An Analysis of Western Grebe Banding and Recovery Data

Bruce A. Eichhorst Departmentof Biology, Box 8238 University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND 58202

INTRODUCTION

Informationon the migratorymovements of indi- banded through 1957. However, because the vidualsin the "Western"Grebe complex(genus "banding retrieval file" only contains data for Aechmophorus)is limitedand based mainlyon nongamespecies banded after 1954, data on the observationsof flocksize changesmade during 71 individuals banded before 1955 were not avail- migrationat Pacificcoast sites (Briggs et al. 1987, able for this analysis. Campbellet al. 1990). No assessmentof move- mentsbased on bandingrecovery data has been Locationsof bandingand recoveryencounter sites made. In thispaper I quantifythe extentof past weremapped using the program "Atlas Mapmaker" "Western"Grebe bandingand determinemove- (StrategicMapping Inc.) on a Macintosh. The mentsbased on the availablerecovery encounter latitude-longitudecoordinates provided in the band- data. ing and encounterdata representthe southeast cornerof the 10 minuteblocks within which bandings Before 1985, the "Western" Grebe was described or encountersoccurred. I adjustedthese coordi- as consistingof two colorforms, a darkphase and nates before mappingso the pointson the maps a lightphase (Storer 1965, AOU 1983). Currently, showcenters of 10' blocks. Bandingand encoun- theseforms are recognizedas separatebiological ter locale names assigned 10' blockswere pro- species. The dark phase is knownas Western vided by BBL. Grebe (A. occidentalis)and the light phase as Clark'sGrebe (A. clarkii) (AOU 1985:680-681 ). For In this paper I define a direct recoveryas one in the bandingdata I can makeno distinction between which one migratoryseason occurredbetween these two speciesbecause identification of color bandingand recoveryencounter, and an indirect forms in banding records is limited and Clark's recoveryas one in whichmore than one migratory Grebes were not identified in records before 1989 seasonoccurred between bandingand recovery (D. Bystrak,pers. comm.). However, most bandings encounter. are of WesternGrebes (in the strictsense) since the majorityof recordsare of individualsbanded in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Canada where the relativefrequency of Clark's Grebes is < 5% (Eichhorstand Parkin 1S91). Bandings Hereafterin thispaper "Western Grebe" refers to bothspecies in thiscomplex. Between 1955 and 1986, 1,429 Western Grebes were banded. By four-year periods, numbers METHODS banded and recoveries are as follows: 1955-1958, 16 banded, 0 recoveries; 1959-1962, 9, 0; 1963- I obtainedbanding summary data for the period 1966, 33, 2; 1967-1970, 15, 1; 1971-1974, 224, 7; 1955-1986, and recoveryencounter data received 1975-1978, 893, 11; 1979-1982, 159, 24; 1983- as of March 1989, from the BirdBanding Labora- 1986, 81, 9. Banding activity was lowest mid- tory (BBL), U.S. Fishand WildlifeService. Palmer winter,highest in summer,and secondhighest in (1962) reported that 86 Western Grebes were fall migration.Numbers banded and recoveredby July-Sept.1992 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page 108 month are as follows: January, 17 banded, 7 greatestnumber encountered in any four-year recoveries;February, 37, 8; March,45, 6; April,48, periodwas 24 during1979-1982, directly after the 9; May,77, 6; June,604, 5; July,229, 2; August,43, four-yearperiod during which the largest number of 1; September,80, 3; October,161,3; November, grebeswas banded. No grebes were encountered 73, 2; December, 15, 2. morethan once and onlya singleindividual (#7) was released alive. The time elapsed between Banding"status" and "additional information" codes bandingand encounter ranged from one day (#8) reportedto BBL are listed in Table 1. Auxiliary to nearlyeight years (#14); mean intervalwas 1 marking was applied to 762 (53.3%) Western year 10.5 months. Grebes. A total of 304 (21.3%) individualswere bandedas a resultof sicknessor injury(Table 1). Encounterswere reportedfrom 44 different10' Of 1,184 grebes for whichage was determined, blocksin 10 statesor provinces(Fig. 1B). Mostof 88.3% were AHY (Table2). Of thosefor whichsex theseblocks are on the Pacificcoast (n = 39). One was determined(898), 47.3% were males(Table block had three encounters and seven blocks had 2). two encounterseach. Nearly equal numbersof males(n = 19) and females(n = 20) are repre- Western Grebes were banded by 56 permittees. sented. Only seven permitteesbanded > 15 birds (877, 185, 49, 49, 49, 38, 23 each). Nuechterlein(1975, The remainingdiscussion deals mainly with West- 1981), as partof studieson WesternGrebe colony ernGrebes banded attwo breeding sites in Manitoba site selection and social behavior, banded 877 which contributed 37 of 54 recoveries. No Western grebes in Manitoba between ß1974and 1978. Grebes were recovered in Mexico, which indicates SeedskadeeNWR, Wyoming,between 1975 and eitherthat mostindividuals from northernbreeding 1981, banded 185 grebesas partof an experimen- populationsdo not winterthat far south, or that tal program to recover waterbirdsfrom chemical Western Grebes are not recovered and reported solarevaporation ponds (T. Pabian,pers. comm.). fromMexico. I believethe latterpossibility is less Almosthalf of the remaininggrebes (169 of 367) likelythan the formersince banded Eared Grebes were bandedas a resultof injury,oiling or sickness have been recovered from several Mexican sites (Table 1). (Jehl and Yochem 1986; see #4 in Appendix). Individualsfrom southern US breeding popula- Bandingoccurred within 67 different 10' blocks in tions,however, may wintersouth of the US-Mexi- 15 differentstates and provinces(Table 2 and Fig. canborder, but more banding at southernUS sites 1A). The number of grebes banded per block is needed for confirmation. rangedfrom 1 to 701. Only 13 blockshad > 10 birds banded (701,176, 83, 56, 54, 50,49, 44, 42, 21,18, Manitobagrebes were recoveredin winter along 15, 11 each). the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to extremesouthern California, with the highestcon- Recovery encounters centrations in the Vancouver-Seattle and San Fran- cisco areas. The few recoveries between these Fifty-four(3.8%) WesternGrebes banded between twoareas is likelya reflectionof lowhuman density 1955 and 1986 were encounteredand reportedto which reduces band encounters. Locations of BBLas of March1989. The BBL"recoveryfile" also direct and indirect recoveries are similar and corre- containedfour encountersof grebes banded be- spondwith the winterdistribution based on Christ- fore 1955. All recoveryencounters are summa- mas BirdCount data (Root 1988). The extensive rizedin the Appendix.Further analysis is restricted distributionof Manitobagrebes along the Pacific to post-1954 banded grebes. There are 12 direct coastwas notdue solelyto inter-yeardifferences ßand 32 indirect recoveries of Western Grebes. in dispersal.For example,of six grebesbanded at Marshy Point in 1977 and recoveredthat winter, Encountersoccurred during all monthsbut were fourmigrated to the same area in Washington(#20, morefrequent between January and June (n = 41) 28, 36, 38) and two to widely separated coastal than betweenJuly and December(n = 13). The sites in California(#24, 37). Vol. 17,No.3 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page 109 Notall Manitobagrebes winter on the Pacificcoast. The onlygrebe banded in winter and recoveredin Two indirectrecoveries suggest that some grebes summer was #55. It was banded on the California winterinland (see #22, 34). In addition,a Western coastand founddead the same year near Lajord, Grebe I banded at Delta Marsh, Manitoba, June Saskatchewan. Intra-winter movement of Western 1989, was recoveredSeptember 1990 at Caballo Grebes was minimal. None of seven individuals Lake, New Mexico. (#7,8, 11,18,41,52, 57) recoveredwithin 90 days of bandingtraveled greater than 20 km. Another Althoughthese recoveries indicate where Manitoba individual(#56) banded near San Rafael,Califor- grebeswinter, routes taken by these grebes during nia, was recoveredsix monthslater but onlyabout fall migrationare not easily discernable. Few 20 kmsouth of itsbanding block. Palmer (1962:98) individuals were recovered at sites between breed- statedthat spring migration probably begins in late ing and winteringgrounds. One individual(#13) March "with n. coastal movement from the s. ex- bandedat Delta Marshwas recoveredat Okanagan tremityofwinter range along Pacific coast of Mexico:" Lake,British Columbia, suggesting a directroute to buthe did notprovide any empiricaldata to support the west. The only other recoveryof a Manitoba hisstatement. None of the above eight recoveries grebe in fall is that of #44, a female recoveredat are useful in evaluatingthis hypothesizednorth- Canyon Ferry Lake, Mortana. Assumingshe south movement. spentthe summersomewhere north-to-east of the recoverysite, this location, at theeastern base of Onlytwo Western Grebes (#9, 10) bandedduring the RockyMountains, suggests a reststop prior to winterwere recoveredduring a subsequentwinter. flyingover the mountains,possibly enroute to the Bothwere banded in April near Richmond, Califor- Pacific coast. nia. #10 was recoveredthe followingMarch in the 10' blockjust south of Richmond.If it migratedand Two grebes (#53, 54) banded in October near returnedfrom a breedingsite, then it providesone Green River, Wyoming,were both recoveredin instanceof winter-site philopatry. The othergrebe Nevada at knownwintering areas (Alcorn1988, was recoverednear Westport, Washington, about Root 1988). 950 km north of Richmond.

Nuechterlein(1982) markedWestern Grebes with nasalsaddles to identifyindividuals for behavioral Longevity records studies. Althoughhe noted that some of the 462 marked individualsreturned in later years, he did Klimkiewiczand Futcher (1989) mistakenlyre- not attemptto determinethe extent of philopatry ported#51 as the longevityrecord for Western (Nuechterlein,pers. comm.). Three individuals Grebes,at least6 years7 monthsold. Threeother that he bandedwere recoveredduring later breed- individuals are older than #51 and were in BBL ing seasons. Two males (#33, 46) banded at records:#40 at 6 years9 months,#48 at 6 years MarshyPoint, locatedon the east shore of Lake 10 months, and #14 at 9 years. The current Manitoba, were recovered in the same 10' block on longevityrecord is that of #14. These minimum thewest shore of LakeWinnipeg, approximately 90 agesare based on their assumption that birds had km away. The third individual(#14), a female hatched1 Junethe year priorto banding.Some banded at Delta Marsh, was found dead on a nest WesternGrebes apparently live longerthan nine two10' blocks directly south. Agrebe (#12) banded years.At DeltaMarsh, on 23 June1989, I observed at Bear River MigratoryBird Refuge, Utah, was a WesternGrebe that appeared to have a white founddead just south of Provo Lake, Utah, the nasal saddle. Based on when Nuechterlein put followingMay. Although these recoveriesand nasal saddles on Western Grebes, that individual Nuechte rlein's observations demonstrate that some wouldhave been between13 and 16 years old in Western Grebes will return to the same or nearby 1989, at minimum. breedingsites, other individuals disperse to distant breedingsites in later years. For example,a male (#29)from Delta Marsh was recovered just. east of Lac la Biche, Alberta.

July-Sept.1992 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page 110 CONCLUSIONS reviewermade helpful comments on earlierdrafts of thispaper. The recoverydata clearlydemonstrate that most WesternGrebes from Manitoba breeding sites can LITERATURE CITED be found in winter along the Pacificcoast from southernBritish Columbiato San Diego,California. Alcorn, J. R. 1988. The birds of Nevada. Fairview Therefore,while a portionof the populationmi- West Publishing,Fallon, NV. gratesdirectly west in the fall,others may move in AmericanOrnithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list a moresouthwesterly direction. Intra-winter move- of North American birds, 6th ed. AOU, ment appears to be minimaland some individuals Washington,DC. mayreturn to the same sites in subsequent winters. 1985. Thirty-fifthsupplement to the Ameri- Duringlater breedingseasons, some individuals canOrnithologists' Union check-list of North will returnto the sameor nearbymarshes, while American birds. Auk 102:680-686. othersdisperse to more distantmarshes. Briggs,K. T., W. B. Tyler, D. B. Lewisand D. R. Carlson. 1987. Bird communities at sea off California: 1975 to 1983. Stud. Avian Biol. BecauseWestern Grebes are gregarious through- No. 11. out the year, they are vulnerableto habitatalter- Campbell,R. W., N. K. Dawe,I. McTaggart-Cowan, ationsand humandisturbances during the breed- J. M. Cooper,G. W. Kaiserand M. C. E. ingseason (Riske 1976, pers. obs.) and to oil spills McNall. 1990. The birds of British Colum- duringthe winter (Small et al. 1972).In addition, as bia, vol. 1. Roy. Brit.Columbia. Mus., fish-eatingspecialists, they are vulnerable to pes- Victoria, BC. ticidesand toxicpollutants (Rudd and Herman Eichhorst, B. A., and B. D. Parkin. 1991. Clark's 1972,Henny et al. 1990). Alongwith other colonial Grebesand suspectedWestern x Clark's waterbirds,these factors have made them of par• hybridsin Manitoba.Blue Jay49:196-200. ticularconcern to various wildlife agencies (Guertin Guertin, D. S., and L. A. Pfannmuller. 1985. and Pfannmuller1985, Koonzand Rakowski1985, Colonialwaterbirds in Minnesota:an up- Hennyet al. 1990).Complete and comprehensive date of their distribution and abundance. informationabout migratory movements is needed Loon 57:67-75. if nongamebiologists are to make informedman- Henny, C. J., J. B. Lawrenceand R. A. Grove. agement decisions. While we now have informa- 1990. WesternGrebe, Aechmophorus tionfor populations in the northeasternpart of the occidentalis,wintering biology and con- breedingrange, it ispresumptive to concludethat taminant accumulation in Commencement thesame holds for populations inother areas of the Bay,Puget Sound, Washington. Can. Field- range. Nat. 104:460-472. Jehl, J. R., Jr., and P. K. Yochem. 1986. Move- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS mentsof EaredGrebes indicated by band- ing recoveries. J. Field Ornithol.57:208- I thankGary Nuechterlein, especially, for banding 212. allthose grebes. Without his effort, our knowledge Klimkiewicz,M. K., and A. G. Futcher. 1989. of theirmovements would be extremelylimited. Longevityrecords of NorthAmerican birds: DannyBystrak of BBLprovided banding and re- supplement1. J. Field Ornithol.60:469- coverydata and kindly answered my questions. I 494. thankJ.B. Holcomb, G. Nuechterlein,R. R. Taylor, Koonz, W. H., and P. W. Rakowski. 1985. Status DeltaWaterfowl and WetlandResearch Station, of colonialwaterbirds nesting in southern NationalBison Range Refuge, Oakland Parks and Manitoba. Can. Field-Nat. 99:19-29. RecreationCenter, Peninsula Humane Society, Nuechterlein,G. L. 1975. Nestingecology of PointReyes Bird Observatory and Seedskadee Western Grebes on the Delta Marsh, NationalWildlife Refuge for permissionto cite Manitoba. M.S. thesis, Colorado State unpublishedbanding and recoverydata. Gary Univ., Fort Collins,CO. Nuechterlein,Robert Storer and an anonymous Vol.17,No.3 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page111 1981. Courtshipbehaviorand reproductive birds:an analysisof ChristmasBird Count isolation between Western Grebe color data. Univ.Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. morphs. Auk 98:335-349. Rudd,R. L., andS. G. Herman. 1972. Ecosystem 1982. Western Grebes, the birdsthat walk transferof pesticideresidues in an aquatic on water. Nat. Geog. 161:624-637. environment,pp.471-485. In Matsumara, Palmer, R. S., ed. 1962. Handbook of North F., G. M. Boushand T. Misato,eds., Environ- Americanbirds. Yale Univ. Press, New mentaltoxicology of pesticides.Academic Haven, CT. Press, New York, NY. Riske, M. E. 1976. Environmental and human Small,J., D. G. Ainleyand H. Strong.1972. Notes impactsupon grebes breeding in central on birds killed in the 1971 San Francisco oil Alberta.Ph.D. diss., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, spill. Calif. Birds3:25-32. AB. Storer,R.W. 1965. The colorphases of the Root,T. L. 1988. Atlasofwintering North American WesternGrebe. LivingBird 4:59-63. Table 1. BandingStatus and AdditionalInformation codes re )orted for Western Grebes. Code Number Explanation banded recovered

300 213 7 Normal (a) 370 35 1 Caughtby spotlighting 608 275 10 Painted,dyed or feathemotherwise marked 611 4 0 Transportedout of 10' blockwhere captured 615 1 0 In•ured 621 48 2 Sick(or exhausted); released upon recovery 634 1 0 Experimentalunknown 636 2 0 Bird held > 24 hr and released 639 25 0 Head or wingtagged 640 47 4 Oil soaked, cleaned & released < 24 hr 650 1 0 Recoveredcripple, transported & released 651 462 23 Billmarker attached (nasal saddle or disc) 656 178 2 Sickor injured,held, treated, transported 657 19 1 Injuryby weatherconditions 660 10 0 Sick or injured,held, treated 675 4 1 Held, transportedand released 685 104 3 Miscellaneous

(a) Includes1 grebe reported with code 400 Appendix. Recoveryencounter data for WesternGrebes.

Date How Date Band No. Age Sex Status Banded Bander / Location Obtnd Enc. Encounter Location I 46-21041 AHY U 300 6-14-34 Nat BisonRange; Willard, UT 00 12-?-36 Santa Cruz, CA 2 46-21267 AHY U 300 6-27-34 Nat BisonRange; Willard, UT 00 3-?-35 Carpinteria,CA 3 406-83569 J U 300 7-05-40 unknown;Baja Calif, Mexico 26 9-10-40 Guanajuato,Mexico 4 377-14377 U U 660 10-15-41 G H TrueJr; TuleLake, CA 01 11-?-41 Tagus,CA 5 597-08307 A M 300 5-09-64 R R Taylor;Regina, SK 50 7?-65 Bankeir, BC 6 597-08314 A F 300 5-20-64 R R Taylor;Regina, SK 45 8-14-64 Regina,SK 7 707-31272 AHY F 675 11-22-68 Nat EcolRes Cntr;Lakeport, CA 28 11-29-68 Lowerlake,CA 8 627-94526 AHY U 640 4-09-71 Pt ReyesBird Obs;Richmond,CA00 4-10-71 San Francisco,CA 9 627-94529 AHY U 640 4-09-71 Pt ReyesBird Obs;Richmond,CA OO 1-26-73 Westport,WA 10 627-94536 AHY F 640 4-18-71 Pt ReyesBird Obs;Richmond,CA00 3-12-72 San Francisco,CA 11 587-08735 AHY M 640 5-O2-71 Pt ReyesBird Obs;Richmond,CA45 7-13-71 Oakland,CA 12 627-44112 AHY U 370 8-30-73 Bear RiverMBR;12.3 mi SW O0 5-24-74 Provo,UT Brigha.rn City, UT July-Sept.1992 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page112 Table 2. Banding data for Western Grebes. State/ No10' Age Sex Province Total Block U L H SY AHY U F M

Alberta 7 3 1 0 4 0 2 6 0 1

Arizona 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

B. Columbia 3 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0

California 201 26 40 1 4 0 156 123 42 36

Colorado 10 5 1 1 1 0 7 6 2 2

Manitoba 879 3 0 93 7 0 779 101 410 368

Montana 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1

Nevada 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

New York 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

North Dakota 11 1 0 0 0 0 11 3 5 3

Oregon 3 3 1 0 0 0 2 3 0 0

Saskatchewan 31 5 1 1 0 0 29 4 13 14

Utah 50 2 0 23 1 0 26 49 1 0

Washington 33 9 5 0 0 1 27 33 0 0 Wyoming 196 4 194 0 0 0 2 196 0 0

Total 1429 67 245 119 19 1 1045 531 473 425

Note: AHY includes49 birdsaged as "adult,"an age designationused prior to 1 July 1967 and whichmay not correspond exactly to AHY.

Appendix (Continued)

Date How Date Band No. Age Sex Status Banded Bander / Location Obtnd Enc. Encounter Location

13 1007-23975 AHY M 300 6-15-74 Delta Res Stat; Delta, MB 00 10-20-74 Summerland, BC

14 1007-23985 AHY F 300 6-15-74 Delta Res Stat; Delta. MB 30 6-06-82 Portagela Prairie,MB

15 1007-23993 AHY M 300 7-15-74 Delta Res Stat; Delta, MB o0 1-Ol-77 Presadero, CA

16 1007-086Ol L U 651 9-07-74 Delta Res Star; Delta, MB 26 1-11-76 Bremerton, WA

17 lOO7-08619 L U 651 9-18-74 Delta Res Stat; Delta, MB 00 10-14-74 Otter Rock, OR

18 807-52496 AHY U 621 1-10-76 C A Sheridan; Tacoma, WA 00 4-01-76 Tacoma, WA

19 1027-40781 L U 300 7-23-76 Delta Res Stat; Delta, MB 00 1-23-77 BodegaHead, CA

20 1087-30924 AHY M 651 6-15-77 DeltaRes Stat;Clarkleigh, MB 00 3-24-78 7 mi E Olalla, WA 21 1087-30929 AHY F 651 6-15-77 Delta Res Stat; Clarkleigh,MB 00 4-04-80 8 mi W San Anselmo, CA

22 1087-28107 AHY M 651 6-20-77 Delta Res Stat; Clarkleigh,MB 00 5-31-80 9 mi E Henderson, NV

23 1087-28118 AHY F 651 6-20-77 DeltaRes Stat;Clarkleigh, MB 00 4-15-79 Suquamish,WA 24 1087-28133 AHY F 651 6-20-77 Delta Res Stat; Clarkleigh,MB 00 11-15-77 Jenner, CA Vol. 17,No.3 North American Bird Bander Page 113 Appendix (Continued)

Dam BardNo..,,g• • Sla•us Baxled Bander/Location

25 1087-28142 ,N-IY F 681 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB

28 1087-28148 ,N-IY M 681 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 2-06-79 Ocean Park,WA

27 1087-28158 ,N-IY M 681 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 5-?-82 Vancouver,BC

2B 1087-28164 AHY F 681 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 10-16-77 ,aberdeen,WA

29 1087-28170 ,N-IY M 681 6-20-77 DeraRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 5-23-79 9 mi E Lac la Bic,he, AB

33 1087-28172 AHY F 651 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 3-10-79 Pont Brown,WA

31 1087-28200 AHY M 651 6-20-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 5-07-79 Frees•ne,CA

32 1087-28208 AHY F 651 6-25-77 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB

38 1087-28253 AHY M 651 6-25-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 9-18-79 Frausa,•

3• 1087-28296 AHY F 651 6-25-77 DeraRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 1-29-79 u•known,NV

35 1087-28304 AHY F 651 6-25-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 5-21-79 18 miW V'cl[•, BC

36 1087-28309 AHY F 651 6-25-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 2-12-78 LakeBay, WA

37 1087-28343 AHY F 651 6-25-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB

38 597-O64O3 AHY M 651 6-28-77 DellaRes Slat; Clarkleigh, MB 2-19-78 7 mi E OlaJla,WA

• 597-06424 AHY M 651 6-28-77 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB -m-eo ,WA

40 1087-28389 AHY F 651 7-09-77 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 3-17-83 Richm•, •

41 1027-13434 AHY U 300 1-28-78 OaklndPk & RecClr,Oaklnd,CA 2-16-78 SanFrarcisco, CA

42 1087-30766 AHY F 608 5-25-78 DellaRes Slat; Clarkleigh, MB sprng83 Arroyo•, CA

43 1087-30770 AHY M 608 5-25-78 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 4-17-79 Fox Island,WA

44 1087-30788 AHY F 608 5-25-78 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB

45 1107-34132 AHY M 608 6-21-78 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 2-06-80 Westl:x:•,WA

46 1107-34135 AHY M 608 6-21-78 DeraRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB

47 1107-34153 AHY F 608 6-21-78 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 12-04-82 Ventura,CA

48 597-06474 AHY M 608 6-26-78 DellaRes Slot; ClarkJeigh, MB 4-O2-84 OceanPark, WA

49 1107-34159 AHY F 608 6-26-78 DeraRes Slat; Clarkleigh, MB 3-11-83 •,BC

• 1107-34233 AHY M 608 7-11-78 DeraRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 9-15-83 7 miE Cassidy,BC

51 1107-34256 AHY M 608 7-11-78 DellaRes Slot; Clarkleigh, MB 1-08-84 5 mi E Manches•r,CA

• 1117-23208 AHY U 657 3-06-79 F Hosea;11 miS Moclip6,WA 4-05-79 PointBrown,WA 58 1127-00805 U U 656 10-31-79 Seed½;11 miS 12-05-79Las Vegas, NV .Riview,WY

July-Sept.1992 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page 114 Appendix (Continued)

Dale BandNo. .age Se• Status Banded Bander / Location Encounter Location 54 1127-00806 U U 656 10-31-79 SeedskadeeNWR;11rni S Sutcliffe,NV Riview,WY

55 1117-32318 ,N-IY U 685 1-18-80 JB Holcomb;San Rafael,CA CO 6-23-8O Lajord,SK

56 1117-32347 ,N-IY U 621 10-21-81 JB Holcomb;San Rafael,CA CO 4-11-82 Berkeley,CA

57 1367-34814 ,N-IY U 685 2-06-86 PeninsulaHumane Soc; CO 2-1 0-86 San Mateo, CA Burlingame,CA

58 977-00390 ,N-IY U 685 6-03-86 G WhittellWRC; Nashua,CA CO Nashua,CA

Age codesJ (juvenile)and A (adult)discontinued in 1962.

Recovery_codes: oo found dead o9 caughtby or due to hawks,owls, or other raptors 23 caughtor found dead due to oilor tar 26 caughtby or due to entanglementin fishinggear 28 caughtby hand 3o died in nest 45 founddead or injuredon highway 5o found dead; band with skeleton or bone only 56, no information other than bird was obtained 98, band or band numberonly obtained i ; i

;"

A 17:...... ? : ...... , i ; Figure ß...... LocationsJ- of'10' blocks inwhich Western Gl'e bes were ; ...... banded !...... i•,i"•and recovered (B). Vol.17,No.3 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page115