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Outcrossing and Pollinator Limitation of Fruit Set: Breeding Systems of Neotropical Inga Trees (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)
Evolution, 38(5), 1984, pp. 1130-1143 OUTCROSSING AND POLLINATOR LIMITATION OF FRUIT SET: BREEDING SYSTEMS OF NEOTROPICAL INGA TREES (FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) SUZANNE KOPTURI Department ofBotany, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, California 94720 Received October 17, 1983. Revised January 25, 1984 Many hermaphroditic flowering plants flowers on a plant are visited, and pol produce many more flowers than fruit. linated with pollen appropriate for fer Low fruit set from a large number ofpo tilization, the plant may be unable to ma tential fruit may result from a variety of ture every fruit because of resource, factors. In animal-pollinated species, a spatial, or physical restrictions. Resource large floral display may be advantageous limitation may cause abortion of some in attracting pollinators (Gentry, 1974; developing ovules or ovaries (Stephen Willson and Rathcke, 1974; Schaffer and son, 1981), and can provide a logistical Schaffer, 1979; Stephenson, 1979; Aug basis for mate choice in plants (Janzen, spurger, 1980; Udovic, 1981), especially 1977; Willson, 1979) and sibling com if the density of plants is low, the dura petition between developing embryos tion ofbloom ofthe species is short, and/ (Kress, 1981). or there are many other species blooming Inga is a large genus ofneotropicalle simultaneously. If pollinators visit only gume trees that have alternate, parapin some of the flowers, not all flowers will nately compound leaves (often with fo receive pollen, and fruit set without fer liar nectaries: Leon, 1966; Bentley, 1977; tilization will not take place in plants that Koptur, 1984) and large floral displays are non-agamospermous and without au (Croat, 1978; Koptur, 1983). The showy tomatic selfing; in this way the plants can white inflorescences are composed of be pollinator-limited, by virtue of low many flowers that have reduced perianth visitation (Bierzychudek, 1981). -
Physiological Responses by Billbergia Zebrina (Bromeliaceae) When Grown Under Controlled Microenvironmental Conditions
Vol. 15(36), pp. 1952-1961, 7 September, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2016.15584 Article Number: 3D3064E60382 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Physiological responses by Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae) when grown under controlled microenvironmental conditions João Paulo Rodrigues Martins1*, Veerle Verdoodt2, Moacir Pasqual1 and Maurice De Proft2 1Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture at Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2Division of Crops Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2427, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Received 24 July, 2016; Accepted 26 August, 2016 Sucrose, the most commonly used carbon source in conventional in vitro culture, and limited air exchange in the culture containers are factors that affect the growth of in vitro-cultured plants. They may induce physiological disorders and decrease the survival rate of plants after transfer to ex vitro conditions. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of gas exchange and sucrose concentration on Billbergia zebrina plantlets during in vitro propagation. In vitro-established B. zebrina plantlets were transferred to culture media containing 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 g L-1 sucrose. Two different culture-container sealing systems were compared: lids with a filter (permitting gas exchange) and lids with no filter (blocking fluent gas exchange). Carbohydrate and chlorophyll (Chl a+b) concentrations were analyzed in plantlets at 45-days of culture. The addition of sucrose to the medium reduced the Chl a+b concentration in the plantlets. -
Conservation Management Zones of Australia
Conservation Management Zones of Australia Mitchell Grasslands Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. Image Credits Front Cover: Lawn Hill National Park – Peter Lik Page 4: Kowaris (Dasyuroides byrnei) – Leong Lim Page 10: Oriental Pratincole (Glareola maldivarum) – JJ Harrison Page 16: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh) – World Heritage Listed site – Colin Totterdell Page 18: Mitchell Grasslands -
Die Gattung Epipactis Und Ihre Systematische Stellung Innnerhalb Der Unterfamilie Neottioideae, Im Lichte Enhvickiungsgeschichtli- Eher Untersuchungen
Jber. natnrwiss. Ver Wuppertal 51 43 - 100 Wuppertal, 15.9.1998 Die Gattung Epipactis und ihre systematische Stellung innnerhalb der Unterfamilie Neottioideae, im Lichte enhvickiungsgeschichtli- eher Untersuchungen. Kar1 Robatsch Mit Zeichnungen von L. FREIDINGER und C. A. MRKVICKA Zusammenfassung: Die systematische Stellung der Gattung Epipactis in der Subtribus Cephalantherinae wie auch die Stel- lung dieser Subtribus innerhalb der Unterfamilie Neottioideae wird an Beispielen enhvickungsgeschicht- licher Untersuchungen diskutiert. Nach den neuesten molekularen Daten, die aus DNA-Sequenzanalysen gewonnen wurden, ist ein Stammbaum erstellt worden, in dem die Neottioideae in die "epidendroids" eingereiht wurden. Das steht im Widerspruch zu dem in unserer Arbeit praktizierten Klassifikations- System, das in "Die Orcliideen" R. SCHLECHTER in der Bearbeitung von F. BMEGER und K. SENGHAS venvendet wird. Die Ableitung einer Orchideenblüte aus dem Liliiflorae-Erbe ermögliclit eine Differentialdiagnose zwi- schen den Orchidaceae und den Apostasiaceae. Die Apostasiaceae, die viele Autoren als Unterfamilie Apostasioideae zu den Orchidaceae stellen, werden durch vergleichende Blütenanalysen von dieser Familie abgetrennt. Der Entwickiungstendenz des Gynoeceums der Orchideen, durch die es zum Auf- bau eines Rostellums mit seinen Organen kommt, steht die Reduktionstendenz des Gynoeceums der Apostasiaceae, durch die es zu einer Verminderung des ursprünglich trimeren Stigmas kommt, gegen- über. Die Autogamie der Gattung Epipactis (Sektion Epipactis) -
An Illustrated Checklist of Bromeliaceae from Parque Estadual Do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Notes on Phytogeography and One New Species of Cryptanthus
Phytotaxa 10: 1–16 (2010) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2010 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) An illustrated checklist of Bromeliaceae from Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with notes on phytogeography and one new species of Cryptanthus LEONARDO M. VERSIEUX1, RAFAEL B. LOUZADA2,4, PEDRO LAGE VIANA3, NARA MOTA3 & MARIA DAS GRAÇAS LAPA WANDERLEY4 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, 59072-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] 3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301-012, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A checklist of the 14 genera and 34 species of Bromeliaceae from the Parque Estadual do Rio Preto in São Gonçalo do Rio Preto municipality, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, is presented. The Tillandsioideae was the most diverse subfamily and was found to be concentrated in rocky field areas. Bromelioideae is also a species rich subfamily, but its taxa have shown a preference to forested areas and savannas at lower altitudes. Pitcairnioideae is highlighted by its level of endemism, but has only four species. Cryptanthus micrus, a new species found in this area is described and illustrated. -
Indigenous Plants of Bendigo
Produced by Indigenous Plants of Bendigo Indigenous Plants of Bendigo PMS 1807 RED PMS 432 GREY PMS 142 GOLD A Gardener’s Guide to Growing and Protecting Local Plants 3rd Edition 9 © Copyright City of Greater Bendigo and Bendigo Native Plant Group Inc. This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the City of Greater Bendigo. First Published 2004 Second Edition 2007 Third Edition 2013 Printed by Bendigo Modern Press: www.bmp.com.au This book is also available on the City of Greater Bendigo website: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au Printed on 100% recycled paper. Disclaimer “The information contained in this publication is of a general nature only. This publication is not intended to provide a definitive analysis, or discussion, on each issue canvassed. While the Committee/Council believes the information contained herein is correct, it does not accept any liability whatsoever/howsoever arising from reliance on this publication. Therefore, readers should make their own enquiries, and conduct their own investigations, concerning every issue canvassed herein.” Front cover - Clockwise from centre top: Bendigo Wax-flower (Pam Sheean), Hoary Sunray (Marilyn Sprague), Red Ironbark (Pam Sheean), Green Mallee (Anthony Sheean), Whirrakee Wattle (Anthony Sheean). Table of contents Acknowledgements ...............................................2 Foreword..........................................................3 Introduction.......................................................4 -
Summary of Plots in the Lake Eyre Basin
S ummary of Plots in the Lake Eyre Basin 2010 - 2016 Cravens Peak Reserve, QLD Acknowledgments TERN AusPlots Rangelands gratefully acknowledges the staff of the numerous properties both public and private that have helped with the work and allowed access to their land. AusPlots Rangelands also acknowledges the staff from the 4 state and territory governments who have provided assistance on the project. Thanks also to the many volunteers who helped to collect, curate and process the data and samples. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Accessing the Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Point intercept data ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Plant collections ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Leaf tissue samples ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Site description information .............................................................................................................................. 3 Structural summary .......................................................................................................................................... -
Final Report
FINAL REPORT Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Gippsland Region, March 2002 1 © The State of Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002. This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealings for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced, copied, transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, or graphic) without written prior permission of the State of Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment. All requests and enquires should be directed to the Copyright Officer, Library Information Services, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 5/250 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. ISBN 1 74106 548 8 Find more information about the Department at www.dse.vic.gov.au Customer Service Centre Phone: 136 186 [email protected] General disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequences which may arise from your relying on information in this publication. COVER PHOTO LOCATIONS (TOP TO BOTTOM) Photo 1. Depauperate Coastal Tussock Grassland (EVC 163-04) on islands off Wilsons Promontory. Photo 2. Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55-03) at Moormurng Flora and Fauna Reserve south-west of Bairnsdale. Photo 3. Wet Forest (EVC 30) in the Strzelecki ranges. Photo 4. Mangrove Shrubland (EVC 140) on the South Gippsland coastline at Corner Inlet. -
S CIENCE in the G a RDE N S R E S E a Rching, Understanding, Conserving and Communicating the Diversity of Plants
S CIENCE IN THE G A RDE N S R e s e a rching, understanding, conserving and communicating the diversity of plants 1998–99 Annual Report of the Plant Sciences Branch, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney Plant Sciences Branch Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney 2000 Tel (02) 9231 8111 Fax (02) 9251 4403 Web Site Address:http://www.rbgsyd.gov.au Gardens Offices 8.30 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday Mount Annan Botanic Garden Mount Annan Drive, Mount Annan NSW 2567 Tel (02) 4648 2477 Fax (02) 4648 2465 The Garden is open all year except Christmas Day. Hours 10 am–4 pm April to September; 10 am–6 pm October to March. Mount Tomah Botanic Garden Bells Line of Road via Bilpin NSW 2758 Tel (02) 4567 2154 Fax (02) 4567 2037 The Garden is open all year except Christmas Day. Hours 10 am–4 pm March to September; 10 am–6 pm October to February. Copyright © Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney 1999 Published by: Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney Mrs Macquaries Road Sydney 2000 Editor: Penny Farrant Photography: Jaime Plaza Cover photo: L to R, Dr Peter Weston, Honorary Research Associate Dr Barbara Briggs and Dr Adam Marchant examine a lotus flower. The lotus flower family formed part of an intriguing story that Gardens’ scientists told to visitors during Science Week — a story about the most exciting new theories on the classification of flowering plants for 250 years. 3 Horticultural Research (cont) Contents Mycological research on the Wollemi Pine 21 Waratah bud borer 21 Armillaria 21 ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS SYDNEY Fusarium 21 Our vision,mission, values -
The Correspondence of Peter Macowan (1830 - 1909) and George William Clinton (1807 - 1885)
The Correspondence of Peter MacOwan (1830 - 1909) and George William Clinton (1807 - 1885) Res Botanica Missouri Botanical Garden December 13, 2015 Edited by P. M. Eckel, P.O. Box 299, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299; email: mailto:[email protected] Portrait of Peter MacOwan from the Clinton Correspondence, Buffalo Museum of Science, Buffalo, New York, USA. Another portrait is noted by Sayre (1975), published by Marloth (1913). The proper citation of this electronic publication is: "Eckel, P. M., ed. 2015. Correspondence of Peter MacOwan(1830–1909) and G. W. Clinton (1807–1885). 60 pp. Res Botanica, Missouri Botanical Garden Web site.” 2 Acknowledgements I thank the following sequence of research librarians of the Buffalo Museum of Science during the decade the correspondence was transcribed: Lisa Seivert, who, with her volunteers, constructed the excellent original digital index and catalogue to these letters, her successors Rachael Brew, David Hemmingway, and Kathy Leacock. I thank John Grehan, Director of Science and Collections, Buffalo Museum of Science, Buffalo, New York, for his generous assistance in permitting me continued access to the Museum's collections. Angela Todd and Robert Kiger of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie-Melon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, provided the illustration of George Clinton that matches a transcribed letter by Michael Shuck Bebb, used with permission. Terry Hedderson, Keeper, Bolus Herbarium, Capetown, South Africa, provided valuable references to the botany of South Africa and provided an inspirational base for the production of these letters when he visited St. Louis a few years ago. Richard Zander has provided invaluable technical assistance with computer issues, especially presentation on the Web site, manuscript review, data search, and moral support. -
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... -
The Age of Chocolate: a Diversification History of Theobroma and Malvaceae
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 November 2015 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00120 The age of chocolate: a diversification history of Theobroma and Malvaceae James E. Richardson 1, 2*, Barbara A. Whitlock 3, Alan W. Meerow 4 and Santiago Madriñán 5 1 Programa de Biología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia, 2 Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, 3 Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA, 4 United States Department of Agriculture—ARS—SHRS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL, USA, 5 Laboratorio de Botánica y Sistemática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Dated molecular phylogenies of broadly distributed lineages can help to compare patterns of diversification in different parts of the world. An explanation for greater Neotropical diversity compared to other parts of the tropics is that it was an accident of the Andean orogeny. Using dated phylogenies, of chloroplast ndhF and nuclear DNA WRKY sequence datasets, generated using BEAST we demonstrate that the diversification of the genera Theobroma and Herrania occurred from 12.7 (11.6–14.9 [95% HPD]) million years ago (Ma) and thus coincided with Andean uplift from the mid-Miocene and that this lineage had a faster diversification rate than other major clades in Malvaceae. We also demonstrate that Theobroma cacao, the source of chocolate, diverged from its most recent common ancestor 9.9 (7.7–12.9 [95% HPD]) Ma, in the Edited by: Federico Luebert, mid-to late-Miocene, suggesting that this economically important species has had ample Universität Bonn, Germany time to generate significant within-species genetic diversity that is useful information Reviewed by: for a developing chocolate industry.