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Home , Autrans, Axamer Lizum, Bobsleigh, Courchevel, Davos, Deer Valley

OLYMPIC UPDATE – JANUARY 2008

1924 , Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: no ceremony Altitude and current population: Official opening by: President Edmund 1,035m,10,109 inhabitants Shulthess Dates: 25 January to 5 February Emblem: no emblem Other candidate cities: no other candidate Mascots: no mascot cities Olympic venues: the municipality, with Participation: 16 National Olympic Committees crosscountry around the lake and some of (NOCs), 258 athletes (11 women, 247 men), 16 the and tracks in the events, 6 sports municipality of Celerina. (athletes): Camille Mandrillon

(military patrol) Since the , which were hosting the Olympic oath (officials): no oath Amsterdam Games, were unable to organize Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: no the Winter Games, proposed three ceremony candidatures and the Games were awarded to Official opening by: Gaston Vidal (Under Saint Moritz. The Games were limited to eight Secretary of State) days, including two Sundays, and some events Emblem: no emblem were disrupted by bad weather. For the first Mascots: no mascot time, an Asian delegation (from Japan) Olympic venues: municipality of Chamonix, participated in the Winter Games. with cross-country skiing in the valley.

This "International Week" was 1932 LAKE PLACID, United retroactively named the first Olympic Winter Games at the 24th IOC Session held in Lisbon States in 1926. The decision to create a separate cycle Altitude and current population: 568m, 2,638 for the Winter Games was taken at the 1925 inhabitants Session in Prague. Charles Jewtraw (USA) was Dates: 4 to 15 February the first Olympic champion in the history of the Other candidate cities: (CAN), the Winter Games. NOC put forward six other candidate cities: , Yosemite Valley, , Duluth, Minneapolis and Denver. 1928 SAINT MORITZ, Participation: 17 NOCs, 252 athletes (21 Switzerland women, 231 men) 14 events, 4 sports Altitude and current population: 1,822m, Olympic oath (athletes): John Aimes Shea 5,029 inhabitants ( skating) Dates: 11 to 19 February Olympic oath (officials): no oath Other candidate cities: Davos and Engelberg Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: no (SUI) ceremony Participation: 25 NOCs, 464 athletes (26 Official opening by: Franklin D. Roosevelt women, 438 men), 14 events, 4 sports Emblem: no emblem Olympic oath (athletes): Hans Eidenbenz Mascots: no mascot () Olympic oath (officials): no oath Page 1/10

Olympic venues: events in Lake Placid and sidelines. This edition of the Winter Games was others on Mt. Van Hoevenberg (Nordic and the first to have its own official film. disciplines). These were the first Winter Games to be held in The 1940 and 1944 Olympic Winter Games did North America. Lake Placid, a small in the not take place because of the Second World north-eastern United States, organised this third War. edition despite the economic depression. Formal ceremonies were held for the first time, with medals presented to athletes on a podium 1948 SAINT MORITZ, after the events. These Games were also Switzerland notable for some inclement weather and Altitude and current population: 1,822m, disagreements between Americans and 5,029 inhabitants Europeans concerning the rules of speed Dates: 30 January to 8 February skating. A female athlete carried her Other candidate cities: Lake Placid (USA) delegation's flag – that of Great Britain – at the Participation: 28 NOCs (nations), 669 athletes opening ceremony. (77 women, 592 men), 22 events, 4 sports Olympic oath (athletes) : Riccardo Torriani () 1936 GARMISCH- Olympic oath (officials): no oath PARTENKIRCHEN, Germany Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: no ceremony Altitude and current population: 708m, Official opening by: President Enrico Celio 26,732 inhabitants Emblem: rectangle with a sun (logo of the Dates: 6 to 16 February municipality) whose rays shine onto the Olympic Other candidate cities: Saint Moritz rings and the words "V Jeux Olympiques d’hiver Participation: 28 NOCs, 646 athletes (80 Saint Moritz 1948". women, 566 men), 17 events, 4 sports Mascots: no mascot Olympic oath (athletes): Wilhelm Bogner Olympic venues: the municipality, with ( and combined) crosscountry skiing around the lake and some of Olympic oath (officials): no oath the skeleton and bobsleigh tracks in the Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: no municipality of Celerina. ceremony

Official opening by: Chancellor Adolf Hitler After a 12-year break caused by the Second Emblem: A circle containing the Olympic rings, World War, these V Games were called the beneath the Zugspitze mountain, with a track "Games of Renewal". Neither Japan nor leading up to it. Around, there is the inscription Germany were invited to Switzerland, the "IV. Olympische Winterspiele 1936, Garmisch- memories of the war being too fresh. By hosting Partenkirchen". this fifth edition, the resort in Haute Engadine Mascots: no mascot became the first city to organise the Winter Olympic venues: in the town, around the Games twice. As in 1928, the accommodation Riessersee lake, with cross-country skiing in the was spread between the two parts of the village: forest towards Mittenwald. Saint Moritz Dorf and Saint Moritz Bad. The resort of Garmisch-Partenkirchen was formed by the amalgamation one year before the Games of two situated either side of the River Partnach. 1952 , Altitude and current population: 204m, For the first time, an Olympic flame burned in 507,467 inhabitants the city during the Games, although it was not lit Dates: 14 to 25 February by an athlete. This edition saw the introduction Other candidate cities: Cortina d'Ampezzo of to the programme, as well as (ITA) and Lake Placid (USA) radio reporters who covered the events from the Participation: 30 NOCs, 694 athletes (109 women, 585 men), 22 events, 4 sports Olympic Winter Games /January 2008 Page 2/10

Olympic oath (athletes): Torbjorn Falkanger ), which overhangs the resort, is () pictured. Olympic oath (officials): no oath Mascots: no mascot Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Eigil Olympic venues: The Trampolino Olimpico Nansen (ski-jumping stadium which can still be seen Official opening by: HRH Princess Ragnhild today) is at the resort entrance. The Emblem: A circle containing the Olympic rings crosscountry skiing tracks run alongside the and the silhouette of Oslo's new town hall. On river that flows across the resort and a the outside border, the inscription : "De VI. provisional " stadium"(?) was constructed Olympiske Vinterleker Oslo 1952". at the finishing lines two kilometres from the Mascots: no mascot village centre. The Stadio Appolonio and the Olympic venues: In the city of Oslo and to the Stadio Olimpico del Ghiaccio were the two north, around the Holmenkollen hill (Oslo is one open-air ice rinks. The latter, built especially for of the largest capitals in terms of surface area). the Games, has an original design, since the stands form a Ushape, with the fourth side The first edition of the Winter Games to be open, providing a view of the mountains which hosted in Scandinavia, birthplace of numerous dominate the resort. This ice stadium, a real winter disciplines, broke new ground in many open-air theatre, hosted the opening and closing ways. In particular, the Olympic flame lighting ceremonies of the Games. The Pista Olimpica ceremony, which took place in the hearth of the del bob finishes around 100m from the ice rink, home of Sondre Norheim, a pioneer of modern but on the opposite slope (in the shade). The skiing. The final torch bearer was the grandson Olimpia Run, the Canalone and the Col Druscié, of Nansen, the famous polar explorer. This three of the four Alpine skiing , are still on edition was the first Winter Games to be held in the same slope, beneath the massif. The a capital and on the coast. It was also the first men's (la Ilio Coli) is opposite, time the had been opened by a on the Sorapis massif above Cortina. The final woman. sports venue is the Misurina lake 13km away, in the municipality of Auronzo. This lake is at an altitude of 1752m and freezes over in winter, 1956 CORTINA d’AMPEZZO, which means that can be held at the foot of the , famous Dolomite peaks. Altitude and current population: 1,210m,

6,570 inhabitants Four years before hosting the Summer Games Dates: 26 January to 5 February in Rome, Italy staged the Winter Games in Other candidate cities: Colorado Springs Cortina d’Ampezzo, a resort in the . (USA), Lake Placid (USA) and Montreal (CAN) For the first time, the Games were televised live Participation: 32 NOCs, 821 athletes (134 and TV viewers were able to watch a female women, 687 men), 24 events, 4 sports athlete light the Olympic cauldron. The flame Olympic oath (athletes): Giuliana Chenal- had been lit at the Capitol in Rome. The 1956 Minuzzo (Alpine skiing) Winter Games were notable for the presence of Olympic oath (officials): no oath Soviet athletes, who enjoyed numerous Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Guido successes and retained an air of mystery by Caroli (speed skating) choosing separate accommodation from that of Official opening by: President Giovanni the other delegations. They brought an end to Gronchi the Canadian domination of ice hockey and Emblem: It represents a stylised snowflake dominated the speed skating events, while containing the five Olympic rings surmounted by Pavel Kolchin became the first non- a star, representing the emblem of the Italian Scandinavian to win a cross-country skiing National Olympic Committee. Underneath this medal. Alpine skier Toni Sailer also achieved an emblem, a summit from the Dolomites (Monte outstanding feat by winning the downhill, giant slalom and slalom events. In , Olympic Winter Games /January 2008 Page 3/10

American Tenley Albright was crowned Olympic English by Basil Swift, was performed at the champion even though she had been seriously opening ceremony. injured only two weeks before the Games. As for the men, Hayes Alan Jenkins stood at the top of an all-American podium. Switzerland's 1964 , Madeleine Berthod won the women's downhill Altitude and current population: 574m, on her birthday. 113,000 inhabitants Dates: 29 January to 9 February Other candidate cities: (CAN) and 1960 SQUAW VALLEY, United Lahti/Are (SWE) States Participation: 36 NOCs, 1,091 athletes (199 Altitude and current population: 1,880m, women, 892 men), 34 events, 6 sports 2,290 inhabitants Olympic oath (athletes): Paul Aste (bobsleigh) Dates: 18 to 28 February 1960 Olympic oath (officials):no oath Other candidate cities: Innsbruck (AUT), St. Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Joseph Moritz (SUI) and Garmisch-Partenkirchen (GER) Rieder (Alpine skiing) Participation: 30 NOCs, 665 athletes (144 Official opening by: President Dr Adolf Schärf women, 521 men), 27 events, 4 sports Emblem: The Olympic rings are depicted above Olympic oath (athletes): Carol Heiss (figure the city's coat of arms, which represents a white skating) bridge on a red background (Innsbruck literally Olympic oath (officials): no oath means bridge over the Inn). Mascots: no mascot Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Kenneth Olympic venues: Innsbruck (ice sports and ski Charles Henry (speed skating) jumping), Seefeld (Nordic), Igls (sled sports), Official opening by: Vice-President Richard Axamer-Lizum (Alpine). Nixon Emblem: Three superimposed triangles facing When the Games were held in Innsbruck, different directions, in the colours of the Austria became the last of the Alpine countries American flag, forming a stylised snowflake with to host the Games (although Innsbruck is in a the Olympic rings in the centre. valley rather than a ). For this occasion, the Tyrolean capital built an Olympic Olympic venues: all the venues were situated village, a brand new accommodation complex in the Olympic Valley (site of the ski resort). The based on the Summer Games model, as well as resort of Squaw Valley was created especially a smaller village in Seefeld for the athletes for these Olympic Winter Games, at the involved in the Nordic competitions. For the first instigation of the promoter . It time, the competition venues were spread is therefore easier to understand why the across a number of different towns and it was organisers refused to build a bobsleigh run, also the first time the Olympic flame was lit in since there was so much work involved in Olympia. Timing to a hundredth of a second was constructing all the facilities and infrastructures introduced in Alpine skiing. and, particularly, since only nine NOCs had entered the bobsleigh competitions. Buildings were erected especially to house the 1968 , France delegations, breaking with the tradition of Altitude and current population: 213m. accommodating them in hotels in the host 155,000 inhabitants resort. These Games were notable for the Dates: 6 to 18 February invention of a technology which revolutionized Other candidate cities: Calgary (CAN), sports broadcasting: the slow-motion replay. Lahti/Are (SWE), Sapporo (JPN), Oslo (NOR) Following the IOC's decision in 1958 to officially and Lake Placid (USA). approve the Olympic anthem by Spiros Participation: 37 NOCs, 1,158 athletes (211 Samaras and Kostis Palamas, a version by women, 947 men), 35 events, 6 sports. Robert Linn, with the words translated into

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Olympic oath (athletes): Léo Lacroix (Alpine and sled sports), Mount Eniwa (Alpine). This skiing) second edition of the Games to be held on the Olympic oath (officials): no oath coast and the first in an Asian country was Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Alain notable for the increasingly urgent question of Calmat (figure skating) the amateurism of athletes. At the sporting level, Official opening by: President Charles de these Games saw some outstanding Gaulle performances, such as the Japanese ski Emblem: A snow crystal surrounded by three jumping treble, the individual trebles of Soviet red roses, the symbol of the city, with the Kulakova in cross-country skiing and Dutchman Olympic rings Ard Schenk in speed skating, and the Alpine Mascots: "Schuss", a little character on , skiing gold medal won by Spaniard Ochoa (the but this was a unofficial mascot only Winter Games gold won by a Spaniard). Olympic venues: Grenoble (ice disciplines), (Alpine), Saint Nizier (ski jumping), Villard-de-Lans (), (Nordic), l’Alpe 1976 INNSBRUCK, Austria d’Huez (bobsleigh). Altitude and current population: 574m, 113,000 inhabitants Television viewers were able to watch colour Dates: 4 to 15 February broadcasts of the 1968 Games. Whereas in Other candidate cities: Denver (USA), Sion 1964 the luge and bobsleigh runs had been built (SUI), Tampere/Are (FIN) and (CAN) virtually side by side, this time they were at two Participation: 37 NOCs, 1,123 athletes (231 different resorts several dozen kilometres apart. women, 892 men), 37 events, 6 sports After Switzerland and the United States, France Olympic oath (athletes): Werner Delle-Karth became the third country to host the Winter (bobsleigh) Games three times. It was the first time Olympic oath (officials): Willy Köstinger Grenoble had been a candidate. This was also (Nordic combined) the first time the IOC Medical Commission Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Christl carried out doping controls at the Olympic Haas and Josef Feistmantl, Alpine skiing and Games. luge Official opening by: President Dr Rudolf Kirschschläger 1972 SAPPORO Japan Emblem: Identical to the emblem of the 1964 Altitude and current population: 23m, Games, except the rings are not in colour. The 1,864,352 inhabitants (including suburbs) Olympic rings are depicted above the city's coat Dates: 3 to 13 February of arms, which represents a white bridge on a Other candidate cities: Banff (CAN), Lahti/Are red background (Innsbruck literally means (SWE) and (USA). bridge over the Inn) Participation: 35 NOCs, 1,006 athletes (205 Mascots: A snowman wearing a Tyrolean hat women, 801 men), 35 events, 6 sports Olympic venues: Innsbruck (ice sports and ski Olympic oath (athletes): Keiichi Suzuki (speed jumping), Seefeld (Nordic), Igls (sled sports), skating) Axamer-Lizum (Alpine). Olympic oath (officials): Fumio Asaki Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Hideki After Denver (USA), which had been awarded Takada (schoolboy) the Games, pulled out, the IOC approached the Official opening by: Emperor Hiro-Hito other candidate cities and asked Innsbruck to Emblem: It represents a combination of three organise this edition.The Austrian city used its elements : the Rising Sun, symbol of Japan, a existing sports facilities, but also had to build a snowflake and the rings with the inscription new track for the sled sports in Igls. For the first "Sapporo' 72". time, these two sports were held on the same Mascots: no mascot track. In order to mark Innsbruck's second Olympic venues: Sapporo and Makomanai (ice edition of the Games, organised 12 years after and Nordic disciplines), Mount Teine (Alpine the first, two Olympic cauldrons were lit. They Olympic Winter Games /January 2008 Page 5/10

can still be admired at the foot of the ski-jump Participation: 49 NOCs, 1,272 athletes (274 on the Bergisel, which dominates the city. women, 998 men), 39 events, 6 sports, 10,450 volunteers, 7,393 media (2,363 written press, 5,030 broadcasters). 1980 LAKE PLACID, United Olympic oath (athletes): Boran Krizaj (Alpine skiing) States Olympic oath (officials): Dragan Perovic Altitude and current population: 568m, 2,638 (Alpine skiing) inhabitants Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Sandra Dates: 13 to 24 February Dubravcic (figure skating) Other candidate cities: Vancouver-Garibaldi Official opening by: President Mika Spiljak (CAN), who withdrew before the final vote Emblem: It symbolises a stylised snowflake Participation: 37 NOCs, 1,072 athletes (232 with the Olympic rings above. It also features women, 840 men), 38 events, 6 sports, 6,703 the design of the embroidery produced in the volunteers region. Olympic oath (athletes): Eric Heiden (speed Mascots: "Vuchko", the tough and courageous skating) wolf, both happy and serious. Olympic oath (officials): Terry McDermott Olympic venues: Sarajevo (ice sports), (speed skating) Bjelasnica and (Alpine), (Nordic Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Dr Charles sports), Trebevic (sled sports). Morgan Kerr (team doctor)

Official opening by: Vice-President of the After the , the Appalachians, the Rockies, United States, Walter Mondale the Baltic Shield and the Japanese Alps, the Emblem: a capital L adapted to represent a Winter Games were held in the Dinarides (or mountain and a column with a serration Balkan Alps), in a semi-Socialist (non-aligned) symbolising the fact that the Games had been country. The Games in Sarajevo, which is now held twice in Lake Placid. the capital of , marked Mascots: "Roni", a small raccoon the beginning of a new economic era for sport, Olympic venues: Lake Placid (ice sports), Mt. with the development of television broadcasting Van Hoevenberg (Nordic and sled sports), Mt. rights. Whiteface (Alpine).

Lake Placid has submitted more bids (eight) to 1988 CALGARY, host the Olympic Winter Games than any other Altitude and current population: 1,048m, city. After Saint Moritz and Innsbruck, it became 1,037,100 inhabitants (including suburbs) the third city to organise the Winter Games Dates: 13 to 28 February twice, but this time after a gap of 48 years. In Other candidate cities: Falun (SWE) and order to overcome a lack of snow, the Cortina d'Ampezzo (ITA) organisers used artificial snow for the first time. Participation: 57 NOCs, 1,423 athletes (301 Many outstanding sporting feats were achieved women, 1,122 men), 46 events, 6 sports, 9,498 at these Games, although the Olympic village, volunteers, 6,838 media (2,477 written press, situated less than 6 km from the centre, was the 4,361 broadcasters) first to be converted into a prison. Olympic oath (athletes): Pierre Harvey (Nordic skiing) Olympic oath (officials): Suzanna Morrow 1984 SARAJEVO, Francis (figure skating) Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Robin Altitude and current population: 500m and Perry (schoolgirl) 400,000 inhabitants (estimate) Official opening by: Her Excellency Jeanne Dates: 8 to 19 February Sauvé Other candidate cities: Sapporo (JPN) and Emblem: It represents a stylised snowflake Falun/Göteborg (SWE) above the Olympic rings. It can also be seen as a stylised maple leaf, the national emblem of Olympic Winter Games /January 2008 Page 6/10

Canada. Composed of different letters "C" for Mascots: "Magique", half-imp half-star wearing Canada and Calgary, the emblem is rich in a red bobble hat. symbolism. Olympic venues: (ice events), Val Mascots: "Howdy and Hidy" are an inseparable d’Isère and Les Ménuires (Alpine), Méribel brother and sister pair of polar bears, (Alpine and ice hockey), Olympic venues: Calgary (ice disciplines), (crosscountry skiing), (ski jumping), Canmore (Nordic disciplines), (Alpine), (bobsleigh), Pralognan-la-Vanoise Canada (ski jumping, sled sports, (), (), ). (freestyle skiing), Brides-les-Bains (Olympic village). The city of organised the first Winter Games to be held in Canada, with the This third edition of the Winter Games to be held Vancouver Games to come in 2010. In order to in France used the very dense network of winter avoid the disastrous effects of the Chinook (a sports resorts in the . This warm wind similar to the Alpine foehn), snow meant that accommodation was available for all cannons were placed along the Alpine ski runs categories of people participating in or wishing and the cross-country skiing tracks. The to watch the Games. For the first time, the facilities at the (sled Olympic village was not located in or adjacent to sports track, ski-jump), built on the edge of the the host city, but in the thermal spa of Brides-les city, were for a long time the only facilities of this Bains, 32 km away. Albertville only hosted the type in this part of North America and enabled skating events and ceremonies. As far as the athletes to train and practise. Curling, shorttrack delegations were concerned, these Games saw speed skating and freestyle skiing all featured a number of firsts. The countries that made up on the programme as demonstration sports and the former USSR competed under the name disciplines. Unified Team (EUN), while Croatia and Slovenia participated for the first time as independent nations. A unified German team participated for 1992 ALBERTVILLE, the first time since 1936, while the Baltic states Altitude and current population: 352m, (Estonia and ) entered for the first time 18,200 inhabitants since 1936 and 1928 respectively. Dates: 8 to 23 February Other candidate cities: Anchorage (USA), Berchtesgaden (GER), Cortina d'Ampezzo 1994 , Norway (ITA), Lillehammer (NOR), Falun (SWE) and Altitude and current population: 180m, Sofia (BUL) 27,000 inhabitants Participation: 64 NOCs, 1,801 athletes (488 Dates: 12 to 27 February Other candidate cities: women, 1,313 men), 57 events, 7 sports, 8,647 Anchorage (USA), Oestersund / Are (SWE) and volunteers, 5,894 media (2,271 written press, Sofia (BUL) 3,623 broadcasters) Participation: 67 NOCs, 1,737 athletes (522 Olympic oath (athletes): Surya Bonaly (figure women, 1,215 men), 61 events, 6 sports, 9,054 skating) volunteers, 6,633 media (2,615 written press, Olympic oath (officials): Pierre Bornat (Alpine 4,018 broadcasters) skiing) Olympic oath (athletes): Vegard Ulvang Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Michel (Nordic skiing) Platini (football) Olympic oath (officials): Kari Karing (figure Official opening by: President François skating) Mitterrand Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Prince Emblem: An Olympic flame in the colours of Haakon Magnus Savoie (white cross on a red background), with Official opening by: His Majesty King Harald V two lines in the colours of France forming ski Emblem: It is comprised of a stylised aurora tracks underneath. The Olympic rings are at the borealis against a blue background, the five bottom.

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Olympic rings, snow crystals and the title Olympic venues: Nagano (ice and sled sports), "Lillehammer '94". Karuizawa (curling), Nosawa Onsen (), Mascots: "Haakon and Kristin", small Hakuba (ski jumping, Alpine skiing), Norwegian children in traditional costume Yamanouchi (Alpine skiing + ), Olympic venues: and (Alpine), Lizuna Kogen (freestyle skiing). Hunderfossen (Alpine disciplines), Gjøvik , Hamar (ice sports), Lillehammer (ice sports + Japan hosted the Winter Games for the second ski jumping), Birkebeineren (cross-country time. Azerbaijan, Kenya, the Former Yugoslav skiing), Kanthaugen (freestyle skiing) Republic of Macedonia, Uruguay and Venezuela participated in the Olympic Winter Games for The Lillehammer Games marked a turning point the first time. Curling returned to the Games in the history of the Winter Olympics. Firstly, programme, while and women's because they were held two years after the ice hockey featured for the first time. Like Albertville Games in order to separate them previous Games, this edition focussed on from the Summer Games, but particularly environmental protection and the use of because they were organised under the banner technology to protect nature. Curling, of total respect for the environment. This edition snowboarding and women's ice hockey were was also a public success and was notable for included in the programme; all these sports architectural feats such as the Gjøvik ice were open to women. stadium, which was dug out of a cave, and the one in Hamar, shaped like an upside-down Viking ship. 2002 SALT LAKE CITY, United

States 1998 NAGANO, Japan Altitude and current population: 1,320m, 180,000 inhabitants (1.3 million including Altitude and current population: 300m, suburbs) 361,021 inhabitants Dates: 8 to 24 February 2002 Dates: 7 to 22 February Other candidate cities: Öestersund (SWE), Other candidate cities: Aoste (ITA), Jaca (CAN) and Sion (SUI) (ESP), Oestersund (SWE) and Salt Lake City Participation: 77 NOCs, 2,399 athletes (886 (USA) women, 1,513 men), 78 events, 7 sports, 22,000 Participation: 72 NOCs, 2,176 athletes (787 volunteers, 8,730 media (2,661 written press, women, 1,389 men), 68 events, 7 sports, 32,000 6,069 broadcasters) volunteers, 8,329 media (2,586 written press, Olympic oath (athletes): Jim Shea (skeleton) 5,743 broadcasters). Olympic oath (officials): Allen Church (Alpine Olympic oath (athletes): Kenji Ogiwara (Nordic skiing) combined) Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: 1980 US Olympic oath (officials): Junko Hiramatsu ice hockey team (figure skating) Official opening by: President George W. Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Midori Ito Bush (figure skating) Emblem: It represents a stylised snow crystal Official opening by: Emperor Akihito with bright colours – yellow, orange and blue. Emblem: "Mountain flower" is a flower with These are colours found in the landscape. each petal representing an athlete practising a Under the picture, above the Olympic rings, are winter sport and can also be seen as a the words "Salt Lake 2002". snowflake symbolising the Olympic Winter Mascots: Taken from Indian legends, "Powder" Games the hare, "Copper" the coyote and "Coal" the Mascots: The "Snowlets", "Sukki", "Nokki", bear illustrate the Olympic motto "faster, higher, "Lekki" and "Tsukki", are four very colourful stronger" owls. A bird which has long represented "the Olympic venues: Snowbassin (Alpine skiing), wisdom of the woods" in many countries Salt Lake City, Hogden and Provo (ice

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disciplines), Park City (snowboard + Alpine Mascots: Neve and Gliz were also inspired by skiing), (freestyle skiing + Alpine the natural elements essential to the Winter skiing), (cross-country skiing), Games: snow and ice. They are affectionate (ski jumping and sled and warm, and come to life through the passion sports). The fourth edition of the Olympic Winter that is so characteristic of Italy. Neve, who is round and inspired by snow, is dressed in red, Games to be held in the United States took while Gliz is more square, wears a blue outfit place on the shores of the which and represents ice. gave its name to Salt Lake City, capital of Utah. Olympic venues: Bardonecchia (snowboard), Most competition venues were situated high up Pinerolo (curling), Pragelato (Nordic combined, in the Wasatch Mountains. The cross-country ski jumping and cross country skiing), Cesana- skiing event was held at the maximum altitude Pariol (luge and bobsleigh), Cesana-San Sicario permitted by the International Ski Federation, (biathlon), San Sicario-Fraiteve (women’s Alpine while the Salt Lake ice rink was one of the skiing), Sauze d’Oulx (aerials), and highest in the world. The skeleton made a return (men’s Alpine skiing). Turin hosted speed to the Games programme after the two editions skating, short-track, figure skating and ice hockey, as well as the opening, closing and in Saint Moritz. Meanwhile, the bobsleigh was medal presentation ceremonies. opened to women in 2002, leaving ski jumping and the Nordic combined as the only single-sex Fifty years after the Games of Cortina winter disciplines. There were numerous firsts at d’Ampezzo, Italy hosted the Winter Games for a these Games: the first medals ever won in second time, in the city of Turin, capital of the Winter Games history by Estonia and Croatia, Piedmont region. The Alpine events took place and the first gold medals for China and to the west of the city in the resorts of Val di Australia. Suza and Val di Chisone, near the French border. These Games were the occasion for the general public to discover new events, such as 2006 TURIN, Italy , team speed skating races and Altitude and current population: 239m, biathlon group start. With a record 80 NOCs 908,000 inhabitants (1.7 million for the participating, these Games included athletes agglomeration) from Albania, Madagascar and Ethiopia Dates: 10 to 26 February 2006 participating for the first time. Latvia won the first Other candidate cities: Sion (SUI), Helsinki Winter medal in its history. France won its first (FIN), Klagenfurt (AUT), Poprad-Tatry (SVK) medal in cross country skiing, and Finland its and Zakopane (POL) Participation: 80 NOCs, 2,508 athletes (960 first medal in Alpine skiing. women, 1,548 men), 84 events, 7 sports, 18,000 volunteers, 9,408 media representatives (2,688 written press, 6,720 broadcasters) 2010 VANCOUVER, Canada Olympic oath (athletes): Giorgio Rocca (Alpine Altitude et current population: 21m, 578 000 skiing) inhabitants (2.2 millions for the agglomération) Olympic oath (officials): Fabio Bianchetti (ISU) Dates : 12 to 28 February 2010 Lighting of the Olympic cauldron: Stefania Other candidate cities: Andorra la Vella (AND), Belmondo (cross country skiing) (SUI), Harbin (CHN), Jaca (ESP), Official opening by: President Carlo Azeglio PyeongChang (KOR), Salzburg (AUT), Sarajevo Ciampi (BIH). Emblem: it represents the silhouette of the Mole Antonelliana, a building and historical monument with an unmistakable silhouette. This emblem also represents a mountain of ice 2014 SOTCHI, crystals, a reference to the natural elements of Altitude et current population: 34m, 328 000 the Winter Games. In this way, the emblem inhabitants passes on a message of exchange and Dates: 7 to 23 February 2014 interaction between the Alpine communities and Other candidate cities: Salzburg (AUT), Jaca the great city in Piedmont. (ESP), Almaty (KAZ), PyeongChang (KOR), Sofia (BUL) and Borjomi (GEO)

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OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES January 2008

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