hbBSE THE LIBRARY THE INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES TORONTO PRESENTED BY 1 s Very Reverend H. Carr, • • • dime 1, 1938 M£D/^ LlBRKRH &. ^ ^t'^ THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY T. E. PAGE, M.A. AND W. H, D. ROUSE, Litt.D. LUCIAN I Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/lucianlu01luci LUCIAN WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY A. M. HARMON OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN EIGHT VOLUMES I LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. MCMXIII yUN - 9 1938 IIS43 CONTENTS FA3E '. FHALAKIS I . ] II 21 HIPPIAS, OR THE BATH (Hippi'l*) . 33 Dionysus {Bacchus) 47 heracles {Hercules) 61 ^ amber, or the swans {De electro) • 73 *tue fly (Muscae laudatio) 81 nigrinus 97 DEMONAX 141 the hall {De domo) ... 175 MY native land {Patriae laudatio) 209 * octogenarians {Loiiyatvi) 221 * a true story ( Ferae Historiae) i 247 5 5 5 5 55 55 II tiUo slander . {Calumniae non temere credendum) . 359 the consonants at law {Indicium vocalium) .... 395 the carousal, or the lapiths {Convivium) . 411 INTRODUCTION Lucian was born at Samosata in Commagene and calls himself a Syrian ; he may or may not have been of Semitic stock. The exact duration of his life is unknown, but it is probable that he was born not long before 125 a.d. and died not long after 180. Something of his life-history is given us in his own writings, notably in the Dream, the Doubly Indicted, the Fisher, and the Apology. If what he tells us in the Dream is to be taken seriously (and it is usually so taken), he began his career as apprentice to his uncle, a sculptor, but soon became disgusted with his prospects in that calling and gave it up for Rhetoric, the branch of the literary profession then most in favour. Theoretically the vocation of a rhetorician was to plead in court, to compose pleas for others and to teach the art of pleading ; but in practice his vocation was far less important in his own eyes and those of the public than his avocation, which consisted in going about from place to place vn PA .A7^ —: INTRODUCTION and often from country to country displaying his ability as a speaker before the educated classes. In this way Lucian travelled through Ionia and Greece to Italy and even to Gaul, and won much wealth and fame. Samples of his repertory are still extant among his works—declamations like the Phalaris, essays on abstract themes like Slander, descriptions, apprecia- tions, and depreciations. But although a field like this afforded ample scope for the ordinary rhetorician, it could not display the full talent of a Lucian. His bent for satire, which crops out even in his writings of this period, had to find expression, and ultimately found it in the satiric dialogue. In a sense, then, what he says is true, that he abandoned Rhetoric but only in a very limited sense. In reality he changed only his repertory, not his profession, for his productions continued to be presented in the same manner and for the same purpose as of old from a lecture-platform to entertain an audience. Rightly to understand and appreciate Lucian, one must recognise that he was not a philosopher nor even a moralist, but a rhetorician, that his mission in life was not to reform society nor to chastise it, but simply to amuse it. He himself admits on every page that he is serious only in his desire to please, and he would answer all charges but that of dullness viii , INTRODUCTION With an ov (frpovrU 'l7nroK\el8r]. Judged from his own stand-point, he is successful ; not only in his own times but in all the ensuing ages his witty, well- phrased comments on life, more akin to comedy than to true satire, have brought him the applause that he craved. Among the eighty-two pieces that have come down to us under the name of Lucian, there are not a few of which his authorship has been disputed. Certainly spurious are Halcyon, Nero, Philopatris and Astrology ; and to these, it seems to me, the Consonants at Law should be added. Furthermore, Demosthenes, Charidemus, Cynic, Love, Octogenarians, Hippias, JJngrammatical Man, Swiftfoot, and the epigrams are generally considered spurious, and there are several others (Disowned and My Country in particular) which, to say the least, are of doubtful authenticity. Beside satiric dialogues, which form the bulk of his work, and early rhetorical writings, we have from the pen of Lucian two romances, A True Story and Lucius, or the Ass (if indeed the latter is his), some introductions to readings and a number of mis- cellaneous treatises. Very few of his writings can be dated with any accuracy. An effort to group them on a chronological basis has been made by ix INTRODUCTION called entirely successful. M. Croiset, but it cannot be be presented in this The order in which they are to in the best manuscripts, edition is that followed Rabe's edition of the which, through its adoption in Nilen's edition of the text, scholia to Lucian and in bids fair to become standard. manuscripts of There are a hundred and fifty give us a tradition that Lucian, more or less, which none too good. There is no is fairly uniform but Lucian except Nilen's, satisfactory critical edition of His text will be followed which is now in progress. available elsewhere, that in this edition where it is ; critical notes will record of Jacobitz (1851). The Nilen or Jacobitz, as not only departures from their chief divergences the case may be, but also order that text and from the manuscripts. In possible correspond, con- translation may as far as with considerable jectures have been admitted of them fact that a good many freedom : for the translator he need not bear the initials of the if they are not no apologize if they are good ; deeply indebted to apology will avail him. He is reviewing his translation Professor Edward Capps for in the proof. —— BIBLIOGRAPHY. Chief manuscripts : Vaticanus 90 (r). Harleianus 5694 (E). Laurentianus C. S. 77 (*)• Marcianus 434 (n). Vindobonensis 123 (B). Mutinensis 193 (S). Vaticanus 1324 (U). Laurentianus 57, 51 (L). Principal editions : Florentine, of 1496, the first edition. Hemsterhuys-Reitz, Amsterdam 1743, containing a Latin translation by Gesner, critical notes, variorum commentary and a word-index (C. C. Reitz, 1746). Lehmann, Leipzig 1822-1831, a convenient variorum edition which contains Gesner's translation but lacks Reitz's index. Jacobitz, Leipzig 1836-1841, with critical notes, a subject-index and a word-index ; it contains the scholia. Jacobitz, Leipzig 1851, in the Teubner series of classical texts. Bekker, Leipzig 1853. Dindorf, Leipzig 1858, in the Tauchnitz series. Fritzsche, Rostock 1860-1882, an incomplete edition containing only thirty pieces ; excellent critical notes and prolegomena. Sommerbrodt, Berlin 1886-1899, also incomplete, but lacking only fifteen pieces ; with critical appendices. Nilen, Leipzig.* 1906- , the new Teubner text, with very full critical notes ; it is to appear in eight parts, of which the first is out and the second in press. xi — BIBLIOGRAPHY Noteworthy English Translations : Francklin, London 1780. Tooke, London 1820. Fowler (H. W.) and Fowler (F. G.), Oxford 1905. Scholia : edited by Rabe, Leipzig 1906. Croiset, Essai sur la Vie et les (Euvres de Lucian, Paris' 1882. Foerster, Lucian in der Renaissance, Kiel 1886. Helm, Lucian und Menipp, Leipzig 1906. There are also very numerous editions and translations of selections from Lucian, of which no mention has been made, besides dissertations and essays. A survey of the Lucian literature for ten years back may be found in Bursians Jahresbericht 129 (1906), pp. 237-252, and 149 (1910), pp. 44-95. xn THE WORKS OF LUCIAN PHALARIS This piece and its fellow should not be taken as a serious attempt to whitewash Phalaris and to excuse Delphi for accepting a tainted gift. They are good specimens of the stock of a rhetorician, and something more. To put yourself in another man's shoes and say what he would have said was a regular exercise of the schools, but to laugh in your sleeve as you said it was not the way of the ordinary rhetorician. VOL. I. AYKIANOY <I>AAAPI2 "Eirefiyjrev r)/J,a<;, w AeXcfrol, 6 i^erepo^ huvda- 1 /cat t?7? QciXapis agovTas t&> 6eu> rbv ravpov rovrov vfuv SiaXegofievovs rd el/cora virep re avrov eiceivov Kal virep rod dvaOr/fiaro^. wv fiev ovv eveKa eire- rjfcofiev, ravrd eartv a he ye 737)09 v/Mas aretXev rdhe' 1 rot? 'E7C0, (f>r}(TLv, o) AeX(f>ol, teal irapd iraac pkv "EXX?)(7( toiovtos viroXap,$dveadai oirolos ei^i, p.taovi'rwv Kal cf>0o- dXXa fir] oirolov 7] irapd twv d/coal<; irapa- vovvrcov (pr/fJLV Tat? t&v dyvoovvrwv heh(OKei>, dvrl twv irdvrcov aXXa^aifii^v dv, pdXicrTa irdpehpot 10O Be irap vplv, 6a (p lepoi re eare Kal YlvOlov Kal /jLOVOV ov ovvoikoi Kal OfAWpOCJUOl TOV Oeov. 7)yovfMai yap, el vfuv dirnXoyrja-aifitjv Kal ireLcrat/jbi /Jbdrrfv oj/ao? vireiXr)$9aL, Kal roh dXXois diraai hi v/jlwv diroXeXoyrj/jievos eaeadai. koXw he mv epo) rbv 6ebv avrbv fidprvpa, ov ovk evi hr) irov irapaXoyiaaadai Kal yfrevhel Xoyw irapa- 1 Lacuna noted by rdSe Herwerden : not in MSS. E. Schwartz, Nilen. THE WORKS OF LUCIAN PH ALAR IS I Men of Delphi, we have been sent by our ruler Phalaris to bring your god this bull, and to say to you what should be said about Phalaris himself and about his gift.