Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire

Home , Calcot Park, Tilehurst, Tilehurst (civil parish)

T H A M E S V A L L E Y AARCHAEOLOGICALRCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S

Building Recording

by Danielle Milbank

Site Code: CBC12/63

(SU 6761 7168)

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire

Building Recording

For Mr Nigel Thompson

by Danielle Milbank

Thames Valley Archaeological Services

Ltd

Site Code CBC 12/63

October 2012 Summary

Site name: Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire

Grid reference: SU 6761 7168

Site activity: Building Recording

Date and duration of project: 19th June 2012

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site code: CBC 12/63

Summary of results: The appraisal has shown that the building has undergone several phases of remodeling and extension since the construction of the barn in the late 17th or 18th century. Most significantly, the barn was converted into a dwelling, with rebuilding of the walls and a range of rooms added at the north in the 19th century, and a later (20th century) extension at its southern end. Several features of the barn have been retained and the roof structure is intact and in good condition. The proposed renovation will not substantially alter the building as it currently exists.

Location and reference of archive: The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and will be deposited with Reading Museum in due course. A copy of the report will be lodged with the National Monuments Record.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder

Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 2.10.12

i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire Building Recording

by Danielle Milbank

Report 12/63 Introduction

This report documents the results of building recording at Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West

Berkshire (SU6761 7168) (Fig. 1). The work was commissioned by Mr Nigel Thompson, Calcot Barn, Low

Lane, Reading, RG31 7RT. Planning permission (09/02614/FULMAJ) has been gained from West Berkshire

District Council to convert the building into seven new residential units. The consent is subject to a condition (5) relating to archaeology.

This is in accordance with and guided by Planning for the Historic Environment (PPS5 2010), and the

Council’s planning policies. The building recording was carried out to a specification approved by Mr Duncan

Coe, who advises the District Council on matters relating to Archaeology. The fieldwork was undertaken by

Danielle Milbank on the 19th July 2012 and the site code is CBC 12/63.

The archive is presently held at Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading and a copy of the report will be lodged with the National Monuments Record.

Location, topography and geology

The site is located at the south of Calcot, which lies at the southwestern margins of Reading, c. 4.5km southwest of the centre of Reading, but just within West Berkshire (Fig. 1). The site lies on the south side of Low

Lane, with the entrance in the northwest. It is roughly square, with the house occupying the southwest of the plot as it is currently defined. The west elevation of the building forms the plot boundary, beyond which is a grassed area and residential plots, with further houses and gardens to the south, north and east.

The site lies on fairly level ground at a height of approximately 60m above Ordnance Datum, and the underlying geology is mapped as Reading Beds (BGS 1946).

Historical Background

There is no record of Calcot or Calcot Row before the 18th century but it is thought that the placename has an origin similar to that of Caldecote. This is a combination of the Old English cald and cot, meaning cold or inhospitable cottage or travellers’ shelter (Mills 1998).

No mention is made of Calcot or Tilehurst, the parish in which it lies, in Domesday Book (Williams and

Martin 1992) and it is likely that they had been subsumed in the entry for Reading. Tilehurst was owned by

Reading Abbey until the Dissolution when, in 1525, it was transferred to Francis Englefield (VCH 1923).

Tilehurst manor house was located at Calcot House, now the clubhouse of Calcot Park Golf Course.

The area of the site is not shown on any of the early maps of the county. The first map to show the area is some detail is Rocque’s map of 1761 (Fig. 2), and although the depiction is more representative than literal in this area, the three farm buildings, including the barn at the east, are shown as simple rectangles. These buildings are similarly shown on Pride’s 1790 map (not illustrated) which may simply be a copy of Rocque in this area.

The 1817 enclosure map (Fig. 3) shows the barn at the west of a cluster of three buildings which comprise

Calcot Farm. Here, the cart entrances at the east and west are clearly shown, and there is a block at the north, probably the farmhouse, with an unusually-shaped building (shown as a rhombus) at the east. The initials ‘J.B.’ suggest that the farm and surrounding land were owned by John Blagrave, (1630-1704) a Member of Parliament for Reading and part of a prominent political family.

The tithe map of 1844 (not illustrated) shows the barn modified, with structures added at the southwest and northeast. Some remodelling has also been carried out on the other farm buildings at the north and east, which have been enlarged.

The First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1878 (Fig. 4) shows the shape of the original barn (a rectangular structure with projecting parts at the east and west for the cart way), with the addition of a small room on the east side, filling in the space to the north of the cart entrance. Subsequent editions (not illustrated) show the addition at the west of a small structure (outbuilding) and the construction of the north range by 1899, and the southern extension at the south east, built some time between the turn of the century and 1932. The later part of the 20th century saw little change in the overall footprint of the building, and its present layout is shown on the current plan of the site (Fig. 5).

Methodology

The building survey was carried out in accordance with guidelines set out by the Royal Commission on Historic

Monuments (RCHME 1991) for a Level 2 building recording, with particular attention given to proposed changes to the existing fabric (EH 2006). At the time the building recording was carried out, the house was occupied by the tenants and owner, and the whole of the structure was accessible.

Description

The building is a broadly L-shaped structure, with the long part on a south south west by north north east axis, and a shorter block at the south (Figs 6 and 7). For the purposes of the building recording, the building will be described as if aligned north-south. There is a drive and a car park at the north, which are both Tamacadamed and the garden (a lawn surrounded by beds and trees) with a paved area alongside the building at the east.

At the north, the building comprises a one-storey range of rooms (the north range), with the two-storey former barn to the south (Plate 1). A range of rooms at the south extends from the east side of the main building, and is two storeys high (south extension).

The north range has a plain red clay tiled gable roof with curved ridge tiles, which is slightly sagging between the bays. The tiles of the lower two thirds have cut corners and are hung to produce a pattern. The roof of the former barn is steep and half-hipped, and also has plain red clay tiles with curved ridge tiles. There are three modern skylight windows on the east side, three pairs and a single skylight on the west side of the roof of the former barn. The roof over the cart entrance at the east has been hung with a diamond-shape of the same corner-cut tiles as the north range roof. At the west, the cart entrance roof has a further pair of skylights.

Several small areas of repair are visible, with modern replacements for older tiles, however the roof as a whole is probably of Victorian date, with the barn roof replaced when the northern range was added.

The roof of the southern extension is a double-pitched gable roof, with a steep upper part and a shallower pitch at the east over a one-storey addition.

North elevation (Fig. 8)

At the west, the one storey north range elevation is built of sharp-edged bricks (230 x 70 x 118mm) laid to a stretcher bond, with occasional closers inserted to follow the shape of the gable end (Pl. 2). There is an exposed end truss comprising two principle rafters on side purlins, below which is the brick infill of the gable end. Here, the timbers rest on the brick course at the eaves and are machine cut. A timber lintel over a modern window (two side-hung casements either side of two fixed panes in a wooden frame) is also machine cut and appears, along with the window, to be a more recent insert. At the west, a brick pillar is keyed into the north elevation. Below the window is a double course of clay roof tiles.

The half-hipped north elevation of the former barn has exposed timber framing of black-stained wood, with a combination of hand-cut timbers with a fairly weathered appearance at the eaves and three vertical posts at the gable which all appear to be original (Pl. 3). At first floor height, there is brick infill in a stretcher bond,

with sharp-edged bricks (measuring 230 x 70 x 118mm) in a white mortar. A window set into the panel to the left of centre is a modern three-pane casement with a wooden frame, above which is a machine cut timber lintel.

Above this is brick infill, with a header arch formed of brick.

There is a hand-cut timber wallplate on the left hand side below the window, which appears to be original to the barn. On the right, there is no visible timber and it is likely that this was removed and replaced with modern internal support when the northern extension was added. The brick infill below the timber is largely

English bond, with some variation to compensate for the irregular timber shape.

At the left, there are two columns of headers within the brickwork, each five bricks high, which infill ventilation slots.

There is a heavy timber lintel forming a porch. The wood is machine cut, however there are two further timbers behind these (within the porch) which appear to be hand-cut, and are more weathered, suggesting they were formerly on the exterior, and part of the original structure (though it is possible they are reused pieces).

Below this is a doorway with a smaller, modern machine cut wooden lintel with a modern wooden door leading into the ground floor. At the right of this, the wall widens slightly, with two stepped-out brick courses.

The north-facing elevation of the former cart entrance is rendered and painted, which masks any evidence for an extension to this part of the building, however an extension was seen in photographs taken c.1970 (not illustrated). There is a doorway with a low arch and a modern door, which leads into the kitchen.

The northern elevation of the southern extension (Pl. 4) comprises two gables with brick infill where they have been joined to form one double pitch roof over the two storey part at the right and the one-storey to the left.

The brickwork of this part is laid to a Flemish bond, with a brick header arch over a blocked window, which is partially overlapped by a modern (later 20th century) single fixed pane window at first floor level.

On the ground floor, a modern machine cut timber forms a lintel for a wide doorway with sliding patio doors, with a small top-hung three pane modern casement to the left.

East elevation

The east elevation at the right hand side consists of the single-storey north range (Pl. 5). This is built in four bays, with the wooden posts (weathered and possibly hand cut timbers) exposed. Several empty mortices suggest these timbers have been re-used from another structure, based on the positions of the holes. The brick plinths which these rest on are visible at the base of the wall, and are formed of three courses of bricks in a grey mortar.

The brickwork varies, with an irregular, but largely Flemish, bond and greyish mortar at the far right bay, which has a modern casement window. At the second bay, there is a narrow French window, and the brickwork is stretcher bond, with white mortar. The third and fourth bays (at the left) are the same mortar and Flemish bond as the first, with some irregularities. The windows in these bays (two-pane and three-pane side-hung casements match those at the right and also the French windows, and appear to have been installed at the same time in the late 20th century.

The east-facing elevation of the former barn is rendered and plastered (Pl. 6). There is a modern two-pane side-hung wood-framed casement window at the left, with a matching three-pane (central pane fixed) window at the left.

The former cart way has modern glass throughout, with access to the kitchen through French windows, all of which are of recent (late 20th century) date. There is a black-painted sill at the base of the wall.

To the left of this is the east elevation of the southern extension which is part rendered and partly bare brick, with a wooden board at the eaves. There is a modern wooden door in a square-headed frame, and to the left of this, two modern windows, each of a top-hung casement over a fixed pane.

West elevation

At the north, the west elevation comprises the single-storey north range, with bare bricks laid to a Flemish bond and no exposed timbers (Pl. 7). To the south is the former barn. Here, the brickwork is Flemish bond, and there are closers at the cart way returns. The columns at each side also have closers. The wall filling in the entrance is largely stretcher bond, with headers and closers arranged vertically to enable the pattern to fit at the edges, where it is not keyed in to the columns (Pl. 8). There is a modern wooden casement window in this wall, which is late 20th century in date.

To the right of the entrance there are two modern single pane fixed windows, matching that in the cart entrance wall. The west elevation of the southern extension projects beyond the barn at the south side, and the wall is rendered and painted.

South elevation

The south elevation at the left consists of the rendered and painted blank wall of the former barn (Pl. 9). To the right is the rendered and painted gable end of the south extension, with the top of the wall projecting to form a

parapet at the left side of the double pitch roof (Pl. 10). Here, a small side-hung casement window has been inserted in the gable, and the wall steps out slightly at first floor level.

Interior

Ground floor

The northern range is occupied by room 1, a living room. The walls are bare brick, apart from the plastered and painted wall at the west. The ceiling is open to the roof, with exposed machine cut timbers (beams and struts) at the gable at the north end (Pl. 11), and a heavy wooden wallplate which acts as a lintel to the window, which also has a heavy wooden sill. Above this is a diamond shape of headers in the brickwork.

The timber posts for the bays are hand-cut, however they carry a machine-cut wall plate at the east and west. This carries a roof structure of machine-cut modern timbers. At the centre of the room, a beam aligned east-west carries two struts (one of which has been reinforced with a second piece of timber), which in turn support the side purlins, which support the rafters.

At the east, the French window has a modern wooden lintel, and there is no wallplate at the south of the room. This is probably due to the fact that this was formerly an open bay (i.e. roofed but without walls) until the later 20th century. To the south of this room, a doorway leads into a kitchen (room 2). Above room 2 is a mezzanine floor providing storage within the gable. Here, the space between the beam, struts and rafters has brick infill, and access is via a ladder.

Room 2 is a kitchen with built-in units and has a small bathroom (3) at the west behind a partition wall.

Here, the west wall has a brick buttress, and the wall is plastered and painted. There is a modern window with a machine-cut timber lintel. At the south of the room,

The ceiling in room 2 has exposed joints, which match the rafters to the north in terms of finish, size and distance apart, and it appears that they are contemporary with this phase of the building’s development..

At the south, the brick wall (laid to an irregular bond) has a central exposed post of machine-cut timber, with notches at each side, and struts, though it was not clear what part the struts were braced against at the top.

The spaces between the struts and the ceiling are infilled with bricks laid diagonally.

A square headed doorway with modern door, at the southeast of the room, leads into room 4. Here, the walls are bare brick and timber framing (posts and braces) are exposed in the corners (Pl. 12). Again, the spaces between the braces and the ceiling are infilled with diagonally-laid bricks. The north wall has a window (Pl. 13) set high in the wall, though this could not be closely examined, and there are several tile courses incorporated

into the brick infill, to compensate for the unevenness of the beam, which is a hand-cut timber, though the braces are machine cut and later in date. The window would only have lit the room prior to addition of the roof over the third bay, suggesting that at some point, probably in the 19th or early 20th century, there were only two bays, perhaps built as a stable. It is possible that the window was originally a hayloft, though it is small. On the timbers on the north wall, notches were noted on the brace on the right (Pl. 14) though these may not be true carpenter’s marks and are not found anywhere else on the timber structure. There ceiling is open to the roof, and there are exposed rafters, and at the south, a handmade iron hook of probably Victorian date is fixed into the beam, suggestive of the building’s use as a workshop or stable. At the south of the room, the wall is plastered and painted, and a doorway with a square head leads into the former barn.

Rooms 5 to 12 are within the former barn, and are reached by a door at the northeast corner. Room 5 is a hallway, with a step down at the centre. It is plastered and painted, and there is a bare brick alcove below a possible boxed-in beam at the north end (Pl. 15), which is part of the north wall. There is modern skirting and a modern casement window at the east, with a wooden sill (Pl. 16). Within the north wall is a small rectangular recess, and there are closers which suggest that the doorway is original to this wall (Pl. 17).

Double doors open from room 5 into room 6 (a further hallway) with painted and plastered walls, skirting and a doorway leading to room 7 to the east. This has plastered and painted walls, a large window described above, a door on the south side into room 11, and no other notable features (Pl. 18). From the hallway there is a flight of stairs to the first floor. To the south of the hallway, there is a wide doorway into room 8, which leads to the west into utility room 9 (Pl. 19), and a lavatory room 10. Rooms 8 to 10 are all plastered and painted throughout, with modern fittings and fixtures, and no notable features.

From room 8, a modern door leads to the east to room 11, a large kitchen which at the east has French windows and large panes of glass either side and above (Pl. 20) in the place of the former cart entrance. The ceiling is one storey high within the main part of the former barn, however at the east it occupies the full height to the roof, where the timber roof structure is exposed. Several empty mortices suggest there was a post and stud wall, though it is possible that these are signs of re-use of the timbers. At the top of the wall, the original hand- cut wallplate is visible, below which are bricks forming a stretcher course above a course of 'soldier' headers

(laid on their sides). This part of the brickwork appears to be 20th century, and was perhaps added when the glazing was added. Below these bare bricks, the walls are plastered and painted, the fittings and skirting are modern, and there is a doorway to the exterior at the north, which has a low arch and modern door.

The hallway 8 and the kitchen 11 both have modern doors at the south leading into room 12, which occupies the southern part of the former barn, and consists of two bays of equal size. Here, the ceiling is full height to the roof, with the structure exposed (Pl. 21). The timbers are hand-cut and irregular in places, especially the wallplate at the south end, and it is joined with mortise and tenon joints and wooden pegs. There are empty mortises indicating the position of missing posts and studs, though it is not clear whether they represent part of the barn that have been removed, or if these timbers have been re-used from another location.

The three pegholes at each side may represent large posts forming aisles along each side, though this is not conclusive. There is a substantial beam aligned east-west at the centre of the room, forming the first two bays at the south of the cartway, with two posts supporting both the side purlins and the principle rafters, which are jointed together. The principle rafters also have diagonal braces to the purlins.

The rafters are largely original, with only two replacements, although several have been modified, with sections cut out to accommodate modern wooden-frames skylight windows. The timbers throughout the roof structure appear to be in very good condition, and represent the earliest part of the building, with a likely 17th or early 18th century date. At the south end, there are three thicker posts supporting a brace, alternating with four thinner posts to form eight panels infilled with white-painted brick. These posts support a brace, and are in turn supported by the wallplate. Below this is the bare brick wall, with two header courses and a course of soldier headers. The wall appears to have been rebuilt around the timber frame, probably in the 19th century. There is a pattern of tall rectangular recesses in the brickwork, which appear to be filled-in ventilation slits (Pl. 22). The wall is of red bricks (dimensions) laid to an English bond, with closers between the ventilation slits. Part of the wall at the east and at the west are plastered and painted, as is the east wall, and the lower part of the wall at the south has modern wooden paneling. This is continued to a higher level along the east wall.

At the west side is a large brick-built fireplace consisting of bricks laid to a stretcher bond. The majority of the brickwork is red, though occasional bricks are black-stained, and all are likely to be re-used 'reclaimed' bricks. The chimneybreast tapers to the roof, where it is built around the beam, but stops just short of the roof.

There is no corresponding chimney and the fireplace is a decorative rather than functional one. It has a hearth formed of brick/tiles. It is built in the style and proportions of a late 16th or 17th century inglenook, however it is a modern insertion. The wall either side of the fireplace is painted and plastered below two exposed brick courses (headers above soldier headers).

At the north end of the room (Pl. 23), the roof structure of the north end of the bay is exposed, and comprises a beam supporting two struts, which in turn support the side purlins, with the principal rafters lap-

jointed onto these. A plastered brick wall reaches the full height of the roof to define the north side of the room, however a section at the east is open to the first-floor balcony with 20th century wrought-iron railings.

Below this, there is a doorway to the left and right, leading into room 8 (hallway) and room 11 (kitchen) respectively.

The southern extension is separate and is reached though the sliding patio doors on the north elevation.

These open into a living room (room 13) which has plastered and painted walls, with the exception of exposed brick buttresses at the east and west (two at each side), and the wall in between these at the west. This is painted brick and there is a central fireplace consisting of a simple rectangular alcove. The buttresses support boxed in beams which may be timber but are more likely to be iron or steel. The brickwork consists of red bricks and is of broadly Victorian date. There is a door at the south leading into room 14, which has painted and plastered walls and exposed joists aligned east-west which appear to be original to the building, and which are machine-cut and black-stained. There is a small window on the north side of the room, which has a modern wooden frame. Above the doorway, there is a wooden rail with four large projecting carved wooden pegs (Pl. 24), which are intended to support saddles and other horse tack, suggesting this was originally a tackroom.

At the south of this room, a further square-headed doorway (with no doorframe or door) leads to the south into room 15, which is painted and plastered, with similar exposed joists and no features of note. A doorway leads into room 16 at the south of the extension, and has no features of note. The ceiling in rooms 14, 15 and 16 have a sloping part along the east side, respecting the pitch of the roof.

First Floor

In the main building, within the former barn, a dogleg flight of stairs with half-landing (17) leads from the hallway (room 6) up to the first floor corridor 18, which is plastered and painted. At the east there is a modern stud wall, with a modern skirting and a picture rail, and a wooden plank and batten door (Pl. 25) which, although made of old hand-cut wood, is likely to be reused from elsewhere.

Aligned east-west across the corridor is an exposed beam, with the principal rafter and brace also exposed in the sloping ceiling (Pl. 26). It is hand-cut and in fair condition, and has a large empty mortise on the underside and three adjacent peg holes. The corresponding timber of the bay to the north has the same feature, which suggests that there may have been a first floor hayloft in the barn as originally built, perhaps only at the northern end, and probably lower than the current first floor.

A doorway at the east of the corridor leads up two steps to an interior balcony (room 19), which is open to the roof of the cartway to the east and into the roof of the hall to the south (Pl. 27). The beam and roof structure is exposed at the wall at the north, with brick and plaster infill between the beam, struts and collar, to the roof.

Attached to the beam at the left hand side of the north wall (in a position which would have been fairly central in the former barn) is an iron hook and a pulley. They appear to be in situ, and although they may not date to the earliest phase of the barn's construction, appear to be an authentic feature relating to the function of the building in the 19th century.

From the corridor, a doorway at the east leads into a bedroom (room 22) which has plastered and painted walls (modern stud walls at the north and west), with exposed timbers in the sloping ceiling, above two modern skylight windows (Pl. 28).

A doorway the north leads into a bathroom (room 23), which is plastered and painted, and has no features of note. From this room, a further modern doorway to the east leads into a second bedroom (Room 24) which is plastered and painted, with a modern stud wall at the west, and at the south a modern wall built around the bay frame timbers at the south. Here, there is the same arrangement of three empty pegholes on the eastern end of the beam. There is a single modern skylight window at the east.

Within the south extension, a flight of stairs with a dogleg and half-landing leads to a first-floor landing

(25), with a doorway (with an interior window of two panes arranged vertically) opening to the west into a small bathroom (room 28). A door to the north leads into a large bedroom (room 26) which is open to the ceiling. The exposed roof structure comprises two side purlins on each side, which are carried on a frame of two heavy machine-cut crossed beams (Pl. 29). These are joined with a central iron pin which is suspended from the ceiling level (though the structure above this was not exposed and so it could not be seen). Within the room, a stud wall partitions a bathroom from the bedroom (room 27).

From the landing, a further doorway (with an interior window of two panes arranged vertically above the door) opens to the west into a small bathroom (room 28).

Phasing

The building appears to have four main phases of construction. Firstly, the original barn building in the 17th or perhaps early 18th century, based on the cartographic evidence, the condition of the timbers and method of construction. This was a simple rectangular building, with projections for the cartway, and was timber-framed,

perhaps aisled. Although it was probably originally infilled with brickwork, this appears to have been replaced by the extant brickwork at some stage in the mid to late 19th century, with the presence of ventilation slits suggesting this was carried out while the building was still in use as a barn.

The second phase, most probably in the second half of the 19th century, saw the replacement of the original brickwork on the barn building, with a single storey building of several bays added at the north. At least one of these was open as a shelter rather than enclosed building, and the range may have served as stables, with a low hayloft at the south. During this phase, a room was added to the northeast part of the barn building.

In the late 19th century, the southern extension was added, perhaps as a workshop, and there is evidence, in the form of wooden pegs, that the smaller part was originally a tack room, with stabling perhaps in the north range. This was the period in which ownership appears to have been passed from the Blagraves to other hands, and the building was separated from the farm.

In the mid 20th century, the fourth phase comprised the building's conversion to a residence, primarily involving the construction of interior walls, and the fireplace within the barn. The north range was converted from stables and an open bay into enclosed rooms in this period. A more recent phase in subsequent decades has seen refurbishment and modernisation carried out, including the skylights and glass doors at the east cartway.

Conclusion

Overall, the character of the barn has remained in evidence despite Victorian and modern additions and alterations, in the form of its surviving timber frame and later brickwork. In addition to the well-preserved structure, some fixtures such as the pulley and hooks on the beam by the cartway, (plates 30 and 31) are extant from the structure’s use as a barn.

A proposal to develop the building which respects these elements at its core will ensure that the value of the building as a well preserved c.18th century barn remains, while extending the useful lifespan of the building.

References BGS, 1946, British Geological Survey, 1:63,360, Sheet 268, Drift Edition, Keyworth RCHM(E), 1991, Recording Historic Buildings: a descriptive specification, 3rd edn, Roy Comm Hist Monuments (England), London EH, 2006, Understanding Historic Buildings, English Heritage, London Hall, L, 2005, Period house fixtures and fittings 1300–1900, Newbury Mills, A D, 1998, A Dictionary of English Place Names, Oxford PPS5 2010, Planning for the Historic Environment, Planning Policy Statement 5, TSO, London VCH, 1933, Victoria County History: Berkshire, iii, London Williams, A and Martin, G H, 1992, Domesday Book – A Complete Translation, London

APPENDIX 1: Photographic Catalogue A. Digital photographs

Number Description 1 Exterior, north range, looking south, general [Pl. 1] 2 Exterior, ground floor, north range, looking south 3 Exterior, ground floor, north range, looking south, detail of lintel 4 Exterior, ground floor, north range and barn, looking south [Pl. 2] 5 Exterior, barn, first floor, looking south [Pl. 3] 6 Exterior, barn, ground floor, looking south 7 Exterior, barn, looking south 8 Exterior, south range, looking south [Pl. 4] 9 Exterior, north range, looking west [Pl. 5] 10 Exterior, north range, detail of post, looking west 11 Exterior, north range, looking west 12 Exterior, barn, looking west [Pl. 6] 13 Exterior, barn, detail of roof, looking southwest 14 Exterior, south range, looking southwest 15 Exterior, north range, looking east [Pl. 7] 16 Exterior, barn, looking east [Pl. 8] 17 Exterior, barn, south end, looking east 18 Exterior, barn, looking north [Pl. 9] 19 Exterior, south range, looking north [Pl. 10] 20 Exterior, south range, looking northwest 21 Exterior, north range, detail of wall plate, looking southwest 22 Interior, ground floor, G1, looking north 23 Interior, ground floor, G1, looking south [Pl. 11] 24 Interior, ground floor, G1, storage space, looking south 25 Interior, ground floor, G1, detail of nails, looking east 26 Interior, ground floor, G2, looking south 27 Interior, ground floor, G2, looking west 28 Interior, ground floor, G4, looking west [Pl. 12] 29 Interior, ground floor, G4, looking north [Pl. 13] 30 Interior, ground floor, G4, detail of timber, looking north [Pl. 14] 31 Interior, ground floor, G4, detail of timber, looking north 32 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking west [Pl. 15] 33 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking east [Pl. 16] 34 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking north [Pl. 17] 35 Interior, ground floor, G6, looking south 36 Interior, ground floor, G7, looking east [Pl. 18] 37 Interior, ground floor, G8, looking north 38 Interior, ground floor, G9, looking west [Pl. 19] 39 Interior, ground floor, G10, looking west 40 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking east [Pl. 20] 41 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking west 42 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking north 43 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking up to mezzanine 44 Interior, ground floor, G11, detail of timber, looking west 45 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking south 46 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking south [Pl. 21] 47 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking west 48 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking west 49 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking east 50 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking north [Pl. 22] 51 Interior, ground floor, G12, mezzanine, looking west [Pl. 23] 52 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking south 53 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking north [Pl. 24] 54 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking west 55 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking east 56 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking east 57 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking north 58 Interior, ground floor, G14, showing timbers, looking west 59 Interior, ground floor, G15, looking southeast 60 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking south 61 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking southeast 62 Interior, ground floor, G17, looking west 63 Interior, ground floor, G17, stairs, looking east 64 Interior, stairs to landing 18, looking south [Pl. 25] 65 Interior, first floor 18 landing, looking north [Pl. 26] 66 Interior, first floor, balcony 19, looking east [Pl. 27] 67 Interior, first floor, roof structure from 19, looking south

Number Description 68 Interior, first floor, balcony with hooks and pulley [Pl. 29] 69 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking northeast 70 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking south [Pl. 28] 71 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking northeast 72 Interior, first floor, room 23, looking northwest 73 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking east 74 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking south 75 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of beam, looking southeast [Pl. 32] 76 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of hook and pulley, looking northeast [Pl. 31] 77 Interior, first floor, room 25 into room 28, looking west 78 Interior, first floor, room 25, looking east 79 Interior, first floor, room 26, looking north [Pl. 30]

B. Colour prints

Number Description 1 Exterior, north range, looking south, general 2 Exterior, ground floor, north range, looking south 3 Exterior, ground floor, north range, looking south, detail of lintel 4 Exterior, ground floor, north range and barn, looking south 5 Exterior, barn, first floor, looking south 6 Exterior, barn, ground floor, looking south 7 Exterior, barn, looking south 8 Exterior, south range, looking south 9 Exterior, north range, looking west 10 Exterior, north range, detail of post, looking west 11 Exterior, north range, looking west 12 Exterior, barn, looking west 13 Exterior, barn, detail of roof, looking southwest 14 Exterior, south range, looking southwest 15 Exterior, north range, looking east 16 Exterior, barn, looking east 17 Exterior, barn, south end, looking east 18 Exterior, barn, looking north 19 Exterior, south range, looking north 20 Exterior, south range, looking northwest 21 Exterior, north range, detail of wall plate, looking southwest 22 Interior, ground floor, G1, looking north 23 Interior, ground floor, G1, looking south 24 Interior, ground floor, G1, storage space, looking south 25 Interior, ground floor, G1, detail of nails, looking east 26 Interior, ground floor, G2, looking south 27 Interior, ground floor, G2, looking west 28 Interior, ground floor, G4, looking west 29 Interior, ground floor, G4, looking north 30 Interior, ground floor, G4, detail of timber, looking north 31 Interior, ground floor, G4, detail of timber, looking north 32 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking west 33 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking east 34 Interior, ground floor, G5, looking north 35 Interior, ground floor, G6, looking south 36 Interior, ground floor, G7, looking east 37 Interior, ground floor, G8, looking north 38 Interior, ground floor, G9, looking west 39 Interior, ground floor, G10, looking west 40 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking east 41 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking west 42 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking north 43 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking up to mezzanine 44 Interior, ground floor, G11, detail of timber, looking west 45 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking south 46 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking south 47 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking west 48 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking west 49 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking east 50 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking north 51 Interior, ground floor, G12, mezzanine, looking west 52 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking south 53 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking north 54 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking west

Number Description 55 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking east 56 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking east 57 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking north 58 Interior, ground floor, G14, showing timbers, looking west 59 Interior, ground floor, G15, looking southeast 60 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking south 61 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking southeast 62 Interior, ground floor, G17, looking west 63 Interior, ground floor, G17, stairs, looking east 64 Interior, stairs to landing 18, looking south 65 Interior, first floor 18 landing, looking north 66 Interior, first floor, balcony 19, looking east 67 Interior, first floor, roof structure from 19, looking south 68 Interior, first floor, balcony with hooks and pulley 69 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking northeast 70 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking south 71 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking northeast 72 Interior, first floor, room 23, looking northwest 73 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking east 74 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking south 75 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of beam, looking southeast 76 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of hook and pulley, looking northeast 77 Interior, first floor, room 25 into room 28, looking west 78 Interior, first floor, room 25, looking east 79 Interior, first floor, room 26, looking north

B. Monochrome images

Number Description 42 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking north 43 Interior, ground floor, G11, looking up to mezzanine 44 Interior, ground floor, G11, detail of timber, looking west 45 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking south 46 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking south 47 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking west 48 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking west 49 Interior, ground floor, G12, roof structure, looking east 50 Interior, ground floor, G12, looking north 51 Interior, ground floor, G12, mezzanine, looking west 52 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking south 53 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking north 54 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking west 55 Interior, ground floor, G13, looking east 56 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking east 57 Interior, ground floor, G14, looking north 58 Interior, ground floor, G14, showing timbers, looking west 59 Interior, ground floor, G15, looking southeast 60 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking south 61 Interior, ground floor, G16, looking southeast 62 Interior, ground floor, G17, looking west 63 Interior, ground floor, G17, stairs, looking east 64 Interior, stairs to landing 18, looking south 65 Interior, first floor 18 landing, looking north 66 Interior, first floor, balcony 19, looking east 67 Interior, first floor, roof structure from 19, looking south 68 Interior, first floor, balcony with hooks and pulley 69 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking northeast 70 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking south 71 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking northeast 72 Interior, first floor, room 23, looking northwest 73 Interior, first floor, room 22, looking east 74 Interior, first floor, room 24, looking south 75 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of beam, looking southeast 76 Interior, first floor, room 19, detail of hook and pulley, looking northeast 77 Interior, first floor, room 25 into room 28, looking west 78 Interior, first floor, room 25, looking east 79 Interior, first floor, room 26, looking north

15 SITE Slough

READING Maidenhead

Windsor

Hungerford Thatcham Bracknell 73000 Newbury Wokingham

72000 SITE

71000

SU67000 68000 CBC 12/63 Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Figure 1. Location of site within Calcot, Reading and West Berkshire. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Explorer 159 at 1:12500 Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 SITE

CBC 12/63 N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Figure2. Extract of John Rocque's map of 1761. SITE

CBC 12/63 N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Figure 3. Enclosure map of 1817. SITE

CBC 12/63 N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Figure 4. First edition Ordnance Survey, 1878. 71700

Calcot Barn

71600

SU67600 67700

CBC 12/63 N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording

Figure 5. Detailed location of site

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital mapping under licence. Crown copyright reserved. Scale: 1:1250 Living Room

Kitchen Shower 3 room 2 4 Bedroom

Hall 5 7 Dining room 6

11 Kitchen 14 9 8 Utility 15 Utility Toilet 13 12 Lounge 10 Living room 16

Hall17

CBC 12/63

N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire, 2012 Building recording

Figure 6. Detailed plan of the Ground floor.

0 5m 24 Bedroom Bathroom 23

Bedroom 22

18 Balcony 19 20 21 Bathroom 26

Bedroom Bedroom

Bathroom 27

Bathroom 25 28

CBC 12/63

N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Figure 7. Detailed plan of First floor.

0 5m West elevation

North elevation

East elevation

South elevation

CBC 12/63 Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire, 2012 Building recording

Figure 8. Elevations.

0 10m Key

Original 17th/18th century building

19th century extension

Later extension and modification

CBC 12/63

N Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, West Berkshire, 2012 Building recording

Figure 9. Phase plan.

0 5m Plate 1. Exterior, north range and barn, looking south. Plate 2. Exterior, north elevation of north range, looking south.

Plate 3. Exterior, first floor of barn, looking south. Plate 4. Exterior, south extension, looking south.

CBC 12/63

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 1 to 4. Plate 5. Exterior, north range, looking west. Plate 6. Exterior, former barn, looking west.

Plate 7. Exterior, northern range, looking east. Plate 8. Exterior, former barn, looking east.

CBC 12/63

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 5 to 8. Plate 9. Exterior, south elevation of former barn, looking Plate 10. Exterior, south extension, looking north. north.

Plate 11. Interior, ground floor, room 1, looking south. Plate 12. Interior, ground floor, room 4, looking west.

CBC 12/63

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 9 to 12. Plate 13. Interior, ground floor, room 4, looking north. Plate 14. Interior, detail of notching on beam in room 4, looking north.

Plate 15. Interior, ground floor, room 5, looking west. Plate 16. Interior, ground floor, room 5, looking east.

CBC 12/63

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 13 to 16. Plate 17. Interior, ground floor, room 5, looking north. Plate 18. Interior, ground floor, room 7, looking east.

Plate 19. Interior, ground floor, room 9, looking west. Plate 20. Interior, ground floor, room 11, looking east towards patio windows.

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Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 17 to 20. Plate 21. Interior, ground floor, room 12 roof structure, Plate 22. Interior, ground floor, room 12, looking south. looking south.

Plate 23. Interior, balcony to first floor in room 12, looking Plate 24. Interior, ground floor, wooden pegs in room 14, north. looking west.

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Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 21 to 24. Plate 25. Interior, door and beams at top of stairwell, Plate 26. Interior, first floor, beam in room 18, looking looking west. north.

Plate 27. Interior, first floor, ceiling detail of room 19, Plate 28. Interior, first floor, roof beams in room 22, looking west. looking south.

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Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 25 to 28. Plate 29. Interior, first floor, exposed beams in room 19 , Plate 30. Interior, first floor, cross beam in room 26, look- looking north. ing south.

Plate 31. Interior, room 19, hooks and pulley, looking Plate 32. Interior, first floor, detail of beam, looking south- north. east.

CBC 12/63

Calcot Barn, Low Lane, Calcot, Reading, Berkshire, 2012 Building recording Plates 29 to 32. TIME CHART

Calendar Years

Modern AD 1901

Victorian AD 1837

Post Medieval AD 1500

Medieval AD 1066

Saxon AD 410

Roman AD 43 BC/AD Iron Age 750 BC

Bronze Age: Late 1300 BC

Bronze Age: Middle 1700 BC

Bronze Age: Early 2100 BC

Neolithic: Late 3300 BC

Neolithic: Early 4300 BC

Mesolithic: Late 6000 BC

Mesolithic: Early 10000 BC

Palaeolithic: Upper 30000 BC

Palaeolithic: Middle 70000 BC

Palaeolithic: Lower 2,000,000 BC Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47-49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 5NR

Tel: 0118 9260552 Fax: 0118 9260553 Email: [email protected] Web: www.tvas.co.uk