Bath's 'Foundered Strata' - a Re-Interpretation
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Bath's 'foundered strata' - a re-interpretation Physical Hazards Programme Research Report OR/08/052 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PHYSICAL HAZARDS PROGRAMME RESEARCH REPORT OR/08/052 Bath's 'foundered strata' – a re-interpretation P.R.N. Hobbs and G.O. Jenkins The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used Contributor with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. A. Forster Ordnance Survey licence number Licence No:100017897/2004. Keywords Bath, landslides, cambering, foundering, geohazards, slope stability, mass movement. Front cover Cover picture details, delete if no cover picture. Bibliographical reference P.R.N. HOBBS AND G.O. JENKINS. 2008 Bath's 'foundered strata' - a re-interpretation. British Geological Survey Research Report, OR/08/052. 40pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. 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This assistance has been received at all stages of the study. In addition to the collection of data, many individuals have freely given their advice, and provided local knowledge. The authors would particularly like to thank the following: R. A. Ellison R. J. Wyatt A. Gibson M. Harrison K. Royse i OR/08/052; Draft 2.0 Last modified: 2008/08/11 14:09 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................................ v 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 Geology .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Forest Marble Formation ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Chalfield Oolite Formation ............................................................................................. 6 2.3 Fuller’s Earth Formation ................................................................................................. 6 2.4 Salperton Limestone Formation ..................................................................................... 6 2.5 Bridport Sand Formation ................................................................................................ 7 2.6 Dyrham Formation .......................................................................................................... 7 2.7 Charmouth Mudstone Formation .................................................................................... 8 2.8 Blue Lias Formation ....................................................................................................... 8 3 Mass movement ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Cambering ..................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Cambering of the Great Oolite .................................................................................. 13 3.1.2 Cambering of the inferior oolite ................................................................................ 14 3.1.3 Substrate mobility ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Gull caves ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 Landslides ....................................................................................................................... 3 3.3.1 Upper slopes ................................................................................................................ 3 3.3.2 Lower slopes ............................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Landslide map ................................................................................................................. 9 3.4.1 Landslide ................................................................................................................... 10 3.4.2 Cambering ................................................................................................................. 10 3.4.3 Other features ............................................................................................................ 11 4 Remote sensing ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Aerial photographs ........................................................................................................ 12 4.2 Airborne radar (NextMap) ............................................................................................ 12 4.3 Airborne LiDAR & PSINSAR ..................................................................................... 13 4.4 Terrestrial LiDAR (laser scanning) .............................................................................. 13 5 Field Investigations .............................................................................................................. 14 5.1 Toghill Farm ................................................................................................................. 14 5.2 Terrestrial laser scanning .............................................................................................. 17 ii OR/08/052; Draft 2.0 Last modified: 2008/08/11 14:09 Appendix 1 Major recorded landslides in the Bath area ..................................................... 1 Appendix 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. References ...................................................................................................................................... 6 FIGURES Figure 1 Part of BGS 1:50, 000 scale ‘solid & drift’ geology map – Bath (265) ........................... 2 Figure 2 Extract from R. Wyatt’s map depicting landsliding and cambering (Forster et al., 1985) .................................................................................................................................................