the ene'mY." letter to Heilong jinng Ribao port socialism and draw a clear telling about their ups and political demarcation line be- downs before and after the tween themselves and their smashing of the "gang of four." parents who were exploiters. The letter was reprinted in Renmin' Ribao with a com- There is another factor which mentary "Take a Correct At- should not be neglected. Most titude Towards Descendants of of these people are grand- Landlords and Rich Peasants." chiidren dr great grand-children of the landlords or rich In the days wtren Lin Biao peasants. They were born after and the "gang of four" held the'founding of New China and sway,. the Party's policy of ,their parents, generally speak- putting the stress on one's polit- ing, are no longer exploiters. ical stand rather than on class According to the Party's policy.

Beijing Reuieta No. 4 $Eent F$rull Reminiscences and Prospects Growth of the Friendship Between Chinese and American People by Wang Bingnan

rTtHE establishment of diplomatic ties between Although some have passed away without seeing r China and the Unit€d State on New Year's the abundant fruits of their efforts, they live Day, 1979, has ended their abnormal relations for ever in our hearts as true friends of the of nearly 30 years. There is now big scope for Chinese people. the two great peoples living on either side of Because of my work in Nanjing, Wuhan the Pacific Ocean and having traditional friend-' and Chongqing in the 30s and the 40s, I had ship to concert their efforts to develop friend- many opportunities to make ,friends with ship and state relations and to win peace, pros- Americans and I was particularly lucky to have perity and progress for this region and the been with Comrade Zhou Enlai when he was world as a whole. This is a major event of im- meeting American friends. Comrade Zhou liked mediate and far-reaching historic significance. and admired, Americans very much. He often It conforms to the wishes of the two peoples said that Americans were warmhearted, open- and is warmly acclaimed by peace-loving people minded, active, not bound by formalities and and countries the world ,over. enterprising. He found making friends with Remember Those Wlro Dug the Well Americans quite easy and among his foreign While we are celebrating the normalization friends, Americans were the most numerous. of Sino-U.S. relqtions which the two peoples In those years when the Chinese people were have been working for over the years, and while in dire circutmstances and the Chinese revolu- we are looking back over the tortuous course of tion was still in travail, many American frionds its development, I cannot help recalling with sincerely sympathized with and supported us. deep respect and love Chairman Mao and Pre- They overcame tremendous difficulties and mier Zhou who had paved the way for develop- obstacles, gave the lie to reactionary prop- ing Sino-U.S. relations. Their confidence in, Chairman Mao, Vice-Chairman Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Chief of Staff Ye Jianying with John Emmerson, member of the U.S. army observers friendship for and high gronp in Yanan in October 19{4, appraisal of, the great American people, their sincerity and their pa- tience, their principled 9,'ii; :; r ::r';.: t*.fjr.i*iifi . : stand and their farsight- fli, . sT,Tffi*r;r'': ' edness over the issue of r r':1", :'';1J:ti I : improving Sino-U.S. rela- ryl t,ff t,.* tions are etched in my memory for ever. I also deeply cherish the memory of all those American people who, over the long years, had made tremendous contributions to the triendship of the Chinese and 'American peoples.

The author is President of the Chinese People's As- sociation for Friendship With Foreign Countries.

January 26, 1979 S?ECIAT FEAIUTE ti ';. Americaniifriends, Ed- gar Snbw included, with Qhairmin Mao, Premier Zhott and Chairman Zhu De oI the Standing Commit- tee of the National Peo- ple's Congress, is a moving chapter in the annals of friendship between the Chinese and American,peoples. Among Comrade Zhou Enlai's friends in those days were many Ameriean correspondents, whom he met frequently. They sent Zhou .Enlai (second from right) talking with American out objective reports friends. John Service (left) of the U.S. Embsssy In Chlng. about the anti-Japanese Eighth Route and agarlda, to acquaint the people of. the Upited New Fourth Armies, about the border area States and the rest of the world with the truth governments being models in upholding about the Chinese Communist Party's fight democracy and unity, about the leading against Japanese aggression and the democracy cadres of the Central Committee sharing it practised. Edgar Snow's tolrr of northern weal and woe with their people. Their reports Shaanxi in 1936 at the risk of his life and the played an important role in helping the world subsequent publication of his Red Star Ooer public, the American people in particular, to China is a case in point. Red Star Ooer China, understand the truth about China. Their spirit like a ray of sunshine piercing through dark of seeking and disseminating truth, their keen clouds, showed the people of China and the rest insight and unbiased attitude impressed us of the world that there was a completely nev/ profoundly. world inside China. Ttre book's influence is Comrade Zhou Enlai also made many still felt far and wide. The two progressive friends arnong U.S. officials whom he came into American women writers, Anna Louise Strong contact with. They included Generhl Joseph and Agnes Smedley, gave enthusiastic sup W. Stilwell, Commander of the China- port and contributed vastly to the Chinese Burnia-India war zone, who supported the Chi- revolution. We shall never forget this. The nqse Communist Party in its War of Resistance profound, lifelongfriendship of these Against Japan and its opposition to the corrupt and degenerate Chiang Kai-shek "t regime;. Colonel Evans Carlson who at first had some quite un- founded ideas about the Chinese Communist Party but, after visiting the border areas, changed and became very active in informing the world of what was going on in the liberated areas. There were also a U.S. army observers . group which President Roosevelt sent to Yanan in 1944, and U.S. officials and military personnel in China. To get to know the real situation, many of them went to great trouble to get to our border areas. Some risked their lives Former site ot U.S. army observers group in yan8n. perforaming their duties. We saved

10 tseijing Rer:ieus No. 4 SFECIAI FEA?URE some when they were in danger, but sornb lost their lives. Many American friends oJ',, the Chinese people were persecuted and ostracized during the period of McCarthyism, but they^ stuck to the truth and stood uncowed. Our oltl friend John Service is an outstanding example.

A Tortuous Poth The profound friendship and miitual understanding forged between the Chinese p,e+ ple, represented by Chairman Mao and Prg- mier Zhou, and the American people in thos€ year':s have laid down a solid foundation for the golden bridge .of friendship between the Chinese and American peoples tqday. Tlre friendship withstood the severe tets of thoee years when relations between the two countries became abnormal. This demonstrated that the Chinese and American peoples thought and felt alike. Beginning in 1955, I was entrusted by our .represent government to the Chinese side in negotiations with the U.S. Government. I knew Edgar Snos revisits Baoan in 1971. very well how sincere and patient our government, Chairman Mao and Premier.Zhou were the American people. Chairman Mao said that . in improving relations between the two coun- the question of Taiwan would have to be re- tries. Following Chairman Mao's strategic idea, solved some day and that we . could wait for Premier Zhou issued a statement during the 10, 20 years, or even 100 yeans, but an early Asian-African Conference held in Bandung solution would be more in the interests of both in April 1955, which reads in part: "The countries than a late one. In dealing with Sino- Chinese people are friendly to the Ameri- U.S. relations and the question of Taiwan during can people. The Chinese people do not want his interview with Edgar Srioyr in 1961, Chair- war with the United States. The Chinese man Mao said it was our view that questions Government is willing to sit down and enter existing between countries should not be settled into negotiations with the U.S. Government." by war. . . . the Americans were squatting in The Sino-U.S. negotiations began first in Taiwan but we would not go to war; we want Geneva and then in Warsaw. It dragged on for to settle the question through negotiations. He nine years 100 and over sessions were held, but added that ttre question had existed for 11 years no agreement be reached a substantial could on already and it might' continue for another 11 question the question of Taiwan. Never- - years or an additional 1l years, but these would theles^s, Premier Zhou pointed out at the time add up to only'33 years; He predicted that the that through these contacts, the two sides were question'would prolably be se{tled in 32 years. coming to understand each other's views, and Now; the guestion eqnderning Sino-U.S. rela- this was useful, and that such an unofficial tions has;been settled in 29 years, three years channel for contact between two big coun- earlier than' Chairman Mao had predicted. tries like China and the United States was Today, when I recall the words of Chairman indispensable. In 1958 Chairman Mao told Mao and Premier Zhou I feel particulprly me to make it clear to the U.S. repre- moved. sentative at the negotiations that the United States is a big country and that China is not The bneakthrough in the ,long ambassa- small either. He asked me to persuade the U-S. dorial talks oceurred in 1971, and in the follow- Government not to stand in opposition to the' ing year the two countries issued the Shanghai Chinese people merely over the question of Communique. At this point, the door was par- Taiwan. He also instructed me to uphold prih- tially opened to the normalization of Siiro-U.S. ciple and pay attention to the way our views relations, Ttre long years of tornplete estrange- were presented, so as not,&o,hurt the feelings of ment between the Chinese people and the Ameri-

Januarg 26, 1979 11 ship Association was set up in 1974. We eomrades working in the Chinese People's Association for Friendship With Foreign Cciun- tries are profoundly impressed by the untiring efforts made in recent years by old and new friends in the U.S.-China Peoples Friend- ship Association bo inform people about New China, to promote understanding and friendship between the two peoples and to strive for normalization of relations between the two countries. There are countless instances of their friendship for the Chinese people, their dedication and^their Premier Hua, at his De-cember 16, 1978 press Gonfere[ce, moving deeds in promoting the reads out the ioint communique on the establishmenl cause of Sino-American friend- of Sino-U.S. diplomatic relations. ship. What a lot our friends have done for the normalization of can people wer€ ended. 'The latent friendship relations between our two countries! people Chinese people of the American for the Brood Vistos surfaced and surged up like a mighty wave. New friends pnd old friends, a stream of of- Today the door to friendly intercourse be- ficials, Congressmen and people from all tween the Chines-e and American peoples is wide walks of life have come to visit China: Many open. The long tortuous path has come to an of them have written articles, given talks end and the prospect is bright. The broad vistas and shown film slides upon their return,' in- ahead for friendly contacts between the Chinese troducing Chiira and its people who have been and American peoples fill me with confidence estranged from the American people for so and hope. many years. Local organizations for friendship First, both China and the United States with China mushroomed in various parts of the consider establishment of diplomatic relations United States. The U.S.-China Peoples Friend- between the'm from a global point of view. Our Ieaders have repeatedly affirmed that the establishment of Sino- Deng Xiaoping at the reception given by Mr. Leonard U.S. diplomatic relations is not'a Wooalcock, Chief of U.S. Liaison Office in Beljing. Ihe Vice-Premibr wilt visit the Uniteil States from diplomatic question but a political .Ianuary 29. question. The Chinese Govern- ment has always considered Sino- U.S. relations from a long-term political and strategic pornt of view. In announcing the estaL lishment of Sino-U.S. diplomatic ties, President Carter declared: "We do not undertake this important step for transient tactical or expedient reasons." This is a farsighted view. In our contacts with other countries or while seeking friendship with them, we have frequently spoken of the need to seek common ground on major issues while reserving differences on minor ones. I think this also'applies to handling Sino-

Beijing Reoieu No. 4 SPECIAT FEATURE

U.S. relations. Although the social systems spect, the United States is leading in many fields of China and the United States are dif- and I am sure we have much to learn from it. ferent and there are many divergences of basic principles between them, the two Third, the establishment of Sino-U.S, countries have many points in common on diplomatic relations has opened up vast vistas political questions and on questions of global for friendly intercourse and. c+-operation between the'two peoples in many fields and has strategy. .Combating hegemonism and defend- swept away- certain obstacles which stood in ing world peace this is the most salient point - their way. This makes it possible for them to we have in common. Chairman Mao said that eontribute nl-ore to developing their relations. China and the United States were duty-bound The Chinese Feople's Association for Friendship to safeguard world peace. And now the two With Foreign'' Countries is ready 1o do itS best countries should shoulder this responsibility. to promote friendly intercpurse between the . The establishment of Sino-U.S. diplomatic rela- twq. peoples so that their friendship will develop tions is in the interests of the struggle against from generation to generation. both global hegemonism and regional hegemo,n- ism, and it will positively influence the develop- Vice-Premier Deng Xiaoping will soon visit the United States and he will the first ment of the international situation. be Chinese leader to do so since the founding of Second. as the Chinese people are today the People's Republic. He will take the 900 marching to.wards the modernization of agricul- million Chinese people's friendship and cordial ture, industiy, national defence and science and regards to the American people and his visit technology, we need a peaceful international will further enhance mutual understanding and environment and must learn from those coun- friendship between the two peoples. We wish tries which are advanced in science and' tech- Vice-Premier Deng's visit to the United States nology. industry and agriculture. In this.re- evely success.

My Doys in Woshington

by Huang Zhen

rft HE Spring Festival, or Chinese lunar New ernments and people of the two countries have I Year, has always been a happy and joyous done a tremendous amount of fruitful work to occasion for the Chinese people. This year the promote normalization. The establishment of occasion calls for more joy because it diplomatic relatiohs between China and thd falls on January 28, four weeks after full diplo- United States not only gladdens the two peoples matic relations between China and the United on either side of the Pacific, but-also has the States were established and Vice-Premier Deng admiration and the support of all peace-loving will visit Washington D.C. on the second day countries and people of the world. of the lunar New Year. We feel happier when Hoppy Memories we recall that this development in Sino-Ameri- can relations was thd result of the efforts of'the As we write this new chaptgr in the history friendshlp, naturally late Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou on the of Sino-American I think back to the time when I ,was the Chinese Chinese side and Mr. Richard Nixon, then Ambassador to France in 1972. On many oc- President of the United States. Since the 1972 casions I met in Paris with $ty U.S. counterpart, Shanghai Communique was pubtrished, the Gov- Ambassador Watson. These con{acts were very useful in promoting .the relations between The authoi formerly Head the Chinese is of our two countries. In March that year, the two Liaison Office in the Q-nilp.$, $tates, and now Minister of Culture. Governments agreed on Paris as the venue for

January 26. 1g7g 13 SFECIAT FEAIURE

associate the flourishing of this flower with the bright prospects for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries? We were, of course, fa- vourably impressed by the United States' fertile plains, magnificent landscapes. advanced science and teehnologY, developed industry and highly productive farnx, but above all our deepest and n-ever-tGforget impression is the friendshiP of its people for the Chinese Peo- ple. Every time our cars at the banquet ror the stopped at a gas station dur- ''""i:ruo'*1"'oi:'"T:"*"' ing our tour of the Mid-west in the early winter of 1974, and their representatives to meet. Mr. Watson and when the attendants learnt that we were from I had our first meeting on March 10 at the Chi- the Pebple's Republic of China, people rushed nese Embassy on Avenue George V. Through over, exprqssing their friendship for China. this channel, arrangements were made in April While visiting factories in Chicago, Detroit and for a visit to China by Messrs. Boggs and Ford, Pittsburg, w6rkers came up to us, smiling and then Majority and Minority Leaders of the U.S. friendly. When we chatted, they told us about House of Representatives. They arrived in Bei- their work and their lives. A group of General jing in June that year together with their party Motors workers on their way to work once sur- and were received and feted by Premier Zhou. rounded us in a happy throng to ask us how we My mission to the United States lasted five were getting on. Another time, two Ford auto- years, which, it may be said, were five years of mobile workers nodded and shouted to us: friendly association with American people from "Long live Chairman Mao!" all walks of life. Our American friends con- Another unforgettable incident concerned siderately co-operated with us in practically some U.S. farmers, who, in their unpretentious everything we did. I recollect clearly many and'profoundly moving way, sent sweet corn to of them. When the Chinese Liaison Office was the Chinese Liaison Office. They had gone to first set up, we lived and worked in the May- all the trouble to ask the U.S. State Department flower Hotel. The management and other mem- for our address. bers of the staff did everything they could to enable us to carry out our duties smoothly and An tnevitoble Historicol Trend live comfortably. The Mayflower Hotel was, as The establishment of Sino-U.S. diplomatic a Chinese saying has it, a home away from home. relations is an inevitable trend of historical If I were to speak about all the help we got development. The Goverrtments of both coun- from our American friends in erecting the office trio, in strengthening their friendly ties, have building and living quarters for our Liaison taken the overall. global strategy into account Office, I could go on for ever. Here I will cite and, in establishing diplomatic relations, have only one instance. When we were about to viewed things from the angle of preserving move into our new premises, Mrs. Boehm, an world peace and stability. Speaking on U.S. artist; and Senator Mike Mansfield sent uS two foreign policy before Congress on April 10, gifts an evergreen tree and an azalea. The 19?5, President Ford said: "stability in Asia evergreen,- naturally. was symbolic of perennial and the world require our constructive rela- Sino-American friendship, while the azalea, tions with one-fourth of human race after two profoundly significant, is a flowering plant decades of mutual isolation and hostility. We which grows in'profusion in China south of the have in recent years built a promising founda- Changjiang (the Yangtze). It was introduced tion. Deep differences in our philosophies and into America where it has taken root and is now social systems will endure. But so should our blooming on American soil. How can one not mutual long-terpq inlerests and the goals to

14 Beiiing Reuieus No. 4 SPECIAT FEATURE

which our countries have jointly subscribed in and Representatives, Republican or Dem- Shanghai." ocrat, and with friends in various circles, Senator Mike Mansfield in his report to the I came to know of aII the many beneficial things Senate Foreign Relations Committee: on his they had done towards normalization. Many China visit said on January 29, 1975: "The fact U.S, politicians have worked towards the es:- that must be faced is that we cannot have it tablishment of diplomatic relations between both ways. We cannot strengthen our ties with their country and mine. I would like to take a claimant government of China on Taiwan and, this opportunity to extend to them my best at the same time, expect to advance a new re- wishes ! lationship with the Government of the Peo- ple's Republic of China.'l He added: ". We More Culturol Erchonges are now confronted with a last major hurdle 'question Chinese told me the tour to normalization, that is, the of artists have about the Chinese Performing Troupe made the Taiwan. We have yet to face the Taiwan Art of issue, but if full normalization is to return in United States from last June to August. They gave p€rformanc:e-s Sino-U.S. relations, as it has in the relations 30 before a total budience of a hundred other nations with China, this of 130,000 in five U.S. cities: New York, issue will have to be met. As it is now, our Washington, Minneapolis, San Francisco and performance. official relations with the nation containing one- Los Angeles. This tour, besides ,American quarter of the world's people, are condUcted by evokin! strong interest among the people means of Liaison Offices in the two countries." in the Chinese culture and art, also provided an opportunity for them to express On 10, 1976, August Senator Scott told the their good will'for the Chinese people. Some U,S. Congress: "Governor Carter's statements people in the United States said that for many on his China policy wishes only reinforce my years, our two peoples had no opportunities to view that there is very wide support for move- meet, although we have many things in common. .ment towards normalization of U.S. diplomatic The American people, they noted, wish very relations with the People's Republic of China, much to get to know the Chinese people, and the even if doing so involves severing diplomatic troupe's going there to pe.rform was building a ties with our friends on Taiwan. I hold the bridge for the two peoples. It was heartening view that early in 1977 we should press the pro- to hear what P:esident. Carter said to members cess of cutting this Gordian knot, through of the Chinese troupe whom he received in the mutual search for acceptable formulae." White House. He said that their visit to the Secretary Vance and Dr.. Brzezinski, too, United States "will contribute to the friendship in their contacts with me, expressed a positive that is being built between our two nations": attitude towards normalization of relations between the two countries. It is always a pleasure for me to recall the signing of the Shanghai *t .( Communique during Mr. Nixon's visit fr E ,Y anfi{, to China, Mr. Ford's visit to China, and ,e ;lLvl t, t the statements by President Carter and -t {.t t) ?.$.w U.S. government officials aimed at pro- tif i,, moting normalization. And I shall r, 1 "r, 'tutWfr{t never forget their efforts in helping f#^ww establish diplomatic relations between China pnd the United States. Before I was recalled from my post as Head of the Chinese Liaison Office in Washington, I called on Mr. Nixon. Mr. Ford and Dr. Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State. They all said to me that, even though they were no }onger in the U.S. Government, they would still make the normalization of U.S.-Chinese relations In The aul,hor speaking at the banquet he gave in honour their task. of Mike Mansfield and Hugh Scott, the then Majority my contacts with, U.Sl:t Senators and Minority Leaders of the U.S. Senate.

January 26, 1979 15 SPECIAT FEAIURE

he believed that "it is one further step for full I would like to end with a quote from the normalization of ourrelations." American poet Walt Whitman, who wrote in It is my belief that, following the establish- The Song of the Opn Road: ment of diplomatic relations between the two Allorl"s! coun{ries, there will be more cultural intercourse. A Chinese film delegation is going to The goal that u)as named visit the United States in April to attend the catunat be countermanded,. Hollywood Academy Awards and also to study Allons! the rcad is before us. the U.S. film industry. In March, the Boston Symphony Orchestra is coming to Beijing and We Chinese people and the American peo- I am sure they will be warmly welcomed by ple will march on from generation to genera- China's music-lovers and the public at large. tion along thi.s road to friendship!

Chinese lournolists' Views Impressions of the United Stotes

A Chinese journalists' delegation spent More than the differences in life styles are three weeks in the United States in August last those in social system, ideology. history and gear. They uisited nine cities and their enuirons: tradition. In addition, the long years of estrange- Los Angeles on the Pacifi.c coo.st to New York ment have made China a "myterious" country on the Atlantic seaboard, the auto centre Detroit to many Americans and the United States a in the northeast to the petroleum city of Houston "strange" country to many Chinese. in the south. Seueral members of the delega- More and broader contacts will enable recorded United tian their impressions of the Americans,to see that China is not "mysterious'' States in neuspapers ushen they arrioed home. and our people that the United States is not Follouing are ercerpts of their articles.-Ed. "strange." The people of our two countries can understand each other. Wang Roshui, deputy editor-in-chief. of Renmin Ribao. Of all the many things which impressed We can learn much from the American peo- me during our tour of the United States, the one ple. Gluttony and selfish pleasure-seeking is which impressed me most was the American inseparable from the capitalist m

16 Beijing Reuieu No. 4 workers and scientists. it i,s inconceivable for the United States to attain its present level in production and send people to walk on the moon. The Americans are not conservative nor are they con- tent to stay in a rut. In that highly competitive capitalist society, whoever does not get ahead in his work is liable to be ousted. Their scientific and technical level leads the world, but they are always learning from other countries. It is widely known that the United States took in a large number of German scientists when Hitler was in power, and particularly aftet' his death, and The Chinese Journalists' Delegation led by Zeng Tao, Director of the Xinhua News Agency, and Qiaa eichen, Director of the In- they had helped push U.S. formation Department of jhe Foreign Ministry, visiting the Oak science and technology to their Ridge National Laboratory. present level. The Japanese are also good at learning from ple, and the American people I know have high other countries. American friends told us that hopes for: us. the Japanese learnt from the United States and soon outstripped it in some fields. A leading Li Yanning, deputy chief of the international member of the Ford Company admitted that news department. Xinhua News Agency. Like Japan's Toyota is one of their toughest com- skyscrapers, cars are a hallmark of "U.S. civi- petitors. We also noticed that the two colour lization." There really are many cars there. TV sets in the CBS manager's office were made Official figures give a total of 137 million motor in Japan. The manager frankly acknowledged vehicles, big and small. That's about two cars that the Japanese sets were better than those for every three percons. A family car is very made in the United States. This Ied me to ask handy, but with it are a lot of problems: rush myself: Why can't we do what the Japanese hour traffic keeps speeds down to ten miles an have done? hour; parking in the cities; the high gasolene price and insurance fees; pollution; too many We should. do better than the Japanese. traffic accidents; and so on. They have learnt from the United States not only computer science but also strip-tease. For The average is two cars per three persons, us it is a matter of acquiring the best of the but not every family has a car. There are many developed capitalist countries while rejecting car-less families, and the better-off families that which is decadent. A society which is may own more than two. Moreover, the cars materially affluent can be spiritually poor, and vary greatly in quality, ranging from de luxe a country which is scientifically advanced can be Cadillacs complete with colour TV and mini- philosophically backward. We should acquire bars to two-seaters (or "beetles") a bare two their science but reject their philosophy. At the metres long. same time, we should warned be by their ex- Communieations and transport in the United perience. Many American well-wishers hoped States are weII developed and modern. Railways that in the course of bringing about our four are on the decline while transport is fast modernizations, we would avoid the United air prob- States'negative aspects, such as wasting energy developing. There are still a lot of obvious resources and polluting the environment. This, lems, but there is much for us to learn, since indeed, deserves our attention. With our lup".- our communications and transport leave much ior socialist system, we should be able to avoid to be desired. Inland water transport is one. the drawbacks of capitalism. Tpke, for instance, the Mississippi River. We have high hopes'fobrthe Arherican peo- Together with our Changjiang River (the Yang-

Januarg 26, 1979 17 SPECIAT FEATURE

tze) it is one of the four largest rivers in the barges. This will do away with towed barges and world. The Mississippi River system is the individual cargo ships. world's most developed inland water transport system. More than 19,000 kilometres of its Feng Xiliang, chief of the international depart- waterways are used, of which 2,940 kilometres ment of Beijing Reoieus. The Americans pay are of the, river itself. In 1975, America's total a lot of attention to science and technology. volume of inland waterborne freight was close Their computer technology is highly developed. to 600 million tons, of which .the Mississippi It is used extensively in industry and agriculture River system carried 410 million tons. The river as well as in other fields, itself is responsible 280 million goods for tons of The press in the United States has been year, every or 11 times that by rail. In other quick to adopt new technologies. Our American words, the transport capacity Mississippi of the colleagues. told us: "Our newspapers are high- alone is equivalent to 1l U.S. railways. ly competitive, so we have to introduce new office One does not see a swarm of ships shuttling techniques all the time. A newspaper must change part equipment up and down the Mississippi. Instead, one sees a of its technical just an occasional tugboat quietly pushing a long every two or three years, otherwise it can't line of barges up or down the river. These river carry on." freight trains are not the least impressive. We noticed that the traditional linotypes in although they are the sole form of freight U.S. newspaper offices hav.e become-museum transport in the Mississippi River system. But pieces. In the lobby of The Washington Post what they move is phenomenal. general office stands a linotype mounted as a display piece. It marks the end of an era in Inland water transport has tremendous the history of the press. More than a decade advantages. A 50,000-ton flotilla of barges ago, there \rlas a massive switch from the "hot powered by a 6,000 h.p. tugboat moves as much type" to the "cold type" in the United States, (6,000 each) freight as 8.33 locomotives h.p. followed by extensive use of computers'in stor- pulling (each 1,000 freight cars with a loading ing news reports. In some. newspaper offices capacity of 50 tons) or i0,000 five-ton reporters are writing already reports on video trucks. In other words, a tugbeat moves display terminals and the conventional type- eight tons of goods per one h.p., while writers are on their way out, too. a locomotive moves one ton and a truck one- tenth of a ton. The ton/km. cost of inland The greatest advantage in using such new water transport is only half to one-fifth of that tecliniques lies in raising effieiency and pro- of railway transport and one-eighth to one- ducing more economical results in the long run. twentieth of that of motor transport. The per- The elimination of lead type'benefits workers' ton (deadweight) cost of a barge is less than half health. New techniques also improve the of that of a railway car. No wonder inland quality of printing. But in capitalist countries, techniques often means water transport in the United States has been the introduction of new jobs. able to develop steadily despite keen competi- some workers losing their tion from the railway and highway. Television as a mass medium is very pop- ular. American friends told us that upwards of As our couritry has an extqnsive network of 9? per cent of the families in the United States waterways serious shortage of inland but a have TV sets and watching TV has become part highways, Mississippi Rlver railways and the of the American way of life. TV newscasts have gives system us much food for thought. The their advantages. They are quick in getting the natural conditions for navigation in the Chang- news over to the public and, along with some jiang system are those of River far better than live coverage, they hold people's interest. More the Mississippi River system, but it carries much and more are relying on TV to get their news less freight in fact much less than the muth and this has adversely affected the newspapers. shorter Rhine- River in Europe. From this we can see two basic experiences of great value to In a country like the United States, televi- us in developing our inland water transport. sion has brought in its wake some adverse con- One is to dredge the navigation channels in a sequences and even created social problems. river and its tributaries to keep them open in The Srimary role of television in the country both high and low water seasons. The other is to today is commercial, that is, advertising, we introduce powerful tugboats (the biggest on the were told. Programmes are interrupted by ads Mississippi is 10,500 h.p.) to push instead of tow every few minuteg;ri{t?s really annoying! The

I8 Beijing Reoieut No. tl SPECIAL FEA'UIE

American people are divided about their TV are printing machines used in Franklin's time. programmes. programmes Many are "silly," Workers in contemporary . costume do type- many Americans told us, and exert an un- setting, printing and binding as workers did healthy influence on the young. when Franklin was alive. It is open to visitors and the printing shop puts out books in the old There are, of course, good programmes, too, way, using the same old rnachines. such as news, science,. education, sports and weather forecasts.' Americans are currently When we visited the printing shop, we were spending on the average four to five hours a day warmly welcomed by its personnel who took watching TV. With children it is as much as from a machine some hand bills fresh off the six or seven hours. Many young people are noi pres's for every member of the delegation. On in the habit of reiding books and..newspdpers the bills in bold type were: "The National Park and their parents are worried. .Some American Service cordially welcomes our friends from the friends lamentdl: "Television is a good thing, People's Republic of China to historic Philaddl- but it has become a problem. We hope you phia." .' "The Peoplels Republic of China" was won't follow us with regard to TV program- in red. At the mast head was a boxed remark ining." by the purser of the first American merchant Meng Jiqing, chief of the editorial department ship to reach China. He described their arrival of. China Recotxtrttrlts. Our shortest stay in a in 1?84 in this way: "The Chinese had never city was in Phitadelphia, one of the few oldest h€ard of us, but we introduced ourselves as a young new ,nation, gave. them our history, with a cities in this. eountr),., and we were very 'description impressed. Last year was the 300th anniversary of our country, the importance and of its establishment. People know this city for necessity of a trade'here to the advantage of its part in the history of the American revolution both, which they appeared perfectly to un- and many visitors go there because of its. revo- derstand and wish." lutionary sites going back two centuries. The people at the printing shop told us that Independence Hall in the centr.e of the city the American merchant ship which sailed to is a two-storeyed ochre building with a clock China in 1784 was called Empress of China. It tower. Originally it was the State House of the weighed anchor in Philadelphia and reached Pennsylvanfun Assembly during the colonial Guangzhou, carrying with it pelts in exchange days. On Juty 4, 1776, delegates from the 13 for tea and silk. The remark was included, we British colonies in the Americas met there to were told, to show the long history of friendly hold'a Continental Congress and adopted the contact between the American and Chinese Declaration of Independence which proclaimed peoples. the severance of the colonies of North America from Britain and the establishment of free Chinese newsmen call on Montgomery County B-2 School, Missouri. and independent confederate states.

One block away from the hall was the remains of the former residence of Benjamin Franklin, America's renowned r€volutionary, thinker and scientist. To its north stands a unique printing shop. Franklin (*l once worked as a printer and *s";L later set up a printing shop ,w' himself, which put out books w and magazines that had a strong influence on the public. ln honour of Franklin, the printing shop today is kept exactly like it was when Franklin had worked there. Inside the cramped littlerbhop,

Jonuarv 26, 1979 SP,ECIAI FEAIURE

Vignettes of Sino-Americon Friendship

The Rose Whose Name ls Peace J N the winter of 1944 as war was going on, a I U.S. plane was hit by Japanese. anti-aircraft fire when flying on a mission over Shanhaiguan in northeast China. In the cockpit was pilot Oliver Hinsdell. The pilot managed to crash- Iand and he and the six others aboard luckily escaped death. The survivors decided to head for the liberated area. \4rith the help of the Communist-led Eighth Route Army men and folks along the way, they trudged and skirted along nrgged mountain ways and finally reached Yanan after trekking for some six months. Chairman Mao received them in his cave and invited tlem to dinner, and they drank to victory for the allied forces

A rose of friendship to American friends from Deng Yingchao. Educational Exchanges These seven Americans stayed on in Yanan until V-J Day. They made friends with some . The first group of China's 50 exchange Chinese leaders and came to know how the visiting scholars left Beijing for the United Yanan people lived and worked in those wal States on December 26 last Year. years. They cultivated a lasting friendship with They will spend two years at American the Chinese people. institutes, studying science and engineering. agriculture and medical science. Among them In the intervening years Sino-American are associate researchers, Iecturers, engineers relaiions went through twists and turns. But Most have 4nd senior'medical staff. of them his Chinese friends were often in Mr. Hinsdell's done well in their own field and have at one time or another published dissertations or thoughts. Despite the vicissitudes he hoped to papers. .Their age ranges from 32 to 49, six of see China one day again. But he died before them being woman scholars. his wish could be gratified. o Shanghai's Jiaotong University has ar- In. l9?2, China the ranged to become a "sister college" with and United States signed four American universities: the University of the Shanghai Communique. Mrs. Amelia Hins- Michigan, the University of California, Ber- dell saw in it a chance of fulfilling her hus- keley, California State University, San Diego. band's unfulfilled wish. She brought her and the Washington University, Louis. St. daughters along for the China visit the following Agreement has also been reached between year. Jiaotong and Michigan Udiversities to ex- .changg scholars and acadernic data. The In Beijing she told her Chinese hosts how agreement is for.a period lrom January lg?9 her husband missed Chi,na and his Chinese Decemler 1982 and may be :The to extended. friends. plants the working periof, of exchanged teachers is for She brought two rose all one year. Teachers of both universities will way from her home in California, one for Chair- , also be invited for short term seminars. man Mao and one for Premier Zhou, in token of her husband's and her own friendship for the Chinese peoplee vo-)

20 Beijing Reoieu No. 4 :t:i

Then five years later, in MaY 1978, in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, Chinese leaders Ye JianYing (Yeh Chien-ying), Nie Rongzhen (Nieh Jung-chen), Deng Ying- chao (Teng Ying-chao) and Kang Keqing (Kang Ke-ching) played host to a visiting delegation of the former U.S. armY observers group in Yanan. A light yellow rose with branches dipped in clear water of a vase stood conspicuously on a tea table, and pointing to it Deng Yingchao, Premier Zhou's widow, said to the American Some former members of ihe U,S. army observers friends, "I planted in our group in Yanan in 1978. courtyard the rose plant brought by Mrs. Amelia Hinsdell. It has like a lift. He got on and fell to talking with blossomed luxuriantly over the years. Today, I the Chinqse players. Iater, he received from have specially picked this rose from the bush a Chinese player a silk fabric with the scenic and brought it here to you friepds. This is a spot the West Lake on it as a souvenir. Ttre flower of friendship between, the Chinese and news caused a sensation at the time for there American peoples." was no contact between the people of China and Americans for more than 20 years. Cowan was surrounded by new$ben and bombarded American Redwood in China with questions. "If the Chinese players invite J N spring 1972, a sequoia sapling, no more me to visit China," he said, "I would go." f than a metre high, was flown by a Boeing Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou decided from California to China's' West Lake city to invite the U.S. table tennis team to visit Hangzhou. This precious gift presented by China. On April 7 when the Nagoya cham- former President Nixon took root in the city's pionships was about to close the secretary- botanical garden. general of the Chinese table tennis delegation These redwood trees only grow in the U.S. and the president of the U.S. Table Tennis state of California. After its planting in Hang- Federation made a joint announcement that the zhou six yeans ago, the sapling, under the U.S. table tennis team would visit China, and meticulous care of gardeners, has borne over the news spread aii over the world immediately. 6,000 "offsprings" in China's 20 other cities.

Small Balls Play Big Role f T happened about eight years ago on March f Zg, tgZt when the 3lst World Table Tennis Championships was in progress at Nagoya, Japan. China put forward the principle "friendship first, competition second," and it won lhe acclaim of many participating countries which also expressed the wish to visit China, among them the leaders and members of the U.S. table tennis delegation and U.S. correspondents. One day, an American player Glenn Cowan was on his way to the championship in 1971" player^s A U.S. table tennis.team visited China hall when a bus carrying Chinese Glenn Cowan. a member of the ieam' and a stopped by. They asked Cowan if' he would Shanghai Player'

January 26, 1979 21 ttlctAl E rut! The arrival of the first-American people's 2l and the team's visit to China was televised . delegation to Beijing on April 10 opened a new in the United States, causing a "pingpong fever" page in the history of relations between China in the country. :an.il the United States. On April 14, Premier Zhou Not long after that, the United States re- Enl.ai met with the U.S. delegation, togbther ciprocated by inviting a Chinese table tennis with the delegations from other countries in the team to visit the country. Since then these 'Great Hall of the People. "Your visit to China," small Ualts have played a big role in expanding between people of the two .-. he'told the American visitor':s; "has opened'the contacts the door to friendly contacts between the people of oountries. ',. players ' the two countries. We believe that such friendly Meeting the Chinese table tennis on May Premier Zhou mused: l'You play the ' cofrt cts will be favoured and suiipoited by the 30, ball to the oppoite side of the table, and it is majority of the two Warm and .p@ples.".. played back to you. If the game has caused a 'sustained applause greeted' the. Premier's state- .i., ' sensation, let it continue. There must be com- ment. ings and goings between our two countries. At WashingtorS through an official spokesman, the Nagoya championships our watchword is welcomed Beijing's decision to. invite the U.S. 'friendship first, competition second.' It's Qble tennis team to China. President Nixon people's diplomacy and small balls set things met with the leaders of the U.S. team on April in motion."

Wang Zhen (Wang Chen) iler Spelling ol Chinese tames Wei Guoqing (Wei Kueching) qINCE the first issue of 1979, Beiiing Reoi,eu Ulanhu (Ulanfu) r-, has begun using the Chinese phonetic Fang Yi (Fang Yi) alphabet qrs'tem (the Chinese pinyi,n system) Deng Xiaoping (Teng }Isiao-ping) to spell Chiaese names ,and place names. Deng Yingchao (Ieng Ying-chao) Ye Jianying (Yeh Chien-yrng) Accordingly, the late Chairman Mao Tse- Liu Bocheng (Liu Po-cheng) tungis name is slrelt "Mao Zedongl" the late Xu Shiyou (IIsu Shih-yu) Premier Chou En-lai's name 'lZhou Enlai"; Ji Dengkui (Chi Teng-kuei) and the late Chairman of the Standing Com- Su Zhenhua' (Su Chen-hua) mittee of the National People's Congress Chu Li Xiannian (Li Hsien-nien) Teh "Zhu De." Li Desheng (Li Teh-sheng) Following are names of Party leaders of Wu De (Wu Teh) China spelt according to the Chinese pinyin Yu Qiuli (Yu Chiu-li) system. The old spelling is in brackets for Wang Dongxing (Wang Tung-hsing) reference. Zhang Tingfa (Chang Ting-fa) Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chen Yun (Chen Yun) Chinese Communist Party: Chen Yonggui (Chen Yung-kuei) Chen Xilian (Chen Hsi-lien) . Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-fe181,.,, . Hu Yaobang (Hu Yao-pang) Vice-Chairmen of the Party Central Com- Geng Biao (Keng Piao) mittee: ,-';'ir.,'i Nie Rongzhen (Nieh Jung-chen) Ye Jianying (Yeh Chien-ying) Ni Zhifu (Ni Chih-fu) Deng Xiaoping (T9ng Hsiao-ping) Xu Xiangqian (Hsu Hsiang-chien) Li Xiannian' (Li tlsien-nien) Peng Chong (Peng Chung) Chen Yun (Chen ,' i Y )-. Alternate Members of the Political Bureau Wang Dongxing (Wang,Tung-hsing) of the Party Central Committee: Memtrers of the potitica'ir:sureau of the Party Central Committee: (The following are listed in the order of the number of strokes in theii surnarnes.) Chen Muhua (Chen Mu-hua) (Ttre following are listed in the order of Zhao Ziyang (Chao Tzu-ya,ng) . the number of strokes in their surnames.) Selpidin (Saifudin) ,)s rsl tr

22 Beijing Reuieu No. 4 ARTICLES & DOCUi,IENTS

SCIENCE AND SUPERSTITION

by Li Honglin

J N their bid to usurp Party and state leader- formation. Correct conclusions only come r ship and undermine proletarian dictatorship, after such a process, not before. A scientific Lin Biao and the "gang of four" promoted truth can be expressed in one sentence or even superstition through chieanery, not by advocat- in a formula, but people cannot comprehend or ing the worship of gods or Buddha but by accept it after only hearing one simple sentence. donning the cloak of Marxism-Leninism-Mao In fact, the words in any Marxist work are used Zedong Thought to threaten people with. They to adduce facts and arguments on behalf of a perpetrated a gross deception with their Marx- certain truth. Many terms are narrative or ist superstition. and succeeded in constricting connective, and others are for stress or listing people's thinking for a number of years. It's certain phenomena under discussion. If sen- extremely important to oppose this kind of tences are extracted in isolation from the rest, superstition, particularly since many people's they do not necessarily signify the truth. ft is minds still haven't been freed from its grip. impossible for every sentence to be the truth. Biao maintained Woys of Deception Lin also that Marxism was the product of a "genius." Such a "genius," he Prior to the Great Cultural Revolution, Lin declared, appeared in the world only once in Biao carefully built himself up as a paragon several hundred years, and in China only once of "holding high" the red banner of Mao Zedong in thousands of years. Clearly, this would be Thought. He began by calling on everyone to no mortal but a visitor fiom heaven. Although "read Chairman Mao's works." This in itself proletarian leaders are great, the origin of their cannot be faulted if his intentions were genuine. greatness lies in the commonplace, not in the But he was.a double-dealing careerist and in- supernatural. To describe them as demigods triguer whose subterfuge consisted of always is to deliver a great insult. Such notions were carrying a copy oI Quotations, never opening his only needed by leaders of the slave-owning and mouth without shouting t.I,ong live," and speak- feudal landlord classes. ing nice things to your face while stabbing you Chairman Mao severely criticized Lin Biao's in the back. "theory of genius" and his game of feudal In gvery speech he mentioned the four superstition time and again. After the fall of "greats" (the great leader, great supreme Lin Biao, the "gang of four" controlled the commandei, great helmsman and great teacher) media and, instead of criticizing Lin Biao, they to show he was "holding high" the red banner stepped up the spread of supers{ition by re3ort- of Mao Zdong Thought. If other people only ing to ever more artful stratagems. mentioned one "great," that is, three "greats" Taking advantage of their position and Iess than his formulation, he would charge that powef, the gang purposely quoted words and they were not holding the red banner high or phrases from Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and even worse that they were belittling this' red Mao Zedong out of crontext and used these banner. quotations to intimidate and deceive people. Lin Biao's declaration that "every sentence They also published or kept secret Chairman by Chairman Mao is the truth" entered the realm Mao's instructions as they saw fit and also dis- of superstition. Science reflects objective laws. torted or fabricated his instructions. Quotations To.reflect objective laws, one must engage in that passed through the gangls hands lost their analysis, summarization, abstraction and gen- original meaning and'became labels which they eralization on the basis of large amounts of in- used to'serve their own ends.

Jarutary 26, 1979 23 Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought is Marx and Engels were the founders of a science and not a superstition. The Com- Marxism but it did not originate in their minds: munist Party can only engage in science and not Their great achievemeirt was to accurately sum- superstition. marize the practical struggles of the proletariat other revolutionary masses, create a Victory of Science and and to theory from . what they had summed up. Of Chairman Mao told us long ago: "We must course they had absorbed all the positive ideo- believe in science and nothing else, that is to logical results in human history, but these, too, say, we must not have blind faith in anything. were a summarization of the practical ex- What is right is right and what is wrong is periences of their forerunners. Therefore, in the wrong, whether concerns the Chinese or for- it last analysis, Marxism originates from practice. eigners, whether it concerns the dead or the Those who regard Marxism as something super- living. To believe otherwise is blind faith." stitious go completely against common sense. (On the Draft Constitution of the People's Re- pnblic of China,1954.\ Since Marxism originates from practice, its In the struggle between science and super- contents are nothing but the objective truth stition, the latter may go rampant for a while. exposed by practice. These objective contents but science will triumph in the end. In the are independent of the will of any human being, storm of the Great Cultural Revolution, those including those who reflect them. Objective promoting superstition finally revealed their laws exist independently outside the human true features. Lin Biao went bankrupt. So did brain. The human brain may reflect them, but the "gang of four." Honest people who handled cannot change them. Those who go in for things in a scientific attitude won the strug- superstition make Marxism into something gle. The victory of the Party Central Com- mystical as though once a man.becomes a Marx- mittee headed by Chairman Hua over the "gang ist, he only thinks Marxist thoughts. This is of four" was the victory of science over super- entirely contrary to common sense. A man is stition. a Marxist simply because his thinking correctly was The Party Central Committee headed by reflects objective laws, not because he born masses. Chairman Mao said Chairman Hua has called on us to break loose different from the but from superstition and emancipate our thinking. that he did not start out as a Marxist practice. None of We must first topple the superstition of Lin Biao became one in the course of and the "gang o1 four" and treat Marxism- the writers of Marxist classics were born Marx- Marxism was acquired. Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought as a science. ists. Their This is prerequisite for holding high the great a Chairman Mao also told us: "According to banner of Chairman Marxism-Leninism- Mao. dialectical materialism, thought must reflect Mao Zedong Thought triumphant not is always objective reality and must be tested and verified because of some secret power, but because it is in objective practice before it can be taken as science, which universally appli- a a truth is truth, otherwise it cannot." (Strengthen Party cable. Unitg and Carry Foruard. Party Troditions, By holding high the banner of Chairman 1956.) Marxism is truth because it has been Mao, we mean to adhere to Chairman Mao's testified by practice. Marx, Engels, Lenin, instructions-Lin and act according to scientific prin- Stalin and Mao Zedong are great Marxists. ciples. Biao and the "gang of four" dissemi- Their thinking should also be verified in prac- nated superstition, and therefore were dishonest tice. Any part which has been shown to be cor- people. rect by practice should be a component of the treasure house of Marxism. If any part is not Morxism ond Proctice correct, then this part is not truth. Science originates from practice. Marxism- Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought is not innatq in For example, Chairman Mao said that the the minds of the revolutionary teachers. The assessment of Stalin should be 30 per cent for class struggle waged by the proletariat against mistakes and 70 per cent for achievements - 70 the bourgeoisie, the revolutionary struggle of per cent of his thinking was scientific and 30 the oppressed nations and people, and the strug- per cent of it failed to correspond with reality. gle of all labourers for production and scientific Stalin, for instance, declared too early that experiment all these are the source of Marx- classes had been eliminated in the Soviet Union, ism. The human- brain is only a processing which of course was not true. But this does not plant; its raw material comes from practice. affect Stalin ssr-s.l:gftot Marxist-Leninist, nor

24 Beijing Reoieu No. 4 does it influence our respect for Stalin. This is enriches itself continuously in the advance of a scientific attitude. practiee which embraces class struggle, the struggle for production and scientific experi- according On the contrary, if we do not act ment. to scientific principles and bespeak of Stalin's mistakes as truth, then it will really influence Marxism has made steady advances in its the masses'respect for him. If one praises what 100-odd years of existence. It has never come one knows to be mistaken, that would be insin- to a halt with the death of an individual leader, cere; blind faith in something, no matter if it is but has continued to go forward with the hun- right or wrong, is superstition. Chairman Mao dreds of millions of revolutionary masses. upheld a scientific attitude and evaluated Stalin in a down-to-the-earth manner. This is nothing Now, Chairman Mao has left us and Chair- but the thoroughgoing materialist way of doing man Hua has succeeded him. The Party Central things. Committee headed by Chairman HuA is leading us in a continuation of the Long March. The 4 Science never marks time, but advances Party Centxal Committee called on us to grasp practice. with the advance of Chairman Mao Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought accu- ex- said: "Marxism-Leninism has in no way rately and comprehensively. That is to say, it is hausted but ceaselessly opens up roads to truth necessary for us to treat Marxism-Leninism-Mao knowledge course of the of truth in the Zedong Thought as a science, use it as a guide practice." (On Practice, 1937.) to practice ind study and develop it in accord- Ideologists of various descriptions invaria- ance with the requirements of practi'ce. This bly want their doctrines to be the final, eternal necessitates washing away the superstitious truth. It is Marxism which smashed this fan' hues with which Lin Biao and the "gang of tasy for the first time in human history. From four" insisted on dyeing Marxism-Leninism- a Marxist perspective, there is nothing eternal Mao Zedong Thought, removing it from the in the world except the eternal movement of altar which Lin Biao and the "gang of four" matter and the innate dialectical laws governing set up to hoodwink the masses, and restoring this movement. This principle also holds true the original features of this branch of Science to Marxism itself. Marxism develops and on a scientific basis.

W orld Opinion Big ond Smoll Hegemonism Denounced

.,, ;,, j;,,1 :g?!...1r..i?::. : t f i: i:i i, i: i'. l: i i;;i ! rt {3 F !i;;ii i; it , .,, l ; ii i i' I i i i ii:i i, tt i, i, t i t i rittt

\ffET Nam has moved more than 100,000 well- Soviet Union, naturally is condemned through- Y equipped regular troops to invade Kam- out the world. puchea. In a Hitler-type blitz covered by Rus- sian tanks, heavy artillery and fighters, they lnternol Conflict or Aggression by Viet Nom? occupied large areas of Kampuchean terri- The Jamaica Dailg Netos on January 6 re- tory including the capital Phnom Penh. This ported that U.N. Secretary-General Kurt makes it known to the world that Viet Nam is Waldheim in answering questions raised by the aggressor and the Soviet Union the stage- journalists said the Vietnamese alleged that the manager. conflict is a domestic one. The United Nations, however, has evidence that Vietnamese armed Viet Nam's invasion of Kampuchea threat- forces have invaded the country and are taking ens the security of that nation. It is also part in the war. a grave move by the Soviet Union in its aggression and expansion in the Asia-Prcific region the Yugoslav paper Borba in a signed com- and Southeast Asia in particular. This act of mentary of January 8 said that all means in- aggression by Viet Nam and its master, the cludtng infantry, artillery, armoured vehicles

January 26, 1979 25 and airplanes have been used in the fighting on with the job of administering a new Vietnamese Kampuchean territory. "Hanoi has not con- province." cealed its support for the so-called Kampuchean national united front for national salvation and The First Secretary of the Central Commit- Moscow has not concealed its support for Hanoi." tee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party Belgium, the "It is hard to make people believe that such a of Fernand Lefebvre, stated that clique or movement could have obtained air- occupation of Phnom Penh and the establish- planes, tanks, armoured personnel cariers, ment of a puppet regime by traitors and radios and other equipment after only one butchers under the signboard of the "Kampu- month of existence." chean national united front for national salvation" finalized the invasion of Kampuchea that The Romanian paper Scinteia in a January had been going on for a year or more. 10 article said that Romania stands resolutely opposed to the toppling of the Kampuchean legal The Ottawa Journal of Canada editorialized government by outside forces. that "nobody believes the fiction that the 'lib' eration' was carried out by Cambodians them- The French Le Nouueau Journa,L pointed out selves under the so-called united front for na- that Viet Nam's aggression against Kampuchea tional salvation"; "that's just a puppet group." started long ago. It said: "...It was Viet Nam that initiated the first offensive in December The British Financiial Times on January 9 1977, and it is troops from Hanoi who have been saiii in an editorial: "There can be no pretence dealing decisive blows for a year." that the invasion was carried out by a liberation force'of dissident Cambodians. It was an aet The Vietnamese authorities can by no of aggression against a neighbouring country." means mask their 100,000 or more troops' invasion of Kampuchea behind the banner of "Kam- Viet Nom, Get Out of Kompucheo ! puchean national united front for national growing salvation" and amid the din of "peo- People in Bangladesh. Sweden, France, ple's rebellion." Stuttgarter Zeitung of West Canada and other countries recently held Germany commented that, like the Americans demonstrations strongly protesting Viet Nam's role imperialist past, in the of aggressors in the aggression against Kampuchea. Demonstrators Hanoi's troops "have used tanks and aircraft to carried posters saying: "Resolutely support the invade Kampuchea." Communist A Swedish Kampuchean people's just struggle against Viet- Party statement likens the Soviet-backed Viet- namese aggression!" "We stand on the Kampu- namese aggression against Kampuchea the to chean people's side!" o'Vietnamese aggressors, Soviet Union's aggression against Czechoslovakia get out of Kampuchea!" and "Behind Viet Nam in 1968. The Neto York Times in a January 9 the Soviet Leaflets distributed by cbmmentary also pointed out that the Viet- is Union!" called on all those who namese have always been straightforward, or demonstrators in Paris in other words, been unscrupulous. No banner do not wish to see a Brezhnev-dominated world of the "Kampuchean national united front for to support the Kampuchean people's war, sup- national salvation" can hide the fact that the port the Kampuchean Communist Party and aggression is committed by the Vietnamese defend the various peoples' right to indepenf,ence troops themselves. and freedom.

In a joint statement issued on January 13 Quisling Front in Bangkok, the foreign ministers of the five ASEAN member countries said that they regret- The French paper Le Figaro on January 9 ted "the armed intervention against the indepen- said: "The proposition that there was an armed dence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of insurrection by the Khmer people against their Kampuchea." They reaffirmed that the Kam- leaders is obviously untenable. Phnom Penh puchean people have the right to "determine succumbed to a military offensive of the Viet- their future by themselves, free from inter- namese army. . . . Whatever verbal acrobatics ference or influence from outside powers in the are used to save appearances, the men who are exercise of their right to self-determination." going to assume power in Cambodia will be "Towards this end," the statement said, "the puppets named by Hanoi. quislings charged ASEAN foreign ministers call for the immediate

26 Beijing Retsiew No, 4 :=+;-

*Fr .j: : ,{ai{i+.{' irji"'+&r . I'4jt*r.,.;l . , and total withdrawal of the foreign ':l* I*,,*'"' 'JIJJ'4 forces from Kampuchean territory." SSsi$; The Korean paper Rodong Sinrnun *e*e,tri6d; r in an editorial department article of January 13 denounced Viet Nam's aggression against Democratic Kampu- chea. The article asked Viet Nam to have a second thought, that is to pull out all its armed forces from the country without delay. It expressed the hope that the national sovereignty and territorial inlegrity of I(ampuchea would be ensured, the Kampuchean 'people themselves would control their own destiny and genuine peace in Southeast Asia would come at'an early date. Dacca students demonstrtte before Soviei ond Vietnamese embassies. Political parties, organizations and . newspapers in many countries also demanded that their governments stop economic puchea, taking a further step in its pincer and military aid to Viet Nam. Many mass or- movement in the Middle East, South Asia and ganizations for friendship with Viet Nam an- Southeast Asia." The paper continued, "Having nounced their dissolution due to Viet Nam's brought Democratic Yemen in the Middle East aggression against Kampuchea and Afghanistan in South Asia under its control, caused the shedding of blood in Iran and Some countries have frozen aid to Viet Nam. Turkey and intervened irr Ethiopia and Angola, The Japanese Foreign Ministry decided to freeze the Soviet Union now has instigated Viet Nam its economic aid to Viet Nam in concerted action to invade and occupy Kampuchea, an indepen- with the five ASEAN member states. Five Jap- dent member state of the United Nations close anese agricultural organizations, including.na- to the borders of China in Southeast Asia." tional corporations, decided on. January 9 to cancel their campaign to ship rice to Viet Nam. Tawit Seniwong Na Ayuthaya, former Min- ister of Defence dnd Member of the Thai Na- American officials on January 9 announced tional Legislative Assembly, told the press on that negotiations that had been going on for 18 January 8: "The occupation of Phnom Penh by 'months in Paris on establishing diplomatic re- the so-called 'Kampuchean national united front lations between the United States and Viet Nam for national salvation' is an act of aggression had been suspended owing to Viet Nam's inva- committed by Viet Nam, at the instigation of sion of Kampuchea. the Soviet.'Union,'against Democratic Kampu- chea." "Once the whole of Kampuchea is an- Kuwait on January 8 rejected Soviet a nexed by Viet Nam, Thailand which stands as demand that she oppose discussion Viet of an outpost of ASEAN will become the next 'Nam's aggression against Kampuchea in the target," he pointed out. U.N. Security Council. Bhichai Rattakul, former Foreign Minister Deol Seriously With Soviet Strotegy of Ttrailand, told the pressmen that the blitz Vietnamese aggression against Kampuchea is World public opinion roundly denounces the an outcome of the Soviet-Vietnamese military unscrupulous strategy of the Soviet Union in co-operation treaty concluded last year, an at- stage-managing Hanoi's aggression against tempt to step up the realization of the "In- Kampuchea and points out that people of all dochina federation" and to penetrate and ex- countrie should sharpen their vigilance and pand into the ASEAN countries. deal with it seriously. The Portuguese paper O Dia also reported The Turkish daily Tercuman in a commen- that Hanoi's real role is as the "shock force" of tary pointed out that "using its partner Viet Nam the Kremlin, whose design is to seize positions as a pawn, the Soviet Union has occupied Kam- 'for dominating Southeast Asia.

January 26, 1979 27 ,ffi .,*,q#ffiffi YF$ffi W'ffif€'i"ffi :ffi i.;:-ii,, i'trFliTtW:rrft*mE

BELGIUM: 20 broadcast a bulletin report- six enemy troop carriers and Kam- wiped out all the occuPants. Unif ied Party Forn'rc r-: ing that fighting by puchean armymen and people The K.R.A. also captured 30 The Marxist-Leninist Com- against the Vietnamese ag- pieces of weapons. munist Party of Belgium and gressors is, going on in various commentarY (Marx- A January 20 the Communist Struggle partS of broadcast by the Voice of ist-Leninist) of Belgium merged "Kampuchea. Fighting The Democratic Kampuchea called on December 16, 1978 to form in Mondolkiri. Kampuchean 'Revolutionary upon the Kampuchean PeoPle the Marxist-Leninist Commu- Army, with the close support in all walks of life, at home and nist Party of Belgium. of the local people in Koh abroad, to rally closelY round An article in the latest issue, Nhek County, fought valiant- the Kampuchean Communist of the Communist Voice, orgarr ly on January 7 and I for 36 Party and the Government of of the Party, says that similar hours against the Vietnamese Democratic Kampuchea, to decisions on the merger, one aggressors, killing nearly 200 continue resistance in the war adopted at the second session of and driving off the rest, leav- against aggression bY the Viet- the Central Committee of the ing the Revolutionary Army in namese aggressors backed bY Marxist-Leninist Communist complete control of Koh Nhek the Soviet international ex- Party of Belgium and the other County. pansionists. The KamPuchean at the fifth national conference armymen and people, it said, Fighting in Kratie. The Kam- will surmount everY difficultY, of the Communist Struggle puchean Revolutionary Army (Marxist-Leninist), were expand the people's war and Put on January 9 and 10 inter- December 16, completely and thoroughlY into effect on cepted Vietnamese aggressors leading organs drive the Vietnamese aggres- 1978. "The between Snoul and Kratie on the two Marxist- sors out of KamPuchean ter- elected by Highway 13, and wiped out 160 oqganizations a ritory. Leninist in enemy soldiers. democratic way have met and formed a single organization Fighting in Svay Rieng. The SECURITY COUNCIL - ' the Central Committee of the Kampuchean Revolutionary l1.4lt':.1 '(i.,., 3y1 lfur, llirti--t;. Marxist-Leninist Communist Army on January 10 mounted At the United Nations Party of Belgium. The Central a fierce attack on Vietnamese Security Council meetings to Committee and its Political aggressors stationed in Svay discuss Vietnamese aggression Bureau assume the leadership Rieng City. The K.R.A. destroy- against Kampuchea, the aggres- of the Party, leading the realiza- ed enemy positions after 15 sors and their backstage maniP- tion of the organizational uni- minutes of fighting and an- ulator, the Soviet Union, found fication at the levels of branches nihilated two battalions. Enemy 'themselves in the dock faeing and regional committees. They survivors fled in disarray. grave charges, while Democratic a congress of unitY will convene 0n Highway 4. After con- Kampuchea's just struggle the Marxist-Leninists in the of tinuous fierce fighting on Jan- against aggression and for the near future." uary 9 and 10 in Prey Nop and defence of its independence, The article stresses: "The two Tuk Sap, the Kampuchean sovereignty and territorial Marxist-Leninist organizations Revolutionary Army repulsed integrity had the suppoirt of are aware of the necessity of Vietnamese invaders and re- the overwhelming majority of their political and ideological gained control. More than 300 countries. The delegation of unity and thus have realized enemy troops were wiped out. Democratic Kampuchea rep- their organizational unitY." Fighting Near Phnom Penh. resenting the 8 million Kampuchean Revolutionary Kampuchean people at the VIETNAMESE AGGRESSION Army units and guerrillas on Security Council formallY Put January 9 and 10 in Ponhea Lu forward its five-point legitimate X#ntPue l;rrl.tri and Kompong Lung Des Bacs demand to check Vietnamese Ct}rutltryr'pil r.", i.;,' attacked marauding Viet- aggression and safeguard na- The Voice of Democratic namese invaders. TheY destroY- tional independence, sovereigntY Kampuchea radio on JanuarY ed two enemy tanks, damaged and temitorial integrity. The

2A Beijing Reuieu: No. 4 Chinese permanent delegation from the three largest con- year. The exiled Moslem opposi- to the United Nations submitted tinents in the world were not tion leader Ayatollah Khomeini to the Security Council an members of any military blot. insisted on deposing the Shah, eight-point proposition con- In spite of their differences in while the leader of the National demning the Vietnamese ag- cultqre and societies, they were Front, Karim Sandjabi, refus- gression against Kampuchea. united in .adhering to the ed to co-operate with the Shah. Meanwhile a draft resolution principles of non-alignment and There have been many large- was tabled jointly on January non-interference in the internal scale demonstrations in Teheran 15 by seven non-aligned coun- affairs of other countries and to and other cities. Continual tries Bangladesh, Bolivia, lhe cardinal principles of the strikes of oil workers since last Gabon,- Jamaica, Kuwait, United Nations Charter and in- December have reduced oil Nigeria and Zambia .-- demand- ternational law, he said. production, the lifeblood of ing the withdrawal of foreign The seven-nation draft resolu- Iran's national economy, frorn troolx from Kampuchea. As tion was adopted finally by a an average daily output of 6 the dernands and the draft vote of 13 to 2 at the Security million barrels to 300,000 bar- resolution are all in the inter- Council. But the reasonable and rels, almost collapsing the na- est of safeguarding the aim and .just resolution was arbitrarily tion's economic life, Iran, the principles of the U.N. Charter vetoed by the Soviet Union. second largest oil-exporting and to cheek Vietnamese ag- This once again lays bare the country in the world, has been gression and support the hegemonist designs of the Soviet forced to import petroleum Kampuchean people's just social-imperialists to rundermine from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait cause, they had the support of the fundamental , aim and for home consumption, which the great Se- majority of the principles of the United Nations. has been rationed. The military curity Council member states. government headed by Premier IRAN The draft resolution of the Gholam Reza Azhan which was non-aligned countries called 5:tlr*ti*n -*ti!l *;:*!**le formed on November 6 last year upon all foreign forces involved A nine-member regency coun- resigned at the end of the year. in the situation in Democratic cil led by Bakhtiar was formed Leader of the National Front Kampuchea to observe an im- on January 14 to exercise the Karim Sandjabi declined the mediate ceasefire, to put an end 'Shah's pcwers during his ab- Shah's request to form a cabinet. to hostilities and to withdraw sence abroad. The Iranian new In these circumstances the dep- from that country. It also cabinet has won votes of con- uty leader of the Front, Bakh- demanded parties that the fidence from the Senate and the tiar, acceded to the Shah's concerned should adhere National Consultative Assembly request but was immediately strictly to the principle of non- of Parliament on January l5 expelled by the Front. interference in the internal and 16 respectively. After the Shah of Iran went a.tfairs of states, so as to create Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the abroad, the situation remained an atmosphere conducive to the Shahanshah of lran, IeIt unstable. Reports said that on stability of the region. Ieheran on January 16 for "a January 19 more than a million period Introducing the draft, the Iong of vacation" abroad. demonstrated in Teheran and representative frbm Kuwait said Iran has been in political tur- there were also demonstrations that the draft sponsors coming moil sinee the latter half of last in other cities.

What did the correspondent find out in Phnom Penh. by Fang Cheng

Januarg 26, 1979 29 #ru TFilm *{GMffi SruSffiY

g Another Btg Power Gonghe County near Xining, low to produce an additional Station on the capital of Qinghai Province. The 500 million kwh. of electricity a Euanghc. Longyang Gorge here flanked year. by rocky cliffs more than 150 Work on the 1.6-million-kw. metres high is only 30 metres Low-cost power from the longyang Gorge hydropower wide. Longyang Gorge station will be station on the ufper reaches of available industrial A 600-metre-long tunnel is for the the Huanghe (Yellow) River, the being excavated to divert'the cities of Xining and Lanzhou, second largest in China, is being river flow and allow work t<) the oil-rich Qaidam Basin and speeded up. It is one of the 20 start this year in building the the grain-producing Gansu. major hydropower stations dam itself, outlet wprk and Corridor and will do much to scheduled for commis.sioning be- power station buildings. The accelerate the work of building fore 1985. concrete dam will be 172 metres, up the remote, non-indr,rstrial The site of this station is China's highest, and will hold northwest China. 2,600 metres above sea level in back 24,700 million cubic metres of water in a man-made lake China is one of the richqst when completed. countries in water resources, but until now very little of it has This power station is one of been exploited. f ive along the 894-kil.ometre- long stretch from Longyang Gorge to Qingtong Gorge. The other four are already in opera- ;4 fr.ailwug Stationo tion. They are the Liujia Get Bigger Gorge, Yanguo Gorge, Bapan Gorge and Gorge sta- Qingtong China is building a number of atobon tions and have a combined ca- zUuiioCo'gchydrory. t' : 'I big railway stations. Some have pacity of 1.94 million kw. The 1 Yonguo Gorgc hydrory I -;- I been commissioned. !lodon Longyang Gorge station is above l. Bopn 6rye hydory .' I .bton I them and will regulate the flow came 5. OiiehO Gorgc hrdopd- J Lanzhou station, which rbtl6 to enable the four stations be- into use only a few weeks ago, is the biggest in northwest China. It. can accommodate 4,000 passengers. Lanzhou is the junction of four trunk lines (the Lanzhou-Lianyungang' Lanzhou-Xinjiang, Baotou-Lan- zhou and Lanzhou-Qinghai lines), and normally handles a traffic load of 6,000 passengers per day.

The newly completed station in Nanning, capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is architecturally built with marked local national fla- vour. With a floor space of 19,000 square metres, it can cope with movements of 3,500 Pas- At the work-site of the Longyang Gorge hydropower station. sengers.

30 Beijing Reuieto No. 4 the interior of the country. Great changes came in the wake of the democratic reform in 1959. The state extended large sums of money, sent engineers and technicians and equipment to Ngari. With this assistance industry and transport and communications developed. Today, Ngari hums with a growing range of indus- tries fur processing, leather tanning,- coal mining, motor-car repairing, building and hydro- New Nanning railway station, Guangxi. power generating - with 67 per cent of the workers coming Other stations under con- Sprawling over 350,000 square from Tibetans. struction include one in Qiqihar, kilometres, Ngari occupies more Before 1959 working people in northeast China's industrial than one-fourth of the area of Ngari were illiterate. Now city, one in Kaifeng, the ancient the Xizang Autonomous Region. there are 8 middle and 178 city in central China and still It is not barren as some people primary schools. one in Taian' at the foot of imagine it to be, Lakes dot the scenic Mount Tai Shandong in vast grassland which makes for Living standards have gone Province. a natural and ideal pastureland. up considerably and the area In order to meet the needs of Highland barley.. rapeseed and has become self-sufficient in an expanding eeonomy and other erops grow in the broad food. The average income in tourism, the state plans to buif---drainage area of the upper 19?8 gives some idea. Each still more new stations, one in reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo person owns over 60 head ot Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, River and the. Shiquan River. animals, 150 kilogrammes of one in Chongqing, an industrial Ngari abounds in rare species of food grain, and something like city in the southwest, one in birds and animals and it is rich 150 yuan in bank savings into Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei in mineral resources, too. the bargain. yet and another one in Suzhou, In the days of the the garden city in east China. serf-owners, produc- Beijing, the capital city, will get tion was primitive and a new station for its western low and all those who terminal as well. worked for thqse slave-drivers eked out a miserable existence, a The Root Ooer Large numbers of Thc s.froof ot people had to strike The Ulorld" flint to get fire, sew with bone-needles and The Ngari Prefecture, which plough ram- Iies in the western part of Xi- with zang (Tibet), averages 4,500 horns. Th'e inhabitants metres. above sea level. Since carried things them- it towers over other high spots selves or used pack on the Qinghai-Xizang Plategu, animals. Even nails the area has come to be known had to be imported as the roof over the "roof of the from abroad or trans- world." ported overland from On an improved-breed sheeo farm in NSari'

January 26, 1979 31 ffi&ffip$ffi ffiffiffi##ffi*ffi fr A {r.* ${Am!ffi PfiKtruG i { } li. h rg English longuoge tronsmissions *

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GMI Locol Stondord Time Mctrc Bsndt kHz 1 a NdR?H AMERICA 00:00-01 :00 19:00-20:00 (E,S.T.) 19, 16 15060, 15520, 1768d (EAST COAST) 01 :00-02:00 20:00-21:00 (E.S.T.) 19, 16 15060, 15520, 17680 t 02:00-03:00 21;O0-22:OO (E.S.T.) 24, 19, 16 12055, 15060, 17680 12:00-13:00 07:00-08:00 (E.S.T.) 30 9820 E * NOR?H AMERICA 03:00-04:00 19:00-20:00 (P.S.T.) 25, 24," 19 11685,'12055, 15060, ,i. 15300 (wEsT coAsT) ar 0400-05:00 20:00-21 :00 (P.5,T.) 25,24, 19 11685, 12055, 15060, 15300 18:30-19:30 (Aust. '.t1720, {\ AIJSTRALIA AND 08:30-09 r30 E.S,i.) 31, 25, 19, 17 9460, 11600, 5 NEW ZEALAND 20:30-21:30 (N.Z.S.T.) 15045, 17635 19:30-20:30 (Aust. E.S.T.) 31, 25, 19, 17 9460, 11600, 11720, = 09:30-10:30 I 21 :3O-22:30 (N.Z.S.T.) 15045,17635 )L g2go, SOUTHEAST ASIA 12:00-13:00 19:00-20:00 (Western lndonesio, 32, 25, 19, 16 11650, 15270, .= Bongkok) 17805 19:30-20-30 (Singopore) 20100-21 :00 (Ho Chi Minh City, Monilo) lE:30-1930 (Rongoon)

l3 :00'14 :00 20:00-21 :00 (Western lndonesio, 32, 25, 19, 16 9290, 11650, 15270, Bongkok) 17805 20:30-21 :30 (Singopore) 21:N-2;@ (Ho Chi Minh City, Monilo) 19:30-20:30 (Rongoon) SOU"H ASIA 14:00-15:00 19:30-20:30 (Delhi, Colombo) 30; 25, 19 9860, 11650, 15080 19:00-20O0 (Rowolpindi) 20:00-21 :00 (Docco) 19:40-20:40 (Kothmondu) 15:00-16:00 20:30-21 :30 (Delhi, Colombo) 30, 25, 19 9860, 11650, 15080 20:00-21 :00 (Rowolpindi) 21:00-2:OO (Docco) 2O;4O-21 :4O (Kothmondu) 18:00-19r0O 23:30-00:30 (Delhi) 247 1210 (Cope EAST. AND SOUTH 16:00-17:00 18:00-19:00 Town, Sol,isbury) 30, l9 9860, 15670 A?RICA 19:00-20:00 (Dor-es-Soloom) 17;00-18:00 19:00-20:0O (Cope Town, Solisbury) 30, 19 9860, 15670 20:00-21 :00 (Dor.es-Soloom) '18:45-19:45 IIZES" AND NORTTI 19:30-20:30 (Monrovio) 39, 30,26 76N, 9880, 11302' AFRICA 19:30-20:30 (Accro, Freetown) 20:30-21 :30 (Logos) 21:3O-22:3O (Coiro) 20:30-21 :30 19 :45-2O :45, (Monrovio) 39, 30, 26 7620, 9880, 11302 20:30-21 :30 (Accro, Freetown) 21 :30-22:30 (Logos) 22:30-23:30 (Coiro) (London, EUROPD 20:30-21 :30 21:3O-22t3O Stockholm, 47,43, 40 6270, 6860, 7470 Poris) t 21:3O-?2.:3O 2230-23:30 (London, Stockholm, 47,43, 40 6270, 6860, 7470 Poris)

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