FELLOWSHIP of MAKERS and RESTORERS of HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS BULLETIN and COMMUNICATIONS APRIL 1976
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A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15Th-18Th Centuries - Part Two
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15th-18th Centuries - Part Two Wire-Strung Instruments in the 16th Century ment and was used in a multitude of countries and regions. Al- Most of the wire-strung instruments from the 15th century though most players today think of the cittern as a single type of discussed in part one — such as the harpsichord, psaltery, and instrument, there were in fact many different types, each signifi- Irish harp — continued to be used on a regular basis throughout cantly different enough from the others so as to constitute separate the 16th century (and they would continue to be used into the 18th). instruments. However, almost all citterns have in common a tuning The major exception to this was the Italian cetra, which disap- characterized by the intervals of a 5th between the third and second peared at the end of the 15th century only to evolve into many dif- courses and a major 2nd between the second and first courses, and ferent forms of citterns. one or more re-entrantly tuned strings. Historically, the 16th century heralds the beginning of ma- jor shifts in thinking that led to experimentation and innovation Diatonic 6- and 7-Course Cittern in many aspects of life. Times were changing: from the discovery This was the earliest form of cittern used, possibly devel- of the “New World” that had begun at the end of the 15th century, oped from the cetra late in the 15th or early in the 16th century, and to the shifts in politics, power, religion, and gender roles that oc- it was definitely still in use into the 17th century. -
A Harpsichord Odyssey
A Harpsichord Odyssey (II) by Edgar Hunt Major Benton Fletcher had acquired Old Devonshire House in 1934 when it was in a very poor state, cleaned it up, stripping off several coats of wall paper and plaster to reveal the original wood panelling, and made it a fit home for his collections. Built in the seventeenth century, it had been the town house of the Cavendish family, one of whom once rode his horse up the broad staircase for a wager. Now it was to provide the perfect setting for the Major's collection of early keyboard instruments and antique furniture. The Major himself, besides having been a soldier (he served in the Boer War and World War I), an egyptologist who had worked with Flinders Petrie and an artist (among other things he illustrated Braybrook's Pepys* Diary for Dent), had built up a collection of The first floor 'Great Chamber'. harpsichords and other early keyboard Old Devonshire House. (Photo: Country Life) instruments as he feared lest their tone quality instruments to be available for concerts (one might otherwise be lost to future generations. was regularly used for Bach performances at He strongly disapproved of the way the Westminster Abbey) and for students to modern harpsichord was going, with its metal practice on at 6d (=2ip) an hour. A Mr Irwin frame, row of pedals and lack of sonority, and Hinchliffe ARCM, who helped with the wanted his restoration and maintenance of his harpsichords, was available to teach, and Mrs Frances Jackson, his housekeeper, acted as curator. But the Major also wanted Old Devonshire House to become a centre for early music where anyone interested could also study the viola da gamba or recorder and join in ensembles with harpsichord continue. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title “Wond’rous Machines”: How Eighteenth-Century Harpsichords Managed the Human-Animal, Human-Machine Boundaries Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c83x38q Author Bonczyk, Patrick David-Jung Publication Date 2021 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles “Wond’rous Machines”: How Eighteenth-Century Harpsichords Managed the Human-Animal, Human-Machine Boundaries A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology by Patrick David-Jung Bonczyk 2021 © Copyright by Patrick David-Jung Bonczyk 2021 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION “Wond’rous Machines”: How Eighteenth-Century Harpsichords Managed the Human-Animal, Human-Machine Boundaries by Patrick David-Jung Bonczyk Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2021 Professor Mitchell Bryan Morris, Chair The tenuous boundaries that separate humans, animals, and machines fascinate and sometimes unsettle us. In eighteenth-century France, conceptions of what differentiates humans from animals and machines became a sustained topic of interest in spaces that were public and private, recreational and intellectual. This dissertation argues that eighteenth-century harpsichords were porous sites where performers, composers, artisans, academics, and pedagogues negotiated the limits of these fragile boundaries. French harpsichords are at the center of my dissertation because they embodied an experimental collision of animal parts and other biomatter, complex machinery, and visual and musical performance. Taken together, I consider the ways that instruments had social import apart from sound production alone, expanding the definition of ii “instrument” beyond traditional organological studies of style in craftsmanship and musical aesthetics. -
The Lute Society Microfilm Catalogue Version 2 12/13 the List Is Divided by Instrument. Works for Renaissance Lute with Voice A
The Lute Society Microfilm Catalogue Version 2 12/13 The list is divided by instrument. Works for Renaissance lute with voice and in ensemble are separated because of the size of the main list. The categories are: Renaissance lute Renaissance lute with voice Renaissance lute in ensemble (with other instruments) Lute in transitional tunings (accords nouveaux) Vihuela Baroque lute Renaissance guitar Baroque guitar Bandora Cittern Mandore Orpharion Theorbo Musical scores without plucked instrument tablature Theoretical works without music The 'Other instruments' column shows where there is music in the work for other listed instruments. The work also appears in the other list(s) for ease of reference. The list is sorted by composer or compiler, where known. Anonymous manuscripts are listed at the end of each section, sorted by shelf mark. Date references are to HM Brown Instrumental Music printed before 1600. Where the date is asterisked the work is not in Brown. Tablature style is shown as French (F), German (G), Italian (I), Inverted Italian (II) or Keyboard (K) The Collection and MCN fields identify each reel and the collection to which it belongs. Renaissance Lute Other Composer/ Compiler Title Shelf Mark or HMB Tab Format Coll MCN Duplicates Notes Instrument(s) Intabolatura di Julio Abondante Sopra el Julio Abondante 1546 I Print MP 59 Lauto Libro Primo 1 Julio Abondante Intabolatura di Lauto Libro Secondo 15481 I Print MP 60 GC 195 Intabolatura di liuto . , novamente Julio Abondante ristampati, Libro primo 15631 I Print MP 62 GC 194, -
Guide to the Dowd Harpsichord Collection
Guide to the Dowd Harpsichord Collection NMAH.AC.0593 Alison Oswald January 2012 Archives Center, National Museum of American History P.O. Box 37012 Suite 1100, MRC 601 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected] http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 2 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series 1: William Dowd (Boston Office), 1958-1993................................................ 4 Series 2 : General Files, 1949-1993........................................................................ 8 Series 3 : Drawings and Design Notes, 1952 - 1990............................................. 17 Series 4 : Suppliers/Services, 1958 - 1988........................................................... -
The Renaissance Cittern
The Renaissance Cittern Lord Aaron Drummond, OW [email protected] 1. HISTORY,DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUC- while chromatic citterns are more associated with Italian TION and English music. [3] As far as the body of the instrument goes, citoles and ear- The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the lier citterns had the back, ribs and neck carved from a single medieval citole. The citole was a small, flat-backed instru- block of wood with the soundboard and fingerboard being ment with four strings. It was usually depicted as having added. Later citterns were constructed from a flat back, frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. The citole bent ribs and separately carved neck, which cut down on in turn may have developed from a kind of ancient lyre called the materials cost. [10] Constructed citterns differ in con- a kithara by adding a fingerboard and then gradually remov- struction from lutes in that in citterns the back is made ing the (now redundant) arms. [1] The cittern may have been from a single flat piece of wood, whereas the lute has a large viewed as a revival of the ancient Greek instrument despite number (typically ten or more) of ribs which must be sep- being quite different in form. The word kithara also evolved arately bent and joined to the achieve the \bowl" shape. into the modern word guitar. This made lutes substantially more difficult to build as well Some modern instruments such as the German waldzither as more delicate than the cittern. Internally there are braces (literally `forest-cittern') and various Iberian instruments to strengthen the back and the soundboard, but like the lute, (Portuguese guitar, bandurria, etc) claim some descent from guitar, viol, etc there is no soundpost or bass bar. -
Who's Afraid of the Diatonic Cittern?
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig Who’s Afraid of the Diatonic Cittern? Of all the period wire-strung instruments I play or have F G A B [C]. This is true for any major scale in any key, e.g. F G A played, my favorite by far is the Franco-Flemish 4-course diatonic Bb C D E [F]. Despite the flattening of the “B” in a F-major scale, cittern. However, it is an instrument that very few early music enthu- each note name (A through G) is used only once or in one quality siasts have taken up, and it is met with strange stares by musicians or form (natural, flat, or sharp). Furthermore, one is not limited to and early music enthusiasts alike more times than I care to recount. major keys: one could change the starting note of each scale and, But what can one expect? Even the spell-check on my computer’s using only the natural (white) keys of the piano, still have a diatonic word processor suggests diabolic as a correction for diatonic! scale—which is exactly how jazz gets its various modes. The im- That said, the diatonic cittern’s general neglect by the early portant component here is that the notes of the scale are comprised music community today is decidedly undeserved. Diatonic fretting of only one kind or quality of note per note name—in other words, was not a passing fad or an archaism that was quickly replaced by chromatic fretting. Rather, the diatonic fretting pattern was used on citterns from the earliest decades of the 16th century through the end of the 18th––even though chromatic fretting was used on the Figure 1: Diatonic cittern from Pierre Phalèse and Jean Bellère’s Hortulus Cytharae, 1570. -
June 2020 ______Introduction 1
ISSUE No. 14 Published by ‘The British Harpsichord Society’ JUNE 2020 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION 1 A word from our Guest Editor - DAN McHUGH 2 FEATURES • Of keyboard Duets and Chess: REBECCA CYPESS 4 Sympathy and Play in the Enlightenment Salon • Jurow Reflections DAN McHUGH 11 • Writing for the Harpsichord: one Composer’s View MARK JANELLO 16 • Cadence patterns in Bach recitative: FRANCIS KNIGHTS 24 a Guide for Continuo Players • Taking a Walk with Bach: PENELOPE CAVE 34 Interpreting Bach’s 2-part Inventions • A musical celebration: Mark Ransom (1934-2019) Various Contributors 35 A Concert, a Poem and Memories IN MEMORIAM • Elizabeth de la Porte (1941 – 2020) PAMELA NASH 50 • Kenneth Gilbert (1931 – 2020) HANK KNOX 51 REPORT • BHS Recitals at Handel & Hendrix in London 55 Please keep sending your contributions to [email protected] Please note that opinions voiced here are those of the individual authors and not necessarily those of the BHS. All material remains the copyright of the individual authors and may not be reproduced without their express permission. INTRODUCTION ••• Welcome to Sounding Board No.14 ••• It is now a long eight months since our last edition, back then none of us could have foreseen the strange world in which we now live, with all concerts cancelled or at best postponed. Now, making music together is only possible with the aid of technical wizardry and with the audience firmly placed on the other side of a computer screen. The Covid 19 pandemic has certainly had a huge impact on all the Arts but especially on the Music industry. -
Copyright by Gary Dean Beckman 2007
Copyright by Gary Dean Beckman 2007 The Dissertation Committee for Gary Dean Beckman Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Sacred Lute: Intabulated Chorales from Luther’s Age to the beginnings of Pietism Committee: ____________________________________ Andrew Dell’ Antonio, Supervisor ____________________________________ Susan Jackson ____________________________________ Rebecca Baltzer ____________________________________ Elliot Antokoletz ____________________________________ Susan R. Boettcher The Sacred Lute: Intabulated Chorales from Luther’s Age to the beginnings of Pietism by Gary Dean Beckman, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2007 Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge Dr. Douglas Dempster, interim Dean, College of Fine Arts, Dr. David Hunter, Fine Arts Music Librarian and Dr. Richard Cherwitz, Professor, Department of Communication Studies Coordinator from The University of Texas at Austin for their help in completing this work. Emeritus Professor, Dr. Keith Polk from the University of New Hampshire, who mentored me during my master’s studies, deserves a special acknowledgement for his belief in my capabilities. Olav Chris Henriksen receives my deepest gratitude for his kindness and generosity during my Boston lute studies; his quite enthusiasm for the lute and its repertoire ignited my interest in German lute music. My sincere and deepest thanks are extended to the members of my dissertation committee. Drs. Rebecca Baltzer, Susan Boettcher and Elliot Antokoletz offered critical assistance with this effort. All three have shaped the way I view music. -
The Portuguese Guitar: History and Transformation of an Instrument Associated with Fado
THE PORTUGUESE GUITAR: HISTORY AND TRANSFORMATION OF AN INSTRUMENT ASSOCIATED WITH FADO NUNO JOSÉ DOS SANTOS ANAIA CRISTO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MUSIC YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JANUARY 2014 © Nuno José dos Santos Anaia Cristo 2014 ABSTRACT Since the mid-nineteenth century the Portuguese guitar has been connected to the fado genre. Over the years, both the instrument and the song genre have experienced significant transformations, at times related to aesthetic changes, at other times conditioned by social, political and economic alterations. This thesis focuses on the historic organological development of the Portuguese guitar, as an instrument associated with fado, and explores how the Lisbon guitar model has been progressively replaced by the Coimbra guitar model (both in practice and iconic symbolism). I argue that this tendency is related to the current new era of Portuguese guitar practice with its origins in the post-revolutionary period lived in Portugal after the political overthrow in 1974. My study is based on the review and analysis of the most recent works on the subject, fieldwork among players and makers, iconographic and archival research, and my own experience as a player and maker of both models of the Portuguese guitar. ii DEDICATION To my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to: York University for the 2012 GS-CUPE Unit 1 Graduate Financial Assistance - Dom Award. The Faculty of Graduate Studies for the allocation of the 2012-2013 Fieldwork Fund, without whose generous financial assistance this research would have not been possible; My supervisor Louise Wrazen and secondary reader Judith Cohen for all their encouragement, help and insightful advice throughout this process; My teachers at York University: Rob van der Bliek, Robert Witmer, Robert Simms, Trichy Sankaran, and Sherry Johnson. -
LG2004.Thecittern0541 001.Pdf
IMPRESSIJM Herausgegeben im AuftLag der Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein von Monika Lustig PF 24, D-38881 Blankenburg Redaktion: Birgt Abels, Monika Lustig, Sabine Reitz, Susan Rennie Unxchlaggestaltung, Sau: Susan¡ OndrciMeyerhuber Abbilrlungen auf dem Unmchlag: Unbekannter r\'fale¡/oye use compagnie a.utvr d'une túle,Rom, l. Hdlfte des 17. Jahrliunderls (RMN/Musée du louvre/llervé Lew-andowskÆertrieb: bpk Berlin); Guillaume Morlaye ,I¿ Premiet liu'e de chausons, Paris 1552, Titelblatt; Musiknstrumente aus MichaelPtætonw,Sytûagma mtxhum,Bd-Il: De 1lganog'aþhin,Wolfenbüttel 1619, Reprint Kassel usw 1996. Dæ Werk einschljeßtch aller seiner Teile ist urheben'æhdich geschützt. Jede Veruertung außerhalb der engen Grenæn des Urhebenæhtes ist ohne schrjftliche Zustjmmung der Verlage bzw des Herausgeben unzuläsig und strafbar. Dia gilt insbesondere fur Vewielfd.ltigungen, Übenetzungen, Mikoverfilmungen und die digitale Speichenurg und Verarbeitung. @ 2004, Stiftung Ko$e¡ Michaelstein und @ 2004, vERLAG JANOS STEKOVTCS, Dößel Printd on dema¡d in Dößel (Saalkrcis) ISBN 3-89512-125-8 Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein ISBN 3-89923-078-7 Vbrlag Janos Stekovia Bibliografische lnformation Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek veøeiclinet diae Publikation in der Deubchen Nationalbibliograiie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Intemet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufba¡. Bibliogaphic information published by Die Deutsche ßibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek liss this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detaild bibliographic dâta is available in the Intemet at lrtto://dnb.ddb.de. MICHAETSTEINER KONFERENZBERICHTE Band 66 Gitarre und Zister Bauweise, Sþieltechnik und Geschichte bis 1800 22. Musikinstrumentenb au-Symposium Michaelstein, 16. bis 18. November 2001 Im Auftrag der Stiftung Kloster Michaelstein herausgegeben von Monika Lustig STIFTUNG KLOSTER MICHAELSTEIN uNd VERLAG JANOS STEKOVICS 78 Sebætián Núñez and Verónica Estevez 70 r$il;3 ñ- Louis Peter Grijp =sÍS¡ k¡-:5{¡7:l---:Et=='¡È f-F.-flrl The cittern of Sweelinck and Vermeer. -
Checklist for the Instrument Collection of the Harvard Music Department
Checklist for the Instrument Collection of the Harvard Music Department Western Instruments Bowed String Instruments 54, HUCP3292. Pardessus de viole by Simon Gilbert, French, 1730. Printed label: Simon Gilbert/ Musician de la Cathedrale/ & Facteur d’Instruments./ A Metz 1730. Gift of Mary Otis Isham, in memory of Ralph Isham (AB 1889). 55, HUCP3293. Pardessus de viole by Louis Guersan, French, 1761. Printed label: Ludovicus Guersan/ prope Comaediam Gallicam/ Lutetiae Anno 1761. Gift of Mary Otis Isham, in memory of Ralph Isham (AB 1889). 56, HUCP3294. Viola da gamba (tenor) by Eugen Sprenger, German, 1952. Printed label: Eugen Sprenger /Lauten- und Geigenmacher in Frankfurt M./ Made In Germany 1952. Department Purchase from the maker, 1952. 57, HUCP3295. Viola da gamba (tenor) by Eugen Sprenger, German, 1952. Printed label: Eugen Sprenger /Lauten- und Geigenmacher in Frankfurt M./ Made In Germany 1952. Department Purchase from the maker, 1952. 58, HUCP3296. Viola da gamba (division viol) by Barak Norman, English, c.1720. Fake label inscribed: Bar- rake Norman/St. Pauls London 1617. Gift of Mary Otis Isham, in memory of Ralph Isham (AB 1889). 59, HUCP3297. Viola da gamba (g violone- cut down from larger violone), 17th or 18th cent. Gift of Mary Otis Isham, in memory of Ralph Isham (AB 1889). 60, HUCP3298. Violin, anonymous French, c.1880-1900. Facsimile label: Joannes Franciscus Pressenda q. Raphael/ fecit Taurini anno Domini 18--. 61, HUCP3299. Viola, Marknenkirchen-made instrument, German, mid-20th cent. Printed label: Copy Of Anto- nius Stradivarius/ Made in Germany. Gift of Prof. Elliott Forbes, 1989. 66, HUCP3305. Viola d’amore by Ignatius Hoffman, Austrian, 1723.