Bathscape Landscape Conservation Action Plan
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LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN SCHEME PLAN Including Project Plan Summaries Contents Contents CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 4 MANAGEMENT 91 INFORMATION 2 INTRODUCTION 11 4.1 International plans and policies 95 2.1 Participation and consultation 14 4.2 Local plans and policies 96 2.2 The partnership 16 4.3 Parties with interest in the 102 2.3 Bathscape scheme vision 20 bathscape work areas 2.4 Gaps and limitations 22 2.5 Documents to read alongside 24 5 STATEMENT OF 103 the lcap SIGNIFICANCE 3 THE BATHSCAPE 25 5.1 Landscape 105 AREA, ITS HERITAGE 5.2 Biodiversity 108 AND ITS PEOPLE 5.3 Geology 111 5.4 Archaeological and historical 112 3.1 The bathscape boundary 27 significance 3.2 Landscape heritage 30 5.5 How do people currently 114 3.3 Landscape character types 32 use the landscape? 3.4 Geological heritage 60 5.6 The value people place on 115 3.5 Archaeology 64 the landscape 3.6 Built heritage 65 5.7 How people view the 116 3.7 Biodiversity 67 significance of the landscape 3.8 Cultural and artistic 71 associations 6 RISKS AND 119 3.9 Health and sightseeing 73 OPPORTUNITIES 3.10 The landscape through time 75 3.11 People in the bathscape 80 6.1 Threats to the landscape and 121 3.12 Identifying needs 86 opportunities to address these 3.13 Barriers 88 6.2 Local issues 122 6.3 Broader issues 125 2 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 3 Contents Executive Summary 7 AIMS, OBJECTIVES 131 9 LEGACY 217 AND OUTCOMES 9.1 Project legacy 220 7.1 Vision 133 9.2 Organisational legacy 224 7. 2 Bathscape themes 134 9.3 Landscape legacy 226 and objectives 7.3 Links to strategies and 136 10 EVALUATION 227 needs assessments AND MONITORING 7.4 What people think is 138 important to do for 11 SOURCES OF 235 the landscape INFORMATION 7.5 Heritage threats and 140 opportunities 12 APPENDICES 239 7.6 Outcomes for heritage 143 7.7 Outcomes for people 147 7.8 Outcomes for communities 153 8 SCHEME COSTS 157 SUMMARY 8.1 Project leads 159 8.2 Project start and end dates 162 8.3 Programme Costs compared 164 with Round 1 submission 8.4 Project plan summaries 165 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 5 Section 1 Executive Summary City and country are more This value was recognised in 1987 closely connected in Bath than by UNESCO in its inscription of the entire city of Bath as a World Heritage perhaps any other British city. Site (WHS), with the Roman remains, The surrounding hills not only 18th century architecture, 18th century provide a spectacular backdrop town planning, social setting, hot springs to this most compact of cities and landscape setting collectively but also allow unparalleled cited as the reasons for its inclusion. The Statement of Outstanding opportunity for access and Universal Value from that inscription enjoyment. Within fifteen summarises Bath and its surroundings minutes it is possible to walk as “a demonstration par excellence of from urban centre to wildflower- the integration of architecture, urban rich valley, while a half hour in design and landscape setting, and the deliberate creation of a beautiful city”. almost any direction will lead Not only was the visual landscape setting you to walks amongst open utilised to such great effect in the design fields and wooded slopes that of the city, but the hills themselves are recognisable from Georgian provided the Oolitic limestone that is times. Looking back to the city, such a distinctive feature of the city’s the iconic views underline the buildings, allowing a coherence of design that continues today. interplay between the rural and urban landscape and their collective value. Left: Looking across Bath 6 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 7 Section 1 Executive Summary The value of the countryside, however, • 7 important hillsides within the goes beyond that of its relationship to urban area the city. It is home to a huge variety of • 1,942 Historic Environment Records wildlife, features of historic, geological Monument within the WHS setting and archaeological interest and is brimming with cultural history. • A Nationally Registered Battlefield Writers, artists, scientists and (partially) in the WHS setting industrialists have found inspiration • The Bath and Bradford-on-Avon here, while its therapeutic reputation Bats Special Area of Conservation dates back millennia. • 8 Sites of Special Scientific Interest The rich landscape legacy of the Bathscape is reflected in the breadth, • 780ha of priority habitat. number and quantity of designations Today the Bathscape area is home including: to around 107,000 residents, with • The City of Bath World Heritage Site software, publishing and service- – the only city-wide WHS in the UK oriented industries being important employers. The Georgian prime of • The Bath Conservation Area – the city and wider Bathscape was one of the largest in England superseded by a period of industry • 2,714 listed buildings within the city with crane works, quarrying, plasticine manufacturing and numerous mills, but • Cotswolds Area of Outstanding following a decline in manufacturing, Natural Beauty surrounding three tourism re-emerged as a principal sides of the city industry. The area now attracts • 15 Nationally Recognised Gardens an estimated 5 million day in the WHS setting visitors each year. • 41 Locally Designated Gardens in the WHS setting • 20 Scheduled Ancient Monuments THE AREA NOW ATTRACTS AN ESTIMATED 5 MILLION DAY VISITORS Above: Newton EACH YEAR. Park grounds 8 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 9 Section 1 Introduction The expansion and reinvention of The heritage will not benefit in isolation, the city through the 19th century more and a wider range of people will to the 21st century is as important be helped to actively enjoy and learn to understanding the heritage of about the landscape. Addressing the Bathscape as the story of its social inequality is central to Bathscape 18th century heyday. As a distinct and opportunities for projects that landscape centred upon a compact work for disadvantaged communities city attracting millions of visitors the are prominent. pressures upon the Bathscape and Through the delivery of twenty its heritage features are extensive, five interconnected projects across however so too is its potential for the four themes of Conserving and health, enjoyment and inspiration. Restoring, The Therapeutic Landscape, The Bathscape scheme brings Access and Learning, Training & Skills, together a broad group of partners with the Bathscape scheme will bring the a shared ambition to see the value of this landscape centre stage. The surrounding significant landscape recognised, and hills and valleys that enhance the World the threats it faces addressed through Heritage Site deserve to be better coordinated management and increased managed and experienced. Bathscape public appreciation. The partnership will inspire a greater number and also recognises the opportunity for the wider range of people to: explore scheme to further address the social the outstanding built and natural inequality that is prevalent in Bath. environments; become involved in the protection of the heritage; and improve their health and wellbeing. 2 INTRODUCTION Left: Bath from Alexandra Park viewpoint 10 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 11 Section 2 Introduction INTRODUCTION MAP OF SCHEME AREA In November 2016 the Heritage The LCAP’s authors are Bathscape Lottery Fund awarded a first Development Manager, Dan Merrett and Community and Access Officer, Lucy round pass to the Bathscape Bartlett. Dan has 20 years of experience Landscape Partnership Scheme working in the environmental sector, allowing the partners to develop including project-managing a Heritage and submit a fully worked-up Lottery Funded national project to second round submission. This involve missing audiences in bat conservation and a project to mark document is the Landscape the 60th anniversary of the Queen’s Conservation Action Plan (LCAP) Coronation through the creation of supporting that submission. one hundred wildflower meadows across the UK. Lucy spent six years The LCAP relates to a scheme area of working for historic building approximately 101km2 centred around preservation trusts followed by 15 Bath, forming the ‘landscape setting’ years with Citizens Advice, supporting as cited in the UNESCO statement of organisational change and volunteer Outstanding Universal Value for the City and staff development. She was then of Bath World Heritage Site. The scheme People Engagement Officer on a nature area incorporates both urban and rural reserve. They were supported by Bath landscape, stretching across the hilltop & NE Somerset Council staff including plateaus and valleys that surround the Landscape Architect and author of city, with the majority of the area falling the Landscape Character Assessment within the Cotswolds Area of Andrew Sharland. The development Outstanding Natural Beauty. stage and production of the LCAP has been overseen and contributed to by the Partnership Board, the members of which are outlined in this section. 12 Landscape Conservation Action Plan Landscape Conservation Action Plan 13 Section 2 Introduction Additional Bathscape activities Further consultation was undertaken • There is currently more work to do 2.1 PARTICIPATION piloted by project staff with the by those delivering woodland, grassland, than people to do it, so volunteers AND help of partners were: