UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 181 Date 15/06/2006 Time 9:27:44 AM
S-0903-0010-10-00001
Expanded Number S-0903-0010-10-00001
items-in-Cyprus - documents, resolutions, reports by the Secretary-General - reports by the Secretary-General
Date Created 29/01/1973
Record Type Archival Item
Container s-0903-0010: Peackeeping -Cyprus 1971-1981
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit Mr. President:
I have listened carefully to the discussion which has just been concluded about my report on the United ilations Operation in Cyprus. I have noted in particular the remarks made by the
Members of the Council, and by the representatives invited to participate in the Council's debate, concerning the plan for the reduction of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force.
In the light of these remarks it is my intention to undertake shortly consultations with the representatives of countries providing contingents for UiiFICYP, and with the representatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey, with a view to finalizing arrangements for the implementation during the current mandate/of Phase Two of the reduction plan. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11137 COUNCIL 1 December 1973 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OH THE UNITED NATIONS * OPERATION IN CYPRUS
(for the period 1 June 1973 to 1 December 1973)
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 3
I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS U
A. Composition and deployment h B. Plan for the reduction of UNFICYP 8 C. Function and guiding principles 12 D. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot leadership 12 E. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force 12
II. ' ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER . .- 13
A. Military situation 13 1. Armed forces in Cyprus other than UNFICYP 13 (a) Government armed forces 13 (b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements 13 (c) Greek and Turkish national contingents 13 2. General assessment of the- situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting 1** 3. Observance of the cease-fire . l6
B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order . 17
73-2799^ /. S/11137 English Page 2
CQNTENTS (continued)
Page
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS 18
IV. INTERCOMMUNAL TALKS AND GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL . . 21
•V. MEDIATION EFFORT 22
VI. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 23
VII. OBSERVATIONS -•-... 25
MAP DEPLOYMENT OF UKFICYP AS AT 30 NOVEMBER 1973 S/11137 Engli sh Page 3
INTRODUCTION
1. The present report on the United Nations Operations in Cyprus covers developments from 1 June 1973 to 30 November 1973 and brings up to date the record of the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) pursuant to the mandate laid down in Security Council resolution 186 (196*0 of k March 196U and subsequent resolutions of the Council relating to Cyprus. S/11137 English Page 6 opportunity to place on record my deep appreciation and that of the Commander and all ranks of UNFICYP, both past and present, for the outstanding services rendered "by all members of the Austrian Field Hospital during the years 196U-1973.
7. To sum up, the following changes in the composition of the Force took place during the period covered by this report:
(a) Austria: The Jith Austrian Battalion replaced the 3rd Battalion. The Austrian Field Hospital was withdrawn and its place taken by a smaller UHFICYP medical centre, for which Austria provided the medical personnel. At the end of October, l8l officers and men of the Austrian battalion were transferred to Egypt to form part of UWEF. Replacements for UNFICYP arrived in Cyprus on 15, 29 and 30 November.
(b) Canada: The 2nd Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment, replaced the 3rd Battalion, The Royal 22nd Hegiment.
(c) Denmark: The 20th Battalion replaced the 19th Battalion.
(d) Finland: A partial rotation took place twice during the period. The incoming troops form the 20th Battalion, of which 208 officers and men were diverted to UNEF. Replacements for UHFICYP arrived in Cyprus on 7 and 8 November.
(e) Ireland: The 25th Infantry Group replaced the 2Uth Infantry Group. This Group, numbering 130, was sent to UHEF at the end of October. Ho replacement is foreseen for the time being.
(f) Sweden: The 51st Battalion replaced the 50th Battalion, of which 183 officers and men had been dispatched to OTEF.
(g) United Kingdom: The 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards (armoured unit in an infantry role) replaced the 1st Battalion, The Parachute Regiment. "A" Squadron, l6th/5th, The Queen's Royal Lancers, replaced "B" Squadron, The Blues and Royals. 65 Squadron, Royal Corps of Transport, replaced 38 Squadron, Royal Corps of Transport.
8. The number of permanently manned military observation posts has been reduced to 53. (See paragraph'31 below).
9. In connexion with the non-replacement of the Irish infantry group, a redeployment has taken place. The Austrian contingent has moved from Paphos District to replace the Irish contingent in Larnaca sector and the British contingent in Kophinou sector, the two sectors together now forming Larnaca district. The British contingent has taken over Paphos district, which, together with Limassol district, forms Limassol zone. In addition, responsibility for conducting the daily United Nations convoys on the Kyrenia Road has been taken over fully by UNCIVPOL, which previously exercised this in conjunction with the Finnish contingent. The Force is now deployed as follows: (see attached map). S/11137 English Page 7 I
HQ OTFICYP, including; HQ UHFICYP'civilian police (UNCIVPOL) - Nicosia
Combined HQ staff Force reserve (British reconnaissance squadron less one troop) Force logistic and support units (elements of Austrian and British contingents) Nicosia district Canadian contingent * Austrian civilian police Famagiista district
Swedish contingent i Swedish civilian police Larnaca district Austrian contingent Swedish civilian police Danish civilian police „
Limassol zone British infantry "battalion One troop British reconnaissance squadron Australian civilian police Lefka district Danish contingent Danish civilian police
Kyrenia district Finnish contingent Austrian civilian police 10. The number of UNCIVPOL stations and substations has remained unchanged during the period covered by this report. 11. The Force remains under the command of Major-General D. Prem Cha.nd. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus continues to be Mr. B, F. Osorio-Tafall.. S/11137 English Page 8
Casualties
12. During the period under review, UHFICYP suffered no casualties attributable to intercommunal incidents. Two accidental deaths occurred. One British soldier died and one British officer was killed in a motor car accident.
Discipline
13. The over-all discipline and bearing of the officers and other ranks of the United Rations Peace-keeping Force has continued to be of a high order and reflects credit on the contingent commanders, their staffs and the armed forces of the contributing nations.
B. Plan for the reduction of UHFICYP lU. In my last report to the Security Council I stated that I and my colleagues had been studying ways and means of reducing the United Rations commitment in Cyprus in terms both of finance and manpower, and added:
"In my next report to tjie Council and in light of developments in the coming months5 I intend to make appropriate recommendations in this regard, taking into account political and military, as well as financial considerations. The feasibility of any such move will, of course, depend to a large extent on the progress of the intercommunal talks. Meantime, within the existing framework, I plan as soon as possible to make such economies as can be achieved without jeopardizing the effectiveness of the operation" (3/109^0, para. 99).
15. After consultations with the Permanent Missions of the countries contributing contingents, I presented to them in September 1973 a plan, based on the recommendations of the Force Commander, for the first phase of the economy measures which were to be carried out within the existing framework. The Permanent Missions of Cyprus., Greece and Turkey were also consulted. With the concurrence of the contributing Governments, the plan for the first phase has now been almost fully implemented. The resulting reductions in strength for the various contingents of UHFICYP., as adjusted to take account of the fact that the Irish infantry group has been dispatched to UHEF and will not be replaced in UHFICYP for the time being, will total U39 all ranks by 15 December.
16. Assuming that the present level of stability and security in the intercommunal situation remains unchanged or improves, it is my opinion, based on an assessment by the Force Commander., that these reductions will not jeopardize the effectiveness of the Force in discharging the mandate as laid down by the Security Council in resolution 186 (196U). Nor do I consider that there is need to alter the modus operandi of the Force or its basic deployment except as has been made necessary by the non-replacement of the Irish infantry group. S/11137 English Page 9
IT. In considering ways and means of achieving further reductions of the United Hations commitment in Cyprus, I have had to "bear in mind the advice of the Force Commander that such reductions would necessarily involve certain changes in the basic deployment and modus operandi of the Force. Such changes, however, should not impair the ability of the Force to perform effectively its necessary peace- keeping function as appropriate in the changed circumstances prevailing in Cyprus, provided certain prerequisites are met.
18. The main prerequisite would be a firm understanding that the parties directly concerned in Cyprus will maintain, and if possible strengthen, in co-operation with UNFICYP, their present policy of ensuring that significant intercommunal clashes, especially shooting incidents, are prevented. A commitment of this kind should preferably be supported also by the Governrents of Greece and Turkey. All concerned would thus undertake to share with UWFICYP the responsibility of ensuring that minor incidents d_- not escalate, and they would issue specific instructions to all their military and civilian personnel to co-operate with UHFICYP, to that end. Such instructions should if possible specify that military commanders should, without prejudice, comply with any provisional or preventive measures that UHFICYP may recommend with a view to preventing the recurrence of fighting, subject to subsequent negotiations at the appropriate level. In addition to these prerequisites, it would be most desirable that the parties directly concerned should agree, if only on an initial trial basis, to limited measures of deconfrontation.
19- Once the above prerequisites have been satisfactorily met, the Force could be restructured to provide an effective instrument for the implementation of the mandate in accordance with revised directives I would issue to the Force Commander. These would specify, inter alia, that UHFICYP's role with regard to preventing the recurrence of fighting should now emphasize preventive action and measures such as negotiations and persuasion with the co-operation of the parties directly concerned, rather than relying on military deployment and interposition of military forces on the ground.
20. To fulfil this modified role, it is envisaged that UWFICYP would undergo a restructuring that would convert it into an intermediate-sized mixed operation comprising both ground troops and observation-reconnaissance teams. Groups of four or more of these teams would replace some of the conventional rifle companies of the several UHFICYP battalions, resulting in manpower economies. The teams would operate with radio-equipped light vehicles, and would have the task of general patrolling, investigations of incidents and complaints, and deployment to observe and help in resolving any developing sensitive situation.
21. Consultations on the second phase of the reduction plan have taken place with the Governments contributing contingents. These consultations were in the nature of very tentative contingency planning, in preparation for the submission of my recommendations to the Security Council. All of the contributing Governments were in favour of the second phase, but most of them felt that the prerequisites in paragraph 18 above were a condition for its implementation. Preliminary consultations have also taken place with the Governments of Cyprus., Greece and Turkey. S/11137 English Page 10
22. The plan for this second phase of reductions, provisionally scheduled for the spring rotations of 197^, assuming that the mandate is extended, would result in a further reduction of 383 all ranks {including 23 members of the UNFICYP civilian police). As indicated in the attached table, the currently planned total of first and second phase reductions (including those in UNCIVPOL) is 822 all ranks (26 per cent of the total strength as of 26 May 1973). S/11137 English Page 11
REDUCTIONS IN STRENGTH OF UNFICYP PLANNED UNDER PHASE ONE AND PHASE TWO
Strength Strength upon Strength upon Total as of completion of completion of reduction Unit 26 May 1973 Phase One Phase Two all ranks Headquarters UNFICYP (and signals troop) 175 175 158 17 >, MP company ^7 ^7 ^3 U Austrian contingent: Field Hospital ' 5^ I1* ^ ^0 Battalion 275 250 215 60 Danish contingent (Battalion) 279 251* 215 6U Finnish contingent (Battalion) 276 251 215 6l Swedish contingent (Battalion) 276 251 215 6l Canadian contingent (Battalion) 5^2 1*92 ^50 92 Irish contingent (infantry group) 131+ - -
United Kingdom contingent: Contingent headquarters k k h .. Battalion 585 ^70 hko Force reserve (Reconnaissance squadron) 121 121 - 121 UHFICYP logistic .support units 175 175 175 Helicopter detachment 30 ;' 30 30
Total military personnel 2,973 2,53*+ 2,17^ 799 Civilian police 171 171 1^8 23
TOTAL UNFICYP: 3,lM* 2,705 2,322 822 S/11137 English Page 12
C. Function and guiding principles
23. The function of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus was defined by the Security Council in its resolution 186 (196U) of k March 196U in the following terms:
"in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its "best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and,, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to'normal conditions".
2k. That resolution was reaffirmed by the Council in its subsequent resolutions of 13 March, 20 June, 9 August, 25 September and 18 December 196k; 19 March, 15 June,, 10 August and 17 December 19655 16 March., 16 June and 15 December 1966; 19 June and 22 December 1967; 18 March, 18 June and 10 December 1968; 10 June and 11 December 1969; 9 June and 10 December 1970; 26 May and 13 December 1971; 15 June and 12 December 1972 and 15 June 1973.
25. The guiding principles governing the operation of the Force, as summarized in the Secretary-General's report of 10 September 196^ (S/5950, para. 7), remain in effect. The duties of UHCTVPOL are as outlined in the report of 2 May 196H (S/5679, para, k).
' D. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Gypriot leadership
26. UHFICYP has maintained, as in the past, close liaison and good -working- relations with the Government of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot leadership. The Political Liaison Committee continues to meet as a rule every two weeks. The UHFICYP Deputy Chief of Staff, who acts as the Chairman, the Senior Political Adviser and his staff, the Police Adviser and the UHFICYP Economics Officer meet separately with Liaison Officers representing the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership with a view to resolving current intercommunal problems. Between 1 June and 1'December 1973, the Committee held 10 meetings with the Government Political Liaison Officer and 11 with the Turkish Cypriot Liaison Officer. One joint meeting similar to those reported previously (S/108^2, para". 15) was held during the period under review.
E. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force
27. During the period covered by this report six cases have occurred where UKFICYP has been denied freedom, of movement. Two of these may be attributed to the National Guard, four to the Turkish Cypriot fighters. All the cases were settled to the satisfaction of UEFICYP. S/11137 English Page 13
II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER
A. Military situation
1. Armed forces in Cyprus other than UNFICYP
(a) Government armed forrfes 28. The deployment of the National Guard does not seem to have changed during the period under review, although new camps and barracks have been constructed. There has been some increase in its strength resulting from the call-up of the second half of the 1955 age group and the release of the last of the 1953 age group.
29. The momentumi of training appears to have been maintained. The National Guard has continued to give adequate notice to UNFICYP of all large-scale troop activity.
30. The auxiliary police force mentioned in the previous report (S/109^0, para. 28) has been integrated into the Police Force as the Tactical Reserve Unit. This unit now has a strength of approximately 500. Its members are dressed in military-type uniforms, and are trained on paramilitary lines. The unit has been used mainly for police operations within the Greek Cypriot community. The Turkish Cypriot leadership continued to express fears and suspicions about the existence and expansion of this unit. These anxieties have been conveyed to the Government, which assured UNFICYP that this element will be absorbed as part of the ordinary police force, dressed in police uniform, as soon, as the internal security situation allows.
(b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements
.31. The strength and disposition of the Turkish Cypriot armed elements do not seem to have been altered significantly. Their training, morale and efficiency remain at a high standard. In a number of locations in the island new barrack buildings have been constructed to replace less suitable accommodations.
(c) Greek and Turkish national contingents 32. The strengths and locations of both contingents remain unchanged.
33. A partial rotation of the Greek national contingent took place on 16 July 1973.
3^. The Turkish national contingent rotated half of its personnel 011 25 September 1973- Both the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Turkey requested UNFICYP1s good offices in connexion with the rotation. UNFICYP assisted in the negotiations and provided the customary transport, escorts and observers. With the co-operation of both parties, the rotation was completed without major incident. S/11137 Engli sh Page 1^
2. General assessment of the situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting.
35. The intercommunal military situation has remained quiet during the period under review, and there have "been few incidents between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots.
36. Most of the violent incidents reported were not intercommunal in nature hut were the result of activities of illegal Greek Cypriot groups. Cordon and search operations carried out "by the Tactical Reserve Unit resulted in the apprehension of many persons wanted for anti-Government activities.
37- These developments within the Greek Cypriot community gave cause for concern to the Turkish Cypriot community, and close contact was maintained "by UNFTCYP with the Government and the Turkish leadership with a view to averting any adverse intercommunal effects.
38. As recorded in my last report (S/109^0, para. 93), UNFICYP presented to the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership concrete proposals for military deconfrontation. The proposals envisaged a step-by-step approach, involving, in the first stage, the appearance of military personnel without weapons and, in the second stage, their gradual replacement .by-unarmed police, thus leading to a reduction in the number of manned posts in selected areas. The Government has signified its willingness to implement these proposals, provided the Turkish Cypriots reciprocate, but the Turkish Cypriot leadership has not found itself in a position to do so. In its view, the violent incidents within the Greek Cypriot community make it impossible for the Turkish Cypriots to relax their military precautions, and, in any case, they feel that their security is threatened by the presence of larger armed forces on the Government side whose mobility is not constrained as is that of the Turkish Cypriot fighters.
39. As a contributory step towards achieving a measure of military deconfrontation, UWFICYP discontinued manning one United nations observation post in Nicosia and one in Kyrenia district. neither community reacted adversely to those changes. hO. In the absence of substantial progress towards military deconfrontation, UNFICYP has continued to watch the military situation closely in order to check activities by either side which might alter the military status quo to its advantage and thereby increase tension or generate incidents.
Ul. Despite efforts by UHFICYP, the agreement reached to resolve the problem concerning the village of Selemani which was reported in the last report (S/109^0, para. 38) has not yet been implemented, although the Turkish Cypriot leadership has initiated some constructive measures for improving the situation. The town of Limassol continues to be art area of particular concern, and breaches of the status quo there by Turkish Cypriots have remained at the high level noted in the last report (ibid.). Turkish Cypriot fighters continue to appear in uniform, sometimes carrying weapons, and marching is still conducted in connexion with weekly flag-raising ceremonies and on other occasions in breach of previous agreements. 3/1J137 English Paf--,e 15
Further, members of the Turkish Cypriot police element in Limassol have continued to appear in uniform, despite repeated protests "by UNFICYP. The Government has represented to UEFICYP its serious concern at these continued clear violations of the status quo and has indicated that unless they cease it will take whatever action may be necessary to bring them to an end.
U2. The problems of access by the Cyprus police (CYPOL) to the Turkish Cypriot villages of Ayios Andronikos and Alekhtora, also referred to in icy last report (3/109^0, paras. 38-39), are still not resolved satisfactorily. CYPOL patrols have passed through Ayios Andronikos, but not with the same degree of freedom of movement that they had enjoyed before they were prevented from entering the village. UFFICYP hat advised that CYPOL should make use of this limited access to the village for the time being as a step towards full restoration of the status quo ante. At the time of writing, the Government is not inclined to accept this advice and has reserved the right to take whatever steps are necessary to restore the situation., CYPOL has also been prevented from patrolling through the village of Alekhtora. UNFICYP has continued to urge both sides to adhere to the arrangement arrived at to resolve the problem when it first arose in June 1971- In LCTFICYP's view, this involved advance notice being communicated informally by CYPOL locally at a low level. The Turkish Cypriots have agreed that if this is done they will not interfere with CYPOL patrols. The Government, which does not concede that any such warning was given in the past, has agreed as a temporary measure to this procedure with a view to full restoration of what it considers to be the full status quo ante. • ~
1*3. During the period under review there have been further allegations of the illegal or clandestine importation of arms for use by both sides. The Government reported to UNFICYP landings by unidentified helicopters in the northern sector of Famagusta district. These reports were investigated by UNFICYP but no evidence was found, to support the allegations. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has also alleged that arms have been imported by Greek Cypriots, but in the absence of specific information TJNFICYP has not been able to conduct an investigation. hh. The arrangement described in my last report (S/109^0, para. Ul) to ensure U1FICYP surveillance over certain weapons acquired by the Turkish Cypriot leadership continued to function to the satisfaction of the Force Commander.
1*5- The five one-ton used Humber armoured trucks referred to in the last report (S/109^-0, para. U2) are still held in -Government custody in the CYPOL compound at Athalassa, near Nicosia. Four of these are in serviceable condition (the fifth, which was badly damaged by firep has not been refurbished)., and the control boxes of all five continue to be stored separately under joint Government/UNFICYP double lock and key system. The Force Commander however is not entirely satisfied that the latter measure constitutes an adequate safeguard against having thsse vehicles put back into use and is discussing possible further measures to prevent this with the Government. The Eiost satisfactory solution to this problem would be for the Government to ensure that without further delay the vehicles are either re-exported by the.importer or are dismantled under Government supervision (S/108U2, para. 30). S/11137 English 16
~k6. Notwithstanding the categoric statement to the contrary made in the last report (S/109^05 para. ^3), some local newspapers have continued from time to time to make allegations that the weapons imported by the Cyprus Government in 1966 and 19T2 and which are subject to UNFICYP inspection or surveillance (as indicated in S/76ll/Add.l:/S/1056U, Add.l and. 2; and S/1066^, paras, 29-30) have been distributed clandestinely to certain Greek Cypriot groups. In making these allegations, the newspapers concerned have not hesitated to cast doubts on the personal integrity of my Special Representative and the Force Commander. While I do not find it necessary'to respond to such unworthy aspersions., I can again state categorically that the allegations are without any truth whatsoever. The agreed inspection and surveillance arrangements for these weapons have continued to be applied to the complete satisfaction of the Force'Commander. During the period •under review, the Force Commander inspected the arras imported in 1966 and stored at Athalassa Police Station and those imported in 1972 stored within an UIIFICYP camp, under a double lock and key system,, ajt frequent intervals.
3. Observance of the cease-fire k-T. There were two shooting incidents considered by UHFICYP to be breaches of cease-fire during the period under review. The first was originated on 26 June 1973 by a National Guard soldier who accidentally fired two bursts from his submachine-gun near the Green Line in Nicosia; the National Guard section near the spot, thinking they were under attack, opened fire. The second incident took place on 26 September 1973 when a National Guard soldier near Xeros fired a shot carelessly. There were no injuries in either case.
U8,. Three other shooting incidents occurred when National Guard sentries in Iliocsia, Omorphita and the Kokkina area fired shots allegedly at intruders. No one was injured,
UQ. la. August members of CYPOL fired some shots near Turkish Cypriots in the vicinity of the villages of Melousha and Kandou. Cypriot police explained these as accidental discharges.
50. There was one instance of shots being fired in the direction of UNFICYP soldiers. A United Nations soldier at an observation post in the Kyrenia range heard three rifle shots fired from a place where there is a national Guard position. One ricochet passed over the United Nations observation post. The National Guard said that they had heard the shots but denied firing them. Wo one was injured.
51. In addition, there were seven cases of accidental discharge of weapons by members of the National Guard and one by Turkish Cypriot fighters. There were also seven allegations of shooting incidents in areas of confrontation about which UNFICYP was unable to establish the facts.
52. Finally, there were a considerable number of incidents involving the use of e^cplosives and firearms which were not of an intercommunal character. S/11137 English Page 17
B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law andNorder
53. UNCIVPOL, the civilian police element of UHFICYP, has continued to contribute to the maintenance of law and order. There have been no changes in its responsibilities, which include investigations of criminal matters of an intercommunal nature, patrolling and observing in sensitive areas, joint patrols •with the Cyprus police and marshalling and escorting the Kyrenia Road convoys. The latter is now the exclusive responsibility of UMCIVPOL (see paragraph 9 above).
51*. As in the past, UBCIVPOL has also assisted other branches of UWFICYP in 'dealing with problems concerning a-griculture and public services.
55. UHCIVPOL has maintained close liaison with CYPOL and with the Turkish Cypriot police element. The trust placed in the members of UHCIVPOL by both Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots has continued to be of considerable value in facilitating the performance of their tasks.
56. During the period under review, UHCIVPOL conducted approximately 580 investigations. These inquiries have dealt mainly with shooting incidents, arrests, accidentsD assaults, the straying and theft of livestock, illegal cultivation of land, damage to crops and property, house-breaking, restrictions oh freedom of movement, as well as illegal digging for antiquities. Early in the reporting period there were a number of incidents within the Greek Cypriot community involving the use of explosives and firearms. Personal injuries were minimal, but buildings and vehicles were destroyed, and a small number of police stations were either raided or blown up. There have been very few incidents of this kind since September 1973. UHCIVPOL maintained close liaison with the authorities concerned in case these incidents had intercommunal connotations.
57. UHCIVPOL1s inquiries have included the situation arising from restrictions imposed on CYPOL1s movements by Turkish Cypriots in Ayios Andronikos (see paragraph k2) and Alekhtora (ibid.). The situation in Limassol, where the Turkish Cypriot police element continue to appear in uniform in breach of the status quo (see paragraph ^l) has also been a matter of concern for UWCIVPOL. In October a Greek Cypriot youth in Limassol suspected of house-breaking together with Turkish Cypriots was detained by members of the Turkish Cypriot police element. He was subsequently released without being charged. The Government considered that arrest illegal detention, and some days later CYPOL arrested a member of the Turkish Cypriot police element in the Government-controlled area. After two days, the Turkish Cypriot was released but was required to appear in court at a later date. The Turkish Cypriot leadership protested against that arrest.
58. The Government has continued to maintain its right to carry out police patrols in sensitive areas. UHFICYP has exercised its good offices where necessary and, with the co-operation of both sides, major confrontations have been avoided.
59- The Turkish Cypriot leadership has maintained the level of activity of the Turkish Cypriot police element. There have been several instances of members of the Turkish Cypriot police element exercising functions in areas where they have not done so before. In each case prompt action by UMCIVPOL has prevented a recurrence. S/11137 English Page 18
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS
60. During the period under review there has again been no significant progress towards a return to normal conditions. The tendency towards separate development of the economic life of the Turkish Cypriot community is still evident, and only slight progress has "been made in extending essential public services and restoring others to Turkish Cypriots. 61. Limited contacts between the two communities in economic affairs have been maintained especially in connexion with projects sponsored or assisted by the United Nations Development Programme (UtJDP). Thus co-operation between the communities continued in relation to the pre-investment study of the UETDP/FAO Morphou-Tylliria water feasibility project. A similar UHDP water development feasibility project in the Paphos district has been completed, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has recently approved a loan to implement it. Ten Turkish Cypriot students were accepted at the UWDP/UNESCO-supported Higher Technical Institute for the 1973/7^ academic year, a slight improvement over previous years. Of a total of U32 candidates who took the entrance examinations for the 83 places, 69 were Turkish Cypriots. The UNDP/FAO livestock production improvement project and the UMDP/ILO Cyprus Productivity Centre continued their activities in the Turkish Cypriot' areas at much the same level as stated in my last report. The UHDP/FAO veterinary services project was also active in Turkish Cypriot areas ;Ln relation to brucellosis matters, diagnostic activities and in the vaccination campaign against foot-and-mouth disease. Turkish Cypriot participation in the UKDP/ILO Hotel and Catering Institute, which was nil in the last reporting period, has risen to" four participants, en improvement but a disappointingly small one. The three current World Food Programme projects - school feeding, soil conservation and mixed farming - continued to operate in both communities but on a much reduced scale, primarily owing to the world-wide scarcity of feed grains during 1973. Despite increased Turkish Cypriot participation in a number of UNDP-sponsored projects, the Turkish Cypriot leadership continued to express dissatisfaction at the small benefit its community obtains from United Nations technical assistance. 62. The drought that has prevailed in the island during the last agricultural season has had further serious adverse effects on plant and animal production, the largest single sector of the Cyprus economy. Until 1 October, a total of 16 Turkish Cypriot and 23 Greek Cypriot villages were fully or partially supplied with water for domestic use by tanker. Water rationing is still in effect in various areas of the island, and restrictions on the sinking of boreholes for irrigation purposes are in force. At the time of writing, heavy rainfalls have to a large extent alleviated the problem of supply of water for domestic purposes, and the use of tankers is decreasing. However, unless the rains continue throughout the winter, there may again be a water shortage next year. The problems of providing a permanent domestic water supply for the Turkish Cypriot villages of Temblos and Kivisil (S/109^0, para. 63), as well as for Phinikas and Stavrokono, were raised with the Government by UNFICYP, and all have been promised new schemes in ; 5/11137 Sr.slish pp,f~e 19
63. Only a very slight measure of progress has been achieved in the provision of electricity to Turkish Cypriot villages. Of nine villages scheduled for electrification in 1973 (S/109^0, para. 65), work has "been completed in Lapithiou and Melounda and is in progress, with expectations of completion by the end of the year, in ISthasi, Akoursos and Maratha. No work has "been carried out in the remaining four villages and it is doubtful that any of them will bs electrified in 1973. The Government is reluctant to extend electricity services to Turkish Cypriot villages which its employees cannot enter freely and where tillf may not be paid or electrical equipment ma?/ be interfered with. In this connexion,, it F;a> be noted that, in October, the Turkish Cypriot leadership again gave assurances in the Political Liaison Qomraittee that (i) no restriction of freedom of movement would be imposed on personnel of the Electricity Authority of Cyprus entering Turkish Cypriot areas for electrification purposes, provided prior notification w.s given; (ii) the same would apply to maintenance crews and meter readers and (iii) after a Turkish Cypriot village was electrified no illegal connexions would be permitted and electricity bills would be paid without delay. 'JMFICYP has conveyed these assurances to the Government and has suggested that, on such a basis, the Government might increase the rate of electrification of Turkish Cypriot villages. On the other hand, UMFICVP felt it necessary to draw the leadership's attention to cases where villages were several months behind in their electricity payments, as veil as to instances of tampering with meters and illegal connexions.
6i*. Some tirogress ws,s made with regard to the reintegration of Turkish Cypriots into the national social insurance scheme (S/109^03 para. 66) when the Government began to implement its earlier decision to resume benefit payments to Turkish Cypriots who were receiving such payments prior to the outbreak of the troubles in December 1963, and to start payment of old-age benefits to eligible Turkish Cypriots who had met all their obligations to the social insurance fund. Ko progress has been made, however, on the more general question.
65. There have been some developments in connexion with the problem of Turkish Cypriot displaced persons. At the time of writing, 65 persons have re-sumed residence in Trapeza (S/109^0, para. 67) and 26 families, totalling 83 persons, have returned to the village of Dhiorios in Kyrenia district. Both these projects have "been carried out by Turkish Cypriots, and no 'Government financial assistance has been involved. A request for the repair of some 30 houses in Dhiorios, however, has recently been presented to the Government. In the village of Potamia, which has already been resettled to a large extent, the Government refused, to allow the return of several Turkish Cypriots who were considered "troublemakers". Lists of persons ready to return to Potamia and Dhiorios are currently being considered by the Government. Turkish Cypriot leadership considers that such a practice cannot be legally justified. The Government however feels that a measure of this kind is essential to ensure harmony in the resettled villages.
66. No progress has been made towards the normalization of postal services. UWFTCYP's efforts to bring about a meeting between the Postmaster-General and a representative of the Turkish Cynriot community to discuss in detail the recent Turkish Cypriot requests (S/109^0, para. 6U) failed to materialize. A new attempt to resolve this long outstanding problem is being made by UTIFTCYP. S/11137 ' English Page 20
67. Since my last report, no progress has been made in the matter of issuance of "birth certificates to Turkish Cypriots torn since 196^ (S/109^0, para. 68). Recently however a new approach to the problem has been discussed, and it is possible that some advance may be made towards resolving this problem.
68. The question of deductions which the Grain Commission makes from subsidies due to Turkish Cypriot producers to meet debts owed to the Loan Commission by the Turkish Cypriot community is presently under negotiation. The Turkish Cypriot leadership, which has strongly protested this practice,, has offered an alternative method of paying these debts in return for immediate payment of subsidies owed to the community. The Government is still examining these proposals.
69. UNFICYP's repeated efforts to secure better accommodation for Turkish Cypriot schoolchildren in Larnaca/Scala have not yet produced the expected results (S/109^0, para. 71)-
70. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has raised other matters with UWFICYP which are currently under discussion. These include allegations of discriminatory practices against EVKAF, the Moslem religious foundation, and complaints about the destruction of mosques and restrictions on the use of others. The Government has also -complained about restrictions on the use of Christian churches as well as about damage to them.
71- • Restrictions by Turkish Cypriots on the freedom of movement of Government officials continue to be one of the major obstacles to normalization. This problem is invariably raised by the Government when IMFICYP makes representations on behalf of the Turkish Cypriot community on such matters as the supply of water and electricity and the payment of social insurance benefits and grain subsidies. It is doubtful if any significant progress can be made until these restrictions are relaxed. A/11137 English Page 21
IV. IMTERCOilMUHAL TALKS MD GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GEBERAL
72. During the six-month period covered by the present report, the intercommunal talks, reactivated on the basis of the Secretary-General's aide memoire of .18 October 1971 (S/10U01, para. 79), have continued. As before, the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot communities were represented by Mr. Glafcos derides and Mr. Rauf Denktash respectively; the two constitutional experts made available by the Governments of Turkey and Greece, Professor Aldikacti and Justice Dekleris, continued attending the talks in an advisory capacity, and my Special Representative, Mr. Osorio-Tafall, participated in the exercise of the Secretary-General's good offices. As customary, ttfe plenary meetings took place alternately at the offices of the President of the House of Representatives and of the Chairman of the Turkish Communal Chamber.
73. A total of 1^ plenary meetings were held during the period under review and two more are scheduled for h and 7 December. In addition, the two constitutional experts met several times' during the period.
7^- The expected agreement in principle on the structure and functions of local government bodies which was intimated in my last report (S/109^0, para. 71) has so far failed to materialize. The outstanding differences concern not the general principle of local autonomy, which has been agreed upon, but the scope of that autonomy as well as the degree of supervision to be exercised by the State agencies over the activibies,,of local government bodies in order to ensure that they act in accordance with the Constitution and the standard laws of the country.
75- The clarifications given by the two interlocutors' about their respective positions on substantive issues as well as the valuable assistance rendered by the two constitutional experts, in addition to the various suggestions advanced by Mr. Osorio-Tafall, have helped to Identify and delimit the main areas of agreement and disagreement.
76. My Special Representative has reported that the intercommunal talks have proceeded cautiously and slowly towards the common goal of reaching a satisfactory accord on the outstanding constitutional problems and that even though a large measure of concurrence has already been reached on many of the basic issues, differences persist on other issues, and a great amount of detailed work still needs to be done.
77- Accordingly, the success of the intercommunal talks cannot as yet be taken for granted, although at the present juncture, the Special Representative feels that there are no insurmountable obstacles'which would prevent a constitutional accommodation from being reached 'between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots. One of the main difficulties would still appear to be the mututal suspicion and mistrust of the two communities.
78. On a number of occasions, Mr. Denktash has repeated that he favours an agreement which would safeguard the life and property of the Turkish Cypriot community within the framework of a bi-communal State that would, without S/11137 English Page 22 discrimination, provide the means for the social and economic development of the community and guarantee the permanent independence of Cyprus. His community insists on "regional autonomy"'in exchange for its renunciation of certain Turkish rights emlcdied in the 1960 Constitution. -At the same time, it is ready to recognize that at the State level, the Greek Cypriot majority will have the preponderant role. In short, the Turkish.Cypriot leadership declares that its community's sole objective is to ensure the Turkish Cypriots' existence in the future as a community enjoying a status under the Constitution which guarantees its existence within an independent and sovereign Cyprus.
79« Mr. Clerides has reiterated his agreement to constitutional arrangements that will (a) ensure security of life and property, not only for the Turkish Cypriots but for all the people of Cyprus, because these are fundamental human rights; (b) secure, without discrimination, a fair participation of the Turkish Cypriot community in the s.fr'airs of the State; (c) assist in that community's economic development; and (dj establish a political structure that would give to the Turkish Cypriots, in addition to the autonomy in communal affairs embodied in the .1960 Constitution, a measure of local self-government. On the other hand, he strongly opposes a virtually total autonomy for the Turkish Cypriot community that would include functions which in his view are within the exclusive competence of .the State. He also insists that the State must necessarily exercise some supervision and control over the local government bodies.
80. In my last report, I referred- to my predecessor's and iny previously expressed view that "the reactivated inter cc"jrur:al talks are the best instrument for achieving a satisfactory., lasting and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate participation of the two communities", and I added: "Obviously, the Interpretation of these terms as well as the nature of the agreed final settlement should now emerge from the intercommunal talks themselves? where a spirit of statesmanship and mutual accommodation on both sides alone can achieve an agreed outcome" (S/109^0, para. 82).
81. lii that connexion, I recalled that although this concept had seemed generally acceptable at the time, certain reservations had since been voiced by the Turkish Cypriot side concerning the use of the term "unitary" on the grounds that the parties attached different interpretations to it and that it could therefore lend Itself to misunderstanding and even prejudge the nature of an ultimate agreed settlement. These reservations have since been re-emphasized both'by the Turkish Cypriot representatives and by the Government of Turkey. The Greek Cypriot side has continued to regard the idea of a "unitary" State of Cyprus as essential for the success of the intercommunal talks.
V. MEDIATION EFFORT
82. The situation regarding a resumption of the mediation function under paragraph J of Security Council resolution 186 (196^) has remained unchanged since the last report, owing primarily to the widely differing and firmly held views of the matter of the three Governments most directly concerned. S/11137 English Page 23
VI. FINANCIAL ASPECTS
83. Voluntary contributions in the amount of approximately $137-9 million have been paid to UNFICYP Special Account by 52 Member States and three non-member Governments in respect of the periods from the inception of the Force on 27 March 1964 to 15 December 1973. In addition, voluntary contributions from public sources 3 interest earned on investment of temporarily undisbursed funds and other miscellaneous income received by the Account have totalled about •132.0 million. Accordingly, some $139-9 million have been made available to the 1MFICYP Snecial Account toward meeting the costs of UBFICYP to the United Nations for the periods through 15 December 1973.
8k, The costs to be borne by the United nations for the operation of UNFICYP for the periods from the inception of the Force to 15 December 1973 are estimated at $165.6 million. This figure includes the direct cost to the United Nations of maintaining the Force in Cyprus 2 as well as the amounts to be paid to Governments providing contingents in respect of their extra and extraordinary costs for which they seek to be reimbursed by the United.Nations, but it does not include the amount that would be required for the final repatriation of contingents and liquidation of the Force.
85. The amount of $139-9 million so far received by the UNFICYP Special Account falls short of the requirement of $l65-6 million indicated above by approximately $25.7 million. However, in -addition to the voluntary contributions that have already been paid to the Account, some $2.6 million are now expected to be received in due course against pledges made by Governments but not yet paid by them..
86. If to the amount of $139-9 million so far received the amount of $2.6 million of anticipated receipts is added, the UHFICYP Special Account can be expected to have available to it approximately $1^2.5 million. The difference between this figure and the costs to be met of approximately $165.6 million becomes $23-1 million. Accordingly, unless additional contributions from existing or new pledges are received before 15 December 1973, the UNFICYP Special Account deficit as of that date will be $23-1 million.
87- If the Security Council should decide to extend for six months beyond 15 December 1973 the period during which the Force is to be stationed in Cyprus, it is estimated that the additional cost to the Organization, assuming continuance of present reimbursement commitments., would amount to approximately $6.5 million., as detailed below. These estimates are based on the strength of the Force upon completion of the first phase of the reduction plan, and on the further assumption that implementation of the second phase of reductions will have commenced in conjunction with the regular rotations of contingents scheduled for the spring of 197^ (see paragraph 22 and table). The estimated $O.U million that would be required for the final repatriation of contingents, and liquidation costs has been excluded from the figures below for the sake of convenience. s/11137 English Page 2k
UNFICYP COST ESTIMATE BY MAJOR CATEGORY OF EXPENSE
(i.n thousands of US dollars)
I. Operation costs incurred by the United Nations
Movement of contingents 99 Operational expenses 555 Rental of premises 68 Rations 385 Non-military personnel, salaries, travel, etc. 720 Miscellaneous and contingencies 201
Total, part I 2,028
II. Reimbursement of extra costs of Governments providing contingents
Pay and allowances 4,100 Contingent-owned equipment 325 Death and disability awards 50
Total, part II
GRAND TOTAL, parts I and II 6,503
88. The above costs do not reflect the full cost of UNFICYP to Member and non-member States, inasmuch as they exclude the extra costs that Members providing contingents or police units to the Force have agreed to absorb at their own expense rather than seek as reimbursement from the United Nations. Indicative figures of the amounts involved were given in my report to the Security Council of 31 May 1973 (S/109^0), as follows: Australia $200,000, Austria $160,000, Canada $863,600 I/, Denmark $230,000, Sweden $325,000 and United Kingdom $1,110,000. Finland is also absorbing certain UNFICYP costs at its own expense.
89. In order to finance the costs to the Organization of maintaining the Force for a period of six months after 15 December 1973 and to meet all costs and outstanding claims up to that date, it will be necessary for the Secretary-General to receive voluntary contributions to the UNFICYP Special Account totalling $29.6 million.
I/ Exclusive of the normal cost of pay and allowances. S/11137 English Page 25
VII. OBSERVATIONS
90. Since the reactivation of the intercommunal talks in June 1972, I and my Special Representative have spared no effort to promote progress tovard agreement on the main issues that continue to stand in the way of an agreed settlement of the Cyprus question. I continue to hold the view, which I believe to be shared by all the parties concerned with the Cyprus question, that the talks are the best and most constructive way to carry out the search for such a settlement.
91. Recently, on the occasion of a visit to the Middle East, I briefly visited Nicosia on 29 August 1973 to discuss with President Makarios and with Vice-President Denktash the planned reduction of UNFICYP and the present stage and prospects of the intercommunal talks.
92. Although the talks have continued since that time in a constructive atmosphere, only limited progress has been made on the outstanding basic issues.
93. It should be borne in mind that the present lack of progress in the talks has coincided with certain external political developments which have tended, temporarily at least, to make it difficult for those concerned to agree to the necessary mutual adjustments in their positions. On the basis of a careful study of these positions as expressed by the interlocutors, I continue to be of the opinion that, with mutual goodwill and understanding and with concessions on both sides, an agreed accommodation" can in fact be arrived at within the framework of the intercommunal talks that would protect the vital interests of all parties.
9^. Despite our persistent efforts, the problem of military confrontation remains as described in my previous report (S/109^0, para. 93). Progress in the direction of deconfrontation could do much to reduce tension in the Island and facilitate a reduction of the United Nations commitment there.
95. On the other hand, I have been encouraged by the helpful response of the two communities to the situation which arose in Cyprus when it became necessary for me to instruct the Force Commander to dispatch to the Middle East the bulk of four of the seven military contingents serving with UNFICYP (see paragraph U above). My Special Representative and the Force Commander met with President Makarios and with Vice-President Denktash to enlist their personal assistance to ensure that this temporary emergency reduction in the strength of UHFICYP would not have adverse consequences on the situation in the Island. Similar approaches were made to the Permanent Representatives of the Governments concerned at United Nations Headquarters. All concerned were requested to ensure that close co-operation with UNFICYP was maintained in order to"prevent any military clashes or other violent incidents between the two communities during the period that UHFICYP would be seriously under-strength; that no attempts should be made to change unilaterally the military status quo; that both sides should abide by the agreements and understandings that had been reached through the good offices of UWFICYP, and in particular that they should undertake to consult with UNFICYP before taking any initiative which would tend to alter the present situation. The response to these S/11137 English Page 26 requests was positive on all sides, and. practically no incidents occurred during the three weeks which elapsed until UHFICYP was restored almost to its former strength.
96. I wish to refer in this connexion to the substantial reduction in the strength of the Force which was decided on "before the outbreak of the Middle East crisis as a result of the improvement in the military situation in Cyprus, and which was carried out during the current mandate. As noted in chapter I above, this represents the implementation of the first phase of the reduction proposals. A second phase, envisaging a further reduction of Uo6 all ranks, is planned for the coining months., provided the mandate is extended, making a total reduction of 822, or 26 per cent of the strength of the Force as it stood in May 1973 (3/109*10, para. 2). It is necessary to emphasize that this second phase is dependent on certain assumptions, the key one being an undertaking by the two parties directly concerned in Cyprus5 preferably supported by the Governments of Greece and. Turkey, to extend the fullest co-operation to UHFICYP in its role of preventing a recurrence of fighting, thus in a sense sharing this peace-keeping responsibility with the Force, as they did. during the recent temporary reduction of the Force during the Middle East crisis. Apart from assisting in a further reduction of the Force, such an undertaking would be of great importance in consolidating stability and security in the Island, thus safeguarding the vital interests of both . communities. I hope that both sides' in the Island, and the Governments concerned, will give their support to the United Nations in this connexion.
97. The implementation of the first phase of the plan for the reduction of UCJFICYP, which is reflected in the reduced estimates of expenditure for the next six-month period (see paragraph-87 above), and especially the prospective implementation of the second phase, may be expected to improve the financial situation of the operation, provided voluntary contributions from Governments continue at approximately the present rate. On completion of the second phase of reductions, the costs of the Force thereafter would be of the order of $6,0 million for each six-month period, based on present cost levels, a saving of approximately $1.52 million per six-month period as compared to expenditure levels before the beginning of the first phase of reductions (S/109Uo} para. 89).
98. In the prevailing circumstances I consider it essential that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be maintained for a further limited period. I therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the mandate of UHFICYP for another period of six months until 15 June 197^-. The Government of Cyprus as well as the Governments of Greece and Turkey have informed me of their concurrence with this recommendation.
99. Once again, in concluding this report on the United Nations operation in Cyprus, I wish to place on record my gratitude to the Governments providing contingents to UHFICYP and to those whp have made voluntary contributions 'for its maintenance for their continued support of this operation. I wish also to pay tribute to my Special Representative and to the Force Commander and to all the officers and men of UHFICYP, as well as to its civilian staff. They have continued to carry out with exemplary efficiency and devotion the important task assigned to them by the Security Council. 33-00' 33-301 34'30'
MEDITERRANEAN
DISTRICT HQ BnHQYKSP'Finland) rlCiCovYMMFinla One Coy YKSP (Finland) Oas Sect UNCIVPOL Smdta DISTRICT HQ HQPI2 ftCfl (Canada) Risarn PI 2 RCR (Canada) Om Sat UHCIVPOL /Austria) Two Coys Z RCn (Cmadal \ OneTp5INNISDGIUK) S. Ln fJQ UNCIVPdL (Denmark} Three Sects UUCIVPOL (Ocnrnani Ha UUCIVPOL lAastriil DISTRICT HQ nreeSects UNCIVPOL lAu HQ Coy DANCON XX [Oanmarkl Onu PI (-) OANCON XX (Dinmirk)
OneSoct DANCON XX (Denmark) Coy HO DANCON XX (Dnnmarkl Two Pi! DANCON XX (Denmark) MORPHOU BAY
OmSeaUHCIVPOL (Denmark) Om PI DANCON XX (Danmark) HO PIOneSecl5k(Sweden) FAMACUSTA BA ~ OncGe«5lc(Swedcn) —Out Sltt UUCIVPOL ISriiienI DISTRICT HQ HQ Bn (Sweden) - -UtICIVPOL DISTRICT HO One Coy 61c (Sweden) Two Seers UHCIVPOL ISmrJenl
CapePyta cct2 RCR (Canada) bARNACA BAY L I M A S S 0 L One Sect UHC1VPDL. ISmidenl StAVtoVoDO R I C T Cape KIU CYPRUS Ktima (DadBS) DISTRICT HQ Koloni L I DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP Bn AUSCON 4 (Austria) HG Hudiu Ona PI AUSCON 4 (Austria) 30 NOVEMBER 1973 OrnSKt UUCIVPOL {Australia! \ One PI (*] AUSCON 4 (Austria) UNFICYP operational boundarni
OniSeclSINNISDGlUK] —-..._. . District boundary TtRI BAY Half sect UNCIVPOL Wenmsrkl DISTRICT HQ Road OneTpSINNISDGIUKI Two Pi! (-1 AUSCON 4 (AUSTRIA) OneSectblNMSDB(UK) Aiifnld, aintrip Cape Gata 'UUCIVPOL ZOHE m Sovereign Bag* Area OneSBC!5irjMISDG(UK REGT HQ 5 INNIS DG (UK) Tm Sects UNCIVPOL lAustrallal ASqnmiimiSDGMK, SqnHQTp5IHHISDG(UK) Contour line (in Feet) LogSqn5INNISDG|UK) OnaTpSINNISDGIUKI OntTn4/70G(UK) MAPN0.1B28REV.33 The bounlarlu ihpwn on thlt nap do not Imply official NOVEMBER 1973 endontmtntoracceplaiKtby tlie United Nation. UNITED NAT/ONS Distr. SECURITY W^&lN^M S/109WCorr.l COUNCIL TJj&jjj? U June 1973 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS
(for the period. 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973)
Corrigendum
Page 13, paragraph 38
The last sentence should read UNFICYP pressed for the demolition of the new- wall, and the local leadership responded favourably.
73-11537 ITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL
COUNCIL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS
(for the period 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973)
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 3
I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS U A. Composition and deployment 1| B. Function and guiding principles ..... 7 C. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot leadership 8 D. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force 10
II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER ... 11 A. Military situation 11 1. Armed.forc.es in Cyprus other than UNFICYP 11 (a) Government armed forces 11 (b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements 11 (c) Greek and Turkish national contigents 11 2. General assessment of the. situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting 12 3. Observance of the cease-fire 15 B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order .... 15
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS ..... 17
IV. INTERCOMMUNAL TALKS AND GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL .... 21
73-112U3 /.. . S/109^0 English Page 2
Page / V. MEDIATION EFFORT ...... 2h
VI. FINANCIAL ASPECTS ..... 25
VII. OBSERVATIONS '. 27
MAP DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP AS AT 31 MY 1973 S/109^0 English Page 3
INTRODUCTION
1. The present report on the United Nations Operations in Cyprus covers developments from 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973 and "brings up to date the record of the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (iMFICYP) pursuant to the mandate laid down in Security Council resolution 186 (196*0 of k March 196U and subsequent resolutions of the Council relating to Cyprus. S/109^0 English Page h
I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS
A. Composition and, deployment
2. At the end of the period covered by my last report., the strength of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (IMFICYP) was 2,98l military personnel and 172 civilian police. On 26 May 1973, the composition of the Force was as follows:
Military Total
Austria HQ IMFICYP 10 Field hospital 5^ Battalion 275 339
Canada. HQ UNFICYP and military police 38 Battalion 580
Denmark HQ UNFICYP and military police 16 Battalion 279 295
Finland HQ UNFICYP and military police 11 Battalion 276 287
Ireland HQ UNFICYP and military police 11 Infantry group 131
Sweden HQ UNFICYP and military police 10 Battalion 276 286
United Kingdom HQ UNFICYP and military police 129 Battalion •585 Reconnaissance squadron 121 UNFICYP logistic support units 175 Helicopter support 30 Contingent HQ U
Total military personnel 2,973 S/109^0 English Page 5
Civilian police
Australia 37
Austria .5^
Denmark ho
Sweden ho
Total civilian police 171
TOTAL UNFICYP
3. The following changes took place during the period covered by the present report :
(a) Austria: The 3rd Austrian Battalion replaced the 2nd Austrian Battalion. The Austrian field hospital carried out a partial rotation.
(b) Canada: The 3rd Battalion 3 Royal 22nd Regiment replaced the 2nd Battalion5 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. (c) Denmark : The 19th Battalion replaced the l8th Battalion.
(d) Finland: A partial rotation took place. The incoming troops form,, together with the previous personnel, the 19th Battalion.
(e) Ireland: The 2Uth Infantry Group replaced the 23rd Infantry Group.
(f ) Sweden: The 50th Battalion replaced the ^9th Battalion.
(g) United Kingdom: The 1st Battalion, The Parachute Regiment3 replaced the 3rd Battalion,, The Queen's Regiment. B Squadron, The Blues and Royals, replaced D Squadron D The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. 38 Squadron, The Royal Corps of Transport, replaced 36 Squadron, The Royal Corps of Transport. k. The number of permanently manned military observation posts has been reduced to 55 (see paragraph 36 below).
5- The Louroujina area, which had been placed under the control of Limassol zone (see S/108^23 paragraph 5) following a reduction in strength of the Irish Contingent, has now been placed under the control of Nicosia district.
6. The Force is now deployed as follows (see attached map):
HQ UNFICYP, including HQ U1FICYP civilian police (IMCIVPQL) - Eicosia
Combined HQ staff '.
Force reserve (British reconnaissance squadron less one troop) 3/109^0 English Page 6
Force logistic and support units (British contingent)
Austrian field hospital
Nicosia district
Canadian contingent
Austrian civilian police
Famagusta district
Swedish contingent
Swedish civilian police
Larnaca sector
Irish contingent
Swedish civilian police
Limassol zone
British infantry battalion
One troop British reconnaissance squadron
Australian civilian police
Danish civilian police
Paphos district
Austrian contingent
Australian civilian police
Lefka district
Danish contingent
Danish civilian police
Kyrenia district
Finnish contingent
Austrian civilian police S/109^0 English Page 7
7. The number of UNCIVPOL stations and substations has remained unchanged during the period covered by this report.
8. The Force remains under the command of Major-General D. Prem Chand. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus continues to be Mr. B. F. Osorio-Tafall.
Casualties
9. During the period under review, UNFICYP suffered no casualties attributable to intercommunal incidents. Two cases of death from natural causes occurred: one Finnish' officer died as a result of pneumonia and acute cardiac failure, and one British soldier died of a heart attack. Five cases of accidental death occurred: one Canadian soldier died from suffocation, one British soldier was killed by the accidental discharge of a rifle and two Swedish soldiers and one member of the United Nations Secretariat were killed in a civilian aeroplane crash.
Discipline
10. The over-all discipline and bearing of the officers and men of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force has continued- to be of a high order and reflects credit on the contingent commanders, their staffs and the armed forces of the contributing nations.
B. Function and guiding principles
11. The function of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus was defined by the Security Council in its resolution 186 (196U) of k March 196*1 in the following terms:
"... in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions".
12. That resolution was reaffirmed by the Council in its subsequent resolutions of 13 March, 20 June, 9 August, 25 September and 18 December 196U; 19 March, 15 June, 10 August and IT December 1965; 16 March, 16 June and 15 December 1966; 19 June and 22 December 1967; 18 March, 18 June and 10 December 1968; 10 June and 11 December 1969; 9 June and 10 December 1970; 26 May and 13 December 1971; 15 June and 12 December 1972.
13. The guiding principles governing the operation of the Force, as summarized in the Secretary-General's report of 10 September 196U (S/5950, paragraph 7), remain in effect. The duties of UNCIVPOL are as outlined in the report of 2 May 196U (S/56793 paragraph U). 3/109^0 English Page 8
C. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot leadership
1. General
1^. UNFICYP has maintained, as in the past, close liaison and good working relations with the Government of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot leadership. The Political Liaison Committee continues to meet as a rule every two weeks. The IJilFICYP Deputy Chief of Staff, who acts as Chairman,, the Senior Political A.dviser and his staff, the Police Adviser^ and the Force Economics Officer meet separately with Liaison Officers representing the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership with a view to sorting out specific current intercommunal problems through liaison and discussion. Between 2 December 1972 and 31 May 19733 the Committee held 12 meetings with the Government Political Liaison Officer and 13 with the Turkish Cypriot Liaison Officer. Wo joint meetings similar to those reported previously (S/108ij2, paragraph 15) were held during the period under review.
2. Elections for President and Vice-President
15. It will be recalled that Archbishop Makarios was re-elected President of the Republic for a five-year term in February 1968 and that, at the same time , Dr. F. Kuchuk was re-elected as Vice-President of the Republic for a similar term paragraphs 85-100).
16. On 29 December 1972, Archbishop Makarios announced that the Council of Ministers had decided to hold presidential elections on 18 February 1973. The Archbishop also indicated that he would be a candidate.
17. When the time-limit for nomination of candidates expired on 8 February 1973 3 the returning officer announced., in accordance with the Electoral Law of 1959 5 that since no nomination other than that of the Archbishop had been received, the Archbishop was elected as President of the Republic of Cyprus. Archbishop Makarios was invested as President at. a ceremony held in the House of Representatives on 28 February 1973 at which he made the following affirmation:
"I do solemnly affirm faith to and respect for the Laws of the Republic of Cyprus in force, for the time being and that I will exercise the functions of the Office of the President of the Republic in accordance with them.'' \ 18. The President's decision to stand for re-election came at a tine of severe controversy within the Greek Cypriot community, concerning mainly the question of enosis and a related dispute between the Archbishop and the three senior bishops of the Cyprus Church.
19. The announcement on 29 December 1972 by Archbishop Makarios that elections for the Presidency would be held was followed almost immediately by a statement in the Turkish press that, in accordance with the I960 Constitution 5 the holding of elections for the Vice-Presidency was imperative. English' Page 9
20. In his New Year's message to the Turkish Cypriot community, the Vice-President, Dr. Kuchuk, disclosed that 'he would not be a candidate for the forthcoming vice-presidential elections. 18 February 1973 was fixed as the polling day for the
election of thd Vice-President 'by the Turkish Cypriot community. Mr. Rauf Denktash1 :3 President of the Turkish Communal Chamber, who had previously announced his candidacy, was joined as a candidate on 8 January by Mr. .A . M. Berberoglu, leader of the Republican Turkish Party of Cyprus. On 16•February 1973, Mr. Berberoglu withdrew from the vice-presidential contest.
21. In a letter dated 18 February 1973, Dr. Kuchuk informed the Secretary-General that, in acc'ordance with the Elections (President and the Vice-President) Law of 19593 Mr. Denktash, the only remaining nominated candidate, had been proclaimed the elected Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus. He added that Mr. Denktash would formally assume the duties of the Vice-President of the Republic on 28 February 1973, when his own term of office was due to expire (S/1089^)»
22. The new Vice-President was invested at a special ceremony held on 28 February 1973, at which he made the following affirmation:
"I do solemnly affirm faith to, and respect for, the Constitution and the laws made thereunder, the preservation of the independence and the territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus.
I do also affirm that I shall endeavour with all my power to protect the existence and the rights of the Turkish Community and that I shall respect, and remain loyal to, the Basic Provisions prepared for this purpose."
23. By a letter dated 17 March 1973 addressed to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, the new Vice-President of the Republic, Mr. R. Denktash, placed on record that "having been duly proclaimed Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus on 16 February 1973", he had ''formally assumed the duties of the Office of the Vice-President with effect from 1800 hours on 28 February 1973".
1 2U« The use of the term ''Turkish Cypriot Administration' 3 to which reference has been made in previous reports, continues to be common practice among Turkish Cypriots. In this connexion, reference should be made to the comments made by the Secretary-General in his special report to the Security Council of 3 January 1968 (S/8323). It should also be noted that UNFICYP deals with the Vice-President of the Republic both in his capacity as Vice-President and as leader of the Turkish Cypriot community. English Page 10
D. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force 25- During the period covered by this report, three cases have occurred where UNFICYP has been denied freedom of movement. One of these may be attributed to the National Guard and two to the Turkish Cypriot fighters. That involving the National Guard was settled to the satisfaction of UNFICYP after discussion. Of the two cases involving the Turkish Cypriot fighters, one was also settled satisfactorily; the second is that referred to in the last report (S/108U23 paragraph 17) as being still unsettled to UNFICYP's satisfaction. Although some progress has been made, UNFICYP has not yet been accorded complete freedom of movement in the area. 8/109^0 English Page 11
II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER
A. Military situation
1. Armed forces in Cyprus other than UNFICYP
(a) Government armed forces
26. No significant change in the strength of the National Guard was observed during the period under review. Its organization and deployment have remained basically unaltered. The first half of the 1955 age group was called up in January, and the first half of the 1953'age group has since been released. The usual summer training camps are being established on the island. 27. Training has continued at a high level, and the general efficiency of the National Guard has continued to improve. UNFICYP has been provided with a monthly schedule of all field firing exercises, and adequate warning has been given when large-scale troop movement has occurred. 28. On 30 March 1973, following a series of incidents within the Greek Cypriot community involving explosions and attacks on police stations, the President Archbishop Makarios, announced that the Government had decided to strengthen the security forces and that to this end an "auxiliary police force'.' was being established, the main task of which would be "to follow and combat unlawful activities and terrorism wherever coming from, in co-operation with the regular police force". The Turkish Cypriot leadership protested this decision to expand the police force as a change in the status quo which would adversely affect the Turkish Cypriot community,
29. On the basis of its discussions with the Government, UNFICYP has sought to assure the leadership that its fears in this connexion were not justified. According to the President's announcement, the ultimate strength of the new police unit, which will be integrated within the existing force, will depend "on developments and prevailing conditions". So far, only a relatively small number of men have been recruited.
(b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements 30. The administrative changes mentioned in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 20) have not been completed. Training activity and the general efficiency of the Turkish Cypriot fighters have remained at a high level.
(c) Greek and Turkish national contingents
31. No changes have occured in the strengths and location of the Greek and Turkish national contingents. S/109^0 English Page 12
32. A partial rotation of the Greek national contingent took place on 15 January 1973.
33. The Turkish national contingent rotated half of its personnel on 27 February 1973. Both the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Turkey requested UNFICYP's good offices to assist with the rotation. UNFICYP assisted in the negotiations and provided the customary UNFICYP transport, escorts and observers. With the co-operation of both parties, the rotation was completed without major incident.
2. General assessment of the situation with regardjbo preventing a recurrence of fighting
3^. The intercommunal military situation has remained quiet during the period under review, and there have been few incidents between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots.
35- Most of the incidents reported during February, March and April were not intercommunal in nature but were the result of activities of anti-Government Greek Cypriot groups. These activities provoked a number of retaliatory actions by other Greek Cypriots. They also gave cause for concern to the Turkish Cypriot community and were followed closely by UNFICYP with a view to forestalling any intercommunal consequences of them.
36. UNFICYP has continued its endeavours to achieve a measure of military deconfrontation and, as a contributory step, dismantled and withdrew five unmanned United Rations observation posts and discontinued manning another observation post in Nicosia. Neither community reacted adversely to these changes, but neither side has itself taken any positive steps towards even a partial deconfrontation.
37. In the absence of substantial progress towards normalization and military deconfrontation, UNFICYP has continued to watch the military situation closely in order to check activities by either side which might alter the military status quo to its advantage and thereby increase tension or give rise to incidents.
38. An agreement has been reached with the Turkish Cypriot leadership, which, when implemented, should resolve the problem concerning Selemani (S/1066^, paragraph 28). Considerable progress has been made in resolving the problem referred to in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 27) of CYPOL access to the village of Ayios Andronikos and CYPOL patrols have passed through it, although, in the view of UNFICYP, the status quo has not- yet been fully restored. Limassol has been an area of particular concern, and breaches of the status quo by Turkish Cypriots have increased. Turkish Cypriot fighters continue to appear in uniform, sometimes carrying weapons, and marching is now regularly conducted in connexion with weekly flag ceremonies and on other occasions in breach of previous agreements. Further, contrary to previous practice, members of the Turkish Cypriot police element in Limassol appeared in uniform for the first time in January 1973, and despite repeated UNFICYP advice, have continued to do so. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY mH c o u N r i L Wg&p*fflwSw M ' kS/109WCorr. june i973 l ^^ ^^ ^* I ^ ^^ • L. ^^^"^^^^ ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GElffiRAL OH THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS
(for the period 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973)
Corrigendum
Page 13, paragraph 38
The last sentence should read UMFICYP pressed for the demolition of the new wall, and the local leadership responded favourably.
73-11537 English Page 13
The Government has represented to UNFICYP its concern at these developments, which constitute clear violations of the status quo. A potentially serious incident on IT May 1973 , involving a confrontation between CYPOL and members of the Turkish Cypriot Police element wearing uniform., was resolved peacefully, thanks to direct UNFICYP intervention. Also, in May, Turkish Cypriot fighters in Limassol accepted UWFICYP advice to demolish a brick wall recently constructed in Lycurgus Street in breach of the military status quo. It will be recalled that a similar wall was built in the same .place and subsequently removed in May 1970 after UNFICYP intervention (see S/10005, paragraph 56). UNFICYP is pressing for the new wall to be demolished, but the local leadership has. not yet responded.
39. New difficulties arose in Alekhtora on 2 December 1972, when Turkish Cypriot fighters prevented a CYPOL patrol from entering the village. A similar problem had arisen in June 1971, and UNFICYP urged a return to the arrangements agreed to at that time. On 2V May, a CYPOL patrol went through the village and, though this is encouraging, it is not yet certain that the status quo has been fully restored.
Vo. During the period of the report there have been allegations of the illegal or clandestine importation of arms by both sides. The Government reported to UWFICYP that, arms for the Turkish Cypriots had been illegally imported from a ship that anchored off Kokkina and from an unidentified helicopter that was alleged to have landed in daylight within the Turkish Cypriot enclave north of Nicosia. Careful investigations by UBFICYP personnel, who were in a position to maintain constant observation on the ship, .led to the firm conclusion that no arms had been landed from it. Investigations by UHFICYP of the reported helicopter landing were inconclusive. On the other hand, the leadership on several occasions drew the attention of UNFICYP to renewed press' reports of clandestine importations of arms by .illegal groups on the Greek Cypriot side to which they had previously drawn attention (S/108H2, paragraph 28) UNFICYP once more was not able with the means at its disposal to substantiate these reports, although they cannot be altogether discounted.
Ul. Following negotiations with the Turkish Cypriot leadership, an agreement was reached to ensure UNFICYP surveillance over the rocket launchers of the M72 (LAW) type and anti-tank launchers of the RPG-7 type referred to in the last report (S/108^2, paragraph 29). These weapons were placed under a double lock and key system, with one of the keys to be retained by UNFICYP, and subject to unrestricted inspection by the Force Commander or other senior UNFICYP officers. The arrangements were brought into effect on 22 May 1973 and were accepted as satisfactory by the Force Commander who, together with the Chief of Staff, personally inspected the storage place and the weapons. The satisfactory outcome of'these negotiations is welcomed by UNFICYP since, although the number of weapons involved is much smaller than the quantities imported by the Government in 1966 and 1972, an important principle was at stake,
V2. Four of the five one-ton used Humber armoured trucks referred to in the last report (S/108V2, paragraph 30) were refurbished by the importer and put in S/109^0 English Page Ih - . serviceable condition (the fifth truck, which was badly damaged by fire, has not yet been refurbished). The Government expressed itself as being concerned that those vehicles might be seized by illegal armed groups if left in the private premises of the importer in Limassol and decided at short notice to move them to safe custody in the CYPOL compound at Athalassa, Nicosia. The move of the four refurbished vehicles took place without incident and under UNFICYP surveillance (the fifth truck was subsequently also transported to Athalassa). As a result of this development, UNFICYP expressed its concern to the Government regarding the arrangements for ensuring that these vehicles remained immobilized (S/108U2, paragraph 30) and advised that the vehicles should be subject to inspection by UHFICYP and that the control box of each vehicle should be removed and stored separately under joint Government/UNFICYP double lock and key system. These arrangements have been instituted to the satisfaction of UNFICYP, thus refuting allegations made in some sections of the local press that the vehicles have been taken into use by CYPOL. However, the Government has not yet ensured that the importer will re-export,the trucks within a reasonable period or, failing that, dismantle them under Government supervision (S/108U2, paragraph 30).
U3. From time to time during the period under review allegations have been made by some local newspapers that the weapons imported by the Cyprus Government in 1966 and in 1972 and which are subject to UNFICYP inspection or surveillance (as indicated in S/76ll/Add.l; 3/1056*1, Add.1'and 2; and S/1066U, paragraphs 29-30) have been clandestinely distributed to certain Greek Cypriot groups. It can be stated categorically, that these allegations are untrue and baseless. The inspection and surveillance arrangements have continued to be applied to the complete satisfaction of the Force Commander. kkm The Turkish Cypriot leadership has expressed concern to UNFICYP at the import into Cyprus, allegedly for the Cyprus Navy, of a "motor torpedo boat". UNFICYP investigations disclosed that the vessel in question was a second-hand unarmed fast patrol boat, which, if refurbished to a serviceable standard, was destined to be acquired, by the Government for use by CYPOL for coast patrol duties to replace another vessel lost earlier. The Government has undertaken to inform UNFICYP if and when this boat is actually acquired for Government use.
^5. The situation along the Artemis Road in Larnaca continues to be a matter of concern. There are now weekly occurrences of flag-raising and sporadic cases of shouting of abuse by sentries from both sides. The tension resulting from these incidents could be avoided if, as repeatedly urged by UNFICYP in the past, the close confrontation along this road were stopped or relaxed.
U6. A potentially serious situation of an intercommunal nature developed in Paphos district as a result of the detention on 27 February 1973 by Turkish Cypriot fighters of two members of CYPOL who had entered the village of Ayios Nicolaos. Although the two CYPOL members were subsequently released, the fighters retained their weapons. On 1 April 1973, CYPOL arrested on a warrant one of the fighters alleged to have been involved in that incident, and tension in the area increased. Subsequent negotiations conducted by UWFICYP, to which both sides gave their full co-operation, satisfactorily resolved the matter. English Page 15
3. Observance of the cease-fire
1*7. There was one shooting incident considered by UNFICYP to be a breach of the cease fire during the period under review. This was originated by a National Guard soldier who fired at least one shot over the Green Line in Nicosia. As a result, one window was broken in a nearby Turkish Cypriot school. There were no injuries .
U8. Three other shooting incidents occurred when Turkish Cypriot fighter sentries near the Kyrenia Pass and a National Guard sentry in Omorphita fired shots allegedly at intruders. Wo one was injured.
U9. There were two instances of shots being fired in the direction of UNFICYP soldiers. Fortunately, neither resulted in any injuries. One occurred near the village of Ambelikou in Lefka district, when a Turkish Cypriot sentry opened fire in the direction of two UNFICYP soldiers patrolling in the area. The fighter concerned was recognized to be in an abnormal state of mind and was immediately transferred from his duties. In another case, an unknown person apparently fired a shot at two UNFICYP soldiers checking a telephone line near a National Guard position in Kyrenia district.
50. In addition, there were seven cases of accidental discharge of weapons by members of the National Guard and four by Turkish Cypriot fighters. There were also six allegations of shooting incidents in areas of confrontation about which UNFICYP was unable to 'establish the facts.
51. Finally, there were a considerable number of incidents involving the use of explosives and firearms but not of an intercommunal character. These are referred to in section B below.
B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order
52. UNCIVPOL, the civilian police element of UNFICYP, has continued to contribute to the maintenance of law and order. There have been no changes in its responsibilities , which include investigations of criminal matters of an intercommunal nature , patrolling and observing in sensitive areas, joint patrols with the Cyprus police (CYPOL) and marshalling and escorting the Kyrenia Road convoys .
53. As in the past, UNCIVPOL has also assisted other branches of UNFICYP in problems connected with agriculture and the public service.
5U. UNCIVPOL has maintained close liaison with CYPOL and with the Turkish Cypriot police element. The trust placed in the members of UNCIVPOL by both Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots has continued to be of considerable value in facilitating the performance of their tasks. English Page 16
'.'V '. 55. During the period under review, UHCIVPOL conducted about 500 investigations relating to matters involving the two communities. These inquiries have dealt mainly with shooting incidents, arrests, accidents, assaults, the straying and theft of livestock, illegal cultivation of land, damage to crops and property, house-breaking, restrictions on freedom of movement, as well as illegal digging for antiquities. There has also been a large number of incidents within the Greek Cypriot community. These have included a total of 1(A incidents involving use of explosives and 3^. oec-a,sions when shooting took place. Personal injuries have been.;minimal, but Lbuil.dings and vehicles have been destroyed, and 59 police stations have been either raided or blown,.up, UNCIVPOL monitored these incidents to establish whether they had intercommunal connotations and to reassure the Turkish Cypriot community.
56. Several of UNCIVPOL's inquiries concerned the incident in the Turkish Cypriot village of Ayios Mikolaos, Paphos district (see paragraph ^6) and the situation arising from restrictions imposed on CYPOL's movements by Turkish Cypriots in Ayios Andronikos, Famagusta district (see paragraph 38) and Alekhtora, Limassol district (see paragraph 39).
57. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has protested against the arrest and imprisonment on 17 May 1973.of two Turkish Cypriots for non-payment of radio licence fees and has requested UNFICYP intervention to secure their release. These two persons had been convicted in their absence by a court and given the option of paying the fees and the fines or being imprisoned. The Turkish Cypriot leadership contends that the accused were refugees who lost their homes and belongings, including the radios, during .the troubles in December 1963 but that their explanation to that effect was not taken into account by the court. This raises the more general question of radio and television licences, which, it appears, most Turkish Cypriots have not paid since the 1963 troubles. UNFICYP is discussing the matter with the Government and the leadership.
58. The Government has continued to maintain its right to carry out police patrols in sensitive areas. UtJFICYP has exercised its good offices where necessary, and, with the co-operation of both sides, major confrontations have been avoided.
59. The Turkish Gypript leadership has continued to increase the level of activity of its police element-. Its decision in January 1973 to put its police element in Limassol in uniform (see paragraph 38' above) has caused considerable concern, and UNFICYP is endeavouring to persuade the leadership to restore the status quo. The Government views this development as a serious change in the status quo^. The leadership claims that the move was necessary in order to ensure the effective policing of Turkish Cypriots and, more recently, to protect its community in view of the incidents occurring within the Greek Cypriot community in Limassol. . S/I09^0 English Page 17
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS
60'. During the period under review there has again been no significant further progress towards a return to normal conditions. The trend towards separate development of .the economic life of each community has continued and only slight progress has been made towards restoring public, services.
61. Sporadic contacts between the two communities in economic affairs have been maintained. UNFTCYP's endeavours to promote integrated economic activity continue to be assisted by the work of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Turkish Cypriot participation in an important feasibility study for a land and water development project in the Morphou/Tylliria area was finally assured as a result of negotiations in which UNFICYP and UNDP had collaborated since mid-1972. Continued co-operation between the two communities is essential if this and other schemes, such as that for Paptios, are to be successfully carried out and financial aid secured from potential investors. The Turkish Cypriot participation and student enrolment at the UNDP-assisted Higher Technical Institute and Hotel and Catering Institute is still disappointingly low. On the other hand, it has been possible to arrange for a number of consultancies to be carried out under the auspices of the Cyprus Productivity Centre in Turkish Cypriot sectors. An artificial insemination programme operated by the FAO/UNDP Livestock Production Improvement project has been successfully carried out on Turkish Cypriot farms, and two experts - in hides and skins and garment manufacturing - have carried out missions in Turkish Cypriot sectors that have earned the praise of the Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce.
62. The imbalance in economic well-being between the two communities remains as pronounced as in the past (S/108^2, paragraph U2) despite the manifest signs of increasing economic progress within each community. This progress is best exemplified by the unprecedented building activity carried out by both communities in the past year, not only in the towns but in the many villages throughout the island. During the, same period, a record number of new businesses, both industrial and commercial, have been established; exports have increased and become more diversified, and so have receipts from tourism, which have quadrupled over the last decade. The balance of payments has shown a net surplus, despite an adverse trade balance, and the per capita income has continued to rise. Though these developments have had beneficial effects on both communities, there can be no doubt that they have been mainly felt in the Greek Cypriot community. In this connexion, it may be noted that, whereas unemployment has ceased to be a problem for the Greek Cypriots, there are still a significant number of Turkish Cypriots without regular employment.
63. The island is currently suffering a serious drought. Since October 1972 no area of Cyprus has received more than 50 per cent of the average rainfall, with the eastern half of the island receiving less than 25 per cent. This,, together with saline intrusion in, existing wells, has caused a serious shortage of water for both domestic and irrigation purposes. A number of villages are being supplied with water by tanker, and water rationing is in effect in many areas, particularly in Nicosia, Famagusta and Larnaca towns. To meet the situation the Government is English Page 18 exercising strict control over the use of existing water supplies. This has given rise to a larger than usual number of charges of discrimination against the Government and intercommurial disputes that UNFICYP is investigating and assisting to resolve. The problems of water supply for the Turkish Cypriot villages of Temblos and Kivisil (S/108^2, paragraph U3) remain unsolved, and new problems have arisen particularly in parts of Paphos district'.
6U. The Turkish Cypriot leadership's request for an improvement of postal services (S/108U2, paragraph hh) is still being negotiated through IMFICYP. The leadership has requested the appointment of postal agents for all Turkish Cypriot villages along the lines of the 1966 ad hoc arrangement (S/7611, paragraphs 1^5-1^8) and opening of a postal suboffice in the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia as a further step towards the full normalization of postal services on an island-wide scale. In January 1973, the Cyprus police stopped a Turkish Cypriot travelling in his car outside Nicosia and discovered that he was transporting a postal bag containing Turkish Cypriot mail. The Government impounded the mail bag and charged that Turkish Cypriots were not honouring the 1966 ad hoc arrangement on postal services but had established a separate service of their own. The Turkish Cypriot leadership, while protesting this action, confirmed that postal services were being tendered to those Turkish Cypriot areas where no other postal services are available and that distribution of mail on a limited scale and purely on a temporary basis was being made. The leadership, however, denied that it had established a separate postal service and pointed out that all the above-mentioned measures had been undertaken solely to alleviate the hardship caused by-the Government's failure to provide adequate services to the Turkish Cypriot community. The mail bag has been returned, and UWFICYP is continuing its efforts to normalize postal services throughout the island.
65. Only a slight measure of progress has been achieved in the provision of electricity to Turkish Cypriot villages. The Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) announced on 7 April its intention to electrify in 1973 the following Turkish Cypriot villages: Kalyvakia and Kourou Monastir in Nicosia district, Malounda and Maratha in Famagusta district and Akoursos, Kithasi, Lapithiou, Marona and Phalia in Paphos district. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has expressed disappointment over the slow pace of electrification of Turkish Cypriot villages and has requested that some 30 villages should be connected each year. The leadership has pointed out that while all Greek Cypriot villages and Greek Cypriot quarters of mixed villages have already been electrified, there are over 100 Turkish Cypriot villages still without electricity. As regards Turkish Cypriot villages previously scheduled for electrification (S/108U2, paragraph 1*5), the work has been completed in all the villages with the exception of some areas in the vicinity of Limnitis, where householders refuse to make the required payments. The Government contends that the main difficulty in the way of electrification of additional Turkish Cypriot villages is the restriction on the freedom of movement of EAC employees. The Turkish Cypriot leadership, however, maintains that no restrictions are placed on such employees where adequate notice is given in advance. In UWFICYP's view, many of these difficulties could be overcome if more flexibility were exercised by both parties and if UWFICYP's good offices were used more frequently. S/I09^0 English Page 19
66. The negotiations between the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership on the reintegration of Turkish. Cypriots into the national social insurance scheme (S/10842, paragraph ^7) have been in abeyance for some time and have failed to provide a solution to this long-standing issue. In the meantime, UNFICYP has been negotiating for a resumption of benefit payments to Turkish Cypriots who were receiving such payments before the troubles and for payment of old-age benefits to Turkish Cypriots who have met their obligations to the fund. It is encouraging to report that the Government has informed UNFICYP that payments will be made to these two categories of persons.
67. Practically no progress has been made during the period under review towards a solution of the problem of the Turkish Cypriot displaced persons (S/1C-8U2, paragraph kQ). There have been no negotiations on the general question for two years, but from time to time efforts are made to resettle abandoned villages. In Trapeza (S/108U2, paragraph U8) it appears that at least eight families, totalling some 35 people, are preparing to resume permanent residence. Another request for resettlement in, the Turkish Cypriot village of Monarga, in Famagusta district, is under consideration by the Government.
68. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has again expressed its concern at the failure of the Government to issue birth certificates to Turkish Cypriots born since 196^. The Government contends that it cannot issue such certificates unless it has freedom of movement for its officials to make the necessary verifications. UNFICYP is assisting -in the search for a solution,, but no progress has been made.
69. The question of Grain Commission subsidies (S/108^2, paragraph 50) also remains unsolved.' The Turkish Cypriot leadership objects to deductions made from the payment due to Turkish Cypriot producers on account of unpaid loans owed by Turkish Cypriot villages and has offered to discuss the settlement of the outstanding debts separately. Another aspect of this problem has recently been raised, namely, the payment of additional grain subsidies payable to especially indigent producers. Although Government payments have been made to Greek Cypriot producers for 1971 and 1972, no payments have yet been made to Turkish Cypriot farmers. At the time of writing, UNFICYP is pursuing both these matters.
70. Because of the lack of rainfall, cereal crops will be most unsatisfactory during the current season, and steps have been taken by the Government to set aside sufficient seed for the next planting period. Various relief schemes covering both communities are being implemented or contemplated. Early in May, the Council of Ministers declared all areas of the six districts of the island as drought-stricken areas for the purpose of the law for relief aid to farmers. UNFICYP was informed that distribution of grain for relief of livestock affected by the drought would be provided to all stock owners without discrimination. Distribution began in April. Some difficulties arose initially because the Government's distribution scheme was based on the 1969 stock census, in which many Turkish Cypriots and some Greek Cypriots did not participate. UNFICYP understands that these difficulties have now been resolved and that the distribution is continuing satisfactorily. During the month of April,, an intercommunal agricultural survey of the effects of the drought was carried out in the Nicosia and Kyrenia districts by teams composed of S/109^0 English Page 20 representatives of both communities who were accompanied by an UWFICYP representative. The survey has covered nearly all the Turkish Cypriot villages in both districts., including Boghaz, Geunyeli and Orta Keuy. Its success may be attributed to the excellent co-operation shown by both communities. It is expected that similar intercommunal surveys will take place in the near future in the remaining districts.
71. UWFICYP has not been successful in its efforts to solicit the necessary financial support to build a new school for Turkish Cypriot children in Larnaca to replace the one that cannot be used (S/108U2, paragraph 53). UNFICYP is currently exploring the possibilities of an alternative solution.
72. Restriction on the freedom of movement of civilians still remains one of the most serious problems in the island (S/10842, paragraph 5^).
73. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has protested against the inclusion of part of the area of the Turkish Cypriot village of Temblos within the boundaries of the municipality of Kyrenia, pointing out that the village authorities had not been consulted. The extension of the boundaries involves Snake Island and a narrow strip along the coast considered part of the area of Temblos village. The Government claims that the extension was carried out in the interests of better administration and that its action was taken in accordance with the law. S 7109^0 English Page 21
IV. IHTERCOMMUHAL TALKS AID GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY -GENERAL
7^. The intercomtnunal talks, reactivated on the "basis of the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/lOkOl, paragraph 79 )5 have continued during the period covered by this report. As before, Mr. Glafcos Clerides and .Mr. Rauf Denktash represented the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. In addition to the two interlocutors, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. B. F. Osorio-Tafall, has been taking part in the talks in exerci.se of 'the Secretary-General's good offices. Mr. G. Dekleris and Mr. 0. Aldikacti, the constitutional experts made available by the Governments of Greece and Turkey, have continued to attend the talks in an advisory capacity. The meetings took place, as in the past, alternately at the offices of the President of the House of Representatives and of the Chairman of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber. In addition, frequent meetings of the two constitutional experts were held during the period under review.
75. The fifth and sixth meetings of the fourth round of the intercommunal talks took place as scheduled on 6 and 8 December 1972, at which time it was decided to adjourn the talks until the opening of the fifth round on 11 January 1973. Because of the electoral campaign for the election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic , it was not possible to hold more than four meetings in the fifth round, and the intercommunal talks were again adjourned on 26 January 1973. Twelve meetings of the sixth round were held from 1 March until 17 May, and the talks were resumed on 29 May, bringing to a total of ^ 3 the number of meetings held since the first of the reactivated talks on 3 July 1972. The two interlocutors have continued their practice of giving to the press, at the end of each meeting, an oral statement, usually reflecting in very general terms the subject-matter, pace and mood of the discussions. In view of misinterpretations by a sector of the press about the nature and scope of the reactivated intercommunal talks , it has been emphasized that the terms of reference for the participants were those spelt out in the Secretary -General 's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/10^01, paragraph 79) and that they were dealing exclusively with constitutional questions.
76. The Greek Cypriot representative at the intercommunal talks, Mr. Clerides , confirmed to the journalists on 17 April that he was considering whether or not he would continue to serve as negotiator. In view of this development, I sent through my Special Representative a personal message to Mr. Clerides on 18 April in which I expressed the importance I attached to his continuing participation in the talks . On 2k April , Mr . Clerides made a statement in whi ch .he said :
. "The reasons which compelled me to consider the advisability of continuing as Greek Cypriot interlocutor were due to the situation created. amongst the Greek Cypriots by the resort to violence of General 'Grivas' groups which resulted in the inadmissible use of . counter-violence by elements .supporting the Government of Cyprus.... Having considered carefully the personal message addressed to me by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, the S/109^0 English Page 22
statement issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Greece, reaffirming in the most categorical terms the'Greek Government's policy of securing a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem through the intercommunal talks and the request of the President Of the Republic that I should continue to act as Greek Cypriot interlocutor, I have decided, for the time being, to continue representing the Greek Cypriot side in the talks."
77. Most of the fifth and sixth rounds were devoted to the analyses of the points of agreement and disagreement concerning the structure, functions and financing of local government bodies. By 17 May, Mr. Denktash had completed the presentation of the views and demands of his community on the local government issue. Mr. derides began to set out the Greek Cypriot position on this subject at the meeting of 29 May and was expected to complete his presentation in the next two or three meetings early in June. There are still some areas of disagreement, particularly in respect of the type and degree of supervision, other than judicial, that the State should exercise on local government authorities to ensure that their decisions are in accord with the basic laws of the country.
78. Mr. derides visited Athens from 23 to 26 May 1973. Upon his return to Nicosia, he said: "The object of my visit was to brief the Greek Government, as interlocutor, on all details of the talks, to make my own assessment of the prospects and to hear the Greek Government's assessment of the same prospects." In statements issued by the Greek Foreign Ministry and by Mr. derides on the results of the conversation in Athens, it was indicated that there had been "unanimous decisions on all matters discussed, and the correctness of the policy of seeking a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem, based on a unitary, sovereign and independent state, was reaffirmed".
79- I am informed by my Special Representative that during the period under review the intercommunal talks have been conducted in a constructive manner and that in his view there appears to be a good possibility that a substantial measure of agreement may be reached on questions of principle, although it is quite evident that much patient work will be needed to bring the negotiations to a satisfactory end. It is, of course, not yet possible to predict the final outcome of the intercommunal talks, inasmuch as all aspects of a settlement must be agreed upon by all concerned. But my Special Representative feels that in any case at least another four months of discussions will be needed.
80. Although this delay may seem disappointing, one should bear in mind the complexity of the problems involved, as well as the importance attached to each of them by the parties principally concerned. Wot only the substance of those problems but the words used to define them and their interpretation may become matters of lengthy and difficult debate.
81. In this connexion, it may be recalled that when the intercommunal talks began under the auspices of the Secretary-General in the spring of 1968, the Secretary- General indicated his understanding, which at the time seemed generally acceptable, that the search for an agreed solution of the Cyprus problem would be based on the 8/109^0 English Page 23 concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus. However, after various problems had arisen in the talks, especially over the issue of local government, certain reservations were voiced by the Turkish Cypriot side concerning the use of the term "unitary"., on the grounds that the parties attached different interpretations to it and that it could therefore lend itself to misunderstanding and even prejudge the nature of an ultimate agreed settlement. In this connexion, the Greek Cypriot side continues to regard the idea of a "unitary" State of Cyprus as essential for the success of the intercommunal talks.
82. I indicated in my last report (S/108U2, paragraph 80) my belief that "the reactivated intercommunal talks are the best instrument for achieving a satisfactory, lasting and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate participation of the two communities". Obviously, the interpretation of these terms as well as the nature of the agreed final settlement should now emerge from the intercommunal talks themselves, where a spirit of statesmanship and mutual accommodation on both sides alone can achieve an agreed outcome.
83. It is my earnest hope that, despite all the difficulties involved, the current negotiations will lead to a mutually satisfactory agreement. I consider the reactivated intercommunal talks as a positive, constructive and valuable step for the settlement of the constitutional issues paving the way to the solution of the long-outstanding Cyprus problem. English Page 2k
V. MEDIATION EFFORT
84« The situation regarding a resumption of the mediation function under paragraph 1 of Security Council resolution 186 (1964) has remained unchanged since the last report 3 owing primarily to the widely differing and firmly held views of the matter of the three Governments most directly concerned. S/I09^0 English Page 25
VI. FINANCIAL ASPECTS'
85. Voluntary contributions in the amount of approximately $129.6 million have been paid to the UNFICYP Special Account by ^9 Member States and four non-member Governments in respect of the periods from the inception of the Force on 27 March 196U to 15 June 1973. In addition, voluntary contributions from public sources , interest earned on investment of temporarily undisbursed funds and other miscellaneous income received by the Account have totalled about $1.5 million. Accordingly, some $131.1 million have been made available to the UNFICYP Special Account toward meeting the costs of UNFICYP to the United Nations for the periods through 15 June 1973.
86. The costs to be borne by the United Nation's for the operation of UNFICYP for the periods from the inception of the Force to 15 June 1973 are now estimated at $158.1 million. This figure, which takes into account the recent devaluation of the United States dollar, includes the direct cost to the United Nations of maintaining the Force in Cyprus, as well as the amounts to be paid to Governments providing contingents in respect of their extra and extraordinary costs for which they seek to be reimbursed by the United Nationsi but it does not include the amount that would be required for the final repatriation of contingents and liquidation of the Force. • ,
87. The amount of $131.1 million so far received by UNFICYP Special Account falls short of the requirement of $158.1 million indicated above by approximately $27.0 million. However, in addition to the voluntary contributions that have already been paid to the Account3 some $8.1 million are now expected to be received in due course against pledges made by Governments but not yet paid by them.
88., If to the amount of $131.1 million so far received the amount of $8.1 million of anticipated receipts is added, the UNFICYP Special Account can be expected to have available, to it approximately $139-2 million. The difference between this figure and the costs to be met of approximately $158.1 million becomes $18.9 million. Accordingly, unless additional contributions from existing or new pledges are received before 15 June 19733 the UNFICYP Special Account deficit as of that date vri.ll be.$18.9 million. •
89. ¥ith regard to the financial' .implications of a possible decision by the Security Council to extend the stationing: of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for six months beyond 15 June 1973, it should be mentioned that the Secretary-General has initiated detailed studies concerning ways and me'ans of reducing the United Nations commitment in Cyprus to the extent possible in terms both of finance and manpower. Pending a decision in this regard, the cost estimates detailed below are based on a continuation of UNFICYP at its present strength. This would involve an additional cost to the Organization, assuming continuation of present reimbursement commitments, amounting to- approximately $7-5 million. The estimated $0.5 million that would be required for the final repatriation of contingents and liquidation costs has been excluded from the figures below for the sake of convenience. s7109^0 English Page 26
UNFICYP COST ESTIMATES BY MAJOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENSE (in thousands of US dollars)
I. Operation costs incurred by the United Nations
Movement of contingents Operational expenses Rental of premises 96 Rations ^38 Non-military personnel, salaries, travel etc. 650 Miscellaneous and contingencies 202
Total, part I 2,297
II. _Reimbursement of extra costs of Governments providing contingents
Pay and allowances U,800 Contingent-owned equipment 375 Death and disability awards 50
Total, part II GRAND TOTAL, parts I and II
90. The above costs do not reflect the full cost of UNFICYP to Member and non-member States, inasmuch as they exclude the extra costs that Members providing contingents or police units to the Force have agreed to absorb at their own expense rather than seek as reimbursement from the United Nations. Based on reports received from certain of the Governments providing contingents or police units to the Force, the estimated amounts of such extra costs that Governments would absorb at their own expense for an additional six-month period, if the mandate of UNFICYP is extended and the Governments concerned agree to continue the present arrangements, are as follows: Australia $200,000, Austria $160,000, Canada $863,600, I/ Denmark $230,000, Sweden $325,000 and United Kingdom $1,110,000. Finland and Ireland are also absorbing certain UWFICYP costs at their own expense.
91. In order to finance the costs to the Organization of maintaining the Force for a period of six months after 15 June 1973 and to meet all costs and outstanding claims up to that dates it will be necessary for the Secretary-General to receive voluntary contributions to the UHFICYP Special Account totalling $26.1* million.
I/ Exclusive of the normal cost of pay and allowances. S/109^0 English Page 2?
VII. OBSERVATIONS
92. While the main parties concerned are making a serious effort to agree through the intercommunal talks on a constitutional framework which will provide for the adequate participation of the two communities in the Government of the Republic, it has not so far proved possible to establish the general foundations for such an accord. Meanwhile the atmosphere of calm that is so necessary for the promotion of agreement has not always been maintained during the period under review, which has been characterized especially by tension and sporadic violence within the Greek Cypriot community, as reported in another section of this report (see paragraph 55). It is evident that these developments have had an adverse affect on the intercommunal talks. Although the violence has been limited to the Greek Cypriot community, the Turkish Cypriots have expressed apprehension that the troubles might, either by accident or by design, spill over into their own community. Any such development would certainly have an adverse effect on the talks. UNFICYP has kept a very close watch on the situation, and it is hoped that such a risk will not materialize. In this respect, it is reassuring that both the Governments of Cyprus and Greece have condemned the use of violence, irrespective of its origin.
93. Although there have been few intercommunal incidents during the period under review, little progress has been achieved in the field of military deconfrontation. The Government has continued to assert its willingness to accept general island-wide military deconfrontation provided the Turkish Cypriot leadership were willing to reciprocate. Since the leadership has indicated its inability for the time being to accept a general deconfrontation, the agreement of both sides is being sought to a limited measure of deconfrontation. The Government has informed UNFICYP that it is prepared to accept partial deconfrontation, provided that this would not give strategic or military advantages to one or the other side. This approach will be taken up with the Turkish Cypriot leadership. UWFICYP is ready to negotiate appropriate limited agreements to this end and to provide a military presence to ensure that there is no increased risk to the security of either community as a result. It is hoped that a successful initial step in this direction as an experimental measure during the coming months may help to generate confidence between the two communities and could well lead to a more general measure of military deconfrontation throughout the island. This would serve to reduce tension and would also create a situation in which a significant reduction of the United Nations Force might become possible.
9**. Progress in achieving a return to normal conditions has been noticeable slow. The public services rendered to members of the Turkish Cypriot community remain inadequate in some respects; indeed, the leadership has often expressed the view that UNFICYP does not pay enough attention to its complaints about alleged discriminatory treatment in the provision of public services, while placing too much emphasis on what it regards as relatively minor problems relating to the military status quo. It seems evident, however, that the Government's attitude in regard to normalizing public services in the area under Turkish Cypriot control is linked to the attitude of the Turkish Cypriot leadership concerning such matters as the maintenance of the military status quo and the freedom of movement of Greek S/109^0 English Page 28
Cypriot civilians. It is relevant here to repeat the comment in my last report (S/108U2, paragraph 77): "All too often each side approaches the problems of normalization from the point of view of its "basic position; and, in the fear that any liberalizing move might benefit the opposing side, hardships resulting from the existing situation tend to be overlooked".
95° Among the more encouraging features of the Cyprus situation is the rapid economic development that both communities are experiencing, although at an unequal rate (see paragraph 62). This development is benefiting both communities and is an important element in pointing the way towards peace and progress rather than to a resumption of intercommunal strife. It is obvious that if reasonable calm can be maintained and a solution to the underlying problems brought closer, the Cyprus economy will make further rapid progress, a development which should strengthen the desire of both communities for peace.
96. All the above considerations point to the importance and urgency of achieving a peaceful and agreed solution of the Cyprus problem. As I have repeatedly stated, the best way, in my opinion, to achieve this end is through the reactivated intercommunal talks. I have referred at some length to the current status of the talks and have expressed my own view of them and of the concepts underlying a possible solution earlier in this report (see chapter IV).
97. In the prevailing circumstances I consider it essential that the United Rations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be maintained for a further limited period. I therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the mandate of UNFICYP for another period of six months until 15 December 1973. The Government of Cyprus as well as the Governments of Greece and Turkey have informed me of their concurrence with this recommendation.
90. The financial situation of UNFICYP continues to be precarious. Understandably enough, Governments providing contingents, as well as. those that make voluntary financial contributions to UNFICYP , are becoming increasingly uneasy at the continuing United Nations commitment in Cyprus and at the delay in reaching the settlement called for by the Security Council in March
99. For some time now, I and my colleagues both at Headquarters and in Cyprus have been studying ways and means of reducing the United Nations commitment in terms both of finance and manpower. In my next report to the Council and in light of developments in the coming months, I intend to make appropriate recommendations in this regard, taking into account political and military, as well as financial considerations. The feasibility of any such move will, of course, depend to a large extent on the progress of the intercommunal talks. Meantime, within the existing framework, I plan as soon as possible to make such economies as can be achieved without jeopardizing the effectiveness of the operation.
100. In concluding this report, I wish once more to place on record my gratitude to the Governments providing contingents to UNFICYP and to those that have made voluntary contributions for its maintenance for their continued support of this operation. I wish also to pay tribute to my Special Representative, to the Force Commander and to all the officers and men of UNFICYP , as well as its civilian staff. They have continued to carry out with exemplary efficiency and devotion the important task assigned to them by the Security Council. 32-30' 33-00' 33°30' 34-00' 34-30'
Hole: One PI 1 Pan fUKl and one PI UNAB3 tAuurm) MEDITERRANEAN SEA are permanently deployed at Camp IINFICYP, Nicosia to guard the Morphou Gate Compound (Arms Storage). One Coy YKSP (Finland) See Report, paragraph '13. One Sect UNCIVPOL ISmden) One Sect UNCIVPOL /Austria) DISTRICT HQ AUSTRIAN FIELD HOSPITAL Del 84 Hel Sqn RAF HQ PI 3R22eR (Canada) i UNAvnFltAAC(UK) i Reserve PI 3R 22e R (Canada) j Rizokarpaso HO UliCIVPOL 38 Tpt Sqn (UK) Two Coys 3R 22e R (Canada) BSqnRHG/DlUK) \ Coy HQYKSP (Finland) \ HQ UNFICYP One Coy YKSP (Finland) HO UNCIVPOL (Austria) DISTRICT HQ Log Coy 3R 22e R (Canada) DISTRICT HQ / Three Sects UNCIVPOL (Austria) HQ Coy DANCON XIX (Denmark) HQ Coy YKSP / HO UNCIVPOL (Denmark) One PI (-) DANCON XIX (Denmark) \ F inland)/ Three Sects UNCIVPOL (Denmark) Cape Koh^akiti\ ^ Galatia i Kebir O
One Sect DANCON XIX |V"XN Coy HQ DANCON XIX (Denmark) (Denmark Two Pis DANCON XIX (Denmark) OneSect 50: (Sweden) rypimem One Sect UNCIVPOL fyia/ Irini D /f s (Denmark) F A Mb G One PI DANCON XIX (Denmark) HQ PI One Sect 5Dc (Sweden) FAMAGUSTA BAY
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P A F\H O S
^ \ Anadhiou DHEKELIA S'8-A- Cape Pyla
One Sect 3 R 22e R (Canad BAY **•.._..
OnePII-IUNABS L I M A S S O L One Sect UNCIVPOL (Sweden) (Austria) Cape Kiti (Dades) \ SECTOR HQ DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP ( B R I T C O N )_Moni/: 31 MAY 1973 One Coy 24 Inf Gp (Ireland) Pano Polemidhia One Sect UNCIVPOL SECTOR HQ UNFICYP operational boundaries (Australia) OneCov t Para (UK) —_.._.._... District boundary CoyHQ EPISKOPI BAY ._ BAY Two Sects UNAS 3 One Sect UNAB 3 ROT/R) Road (Austria) Auitria) Akroliri S.B.A PI HOI Para (UK) One Sect 1 Para (UK) " i "i- Airfield, airstrip One Sect UNAB 3 (Austria) DISTRICT HQ , Cape Gata HillSect UNCIVPOL (Denmark) Sovereign Base Area One Coy (-) UNAB 3 UNCIVPOL ZONE HQ (Austria) Two Sects UNCIVPOL fAustraln) «eo Contour line (in feet) ZONE HQ AND DISTRICT HQ HO Coy 1 Para (UK) One Coy I Para (UK) One Coy HI Para (UK) OneCoy(-) 1 Para (UK) OneTpBStinRHG/DIUKI meiit nrafi-eptanrp liv thf L'nitfd Nations.
32-30' 33"00' 33-30' UN/TED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL
S/109^0 31 May 1973
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS
(for the period 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973)
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ...... 3
I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS ...... k A. Composition and deployment ...... U B. Function and guiding principles ...... 7 C. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot ,.- leadership ...... 8 D. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force ...... 10
II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER ... 11 A. Military situation ...... • « 11 1. Armed forces in Cyprus other than UNFICYP ...... 11 (a) Government armed forces ...... 11 (b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements ...... 11 (c) Greek and Turkish national contigents ...... 11 2. General assessment of the situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting ...... 12 3. Observance of the cease-fire ...... 15 B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order .... 15
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS ...... 17
IV. INTERCOMMIMAL -TALKS AND GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL .... 21
73-H2U3 . /•• S/109^0 English Page 2
Page
V. MEDIATION EFFORT 2U
VI. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 25
VII. OBSERVATIONS . . • 27
MAP DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP AS AT 31 MY 1973 S/109UO English Page 3
INTRODUCTION
1. The present report on the United Nations'Operations in Cyprus covers developments from 2 December 1972 to 31 May 1973 and brings up to date the record of the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) pursuant to the mandate laid down in Security Council resolution 186 (196U) of U March 196^ and subsequent resolutions of the Council relating to Cyprus. S/109^0 English Page U
I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS
A. Composition and deployment
2. At the end of the period covered by my last report9 the strength of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was 2,98l military personnel and 172 civilian police. On 26 May 1973, the composition of the Force was as follows:
Military Total
Austria HQ UNFICYP 10 Field hospital 5^ Battalion 275 339
Canada. HQ UNFICYP and military police 38 Battalion 5U2 580
Denmark HQ UNFICYP and military police 16 Battalion 279 295
Finland HQ UNFICYP and military police 11 Battalion 276 28,7
Ireland HQ UNFICYP and military police 11 Infantry group 131
Sweden HQ UNFICYP and military police 10 Battalion 276 286
United Kingdom HQ UNFICYP and military police 129 Battalion 585 Reconnaissance squadron 121 UNFICYP logistic support units 175 Helicopter support 30 Contingent HQ
Total military personnel 2,973 English Page 5
Civilian police
Australia 37
Austria . 5^
Denmark lj-0
Sweden UP
Total civilian police 171
TOTAL UHFICYP
3. The following changes took place during the period covered "by the present report :
(a) Austria: The 3rd Austrian Battalion replaced the 2nd Austrian Battalion. The Austrian field hospital carried out a partial , rot at ion.
(b) Canada: The 3rd Battalion, Royal 22nd Regiment replaced the 2nd Battalion,, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. .
(c) Denmark : The 19th Battalion replaced the l8th Battalion.
(d) Finland: A partial rotation took place. The incoming troops form,, together with the previous personnel, the 19th Battalion.
(e) Ireland: The 2Hth Infantry Group replaced the 23rd Infantry Group.
(f) Sweden: The 50th Battalion replaced the ^9th Battalion.
(g) United Kingdom: The 1st Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, replaced the 3rd Battalion, The Queen's Regiment. B Squadron, The Blues and Royals, replaced D Squadron, The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. 38 Squadron, The Royal Corps of Transport, replaced 36 Squadron, The Royal Corps of Transport. k. The number of permanently manned military observation posts has been reduced to 55 (see paragraph 36 below).
5. The Louroujina area, which had been placed under the control of Limassol zone (see 3/108^4-2, paragraph 5) following a reduction in strength of the Irish Contingent, has now been placed under the control of Nicosia district.
6. The Force is now deployed as follows (see attached map):
HQ UKFICYP, including HQ UNFICYP civilian police (UUCIVPQL) - Nicosia
Combined HQ staff
Force reserve (British reconnaissance squadron less one troop) S/109^0 English Page 6
Force logistic and support units (British contingent)
Austrian field hospital
Nicosia district
Canadian contingent
Austrian civilian police
Famagusta district
Swedish contingent
Swedish civilian police
Larnaca sector
Irish contingent
Swedish civilian police
Limassol zone
British infantry battalion
One troop British reconnaissance squadron
Australian civilian police
Danish civilian police
Paphos district
Austrian contingent
Australian civilian police
Lefka district
Danish contingent
Danish civilian police
Kyrenia district
Finnish contingent
Austrian civilian police S/109^0 English Page 7
7. The number of UNCIVPOL stations and substations has remained unchanged during the period covered by this report,
8. The Force remains under the command of Major-General D. Prem Chand. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus continues to be Mr. B. F. Osor.io-Tafall.
Casualties
9. During the period under review, UNFICYP suffered no casualties attributable to intercommunal incidents. Two cases of death from natural causes occurred: one Finnish officer died as a result of pneumonia and acute cardiac failure, and one British soldier died of a heart attack. Five cases of accidental death occurred: one Canadian soldier died from suffocation, one British soldier was killed by the accidental discharge of a rifle and two Swedish soldiers and one member of the United Nations Secretariat were killed in a civilian aeroplane crash.
Discipline
10. The over-all discipline and bearing of the officers and men'of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force has continued to be of a high order and reflects credit on the contingent commanders, their staffs and the armed forces of the contributing nations.
B. Function and guiding principles
11. The function of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus was defined by the Security Council in its resolution 186 (196H) of h March 196U in the following terms:
"... in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions".
12. That resolution was reaffirmed by the Council in its subsequent resolutions of 13 March, 20 June, 9 August, 25 September and 18 December 196U; 19 March, 15 June, 10 August and 17 December 1965; 16 March, 16 June and 15 December 1966; 19 June and 22 December 1967; 18 March, 18 June and 10 December 1968; 10 June and 11 December 1969; 9 June and 10 December 1970; 26 May and 13 December 1971; 15 June and 12 December 1972.
13. The guiding principles governing the operation of the Force, as summarized in the Secretary-General's report of 10 September 196^ (S/5950, paragraph 7), remain in effect. The duties of UNCIVPOL are as outlined in the report of 2 May 196U (8/5679, paragraph U). S/109^0 English Page 8
X
C. Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot leadership
1. General lU. UWFICYP has maintained,, as in the past, close liaison and good working relations with the Government of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot leadership. The Political Liaison Committee continues to meet as a rule every two weeks. The UIIFICYP Deputy Chief of Staff, who acts a.s Chairman, the Senior Political Adviser and his staff, the Police Adviser and the Force Economics Officer meet separately with Liaison Officers representing the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership, with a view to sorting out specific current intercommunal problems through liaison and discussion. Between 2 December 1972 and 31 May 1973, the Committee held 12 meetings with the Government Political Liaison Officer and 13 with the Turkish Cypriot Liaison Officer. No joint meetings similar to those reported previously (S/108^2,, paragraph 15) were held during the period under review,
2. Elections for President and Vice-President
15' It will be recalled that Archbishop Makarios was re-elected President of the Republic for a five-year term in February 1968 and that, at the same time5 Dr. F. Kuchuk was re-elected as Vice-President of the Republic for a similar term (S/8^!|63 paragraphs 85-100).
16. On 29 December 1972, Archbishop Makarios announced that the Council of Ministers had decided to hold presidential elections on 18 February 1973. The Archbishop also indicated that he would be a candidate.
17. When the time-limit for nomination of candidates expired on 8 February 1973, the returning officer announced, in accordance with the Electoral Law of 19595 that since no nomination other than that of the Archbishop had been received, the Archbishop was elected as President of the Republic of Cyprus. Archbishop Makarios was invested as President at a ceremony held in the House of Representatives on 28 February 1973 at which he made the following affirmation:
"I do solemnly affirm faith to and respect for the Laws of the Republic of Cyprus in force for the time being and that I will exercise the functions of the Office of the President of the Republic in accordance with them.1'
18. The President's decision to stand for re-election came at a time of severe controversy within the Greek Cypriot community, concerning mainly the question of enosis and a related dispute between the Archbishop and the three senior bishops of the Cyprus Church.
19- The announcement on 29 December 1972 by Archbishop Hakarios that elections for the Presidency would be held was followed almost immediately by a statement in the Turkish press that, in accordance with the I960 Constitution, the holding of elections for the Vice-Presidency was imperative. 3/109^0 English1 Page 9
20. In his New Year's message to the Turkish Cypriot community, the Vice-President, Dr. Kuchuk, disclosed'that •"he would not be a candidate for the forthcoming vice-presidential elections. 18 February 1973 was- fixed as the polling day for the election of the Vice-President by the Turkish Cypriot community. Mr. Rauf Denktash, President of the Turkish Communal Chamber, who had previously announced his candidacy, was joined as a candidate on 8 January by Mr. A. 'M. Berberoglu, leader of the Republican Turkish Party of Cyprus. On 16 February 1973, Mr. Berberoglu withdrew from'the vice-presidential contest.
21= In a letter dated 18 February 1973, Dr.Kuchuk informed the Secretary-General that, .in accdrdanc'e with the'"Elections (President and the Vice-President) Law of 1959s Mr. Denktash, the only remaining nominated candidate, had been proclaimed the elected Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus. He added that Mr. Denktash would formally assume the duties of the Vice-President of the Republic on 28 February 1973,- when his own term of office was due to expire (S/1089^).
22. The new Vice-President was invested at a special ceremony held on 28 February 1973, at which he made the following affirmation:
"I do solemnly affirm faith to, and respect for, the Constitution and the laws made thereunder, the preservation of the independence and the territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus.
I do also affirm that I shall endeavour with all my power to protect the existence and the rights of the Turkish Community and that I shall respect, and remain loyal to, the Basic Provisions prepared for this purpose."
23. By a letter dated 17 March 1973 addressed to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General5 the new Vice-President of the Republic, Mr. R. Denktash,, placed on record that "having been duly proclaimed Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus on l6 February 1973", he had "formally' assumed the duties of the Office of the Vice-President with effect from 1800 hours on 28 February 1973".
2k. The use of the term "Turkish Cypriot Administration'', to which reference has been made in previous reports, continues to be common practice among Turkish Cypriots. In this connexion, reference should be made to the comments made by the Secretary-General in his special report to the Security Council of 3 January 1968 (S/8323). It should also be noted that OTFICYP deals with the Vice-President of the Republic both in his capacity as Vice-President and as leader of the Turkish Cypriot community. S/109^0 English Page 10
D. Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force
25. During the period covered by this report, three cases have occurred where UNFICYP has been denied freedom of movement. One of these may be attributed to the National Guard and two to the Turkish Cypriot fighters. That involving the National Guard was settled to the satisfaction of UNFICYP after discussion. Of the two cases involving the Turkish Cypriot fighters, one was also settled satisfactorily; the second is that referred to in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 17) as being still unsettled to UNFICYP's satisfaction. Although some progress has been made, UNFICYP has not yet been accorded complete freedom of movement in the area. English Page 11
II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER A. Military situation
1. Armed forces in Cyprus other than UNFICYP
(a) Government armed forces
26. No significant change in the strength of the National Guard was observed during the period under review. Its organization and deployment have remained basically unaltered. The first half of the 1955 age group was called up in January, and the first half of the 1953 age group has since been released. The usual summer training camps are "being established on the island. 27. Training has continued at a'high level, and the general efficiency of the National Guard has continued to improve. • UNFICYP has been provided with a monthly schedule of all field firing exercises, and adequate warning has been given when large-scale troop movement has occurred. 28. On 30 March 1973, following a series of incidents within the Greek Cypriot community involving explosions and attacks on police stations, the President Archbishop Makarios, announced that the Government had decided to strengthen the security forces and that to this end an "auxiliary police force'.' was being established, the main task of which would be "to follow and combat unlawful activities and terrorism wherever coming from, in co-operation with the regular police force". The Turkish Cypriot leadership protested this decision to expand the police force as a change in the status quo which would adversely affect the Turkish Cypriot community.
29» On the basis of its discussions with the Government, UNFICYP has sought to assure the leadership that its fears in this connexion were not justified. According to the President's announcement, the ultimate strength of the new police unit, which will be integrated within the existing force, will depend "on developments and prevailing conditions". So far, only a relatively small number of men have been recruited.
(b) Turkish Cypriot armed .elements 30. The administrative changes mentioned in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 20) have not been completed. Training activity and the general efficiency of the Turkish Cypriot fighters have remained at a high level.
(c) Greek and Turkish national contingents
31. No changes have occured in the strengths and location of the Greek and Turkish national contingents. S/109^0 English Page 12
32. A partial rotation of the Greek national contingent took place on 15 January 1973.
33. The Turkish national contingent rotated half of its personnel on 27 February 1973. Both the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Turkey requested UNFICYP's good offices to assist with the rotation. UNFICYP assisted in the negotiations and provided the customary UNFICYP transport, escorts and observers. With the co-operation of both parties, the rotation was completed without major incident.
2. General assessment of the situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting
3^. The intercommunal military situation has remained quiet during the period under review, and there have been few incidents between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots.
35« Most of the incidents reported during February, March and April were not intercommunal in nature but were the result of activities of anti-Government Greek Oypriot groups. These activities provoked a number of retaliatory actions by other Greek Cypriots. They also gave cause for concern to the Turkish Cypriot community and were followed closely by UKFICYP with a view to forestalling any intercommunal consequences of them.
36. UNFICYP has continued its endeavours to achieve a'measure of military deconfrontation and, as a contributory step, dismantled and withdrew five unmanned United Nations observation posts and discontinued manning another observation post in Nicosia. Neither community reacted adversely to these changes, but neither side has itself taken any positive steps towards even a partial deconfrontation.
37. In the absence of substantial progress towards normalization and military deconfrontation, UNFICYP has continued to watch the military situation closely in order to check activities by either side which might alter the military status quo to its advantage and thereby increase tension or give rise to incidents.
38. An agreement has been reached with the Turkish Cypriot leadership, which, when implemented, should resolve the problem concerning Selemani (S/10664, paragraph 28). Considerable progress has been made in resolving the problem referred to in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 27) of CYPOL access to the village of Ayios Andronikos and CYPOL patrols have passed through it, although, in the view of UNFICYP, the status quo has not yet been fully restored. Limassol has been an area of particular concern, and breaches of the status quo by Turkish Cypriots have increased. Turkish Cypriot fighters continue to appear in uniform, sometimes carrying weapons, and marching is now regularly conducted in connexion with weekly flag ceremonies and on other occasions in breach of previous agreements. Further, contrary to previous practice, members of the Turkish Cypriot police element in Limassol appeared in uniform for the first time in January 1973, and despite repeated UNFICYP advice, have continued to do so. 3/109^0 English Page 13
The Government has represented to UNFICYP its concern at these developments, which constitute clear violations of the status quo. A potentially serious incident on IT May 1973, involving a confrontation between CYPOL and members of the Turkish Cypriot Police element wearing uniform, was resolved peacefully, thanks to direct UNFICYP intervention. Also, in May, Turkish Cypriot fighters in Limassol accepted UNFICYP advice to demolish a brick wall recently constructed in Lycurgus Street in breach of the military status quo. It will be recalled that a similar wall was built in the same place and subsequently removed' in May 1970 after UNFICYP intervention (see S/10005, paragraph 56). UNFICYP is pressing for the new wall to be demolished, but the local leadership has not yet responded.
39. New difficulties arose in Alekhtora on 2 December 1972, when Turkish Cypriot fighters prevented a CYPOL patrol from entering the village. A similar problem had arisen in June 1971, and UNFICYP urged a return to the arrangements agreed to at that time. On 2k May, a CYPOL patrol went through the village and, though this is encouraging, it is not yet certain that the status quo has been fully restored.
UO. During the period of the report there have been allegations of the illegal or clandestine importation of arms by both sides. The Government reported to UNFICYP that arms for the Turkish Cypriots had been illegally imported from a ship that anchored off Kokkina and from an unidentified helicopter that was alleged to have landed in daylight within the Turkish Cypriot enclave north of Nicosia. Careful investigations by UNFICYP personnel, who were in a position to maintain constant observation on the ship, led to the firm conclusion that no arms had been landed from it. Investigations by UNFICYP of the reported helicopter landing were inconclusive. On the other hand, the leadership on several occasions drew the attention of UNFICYP to renewed press reports of clandestine importations of arms by illegal groups on the Greek Cypriot side to which they had previously drawn attention (S/108^2, paragraph 28) UNFICYP once more was not able with the means at its disposal to substantiate these reports, although they cannot be altogether discounted.
Ul. Following negotiations with the Turkish Cypriot leadership, an agreement was reached to ensure UNFICYP surveillance over the rocket launchers of the M72 (LAW) type and anti-tank launchers of the RPG-7 type referred to in the last report (S/108U2, paragraph 29). These weapons were placed under a double lock and key system, with one of the keys to be retained by UNFICYP, and subject to unrestricted inspection by the Force Commander1 or other senior UNFICYP officers. The arrangements were brought into effect on 22 May 1973 and were accepted as satisfactory by the Force Commander who, together with the Chief of Staff, personally inspected the storage place and the weapons. The satisfactory outcome of these negotiations is welcomed by UNFICYP since, although the number of weapons involved is much smaller than the quantities imported by the Government in 1966 and 1972, an important principle was at stake.
^2. Four of the five one-ton used Humber armoured trucks referred to in the last report (S/108^2, paragraph 30) were refurbished by the importer and put in S/109^0 English Page Ik \ serviceable condition (the fifth truck, which was badly damaged by fire, has not yet been refurbished). The Government expressed itself as being concerned that those vehicles might be seized by illegal armed groups if left in the private premises of the importer in Limassol and decided at short notice to move them to safe custody in the CYPOL compound at Athalassa, Nicosia. The move of the four refurbished vehicles took place without incident and under UNFICYP surveillance (the fifth truck was subsequently also transported to Athalassa). As a result of this development, UNFICYP expressed its concern to the Government regarding the arrangements for ensuring that these vehicles remained immobilized (S/108U2, paragraph 30) and advised that the vehicles should be subject to inspection by UNFICYP and that the control box of each vehicle should be removed and stored separately under joint Government/UNFICYP double lock and key system. These arrangements have been instituted to the satisfaction of UNFICYP, thus refuting allegations made in some sections of the local press that the vehicles have been taken into use by CYPOL. However, the Government has not yet ensured that the importer will re-export the trucks within a reasonable period or, failing that, dismantle them under Government supervision (S/108U2, paragraph 30).
U3. From time to time during the period under review allegations have been made by some local newspapers that the weapons imported by the Cyprus Government in 1966 and in 1972 and which are subject to UNFICYP inspection or surveillance (as indicated in S/T6ll/Add.l; S/1056U, Add.1'and 2; and S/1066U, paragraphs 29-30) have been clandestinely distributed to certain Greek Cypriot groups. It can be stated categorically, that these allegations are untrue and baseless. The inspection and surveillance arrangements have continued to be applied to the complete satisfaction of the Force Commander.
hh. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has expressed concern to UNFICYP at the import into Cyprus, allegedly for the Cyprus Navy, of a "motor torpedo boat". UNFICYP investigations disclosed that the vessel in question was a second-hand unarmed fast patrol boat, which, if refurbished to a serviceable standard, was destined to be acquired by the Government for use by CYPOL for coast patrol duties to replace another vessel lost earlier. The Government has undertaken to inform UNFICYP if and when this boat is actually acquired for Government use.
^5. The situation along the Artemis Road in Larnaca continues to be a matter of concern. There are now weekly occurrences of flag-raising and sporadic cases of shouting of abuse by sentries from both sides. The tension resulting from these incidents could be avoided if, as repeatedly urged by UNFICYP in the past, the close confrontation along this road were stopped or relaxed.
U6. A potentially serious situation of an intercommunal nature developed in Paphos district as a result of the detention on 27 February 1973 by Turkish Cypriot fighters of two members of CYPOL who had entered the village of Ayios Nicolaos. Although the two CYPOL members were subsequently released, the fighters retained their weapons. On 1 April 1973, CYPOL arrested on a warrant one of the fighters alleged to have been involved in that incident, and tension in the area increased. Subsequent negotiations conducted by UNFICYP, to which both sides gave their full co-operation, satisfactorily resolved the matter. S/109^0 English Page 15
3. Observance of the cease-fire Vf. There was one shooting incident considered by UNFICYP to be a breach of the cease fire during the period under review. This was originated by a National Guard soldier who fired at least one shot over the Green Line in Nicosia. As a result, one window was broken in a nearby Turkish Cypriot school. There were no injuries. lj-8. Three other shooting incidents occurred when Turkish Cypriot fighter sentries near the Kyrenia Pass and a National Guard sentry in Omorphita fired shots allegedly at intruders. No one was injured. ; 1*9. There were two instances of shots being fired in the direction of UNFICYP soldiers. Fortunately, neither resulted in any injuries. One occurred near the village of Ambelikou in Lefka district, when a Turkish Cypriot sentry opened fire in the direction of two UNFICYP soldiers patrolling in the area. The fighter concerned was recognized to be in an abnormal state of mind and was immediately transferred from his duties. In another case, an unknown person apparently fired a shot at two UNFICYP soldiers checking a telephone line near a National Guard position in Kyrenia district.
50. In addition, there were seven cases of accidental discharge of weapons by members of the National Guard and four by Turkish Cypriot fighters. There were also six allegations of shooting incidents in areas of confrontation about which UNFICYP was unable to establish the facts.
51. Finally, there were a considerable number of incidents involving the use of explosives and firearms but not of an intercommunal character. These are referred to in section B below.
B. Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order 52. UNCIVPOL, the civilian police element of UNFICYP, has continued to contribute to the maintenance of law and order. There have been no changes in its responsibilities , which include investigations of criminal matters of an intercommunal nature, patrolling and observing in sensitive areas, joint patrols with the Cyprus police (CYPOL) and marshalling and escorting the Kyrenia Road convoys . 53. As in the past, UNCIVPOL , has also assisted other branches of UNFICYP in problems connected with agriculture and the public service. 54. UNCIVPOL has maintained close liaison with CYPOL and with the Turkish Cypriot police element. The trust placed in the members of, UHCIVPOL by both Greek Cypriots and' Turkish Cypriots has continued to be of considerable value in facilitating the performance of their tasks. S/109^0 English Page 16
55. During the period under review, UNCIVPOL conducted about 500 investigations relating to matters involving the two communities. These inquiries have dealt mainly with shooting incidents, arrests, accidents, assaults, the straying and theft of livestock, illegal cultivation of land, damage to crops and property, house-breaking, restrictions on freedom of movement, as well as illegal digging for antiquities. There has also been a large number of incidents within the Greek Cypriot community. These have included a total of 10U incidents involving use of explosives and 3^ occasions when shooting took place. Personal injuries have been minimal, but buildings and vehicles have been destroyed, and 59 police stations have been either raided or blown up. UNCIVPOL monitored these incidents to establish whether they had intercommunal connotations and to reassure the Turkish Cypriot community.
56. Several of UWCIVPOL's inquiries concerned the incident in the Turkish Cypriot village of Ayios Nikolaos, Paphos district (see paragraph k-6) and the situation arising from restrictions imposed on CYPOL's movements by Turkish Cypriots in Ayios Andronikos, Famagusta district (see paragraph 38) and Alekhtora, Limassol district (see paragraph 39).
57. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has protested against the arrest and imprisonment on IT May 1973 of two Turkish Cypriots for non-payment of radio licence fees and has requested UMFICYP intervention to secure their release. These two persons had been convicted in their absence by a court and given the option of paying the fees and the fines or being imprisoned. The Turkish Cypriot leadership contends that the accused were refugees who lost their homes and belongings, including the radios, during the troubles in December 1963 but that their explanation to that effect was not taken into account by the court. This raises the more general question of radio and television licences, which, it appears, most Turkish Cypriots have not paid since the 19&3 troubles. UNFICYP is discussing the matter with the Government and the leadership.
58. The Government has continued to maintain its right to carry out police patrols in sensitive areas. UNFICYP has exercised its good offices where necessary, and, with the co-operation of both sides, major confrontations have been avoided.
59. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has continued to increase the level of activity of its police element. Its decision in January 1973 to put its police element in Limassol in uniform (see paragraph 38 above) has caused considerable concern, and UHFICYP is endeavouring to persuade the leadership to restore the status quo. The Government views this development as a serious change in the status quo. The leadership claims that the move was necessary in order to ensure the effective policing of Turkish Cypriots and, more recently, to protect its community in view of the incidents occurring within the Greek Cypriot community in Limassol. S/109^0 English Page IT
III. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS A RETURN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS
60. During the period under review there has again been no significant further progress towards a return to normal conditions. The trend towards separate development of the economic life of each community has continued and only slight progress has been made towards restoring public services.
61. Sporadic contacts between the two communities in economic affairs have been maintained* UNFICYP's endeavours to promote integrated economic activity continue to be assisted by the work of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Turkish Cypriot participation in an important feasibility study for a>land and water development project in the Morphou/Tylliria area was finally assured as a result of negotiations in which UNFICYP and UNDP had collaborated since mid-1972. Continued co-operation between the two communities is essential if this and other schemes9 such as that for Paphos, are to be successfully carried out and financial aid secured from potential investors. The Turkish Cypriot participation and student enrolment at the UNDP-assisted Higher Technical Institute and Hotel and Catering Institute is still disappointingly low. On the other hand, it has been possible to arrange for a number of consultancies to be carried out under the auspices of the Cyprus Productivity Centre in Turkish Cypriot sectors. An artificial insemination programme operated by the FAO/UNDP Livestock Production Improvement project has been successfully carried out on Turkish Cypriot farms, and two experts - in hides and skins and garment manufacturing - have carried out missions in Turkish Cypriot sectors that have earned the praise of the Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce.
62. The imbalance in economic well-being between the two communities remains as pronounced as in the past (S/108^2, paragraph *t2) despite the manifest signs of increasing economic progress within each community. This progress is best exemplified by the unprecedented building activity carried out by both communities in the past year, not only in the towns but in the many villages throughout the island. During the.same period, a record number of new businesses, both industrial and commercial, have been established; exports have increased and become more diversified, and so have receipts from tourism, which have quadrupled over the last decade. The balance of payments has shown a net surplus, despite an adverse trade balance, and the per capita income has continued to rise. Though these developments have had beneficial effects on both communities, there can be no doubt that they have been mainly felt in the Greek Cypriot community. In this connexion, it may be noted that, whereas unemployment has ceased to be a problem for the Greek Cypriots, there are "•still a significant number of Turkish Cypriots without regular employment.
63. The island is currently suffering a serious drought. Since October 1972 no area of Cyprus has received more than 50 per cent of the average rainfall, with the eastern half of the island receiving less than 25 per cent. This9 together with saline intrusion in existing wells, has caused a serious shortage of water for both domestic and irrigation purposes. A number of villages are being supplied with water by tanker, and water rationing is in effect in many areas, particularly in Nicosia, Famagusta and Larnaca towns. To meet the situation the Government is S/109^0 English Page 18 exercising strict control over the use of existing water supplies. This has given rise to a larger than usual number of charges of discrimination against the Government and intercommunal disputes that UNFICYP is investigating and assisting to resolve. The problems of water supply for the Turkish Cypriot villages of Temblos and Kivisil (S/108U2, paragraph ^3) remain unsolved, and new problems have arisen particularly in parts of Paphos district.
6k, The Turkish Cypriot leadership's request for an improvement of postal services (S/108^2, paragraph hh] is still being negotiated through UNFICYP. The leadership has requested the appointment of postal agents for all Turkish Cypriot villages along the lines of the 1966 ad hoc arrangement (S/7611, paragraphs 1^ and opening of a postal suboffice in the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia as a further step towards the full normalization of postal services on an island-wide scale. In January 1973, the Cyprus police stopped a Turkish Cypriot travelling in his car outside Nicosia and discovered that he was transporting a postal bag containing Turkish Cypriot mail. The Government impounded the mail bag and charged that Turkish Cypriots were not honouring the 1966 ad hoc arrangement on postal services but had established a separate service of their own. The Turkish Cypriot leadership, while protesting this action, confirmed that postal services were being tendered to those Turkish Cypriot areas where no other postal services are available and that distribution of mail on a limited scale and purely on a temporary basis was being made. The leadership, however, denied that it had established a separate postal service and pointed out that all the above-mentioned measures had been undertaken solely to alleviate the hardship caused by the Government's failure to provide adequate services to the Turkish Cypriot community. The mail bag has been returned, and UNFICYP is continuing its efforts to normalize postal services throughout the island.
65. Only a slight measure of progress has been achieved in the provision of electricity to Turkish Cypriot villages. The Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) announced on 7 April its .intention to electrify in 1973 the following Turkish Cypriot villages: Kalyvakia and Kourou Monastir in Nicosia district, Malounda and Maratha in Famagusta district and Akoursos, Kithasi, Lapithiou, Marona and Phalia in Paphos district. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has expressed disappointment over the slow pace of electrification of Turkish Cypriot villages and has requested that some 30 villages should be connected each year. The leadership has pointed out that while all Greek Cypriot villages and Greek Cypriot quarters of mixed villages have already been electrified, there are over 100 Turkish Cypriot villages still without electricity. As regards Turkish Cypriot villages previously scheduled for electrification (S/108U2, paragraph ^5)9 the work has been completed in all the villages with the exception of some areas in the vicinity of Lirnnitis, where householders refuse to make the required payments. The Government contends that the main difficulty in the way of electrification of additional Turkish Cypriot villages is the restriction on the freedom of movement of EAC employees. The Turkish Cypriot leadership, however, maintains that no restrictions are placed on such employees where adequate notice is given in advance. In UNFICYP's view, many of these difficulties could be overcome if more flexibility were exercised by both parties and if UNFICYP's good offices were used more frequently. 3/109^0 English Page 19
66. The negotiations between the Government and ,the Turkish Cypriot leadership on the reintegration of Turkish Cypriots into the national social insurance scheme (S/10-8^2, paragraph kf) have been in abeyance for some time and have failed to provide a solution to this long-standing issue. In the meantime, UNFICYP has been negotiating Jfor a resumption of benefit payments to Turkish Cypriots who were receiving such payments before the troubles and for payment of old-age benefits to Turkish Cypriots who have met their obligations to the fund. It is encouraging to report that the Government has informed UNFICYP that payments will be made to these two categories of persons.
67. Practically no progress has been made during the period under review towards a solution of the problem of the Turkish Cypriot displaced persons (S/108U2, paragraph U8). There have been no negotiations on the general question for two years, but from time to time efforts are made to resettle abandoned villages. In Trapeza (S/108^2, paragraph U8) it appears that at least eight families, totalling some 35 people, are preparing to resume permanent residence. Another request for resettlement in the Turkish Cypriot village of Monarga, in Famagusta district, is under consideration by the Government.
68. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has again expressed its concern at the failure of the Government to issue birth certificates to Turkish Cypriots born since 196U. The Government contends that it cannot issue such certificates unless it has freedom of movement for its officials to make the necessary verifications. UNFICYP is assisting in the search for a solution, but no progress has been made.
69. The question of Grain Commission subsidies (S/108U2, paragraph 50) also remains unsolved. The Turkish Cypriot leadership objects to deductions made from the payment due to Turkish Cypriot producers on account of unpaid loans owed by Turkish Cypriot villages and has offered to discuss the settlement of the outstanding debts separately. Another aspect of this problem has recently been raised, namely, the payment of additional grain subsidies payable to especially indigent producers. Although Government payments have been made to Greek Cypriot producers for 1971 and 1972, no payments have yet been made to Turkish Cypriot farmers. At the time of writing, UHFICYP is pursuing both these matters. s 70. Because of the lack of rainfall, cereal crops will be most unsatisfactory during the current season, and 'steps have been taken by the Government to set aside sufficient seed for the next planting period. Various relief schemes covering both communities are being implemented or contemplated. Early in May, the Council of Ministers declared all areas of the six districts of the island as drought-stricken areas for the purpose of the law for relief aid to farmers. UNFICYP was informed that distribution of grain for relief of livestock affected by the drought would be provided to all stock owners without discrimination. Distribution began in April. Some difficulties arose initially because the Government's distribution scheme was based on the 1969 stock census, in which many Turkish Cypriots and some Greek Cypriots did not participate. UNFICYP understands that these difficulties have now been resolved and that the distribution is continuing satisfactorily. During the month of April, an intercommunal agricultural survey of the effects of the drought was carried out in the Nicosia and Kyrenia districts by teams composed of S/109^0 English Page 20
representatives of both communities who were accompanied by an UTJFICYP representative. The survey has covered nearly all the Turkish Cypriot villages in both districts, including Boghaza Geunyeli and Orta Keuy. Its success may be attributed to the excellent co-operation shown by both communities. It is expected that similar inter communal surveys will take place in the near future in the remaining districts.
71. U1FICYP has not been successful in its efforts to solicit the necessary financial support to build a new school for Turkish Cypriot children in Larnaca to replace the one that cannot be used (S/108^2, paragraph 53). UNFICYP is currently exploring the possibilities of an alternative solution.
72. Restriction on the freedom of movement of civilians still remains one of the most serious problems in the island (S/108^2a paragraph
73. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has protested against the inclusion of part of the area of the Turkish Cypriot village of Temblos within the boundaries of the municipality of Kyrenia., pointing out that the village authorities had not been consulted. The extension of the boundaries involves Snake Island and a narrow strip along the coast considered part of the area of Temblos village. The Government claims that the extension was carried out in the interests of better administration and that its action was taken in accordance with the law. S/109^0 English Page 21
TV. ' INTERCOMMUNAL TALKS AND GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
^ 71+. The intercommunal talks, reactivated on the "basis of the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/IOUOI, paragraph 79), have continued during the period covered by this report. As before, Mr. Glafcos. derides and Mr. Rauf Denktash represented the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. In addition to the two interlocutors, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr, B. F. Osorio-Tafall} has been taking part in the talks in exercise of the Secretary-General's good offices. Mr. G. Dekleris and Mr. 0. Aldikacti, the constitutional experts made available by the Governments of Greece and Turkey, have continued to attend the talks in an advisory capacity. The meetings took place, as in the past, alternately at the offices of the President of the House of Representatives and of the Chairman of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber. In addition, frequent meetings of the two constitutional experts were held during the period under review.
75- The fifth, and sixth'meetings of the fourth round of the intercommunal talks took place as scheduled on 6 and 8 December 1972, at which time it was decided to adjourn the talks until the opening of the fifth round on 11 January 1973., Because of the electoral campaign for the election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic , it was not possible to hold more than four meetings in the fifth round, and the intercommunal talks were again adjourned on 26 January 1973'* Twelve meetings of the sixth round were held from 1 March until 17 May, and the 'talks were resumed on 29 May, bringing to a total of ^3 the number of meetings held since the first of the reactivated talks on 3 July 1972. The two interlocutors have continued their practice of giving to the press, at the end of each meeting, an oral statement, usually reflecting in very general terms the subject-matter, pace and mood of the discussions. In view of misinterpretations by a sector of the press about the nature and scope of the reactivated intercommunal talks, it has been emphasized that the terms of reference for the participants were those spelt out in the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/10^01, paragraph 79) a-nd that they were dealing exclusively with constitutional questions.
76. The Greek Cypriot representative at the intercommunal talks, Mr. derides, confirmed to the journalists on 17 April that lie was considering whether or not. he would continue to serve as negotiator. In view of this development, I sent through my Special Representative a personal message to Mr. Clerides on 18 April in which I expressed the importance I attached to his continuing participation in the talks. On 2k April, Mr. derides made a statement in which he said:
"The reasons which compelled me to consider the advisability of continuing as Greek Cypriot interlocutor were due to the situation created.amongst the Greek Cypriots by the resort to violence of General Grivas' groups which resulted in the inadmissible use of counter-violence by elements supporting the Government of Cyprus.... Having considered carefully the personal message addressed to me by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Kurt ¥aldheim, the S/109^0 English Page 22
statement issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Greece, reaffirming in the most categorical terms the Greek Government's policy of securing a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem through the intercommunal talks and the request of the President of the Republic that I should continue to act as Greek Cypriot interlocutor, I have decided, for the time being, to continue representing the Greek Cypriot side in the talks."
77. Most of the fifth and sixth rounds were devoted to the analyses of the points of agreement and disagreement concerning the structure, functions and financing of local government bodies. By 17 May, Mr. Denktash had completed the presentation of the views and demands of his community on the local government issue. Mr. derides began to set out the Greek Cypriot position on this subject at the meeting of 29 May and was expected to complete his presentation in the next two or three meetings early in June. There are still some areas of disagreement, particularly in respect of the type and degree of supervision, other than judicial, that the State should exercise on local government authorities to ensure that their decisions are in accord with the basic laws of the country.
78. Mr. Clerides visited Athens from 23 to 26 May 1973. Upon his return to Nicosia, he said: "The object of my visit was to brief the Greek Government, as interlocutor, on all details of the talks, to make my own assessment of the prospects and to hear the Greek Government's assessment of the same prospects." In statements issued by the Greek Foreign Ministry and by Mr. Clerides on the results of the conversation in Athens, it was indicated that there had been "unanimous decisions on all matters discussed, and the correctness of the policy of seeking a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem, based on a unitary, sovereign and independent state, was reaffirmed".
79- I am informed by my Special Representative that during the period under review the intercommunal talks have been conducted in a constructive manner and that in his view there appears to be a good possibility that a substantial measure of agreement may be reached on questions of principle, although it is quite evident that much patient work will be needed to bring the negotiations to a satisfactory end. It is, of course, not yet possible to predict the final outcome of the intercommunal talks, inasmuch as all aspects of a settlement must be agreed upon by all concerned. But my Special Representative feels that in any case at least another four months of discussions will be needed.
80. Although this delay may seem disappointing, one should bear in mind the complexity of the 'problems involved, as well as the importance attached to each of them by the parties principally concerned. Wot only the substance of those problems but the words used to define them and their interpretation may become matters of lengthy and difficult debate.
81. In this connexion, it may be recalled that when the intercommunal talks began under the auspices of the Secretary-General in the spring of 1968, the Secretary- General indicated his understanding, which at the time seemed generally acceptable, that the search for an agreed solution of the Cyprus problem would be based on the English Page 23
concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus. However, after various problems had arisen in the talks, especially over the issue of local government, certain reservations were voiced by the Turkish Cypriot side concerning the use of the term "unitary", on the grounds that the parties attached different interpretations to it and that it could therefore lend itself to misunderstanding and even prejudge the nature of an ultimate agreed settlement. In this connexion, the Greek Cypriot side continues to regard the idea of a "unitary" State of Cyprus as essential for the success of the intercommunal talks.
82. I indicated in my last report (S/108^2, paragraph 80) my "belief that "the reactivated intercommunal talks are the best instrument for achieving a satisfactory, lasting and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate participation of the two communities". Obviously, the interpretation of these terms as well as the nature of the agreed final settlement should now emerge from the intercommunal talks themselves , where a spirit of statesmanship and mutual accommodation on both sides alone can achieve "an agreed outcome.
83. It is my earnest hope that, despite all the difficulties involved, the current negotiations will, lead to a mutually satisfactory agreement. I consider the reactivated intercommunal talks as a positive, constructive and valuable step for the settlement of the constitutional issues paving the way to the solution of the long-outstanding Cyprus problem. S/109^0 English Page 2k
V. MEDIATION EFFORT
8U. The situation regarding a resumption of the mediation function under paragraph 7 of Security Council resolution 186 (196^) has remained unchanged since the last report, owing primarily to the widely differing and firmly held views of the matter of the three Governments most directly concerned. S/109'UO English Page 25
VI. : FINANCIAL ASPECTS
85. Voluntary contributions in the amount of approximately $129.6 million have been paid to the UNFICYP Special Account by ^9 Member States and four non-member Governments in respect of the periods from the inception of the Force on 27 March 1^6'k to 15 June 1973. In addition, voluntary contributions from public sources, interest earned on investment of temporarily undisbursed funds and other miscellaneous income received by the Account have totalled about $1.5 million. Accordingly9 some $131.1 million have been made available to the, UNFICYP Special Account toward meeting the costs of UNFICYP to the United Nations'for"'"the periods through 15 June 1973.
86. The costs to be borne by the United Nations for the operation of UNFICYP for the periods..from the inception of the Force to 15 June 1973 are now estimated at $158.1 million. This figure, vhich takes into account the recent devaluation of the United States dollar, includes the direct cost to the United Nations of maintaining the Force in Cyprus, as well as the amounts to be paid to Governments providing contingents in respect of their extra and extraordinary costs, for which they seek to be reimbursed by the United Nations, but it does not include the amount that would be required for the final repatriation of contingents and liquidation of the Force.
87. The amount of $131.1 million so far received by UNFICYP Special Account falls short of the requirement of $158.1 million indicated above by approximately $27-0 million. However, in addition to the voluntary contributions that have already been paid to the Account, some $8.1 million are now expected to be received in due course against pledges made by Governments but not yet paid by them.
88. If to the amount of $131.1 million so far received the amount of $8.1 million of anticipated receipts is added, the UNFICYP Special Account can be expected to have available to it approximately $139.2 million. The difference between this figure and the costs-to be-met of approximately $158.1 million becomes $18.9 million. Accordingly, unless additional contributions from existing or new pledges are received before 15 June 1973, the UNFICYP Special Account deficit as of that date will be $18,9 million.
89. With -regard to the financial implications of a possible decision by the Security Council:, to/'extend-ttoe stationing of the. United" Nations. Peace-keeping-.Force in Cyprus for" six'''months beyond" 1J? June 197'3,'itj should-be; mentioned that the- Secretary-General .has initiated detailed studies'.-concerning" ways and means of- reducing the" United Nations commitment in Cyprus, to the extent possible in terms both of finance and manpower. Pending a decision in this regard, the cost estimates detailed below are' based on a continuation of UNFICYP at'its present strength. This would involve an'additionaQI'cost to the Organization, assuming' continuation'of1 •• present reimbursement-commitments', amounting-to approximately $7.5 million. .The estimated $0.5- million that would'be required for the final repatriation of contingents and liquidation costs has been excluded from the figures below for the sake of convenience. 3/109^0 English Page 26
UNFICYP COST ESTIMATES BY MAJOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENSE (in thousands of US dollars)
I. Operation costs incurred by the United Nations
Movement of contingents Operational expenses Rental of premises' ,- • . • Rations Non-military personnel, salaries, travel etc. 650 Miscellaneous and contingencies - 202 Total, part I 2,297
II. _ Reimbursement of extra costs of Governments providing contingents
Pay and allowances U,800 Contingent-owned equipment 375 Death and disability awards 50
Total, part II 5,225
GRAND TOTAL, parts I and II 7,522
90. The above costs do not reflect the full cost of UNFICYP to Member and non-member States, inasmuch as they exclude the extra costs that Members providing contingents or police units to the Force have agreed to absorb at their own expense rather than seek as reimbursement from the United Nations. Based on reports received from certain of the Governments providing contingents or police units to the Force, the estimated amounts of such extra costs that Governments would absorb at their own expense for an.additional six-month period, if the mandate of UNFICYP is extended and the Governments concerned agree to continue the present arrangements, are as follows: Australia" $200,000, Austria $160,000, Canada $863,600, I/ Denmark $230,000, Sweden $325,000 and United Kingdom $1,110,000. Finland and Ireland are also absorbing certain UNFICYP costs at their own expense. i 91. In order to finance the costs to the Organization of maintaining the Force for a period of six months after 15 June 1973 and to meet all costs and outstanding claims up to that date, it will be necessary for the Secretary-General to receive voluntary contributions to the UNFICYP Special Account^totalling $2fi.U million.
I/ Exclusive of the normal cost of pay and allowances. S/109^0 English Page 27
VII. OBSERVATIONS
92. While the main parties concerned are making a serious effort to agree through the intercommunal talks on a constitutional framework which will provide for the adequate participation of the two communities in the Government of the Republic, it has not so far proved possible to establish the general foundations for such an accord. Meanwhile the atmosphere of calm that is so necessary for the promotion of agreement has not'always been maintained during the period under review, which has been characterized especially by tension and sporadic violence within the Greek Cypriot community, as reported in another section of this report (see paragraph 55). It is evident that these developments have had an adverse affect on the intercommunal talks. Although the violence has been limited to the Greek Cypriot community, the Turkish Cypriots have expressed apprehension that the troubles might, either by accident or by design3 spill over into their own community. Any such development would certainly have an adverse effect on the talks. UWFICYP has kept a very close watch on the situation, and it is hoped that such a risk will not materialize. In this respect, it is reassuring that both the Governments of Cyprus and Greece have condemned the use of violence, irrespective of its origin.
93. Although there have been few intercommunal incidents during the period under review, little progress has been achieved in the field of military deconfrontation. The Government has continued to assert its willingness to accept general island-wide military deconfrontation provided the Turkish Cypriot leadership were willing to reciprocate. Since the leadership has indicated its inability for the time being to accept a general deconfrontation, the agreement of both sides is being sought to a limited measure of deconfrontation. The Government has informed UNFICYP that it is prepared to accept partial deconfrontation, provided that this would not give strategic or military advantages to one or the other side. This approach will be taken up with the Turkish Cypriot leadership. UWFICYP is ready to negotiate appropriate limited agreements to this end and to provide a military presence to ensure that there is no increased risk to the security of either community as a result. It is hoped that a successful initial step in this direction as an experimental measure during the coming months may help to generate confidence between the two communities and could well lead to a more general measure of military deconfrontation throughout the island. This would serve to reduce tension and would also create a situation in which a significant reduction of the United Nations Force might become possible. 9U. Progress in achieving a return to normal conditions has been noticeable slow. The public services rendered to members of the Turkish Cypriot community remain inadequate in some respects; indeed, the leadership has often expressed the view that UNFICYP does not pay enough attention to its complaints about alleged discriminatory treatment in the provision of public services, while placing too much emphasis on what it regards as relatively minor problems relating to the military status quo. It seems evident, however, that the Government's attitude in regard to normalizing public services in the area under Turkish Cypriot control is linked to the attitude of the Turkish Cypriot leadership concerning such matters as the maintenance of the military status quo and the freedom of movement of Greek S/109^0 English Page 28
Cypriot civilians. It is relevant here to repeat the comment in my last report (S/100ii2j paragraph 77): "All too often each side approaches the problems of normalization from the point of view of its "basic position; and, in the fear that any liberalizing move might benefit the opposing sidep hardships resulting from the existing situation tend to be overlooked".
95. Among the more encouraging features of the Cyprus situation is the rapid economic development that both communities are experiencing, although at an unequal rate (see paragraph 62). This development is benefiting both communities and is an important element in pointing the way towards peace and progress rather than to a resumption of intercommunal strife. It is obvious that if reasonable calm can be maintained and a solution to the underlying problems brought closer, the Cyprus economy will make further rapid progress, a development which should strengthen the desire of both communities for peace.
9^ . All the above considerations point to the importance and urgency of achieving a peaceful and agreed solution of the Cyprus problem. As I have repeatedly stated, the best way, in my opinion, to achieve this end is through the reactivated intercommunal talks. I have referred at some length to the current status of the talks and have expressed my own view of them and of the concepts underlying a possible solution earlier in this report (see chapter IV).
97. In the prevailing circumstances I consider it essential that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be maintained for a further limited period. I therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the mandate of UNFICYP for another period of six months until 15 December 1973. The Government of Cyprus as well as the Governments of Greece and Turkey have informed me of their concurrence with this recommendation.
90. The financial situation of UNFICYP continues to be precarious. Understandably enough, Governments providing contingents, as well as those that make voluntary financial contributions to UWFICYP, are becoming increasingly uneasy at the continuing United Nations commitment in Cyprus and at the delay in reaching the settlement called for by the Security Council in March
99- For some time now, I and my colleagues both at Headquarters and in Cyprus have been studying ways and means of reducing the United Nations commitment in terms both of finance and manpower. In my next report to the Council and in light of developments in the coming months, I intend to make appropriate recommendations in this regard, taking into account political and -military , as well as financial considerations. The feasibility of any such move will, of course, depend to a large extent on the progress of the intercommunal talks. Meantime, within the existing framework, I plan as soon as possible to make such economies as can be achieved without jeopardizing the effectiveness of the operation.
100. In concluding this report, I wish once more to place on record my gratitude to the Governments providing contingents to UNFICYP and to those that have made voluntary contributions for its maintenance for their continued support of this operation. I wish also 'to pay tribute to my Special Representative, to the Force Commander and to all the officers and men of UWFICYP, as well as its civilian staff. They have continued to carry out with exemplary efficiency and devotion the important task assigned to them by the Security Council. 32°30' 33°00' 33°30' 34-30'
iVote: One PI 1 Pan, (UK) and one PI UK A B3 (A ustria) MEDITERRANEAN SEA are permanently deployed at Camp UNFICYP, Nicosia to guard the Morphou Gate Compound {Arm* Storage}. One COY YKSP (Finland) See Report, paragraph '13. One Seel UNCIVPOL ISmalml One Seer UPICIVPOL (Austral DISTRICT HQ AUSTRIAN FIFLD HOSPITAL Del 84 Hel Sqn RAF HQPI3R 22eR (Canada) i UN Avn Fit AACIUKI Reserve PI 3R 22e R (Canada) / Rizokarpaso 38TplSqn (UK) Two Coys 3R 22c R (Canada BSon RHG/D (UK) Coy HQ YKSP (Finland) HQ UNFICYP One Coy YKSP (Finland) HQ UNCIVPOL (Austria! DISTRICT HQ Lnn Coy 3R22eR (Canada) DISTRICT HQ / Three Seers UNCIVPOL (Austria) HO Cny DANCnN XIX (Denmark) HQ Coy YKSP / HQ UNCIVPOL {Denmark) One Pi i } DANCON XIX IDentnaik] (Finland)/ Three Sects UNCIVPOL X*" (Denmark) Galatia ' Komi Kebir o ' o One Sect OANCON XIX OAyT Evstathios (Denmark) Cny HQ DAKUOrj XIX iDcnnurfc) . . „ Ardhana TmnPlsOANCniJ XIX (Denmark) Ayios Andronikos rnSbmo , 0 One Pi DANCON XIX (Denmark HO PI One Sect 50c (Sweden) FAMAGUSTA BAY • One Sec! bOc (Swede Cny HQUNAB 3 (Austria) IHCIVPI Cay (-1 UNAB 3|Ausnid) Pomoa (Sweden DISTRICT HQ HD Bn (Sweden Akaki — --UNCIVPOL DISTRICT HO One Coy 50c (Sweden) NICOSIAXDISTR Tim Seen UNCIVPOL (Sweilsnl
One Sect 3 R 22e R (Canada BAY
LIMASSOLr> ZO N Kill / \\OmSeaUKCIVPOilSmdenl DnePll ) UNAB 3 ioa Theo (Austria) Cape Kit! es) \ SECTOR HQ DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP 31 MAY 1973 One Coy 24 InlGp (Ireland) Pano Polemidhia
ISKOp' SECTOR HQ UNFICYP operational boundarie One Sect 1 Para One Coy 1 PaialUKI LIS1ASSOL (UK) District boundary I'.r,, HO EP1SKOPI BAY AKHOTIR1 BAY Two Seels UNAB 3 One Sect UNAB 3 ROTIRI Road lAuslnal (Austria Akroli SB A PI HO 1 Para (UK) I One Sect 1 Para (UK) One Sen 1 Para (UK) I "l "t" Airfield, airstrip One Sect UNAB 3 (Austria DISTRICT HO , Cape Gata I Sovereign Base Area Out Cny • I UNAB 3 UNCIVPOL ZONE HQ Hill Sect UNCIVPOL lOaitiaikl (Austria) Two Sect; UNCIVPOL lAt/stral/il 4000 Contour line (in feet) ZONE HQ AND DISTRICT HQ HO Coy 1 Para (UK) OneCoylPara(UK) 20 One Coy (- ) 1 Paia(UK) OneCoy(-) IPa.alUK) OntTpB Sqn RHG/D (UK) The boundaries slu/vn on this map do not imply affinal endorsement nr im-eptnin-e bv thv I'mli-d Nations. \ 32°30' 33°00' 33°30' ROUTING SLIP FICHE dE TRANSMISSION IMV KrvM /' FOR ACTION U POUR SUnfV DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE""' PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS . POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE ,1 1' NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
Date: FROM: DE: r~jTi'-S > «H^ I ^, CR. 13 (11-64) Di-tr GENERAL g/ 3| May 1973 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT BY THE SECEETABY-GENEItAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS (for the period 2 December 1972 toil cEas/a 1973)
"* . CONTENTS \ Page
INTRODUCTION .....,»..,..... I. THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IK CYPRUS ....
A. Composition and deployment .....e>.a
B. - Function and guiding principles 0 « <, « « a . "" C» Relations with the Government and with the Turkish Cypriot leadership ««o««o»i>><>*<><
Do Freedom of movement of the United Nations Force 0 . o II. ACTIVITIES TOWARDS PREVENTING A RECURRENCE OF FIGHTING AND - J'- CON'IIIIBUTIHG TO THE RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND
Ao Military situation 0 •<> a 0 a «"« « o a « " 1. Anaed 1'orceo in Cyprus other than UNFICYP . = t ~- e (a) Governtaeut armed forces „ . 0 0 » 0 . (b) Turkish Cypriot armed elements »„.,><, (c) Greek and Turliioh national contingents « «, » '" 2o General asseosHient of t,he situation with regard to preventing a recurrence of fighting « „ , , „ 3. Observance of the cease-fire « - o « • «. > « Bo Developments relating to the maintenance of law and order ,
III. ACTIVITIES TOY/AllDS A IlETUHN TO NORMAL CONDITIONS
IV. INTERCOiaiUNAL TALKS MB GOOD OFFICES OF TilK SECllETAHY-GENERAL . t
V. MEDIATION EFFORT , . . c „ e . , ,
/ VI. -FINANCIAL ASPECTS » . . . , e
'• VII. OBaERVATIONS ...... MAP DEPLOMDSNT OF UNFICYP AS AT 1 JUNE 1G73 - 26 -
IV. IWTERCOMMUMAL TALKS AMD GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
73. The intercommunal talks, reactivated on the basis of the Secregary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/10H01, para. 79)» have continued during the period covered by this report. As before, Mr. Glafcos Clerides and Mr. Rauf
Denktash represented the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities.
In addition to the two interlocutors, the Special Representative of the
Secretary-General, Mr. B.F. Osorio-Tafall, has been taking part in the talks in exercise of the Secretary-General's good offices. Mr. G. Dekleris and
Mr. 0. Aldikacti, the constitutional experts made available by the Governments>*6f
Greece and Turkey, have continued to attend the talks in an advisory capacity.
The meetings took place, as in the past, alternately at the offices of the
President of the House of Representatives and of the Chairman of the Turkish
Cypriot Communal Chamber. In addition, frequent meetings of the two constitutional experts were held during the period under review, • '--
7^. The fifth and sixth meetings of the fourth round of the intercommunal talks took place as scheduled on 6 and 8 December 1972, at which time it was decided to adjourn the talks until the opening of the fifth round on 11 January
1973. Because of the electoral campaign for the election of the President_ and
Vice-President of the Republic, it was not possible to hold more than four meetings in the fifth round and the intercommunal talks were again adjourned Twelve on 26 January 1973. / meetings of the sixth round were held frorn^ 1 March / -V until 17 May, and the talks were resumed on 29 May, bringing to a total of h3 the number of meetings held since the first of the reactivated talks on 3 July
1972. 75. The two interlocutors have continued their practice of giving to the press, at the end of each meeting, an oral statement usually reflecting in very general terms the subject matter, pace and mood of the discussions. In view of ; misinterpretations by a sector of the press about the nature and scope of the reactivated intercommunal talks, it has been emphasized that the terms of - 27 - of reference for the participants were those spelt out in the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 1.8 October 1971 (S/10^01, para. 79) and that they were dealing exclusively with constitutional questions.
76. The Greek Cypriot representative at the intercommunal talks, Mr. Clerides, confirmed to the journalists on 17 April that he was considering whether or not he would continue to serve as negotiator. In view of this development, I sent through my Special Representative a personal message to Mr. Clerides on 18 April in which I expressed the importance I attached to his continuing participation" in the talks. On 2k April, Mr. Clerides. made a statement in which he said: -'•
"The reasons which compelled me to consider the advisability of continuing as Greek Cypriot interlocutor were due to the situation created amongst the Greek Cypriots by the resort to violence of General Grivas' groups which resulted in the inadmissible use of counter-violence by elements supporting the Government of Cyprus..Having considered carefully the personal, message addressed to me by .the Secretary-General of the,'United Nations, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, the statement issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Greece, reaffirming in the most categorical terms the Greek Government's policy of securing a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem through the intercommunal talks and the request of the President of the Republic that I should continue to act as Greek Cypriot interlocutor, I have decided, for the time being, to continue representing the Greek Cypriot side in the talks". 77 Most of the fifth and sixth rounds were devoted to the analyses of the points of agreement and disagreement concerning the structure, functions and financing of local government bodies. Mr. Denktash has completed ^the presentation of the views and demands of his community on the local*government issue. At the next meeting of the intercommunal talks scheduled for 29 May,
.Mr. Clerides will start to set out the Greek Cypriot position on this subject.
There are still some areas of disagreement, particularly in respect of the type j and degree of supervision, other than judicial, that the State should exercise on local government authorities to ensure that their decisions are in accord with the basic laws of the country. I am informed by my Special Representative - 28 - that during the period under review the intercommunal talks have been conducted in a systematic and constructive manner and that in his view there appears to "be a good possibility that a substantial measure of agreement may be reached on questions of principle although it is quite evident that much patient work will be needed to bring the negotiations to a satisfactory end.
78. It is of course not yet possible to predict the final outcome of the intercommunal talks since the entire "package deal" must be agreed upon by all concerned. But my Special Representative feels that in any case at least another four months of discussions will be needed. r 79- This delay is naturally most disappointing to all those concerned with the Cyprus problem. However, one should bear in mind the complexity of the problems involved as well as the importance attached to each of them by the "•"' •. * parties principally concerned. Wot only the substance of those problems but also the words used to define them and their interpretation may become matters
of lengthy debate and intense controversy.
80. In this connexion it may be recalled that when the intercommunal talks began under the auspices of the Secretary-General in the spring of 1968, the
Secretary-General indicated his understanding that the search for an agreed solution of the Cyprus problem would be based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus. At that time, this concept seemed acceptable to all concerned. However, after various problems had arisen in the talks, especially over the issue of local government, certain reservations were
voiced by the Turkish Cypriot side concerning the use of the term "unitary", on
the grounds that the parties attached different interpretations to it and that
it could therefore lend itself to misunderstanding and even prejudge the nature of an ultimate agreed settlement. For its part, the Greek Cypriot side continues
to regard a solution based on a "unitary" state of Cyprus as essential for the success of the intercommunal talks. 29-
81. In my last report (S/108^2, para. 80) I restated my belief that "the reactivated intercommunal talks are the best instrument for achieving a satisfactory, lasting and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate participation of the two communities." Obviously, the exact terms of an agreed final settlement must now emerge from the intercommunal talks themselves. What matters therefore at this juncture, far more than -any form of words, is the spirit of statesmanship and mutual accommodation on both sides which alone can achieve an agreed outcome of those talks.
82. It is my earnest hope that despite all the difficulties involved the current negotiations will lead to a mutually satisfactory agreement. I consider the reactivated intercommunal talks as a positive, constructive and valuable step for the settlement of the constituional issues paving the way to the solution of the long-outstanding Cyprus problem. ..:>;.; ' . VII. OBSERVATIONS"'
: In my last report on Cyprus (S/108^2 para. 80) I wrote that to make possible the settlement of the Cyprus question two essential conditions would have' to be met. First, the parties concerned would have to exert a determined effort towards this objective, .including the willingness to make mutual ' concessions and accommodations whenever necessary. Second, the situation in • . .s . Cyprus must remain quiet, and inter-communal tension must be kept'to a minimum . • '•• while the talks go on. While the main parties concerned are making a serious effort to agree on a constitutional framework which will provide for the participation of the two communities in the Government of the Republic, the hope that the general foundations for such an agreement would be established before the end of May has not been fulfilled. Meanwhile the atmosphere of calm that is so necessary
.. r' *-"for the promotion of agreement has not always been maintained during the period under review, which has been characterized by tension and sporadic violence within the 'Greek Cypriot- community, as reported in another section of this report
(see para. 55). It is evident that these developments have had an adverse affect on the intercommunal talks. Although the violence has so.far been limited to
the Greek Cypriot community, the Turkish Cypriots have expressed apprehension
that the troubles might, either by accident or by design, spill over into their • •'own community. IMFICYP has kept a very close watch on these developments and is hopeful that such .a risk will not materialize. In this respect it is reassuring that both the Governments of Cyprus and Greece have condemned the use * , - . of violence, irrespective of its origin. .
Although there have been few inter communal incidents during the period under
review, little progress has been achieved in the field of military deconfrontation.
The Government continues to assert its willingness to accept general island-wide
military deconfrontation provided that the Turkish Cypriob leadership will reciprocate. The Turkish Cypriot leadership on the other hand has indicated its ''.'*. inability in the present circumstances to agree to a general deconfrontation.
U1IPICYP has repeatedly emphasized the importance of deconfrontation. In view of the positions of the parties-. concerned, it is its intention to seek, as a start, a limited measure of deconfrontation in certain selected and delineated areas .
U1FICYP is ready to negotiate appropriate limited agreements to this end and
to provide a military presence to ensure that there is no increased risk to the
security of either community as a result. s /^successful initial step in this . ' - r^ direction as an experimental measure during the corning months ifealeb, help to ~f '"• *. '^ generate confidence between the two communities and aould wejnb/ lead to a ' more general measure of military deconfrontation throughout the island. There has also been a lack of adequate progress in the normalization of public services to members of the Turkish Cypriot community, and more could certainly be done in this area. The Turkish Cypriot leadership has often ',.''' ' ' . • -.1 expressed the view that UNFICYP does not pay enough attention to its complaints
about alleged discriminatory treatment in the provision of public services, while • . • . ' tta. Cc efforts to persuade the Government to extend further public services to the areas under Turkish Cypriot control. It is relevant here to repeat the comment in ray last report (S/108U2 para.77): "All too often each side approaches the problems of normalization from the point of view of its basic position; and, in'"the fear that any liberalizing move might benefit the opposing side, hardships resulting from the existing situation tend to be overlooked." . '..'': In contrast to discouraging factors, there are fortunately a number of hopeful ones, particularly the rapid economic'development that both communities are experiencing, although at an unequal rate (see para ). This development is benefiting both communities and is an important element in pointing the way toward peace and progress rather than to a resumption of intercommunal strife. It is obvious that if the climate of calm can be maintained and a solution to the underlying problem;brought closer, the economy will make further rapid progress and the relations between members of the two communities should correspondingly improve. ;.,. .-.All the above considerations point to the importance and urgency of achieving a peaceful and agreed solution of the Cyprus problem. As I have repeatedly stated, the best way .in my opinion,to achieve this end is through the reactivated intercommunal talks. I have referred at some length to the current status of the talks and have expressed my own view of them earlier in this report (see paras. 73 - 82). In these circumstances I consider it essential that the United Nations .Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be maintained for a further limited period. I • therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the mandate of UWFICYP for another period of six months until 15 December 1973. The Government of Cyprus as well as the Governments of Greece and Turkey have informed me of their concurrence with this recommendation. From the point of view of the United Nations the present situation is far Sj'iflfuf from satisfactory. The financial -side,of UMFICYP continues to be precarious. .[Understandably enough^Governments providing contingents as well as those who .make voluntary financial contributions to UNFICYP are becoming increasingly tineasy at the continuing United Nations commitment in Cyprus and at the ' apparent lack of progress towards the settlement called for by the Security . -Council in March ;. • For some time now I and my colleagues both at Headquarters and in Cyprus ..have been studying ways and means of reducing the United Nations commitment in ' *, terms', both of finance and manpower. £ny basic change in the establishment and functioning of UNFICYP would require a decision of the Security Council involving as it would a change in the original mandate . In my next report to the Council and in the light of developments in the coming months, I intend to make appropriate recommendations in this regard. Meantime within the existing framework I plan/to make such economies as can be achieved without jeopardizing ' . the effectiveness of the operation. rA-*egosi~-6a^hirS--Hi£yfe;be3?^^ In concluding this report I wish once more to- place on record my gratitude to the Governments providing contingents to UNFICYP and to those which have made "*."''• * voluntary contributions for its maintenance for their continued support of this .. / • . - ' -.•••} operation. I wish also to pay tribute to my Special Representative, to the Force '*>*':?-• Commander, and to all the officers and men of UBFICYP as well as its civilian • ' staff. They i have continued to carry out with exemplary efficiency and devotion •'••'.: the important task assigned to them by the Security Council. - 26 - IV. IHTERCOMMlfflAL TALKS AND GOOD OFFICES OF THE SECRETARY-GMERAL 73. The intercommunal talks, reactivated on the basis of the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/10U01, para. 79), have continued during the period covered by this report. As before, Mr. Glafcos derides and Mr. Rauf Denktash represented the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. In addition to the two interlocutors, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. B.F. Osorio-Tafall, has been taking part in the talks in exercise of the Secretary-General's good offices. Mr. G. Dekleris and Mr. 0. Aldikacti, the constitutional experts made available by the Governments of Greece and Turkey, have continued to attend the talks in an advisory capacity. The meetings took place, as in the past, alternately at the offices of the President of the House of Representatives and of the Chairman of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber. In addition, frequent meetings of the two constitutional experts were held during the period under review. 7^. The fifth and sixth meetings of the fourth round of the intercommunal talks took place as scheduled on 6 and 8 December 1972, at which time it was decided to adjourn the talks until the opening of the fifth round on 11 January 1973. Because of the electoral campaign for the election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic, it was not possible to hold more than four meetings in the fifth round and the intercommunal talks were again adjourned Twelve on 26 January 1973. / meetings of the sixth round were held from 1 March until 17 May, and the talks were resumed on 29 May, bringing to a total of h3 the number of meetings held since the first of the reactivated talks on 3 July 1972. 75. The two interlocutors have continued their practice of giving to the press, at the end of each meeting, an oral statement usually reflecting in very general terms the subject matter, pace and mood of the discussions. In view of misinterpretations by a sector of the press about the nature and scope of the reactivated intercommunal talks, it has been emphasized that the terms of - 27 - of reference for the participants were those spelt out in the Secretary-General's aide-memoire of 18 October 1971 (S/lOUOl, para. 79) and that they were dealing exclusively with constitutional questions. 76. The Greek Cypriot representative at the intercommunal talks, Mr. derides, confirmed to the journalists on 17 April that he was considering whether or not he would continue to serve as negotiator. In view of this development, I sent through my Special Representative a personal message to Mr. Clerides on 18 April in which I expressed the importance I attached to his continuing participation in the talks. On 2k April, Mr. Clerides made a statement in which he said: "The reasons which compelled me to consider the advisability of continuing as Greek Cypriot interlocutor were due to the situation created amongst the Greek Cypriots by the resort to violence of General Grivas' groups which resulted in the inadmissible use of counter-violence by elements supporting the Government of Cyprua... Having considered carefully the personal message addressed to me by the Secretary-General of the United Wat ions, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, the statement issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Greece, reaffirming in the most categorical terms the Greek Government's policy of securing a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem through the intercommunal talks and the request of the President of the Republic that I should continue to act as Greek Cypriot interlocutor, I have decided, for the time being, to continue representing the Greek Cypriot side in the talks". i points of agreement and disagreement concerning the structure, functions and financing of local government bodies. Mr. Denktash isas-completed the presentation of the views and demands of his community on the local government <^^~- {1\>/" &~- issue., .At the next- meeting ,&f* the-intereommunal-talks- scheduled-for 29 May, Mr. Clerides v-arii start/to 'set out the Greek Cypriot position on this subject. There are still some areas of disagreement, particularly in respect of the type and degree of supervision, other than judicial, that the State should exercise on local government authorities to ensure that their decisions are in accord "TV with the basic laws of the country. /[-I" am informed by my Special Representative 77. Most of the fifth and sixth rounds were devoted to the analyses of the points of agreement and disagreement concerning the structure, functions and financing of local government bodies, Mr. Denktash completed the presentation of the views and demands of his community on the local government issue, and at the last meeting, on 29 May, Mr. derides started to set out the Greek Cypriot position on this subject. There are still some areas of disagreement, particularly in respect of the type and degre of supervision, other than judicial, that the State should exercise on local government authorities to ensure that their decisions are in accord with the basic laws of the country. - 28 - 78. Mr. derides visited Athens from 23 to 26 May 1973. Upon his return to Nicosia he said: "The object of my visit was to brief the Greek Government, as interlocutor, on all details of the talks, to make my own assessment of the prospects, and to hear the Greek Government's assessment of the same prospects." In statements issued by the Greek Foreign Ministry and by Mr. derides on the results of the conversation in Athens it was indicated that there had been "unanimous decisions on all matters discussed, and the correctness of the policy of seeking a peaceful solution of the Cyprus problem, based on a unitary, sovereign and independent state, was re-affirmed. 79. I am informed by my Special Representative that during the period under review the intercommunal talks have been conducted in a constructive manner and that in his view there appears to be a good possibility that a substantial measure of agreement may be reached on questions of principle^ although it is quite evident that much patient work will be needed to bring the negotiations to a satisfactory end. It is of course not yet possible to predict the final outcome of the intercommunal talks since all aspects of a settlement must be agreed upon by all concerned. But my Special Representative feels that in any case at least another four months .A -mbstj'_disappointing to all those concerned with the'Cyprus-problem;1 ^-However/-one should bear in mind the complexity of the problems involved as well as the importance attached to each of them by the parties principally concerned. Not only the substance of those problems but also the words used to define them and their interpretation . may become matters of lengthy/debate 'afid-4ajbense;;:btnrtTcyrer^r; - 29 - 81. In this connexion it may be recalled that when the intercommunal talks began under the auspices of the Secretary-General in.the spring of 1968, the Secretary-General indicated his understanding//that the search for an agreed solution of the Cyprus problem would be based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus. thaf^£ime, tln^"Coritrei5t~B€emed™accep±abl«~to-al-l-- concerned |" However, after various problems had arisen in the talks, especially over the issue of local government, certain reservations were voiced by the Turkish Cypriot side concerning the use of the term "unitary", on the grounds that the parties attached different interpretations to it and that it could therefore lend itself to misunderstanding and even prejudge the nature of an ultimate agreed settlement. In this connexion, the Greek Cypriot side continues to regard the idea of a "unitary" state of Cyprus as essential for the success of the intercommunal talks. - ?indicated in my last report (S/108U2, para. 80).^~tfea6 my belief that "the reactivated intercommunal talks are the best instrument for , achieving a satisfactory, lasting and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate participation of the two communities". Obviously, the interpretation of these terms as well as the nature of the agreed final settlement should now emerge from the intercommunal talks themselves, where a spirit of statesmanship and mutual accommodation on both sides alone can achieve an agreed outcome. 83. It is my earnest hope that despite all the difficulties involved the current negotiations will lead to a mutually satisfactory agreement. I consider the reactivated intercommunal talks as a positive, constructive and valuable step for the settlement of the constitutional issues paving the way to the solution of the long-outstanding Cyprus problem. VII. OBSERVATIONS While the main parties concerned axe making a serious effort to agree through the intercommunal talks on a constitutional framework which will provide for the adequate participation of the two communities in the Government / jT /L *—t -t'tM ""^ /M A^'^wV^; /"V-jn, ,^_^ of the Republic, fche-liope-±H§.t_the_general- fc/undat£ons-for such janjic cord .* -has -not-been fulfilled. Meanwhile the atmosphere of calm that is so necessary for the promotion of agreement has not always been maintained during the period under review, which has been characterized especially by tension and sporadic violence within the Greek Cypriot community, as reported in another section of this report (see para. 55) • It is evident that these developments have had an adverse affect on the intercommunal talks. Although the violence has -/-so— far( been limited to the Greek Cypriot community, the Turkish Cypriots have expressed apprehension that the troubles might, either by accident or by design, spill over into their own community. Any such development would certainly have an adverse effect on the talks. UHFICYP has kept a very close watch on the situation and it is hoped that such a risk will not materialize. In this respect it is reassuring that both the Governments of Cyprus and Greece have condemned the use of violence, irrespective of its origin. Although there have been few intercommunal incidents during the period under review, little progress has been achieved in the field of military deconfrontation. The Government has continued to assert its willingness to accept general island-wide military deconfrontation provided the Turkish Cypriot leadership were willing to reciprocate. Since the Leadership has indicated its inability for the time being to accept a general deconfrontation, the agreement of both sides is being sought to a limited measure of deconfrontation. The Government has informed UUFICYP that it is prepared to accept partial deconfrontation, provided that this would not give strategic or military advantages to. one or the other side. This approach will be taken up with the Turkish Cypriot Leadership. UHFICYP is ready to negotiate appropriate limited agreements to this end and to provide a military presence to ensure that there is no increased risk to the security of either community as a result. It is hoped that a successful initial step in this direction as an experimental measure during the coming months may help to generate. confidence between the two communities and could well lead to a more general measure of military deconfrontation throughout the island. - 2 - This would serve to reduce tension and would also create a situation in v l i which a sutJStalpnra•••'~V\ Y -*-v7T t reductio£ "L <-,. hn of the U.I. Force might "become possible. - uf ptibl-ic-se^yic£S-4ie-memb er s of the— T-urki ^h— nypr^ The Turkish Cypriot leadership has often expressed the view that UNFICYP does not pay enough attention to its complaints about alleged discriminatory treatment in the provision of public services , while placing too much emphasis on what it regards as relatively minor problems relating to the military status quo. It seems evident, however, that the careful maintenance of the military status quo is > inevitably linked to the tSizecess-of— efforts to -persuade the Governmentr - A 1 V,,/ V-'-U'-'-U't° V extend"""H-'j furthe r public services to the areas under Turkish Cypriot { control, -if It is relevant here to repeat the comment in my last report (S. 108^2, para. 77): "All too often each side approaches the problems of normalization from the point of view of its basic position; and, in the fear that any liberalizing move might benefit the opposing side, hardships resulting from the existing situation tend to be overlooked." Among the more encouraging features of the Cyprus situation is the rapid economic development that both communities are experiencing, although at an unequal rate (see para. ). This development is benefiting both communities and is an important element in pointing the way toward peace and progress rather than to a resumption of intercommunal strife. It is obvious that if reasonable calm can be maintained and a solution to the underlying problems brought closer, the Cyprus economy will make further rapid progress , a development which should strengthen the desire of both communities for peace. All the above considerations point to the importance and urgency of achieving a peaceful and agreed solution of the Cyprus problem. As I have repeatedly stated, the best way, in my opinion, to achieve this end is through the reactivated intercommunal talks. I have referred at some length to the current status of the talks and have expressed my own view of them, and of the concepts underlying a possible solution, earlier in this report (see paras. 73 - 82). - 3 - In the prevailing circumstances I consider it essential that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus "be maintained for a further limited period, I therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the mandate of UNFICYP for another period of six months until 15 December 1973. The Government of Cyprus as well as the Governments of Greece and Turkey have informed me of their concurrence with this recommendation. The financial situation of UNFICYP continues to be precarious. Understandably enough Governments providing contingents as well as those which make voluntary financial contributions to UNFICYP are becoming increasingly uneasy at the continuing United Nations commitment in Cyprus and at the delay in reaching the settlement called for by the Security Council in March 196U. For some time now I and my colleagues both at Headquarters and in Cyprus have been studying ways and means of reducing the United Nations commitment in terms both of finance and manpower. Any— iaag-in flhari.gg_ in . -would requi-ge--ar-dgc-i^ion— of my next report to the Council and in the light of developments in the coming months, I intend to make appropriate recommendations in this regard taking into account political and military, LJ£? as well as financial considerations O I S KS (P I 1 ^^^^^ 29 January 1973 C Vx \J 1^ v* I L "^sj^^l^jS? ORIGINAL : ENGLISH REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS Addendum 1. The present addendum is. circulated in order to inform the Security Council about recent amendments to the agreement of 31 March 196^ between the United Nations and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus concerning the status of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (8/563^). The purpose of the amendments is to facilitate the settlement of disputes arising out of traffic accidents occurring "between vehicles belonging to or -being used on behalf of the Republic of Cyprus and vehicles belonging to or being used on behalf of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). 2. By letters dated IT April 1972, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus, on behalf of the Secretary-General, and the Foreign Minister of Cyprus, on' behalf of the Government of the Republic, agreed on the text of the amendments (see annex), which, would have effect retroactively from 31 March 196k. It was further agreed that the exchange of letters of 17 April be considered as constituting an agreement between the United Nations and Cyprus, subject to the enactment of the relevant Cyprus legislation. UNFICYP was informed on. lU December 1972 that the amendments had been ratified and a. relevant law passed by the House of Representatives on 28 September. 73-02089 S/563VAdd.l English Annex Page 1 AUMEX Amendments to paragraph 38 of the agreement dated 31 March 196h between the United Nations and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus concerning; the status of the United Nations Peace- keeping Force in Cyprus 1. In subparagraph (a), amend the words "in subparagraphs (b) and (c) following." to read "in subparagraphs (b), (c) and (d) following." « 2. In subparagraph (b) , insert the words "Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (c) below," before the words "any claim made by". 3. After subparagraph (b) , insert a new subparagraph (c) to read as follows: "Any claim made by the Force or the Government against each other arising out of any traffic accident occurring between vehicles belonging to or hired by the Republic of Cyprus used officially at the time of accident and vehicles belonging to or hired by the Force or any of its national contingents used officially at the time of accident shall be considered as non-existent". k. Renumber existing subparagraph (c) as subparagraph (d).