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A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15Th-18Th Centuries - Part Two
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15th-18th Centuries - Part Two Wire-Strung Instruments in the 16th Century ment and was used in a multitude of countries and regions. Al- Most of the wire-strung instruments from the 15th century though most players today think of the cittern as a single type of discussed in part one — such as the harpsichord, psaltery, and instrument, there were in fact many different types, each signifi- Irish harp — continued to be used on a regular basis throughout cantly different enough from the others so as to constitute separate the 16th century (and they would continue to be used into the 18th). instruments. However, almost all citterns have in common a tuning The major exception to this was the Italian cetra, which disap- characterized by the intervals of a 5th between the third and second peared at the end of the 15th century only to evolve into many dif- courses and a major 2nd between the second and first courses, and ferent forms of citterns. one or more re-entrantly tuned strings. Historically, the 16th century heralds the beginning of ma- jor shifts in thinking that led to experimentation and innovation Diatonic 6- and 7-Course Cittern in many aspects of life. Times were changing: from the discovery This was the earliest form of cittern used, possibly devel- of the “New World” that had begun at the end of the 15th century, oped from the cetra late in the 15th or early in the 16th century, and to the shifts in politics, power, religion, and gender roles that oc- it was definitely still in use into the 17th century. -
The Lute Society Microfilm Catalogue Version 2 12/13 the List Is Divided by Instrument. Works for Renaissance Lute with Voice A
The Lute Society Microfilm Catalogue Version 2 12/13 The list is divided by instrument. Works for Renaissance lute with voice and in ensemble are separated because of the size of the main list. The categories are: Renaissance lute Renaissance lute with voice Renaissance lute in ensemble (with other instruments) Lute in transitional tunings (accords nouveaux) Vihuela Baroque lute Renaissance guitar Baroque guitar Bandora Cittern Mandore Orpharion Theorbo Musical scores without plucked instrument tablature Theoretical works without music The 'Other instruments' column shows where there is music in the work for other listed instruments. The work also appears in the other list(s) for ease of reference. The list is sorted by composer or compiler, where known. Anonymous manuscripts are listed at the end of each section, sorted by shelf mark. Date references are to HM Brown Instrumental Music printed before 1600. Where the date is asterisked the work is not in Brown. Tablature style is shown as French (F), German (G), Italian (I), Inverted Italian (II) or Keyboard (K) The Collection and MCN fields identify each reel and the collection to which it belongs. Renaissance Lute Other Composer/ Compiler Title Shelf Mark or HMB Tab Format Coll MCN Duplicates Notes Instrument(s) Intabolatura di Julio Abondante Sopra el Julio Abondante 1546 I Print MP 59 Lauto Libro Primo 1 Julio Abondante Intabolatura di Lauto Libro Secondo 15481 I Print MP 60 GC 195 Intabolatura di liuto . , novamente Julio Abondante ristampati, Libro primo 15631 I Print MP 62 GC 194, -
The Renaissance Cittern
The Renaissance Cittern Lord Aaron Drummond, OW [email protected] 1. HISTORY,DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUC- while chromatic citterns are more associated with Italian TION and English music. [3] As far as the body of the instrument goes, citoles and ear- The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the lier citterns had the back, ribs and neck carved from a single medieval citole. The citole was a small, flat-backed instru- block of wood with the soundboard and fingerboard being ment with four strings. It was usually depicted as having added. Later citterns were constructed from a flat back, frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. The citole bent ribs and separately carved neck, which cut down on in turn may have developed from a kind of ancient lyre called the materials cost. [10] Constructed citterns differ in con- a kithara by adding a fingerboard and then gradually remov- struction from lutes in that in citterns the back is made ing the (now redundant) arms. [1] The cittern may have been from a single flat piece of wood, whereas the lute has a large viewed as a revival of the ancient Greek instrument despite number (typically ten or more) of ribs which must be sep- being quite different in form. The word kithara also evolved arately bent and joined to the achieve the \bowl" shape. into the modern word guitar. This made lutes substantially more difficult to build as well Some modern instruments such as the German waldzither as more delicate than the cittern. Internally there are braces (literally `forest-cittern') and various Iberian instruments to strengthen the back and the soundboard, but like the lute, (Portuguese guitar, bandurria, etc) claim some descent from guitar, viol, etc there is no soundpost or bass bar. -
Who's Afraid of the Diatonic Cittern?
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig Who’s Afraid of the Diatonic Cittern? Of all the period wire-strung instruments I play or have F G A B [C]. This is true for any major scale in any key, e.g. F G A played, my favorite by far is the Franco-Flemish 4-course diatonic Bb C D E [F]. Despite the flattening of the “B” in a F-major scale, cittern. However, it is an instrument that very few early music enthu- each note name (A through G) is used only once or in one quality siasts have taken up, and it is met with strange stares by musicians or form (natural, flat, or sharp). Furthermore, one is not limited to and early music enthusiasts alike more times than I care to recount. major keys: one could change the starting note of each scale and, But what can one expect? Even the spell-check on my computer’s using only the natural (white) keys of the piano, still have a diatonic word processor suggests diabolic as a correction for diatonic! scale—which is exactly how jazz gets its various modes. The im- That said, the diatonic cittern’s general neglect by the early portant component here is that the notes of the scale are comprised music community today is decidedly undeserved. Diatonic fretting of only one kind or quality of note per note name—in other words, was not a passing fad or an archaism that was quickly replaced by chromatic fretting. Rather, the diatonic fretting pattern was used on citterns from the earliest decades of the 16th century through the end of the 18th––even though chromatic fretting was used on the Figure 1: Diatonic cittern from Pierre Phalèse and Jean Bellère’s Hortulus Cytharae, 1570. -
Copyright by Gary Dean Beckman 2007
Copyright by Gary Dean Beckman 2007 The Dissertation Committee for Gary Dean Beckman Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Sacred Lute: Intabulated Chorales from Luther’s Age to the beginnings of Pietism Committee: ____________________________________ Andrew Dell’ Antonio, Supervisor ____________________________________ Susan Jackson ____________________________________ Rebecca Baltzer ____________________________________ Elliot Antokoletz ____________________________________ Susan R. Boettcher The Sacred Lute: Intabulated Chorales from Luther’s Age to the beginnings of Pietism by Gary Dean Beckman, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2007 Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge Dr. Douglas Dempster, interim Dean, College of Fine Arts, Dr. David Hunter, Fine Arts Music Librarian and Dr. Richard Cherwitz, Professor, Department of Communication Studies Coordinator from The University of Texas at Austin for their help in completing this work. Emeritus Professor, Dr. Keith Polk from the University of New Hampshire, who mentored me during my master’s studies, deserves a special acknowledgement for his belief in my capabilities. Olav Chris Henriksen receives my deepest gratitude for his kindness and generosity during my Boston lute studies; his quite enthusiasm for the lute and its repertoire ignited my interest in German lute music. My sincere and deepest thanks are extended to the members of my dissertation committee. Drs. Rebecca Baltzer, Susan Boettcher and Elliot Antokoletz offered critical assistance with this effort. All three have shaped the way I view music. -
The Portuguese Guitar: History and Transformation of an Instrument Associated with Fado
THE PORTUGUESE GUITAR: HISTORY AND TRANSFORMATION OF AN INSTRUMENT ASSOCIATED WITH FADO NUNO JOSÉ DOS SANTOS ANAIA CRISTO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MUSIC YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JANUARY 2014 © Nuno José dos Santos Anaia Cristo 2014 ABSTRACT Since the mid-nineteenth century the Portuguese guitar has been connected to the fado genre. Over the years, both the instrument and the song genre have experienced significant transformations, at times related to aesthetic changes, at other times conditioned by social, political and economic alterations. This thesis focuses on the historic organological development of the Portuguese guitar, as an instrument associated with fado, and explores how the Lisbon guitar model has been progressively replaced by the Coimbra guitar model (both in practice and iconic symbolism). I argue that this tendency is related to the current new era of Portuguese guitar practice with its origins in the post-revolutionary period lived in Portugal after the political overthrow in 1974. My study is based on the review and analysis of the most recent works on the subject, fieldwork among players and makers, iconographic and archival research, and my own experience as a player and maker of both models of the Portuguese guitar. ii DEDICATION To my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to: York University for the 2012 GS-CUPE Unit 1 Graduate Financial Assistance - Dom Award. The Faculty of Graduate Studies for the allocation of the 2012-2013 Fieldwork Fund, without whose generous financial assistance this research would have not been possible; My supervisor Louise Wrazen and secondary reader Judith Cohen for all their encouragement, help and insightful advice throughout this process; My teachers at York University: Rob van der Bliek, Robert Witmer, Robert Simms, Trichy Sankaran, and Sherry Johnson. -
LG2004.Thecittern0541 001.Pdf
IMPRESSIJM Herausgegeben im AuftLag der Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein von Monika Lustig PF 24, D-38881 Blankenburg Redaktion: Birgt Abels, Monika Lustig, Sabine Reitz, Susan Rennie Unxchlaggestaltung, Sau: Susan¡ OndrciMeyerhuber Abbilrlungen auf dem Unmchlag: Unbekannter r\'fale¡/oye use compagnie a.utvr d'une túle,Rom, l. Hdlfte des 17. Jahrliunderls (RMN/Musée du louvre/llervé Lew-andowskÆertrieb: bpk Berlin); Guillaume Morlaye ,I¿ Premiet liu'e de chausons, Paris 1552, Titelblatt; Musiknstrumente aus MichaelPtætonw,Sytûagma mtxhum,Bd-Il: De 1lganog'aþhin,Wolfenbüttel 1619, Reprint Kassel usw 1996. Dæ Werk einschljeßtch aller seiner Teile ist urheben'æhdich geschützt. Jede Veruertung außerhalb der engen Grenæn des Urhebenæhtes ist ohne schrjftliche Zustjmmung der Verlage bzw des Herausgeben unzuläsig und strafbar. Dia gilt insbesondere fur Vewielfd.ltigungen, Übenetzungen, Mikoverfilmungen und die digitale Speichenurg und Verarbeitung. @ 2004, Stiftung Ko$e¡ Michaelstein und @ 2004, vERLAG JANOS STEKOVTCS, Dößel Printd on dema¡d in Dößel (Saalkrcis) ISBN 3-89512-125-8 Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein ISBN 3-89923-078-7 Vbrlag Janos Stekovia Bibliografische lnformation Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek veøeiclinet diae Publikation in der Deubchen Nationalbibliograiie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Intemet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufba¡. Bibliogaphic information published by Die Deutsche ßibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek liss this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detaild bibliographic dâta is available in the Intemet at lrtto://dnb.ddb.de. MICHAETSTEINER KONFERENZBERICHTE Band 66 Gitarre und Zister Bauweise, Sþieltechnik und Geschichte bis 1800 22. Musikinstrumentenb au-Symposium Michaelstein, 16. bis 18. November 2001 Im Auftrag der Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein herausgegeben von Monika Lustig STIFTUNG KLOSTER MICHAELSTEIN uNd VERLAG JANOS STEKOVICS 78 Sebætián Núñez and Verónica Estevez 70 r$il;3 ñ- Louis Peter Grijp =sÍS¡ k¡-:5{¡7:l---:Et=='¡È f-F.-flrl The cittern of Sweelinck and Vermeer. -
The Stringing of the 5-Course Guitar
THE STRINGING OF THE 5-COURSE GUITAR Monica Hall Introduction This is a survey of information about the stringing of the 5-course guitar in the 17th and early 18th centuries, taken from original documents of the period. It is not exhaustive, but it includes the most important sources. The guitar was double strung - that is each "course" comprised two strings, although the first course was usually a single string. It was tuned in 4ths with a major 3rd between the second and third courses. Scordatura or irregular tunings were often used, but do not affect the way in which the instrument is strung. When pitch is indicated, the first course is usually tuned to the nominal pitch e’ as on the classical guitar, although a few sources give d’ as an alternative. The strings of the second and third courses were tuned in unison. The main part of this survey deals with the different methods of stringing the fourth and fifth courses, with or without low octave strings (usually referred to as bourdons ). It is arranged under three main headings – 1. Spain; 2. Italy; 3. France, England and the Netherlands (including Belgium). This arrangement is intended to bring together information from clearly defined geographical areas, written in the same language, Spanish, Italian and French. There are some exceptions. Briçeño's book is in Spanish but was printed in France and GB:Och Ms.1187 is in English; both are included in the section dealing with France etc. Corbetta was Italian by birth but spent much of his career in England and in France. -
FELLOWSHIP of MAKERS and RESTORERS of HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS BULLETIN and COMMUNICATIONS APRIL 1976
FELLOWSHIP of MAKERS and RESTORERS of HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS BULLETIN and COMMUNICATIONS APRIL 1976 CONTENTS page Frank Hubbard. An Appreciation 2 Bulletin no. 3. 6 1976 List of Members - First Supplement , as at 12th April 76 12 Com. 10. Attitudes to Musical Instrument Conservation and Restoration. G. Grant O'Brien. 15 Com. 11. Proposal for ?. Computer-Based Index of Data Concerning Historical Documents. Ian Theakston, 22 Com. 12. Musical Iristruments in Jean de Gerson's Tractatus de Canticis: A Sunopsis. Christopher Page. 26 Com. 13. Musical Instruments in Medieval Latin Biblical Glosses. Christopher Page. 28 Com. 14. References to String Materials in some Medieval Texts c.1050 - y c.1430. An Annotated Anthology. Christopher Page. 33 \0om. 15. Historical Background to the Strings Used by Calgut-Scrapers. Ephraim Segerman and Djilda Abbott. 42 ^ Com. 16. On the Palmer Orpharion. Ephraim Segerman and Djilda Aboott. 48 Com. 17. Regarding Lute Pegs and Bridges. Donna Gurry. 57 Com. 18. Review: James Blades and Jeremy Montagu, Early Percussion Instruments from the Middle Ages to the Baroque. Edmund A. Bowles. 59 Com. 19. Review; Jeremy Montagu, Making Early Percussion Instruments. Edmund A. Bowles. 65 Com. 20. Review: Sybil Marcuse, A Survey of Musical Instruments. Jeremy Montagu. 69 Bulletin no. 3: Late Additions. 72 Most members will be aware of the death of one of our fellows, Frank Hubbard, on the 25th February at the age of 55. The following by John Barnes expresses the loss we all feel. D.A. FRANK HUBBARD. «-.N APPRECIATION. The work for which Frar.K Hubbard will chiefly ce remembered is, of course, his COOK: Three Centuries of .larysicnora iakir.g, Harvard 196?. -
Dario Castello: in Stil Moderno Biagio Il Canzoniere Concerto Imperiale Concerto
MENU — TRACKLIST P. 4 ENGLISH P. 6 FRANÇAIS P. 11 DEUTSCH P. 16 SUNG TEXTS P. 22 MENU — TRACKLIST P. 4 ENGLISH P. 24 FRANÇAIS P. 69 DEUTSCH P. 114 SUNG TEXTS P. 162 CD I: Dialoghi Venetiani Recording: Boswill (CH), Alte Kirche, Januar 1995 CD II: Per la Settimana santa Recording: Mormont (B), église Saint-Michel, November 1995 CD III: Biagio Marini, Moderne e curiose inventioni Recording: Saint-Michel-en-Th iérache (F), église abbatiale, July 1996 CD IV: Dario Castello: In Stil Moderno Recording: Boswill (CH), Alte Kirche, Januar 1995 CD V: Per il Santissimo Natale Recording: Mormont (B), église Saint-Michel, March 1998 CD VI: Il Canzoniere 2 Recording: Bolland (B), église Saint-Apollinaire, November 1999 CD VII: Concerto Imperiale Recording: Bolland (B), église Saint-Apollinaire, October 2000 Artistic direction, recording & editing: Jérôme Lejeune Illustrations: Box: Bernardo Strozzi, Portrait of Claudio Monteverdi, Innsbruck, Tirol Landesmuseum / Ferdinandeum Photo: © akg-image / Erich Lessing Booklet cover: Lionello Spada (Parma, 1662), Un Concerto, Paris, Musée du Louvre Photo: © RNM ‒ R.G. Ojeda THE HERITAGE OF MONTEVERDI — 3 LA FENICE Jean Tubéry: conductor with the participation of Maria Cristina Kiehr: soprano Kathelijne Van Laethem: mezzo-soprano Stephan Van Dyck: tenor John Elwes: tenor Ulrich Messthaler: baritone DE DIALOGHI VENETIANI FR LA FENICE Jean Tubéry: conductor MENU EN Jean Tubéry: cornet / cornetto, mute cornet / cornetto muto Enrico Parizzi: violin/ violino, alto / viola da braccio Jean-Marc Aymes(a): organ / organo, harpsichord / clavicembalo (b) 4 Jörg-Andreas Bötticher : organ / organo, harpsichord / clavicembalo Christina Pluhar: theorbo / tiorba 1. Sonata sesta per due canti 5’04 Giuseppe SCARANI cornetto, violino, organo(b), clavicembalo(a), tiorba (fl .1628-1642) 2. -
Learning the Lute in Early Modern England, C. 1550-C. 1640
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES School of Music Learning the lute in early modern England, c.1550-c.1640 by Michael Gale Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2014 ABSTRACT This study explores the popularity of lute instruction in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England and the ways in which this accomplishment was used in constructions of social status. The opening chapter outlines the functions of the lute in early modern English culture and surveys previous research on the instrument and its repertory. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the hierarchical structure of Elizabethan society, highlighting shifting conceptions of “gentle” status during the sixteenth century. The complex position of music within early modern discourses on elite identity is discussed, alongside the potential of lute-playing skills to contribute towards social advancement. -
Title Flutes, Pipes, Or Bagpipes? Observations on the Terminology of Woodwind Instruments in Old and Middle Irish
Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Flutes, pipes, or bagpipes? Observations on the terminology of woodwind instruments in Old and Middle Irish Author(s) Bisagni, Jacopo Publication Date 2015-01 Bisagni, Jacopo (2015) ''Flutes, pipes, or bagpipes? Observations on the Terminology of Woodwind Instruments in Publication Old and Middle Irish'' In: Pádraic Moran; Immo Information Warntjes(Eds.). Early Medieval Ireland and Europe: Chronology, Contacts, Scholarship. A Festschrift for Dáibhí Ó Cróinín. Turnhout (Belgium) : Brepols. Publisher Brepols Link to publisher's https://doi.org/10.1484/M.STT-EB.5.103128 version Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/7075 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/M.STT-EB.5.103128 Downloaded 2018-12-15T10:37:42Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. ‘Flutes, pipes, or bagpipes? Observations on the Terminology of Woodwind Instruments in Old and Middle Irish’ Jacopo Bisagni ABSTRACT Old and Middle Irish sources offer a rich array of terms referring to woodwind instruments. However, terms like buinne, cúisech, cuisle, fetán, pípa, etc. are variously translated as ‘flute’, ‘whistle’, ‘pipe’, ‘bagpipe’ and the like, seemingly without much consideration for the organological reality underlying these lexical items. This article will look at the linguistic and textual evidence relating to some of these terms, with the aim of achieving a more precise identification of the musical