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Pisces: Characiformes) in an Area of the Plata Basin, Argentina

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Pisces: Characiformes) in an Area of the Plata Basin, Argentina Gayana 71(2),71(2): 2007178-186, 2007 ISSN 0717-652X THE CONSERVATION STATE OF CHARACIDAE FISH (PISCES: CHARACIFORMES) IN AN AREA OF THE PLATA BASIN, ARGENTINA ESTADO DE CONSERVACION DE PECES CHARACIDAE (PISCES: CHARACIFORMES) EN UN AREA DE LA CUENCA DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA Marcelo A Zayas & Elly Cordiviola Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), José Maciá 1933, (3016) Santo Tomé, Santa Fe (Argentina). E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. ABSTRACT The fish conservation was quantified by means of the index SUMIN, composed by the summation of 12 outstanding variables for the species survival and/or conservation. An arranged list of 53 species was obtained according to a gradient of conservation necessity. The species determined as vulnerable of maximum priority: Salminus brasiliensis, Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus marginatus and S. rhombeus; species vulnerable of special attention: Brycon orbygnianus, Triportheus paranensis, Serrasalmus serrulatus, S. spilopleura, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Hemigrammus mattei, Cynopotamus argenteus, Astyanax correntinus, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi and Mylossoma orbignyanus. The remaining species, were qualified as not threatened: Poptella paraguayensis, Astyanax abramis, A. bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, A. taeniatus, A. erythropterus, A. lineatus, A. paranahybae, Charax stenopterus, Roeboides bonariensis, R. paranensis, Pseudocorynopoma doriai, Moenkhausia dichroura, M. sanctaefilomenae, Mylossoma paraguayensis, Odontostilbe microcephala, Galeocharax humeralis, Aphyocharax anisitsi, A. rathbuni, A. nasutus, A. paraguayensis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Oligosarcus oligolepis, O. jenynsi, Odontostilbe pequira, Metynnis mola, M. otuquensis, Prionobrama paraguayensis, Bryconamericus iheringi, Hyphessobrycon igneus, H. meridionalis, H. eques, H. reticulatus, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Clupeacharax anchoveoides, Markiana nigripinnis, Cheirodon interruptus and Cynopotamus kincaidi. This index allows estimating quantitatively the conservation state of the ichthyic species. KEYWORDS: Conservation, fish, Characidae, South America RESUMEN La conservación de peces se cuantificó mediante la aplicación de un índice (SUMIN), compuesto por la suma de 12 variables relevantes para su supervivencia y/o conservación. Se obtuvo un listado jerarquizado de 53 especies, de acuerdo a un gradiente de necesidad de conservación. Se determinaron como especies vulnerables de máxima prioridad: Salminus brasiliensis, Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus marginatus y S. rhombeus; especies vulnerables de especial atención: Brycon orbygnianus, Triportheus paranensis, Serrasalmus serrulatus, S. spilopleura, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Hemigrammus mattei, Cynopotamus argenteus, Astyanax correntinus, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi y Mylossoma orbignyanus. Las especies restantes, fueron calificadas como no amenazadas: Poptella paraguayensis, Astyanax abramis, A. bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, A. taeniatus, A. erythropterus, A. lineatus, A. paranahybae, Charax stenopterus, Roeboides bonariensis, R. paranensis, Pseudocorynopoma doriai, Moenkhausia dichroura, M. sanctaefilomenae, Mylossoma paraguayensis, Odontostilbe microcephala, Galeocharax humeralis, Aphyocharax anisitsi, A. rathbuni, A. nasutus, A. paraguayensis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Oligosarcus oligolepis, O. jenynsi, Odontostilbe pequira, Metynnis mola, M. otuquensis, Prionobrama paraguayensis, Bryconamericus iheringi, Hyphessobrycon igneus, H. meridionalis, H. eques, H. reticulatus, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Clupeacharax anchoveoides, Markiana nigripinnis, Cheirodon interruptus y Cynopotamus kincaidi. Este índice permite una apreciación cuantitativa de la situación de conservación de las especies ícticas. PALABRAS CLAVEs: Conservación, peces, Characidae, Sud America 178 Conservation of Characidae fish: ZAYAS, M. & E. CORDIVIOLA INTRODUCTION of different depths. The most important faults go from N to S; one of them is now occupied, by the Argentina is one of the countries with more biomass Paraná River. To the north, it presents a warm diversity, with all type of climates and physiographic climate with an annual mean temperature of 21ºC; conditions, giving place to the maximum annual precipitations among 800 and 1100 mm that environmental variation. It is zoogeographically diminish to the west. To the south, it is mild with an located inside the Neotropical Region, conformed annual average of 17ºC and with an annual by big hydrographical systems as Amazon, Orinoco, precipitation average of 944 mm. Paraná-Plata, etc. The Santa Fe Province rivers belong to La Plata The Argentinian continental ichthyofauna is very Basin and they drain directly or indirectly in their well represented, 450 fish species, with the absence main bed: the Paraná River. It is the second most of the families Osteoglossidae and Nandidae (López important fluvial course of South America after the 2001). Amazon, and due to their uses, constitutes the most There is little knowledge of the ichthyic fauna important system of South America (del Barco, conservation state. There are no previous records 2000). The stretch named Middle Paraná develops of the Santa Fe Province, Argentina only a listing an large flood valley, integrating a complex fluvial of species of the family Characidae, (del Barco net with low and flooding islands. It is the main 1997), with the categorization according to its sport, productivity support due to a recurrent process of commercial, eating, ornamental or bait value, and a growing and low water (flood pulse, Junk et al. catalogue (Cazenave & Bacchetta 2001), with an 1989) that allows incorporating to the environments inventory of the species belonging to the Florentino the biomass synthesized in the alluvial plain during Ameghino Natural Science Museum of the city of the period of low water. It runs from north to south Santa Fe. along the east of the Santa Fe Province, being their Several authors classify the Argentinean ichthyic main tributaries the Salado and Carcarañá Rivers. fauna, having into account different fish groups methodologies (Bertonatti & González 1993; CONSERVATION INDEX Chebez, 1994; Orlandini et al. 2001). Fifty-three species of fish of the family Characidae The objective is to quantify, with the application of mentioned by del Barco 1997, and Cazenave & a numerical index, the fish conservation state of the Bacchetta 2001 were studied. López et al. (2003) family Characidae in an area of the Plata Basin (Table I) was followed for the systematic (Santa Fe Province, Argentina), taking into account arrangement. the biological, ecological, ethological and The method proposed by Bello & Úbeda (1998), distribution variables. adapted from Reca et al. (1994), was applied considering the index SUMIN, summation of 12 variables, referred to the biology, ecology, ethology, MATERIAL AND METHODS distribution, etc. of each species. The mean and standard deviation was calculated STUDY AREA for the group of species under study. To qualify the It is located inside the Paranoplatensean conservation state, the species were grouped as Ichthyogeographical Province, Paranensean follow: those ones whose SUMIN value overcomes Domain, Brasílic Subregion (Ringuelet 1975), with the mean plus a standard deviation are considered 147 species of Characiformes (López 2001). vulnerables of maximum priority. Those that are According to the ecoregions outlined by López, et between the mean and this one plus a standard al. 2002, it is be located in the Subtropical Potamic deviation, are vulnerables requiring special attention Axis Ecoregion. and those that have a similar value to the mean or The area studied of Santa Fe Province (28º - 34º L minor are not threateneds. S and 59º - 63º L W) is geomorphologically an uninterrupted plain, tectonically is part of the THE APPLIED VARIABLES ARE: pampasia, the basement belong to the Brasilia 1) Continental distribution: area where the species Massif, fractured and divided into sunken blocks is, it allows understand its geographical contiguity, 179 Gayana 71(2), 2007 which is associated with the idea of genetic flow TABLE I. Family Characidae species registered in an among the populations. 2) National distribution: area of La Plata Basin (Santa Fe Province, Argentina) according to del Barco (1997) and Cazenave & presence in the main hydrographical basins of the Bachetta (2001). The classification and taxonomic country. 3) Amplitude in the habitat use: aptitude to arrangement according to López et al. (2003). live in different environments. 4) Width in the vertical space use: The portions employed are TABLA I. Especies de la familia Characidae registradas quantified for feeding, reproduction and breathing. en un área de la Cuenca del Plata ( Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina) según del Barco (1997) y Cazenave & 5) Corporal size: maximum overall length. 6) Bacheta (2001). Para el ordenamiento y actualización Reproductive potential: type of fertilization, taxonómica se siguió a López et al. (2003). ovocytes size and parental cares, according to Bello y Ubeda (1998). 7) Trophic width: trophic level. 8) Abundance: size of the populations in the country, ACTINOPTERYGII by means of relative abundance scales. 9) Taxonomic NEOPTERYGII CHARACIFORMES singularity: presence of unique DNA sequences CHARACIDAE inside the different populations. 10) Singularity: Characinae particular characteristics that may affect its survival Charax stenopterus (Cope 1894) and / or conservation. 11) Extractive actions: Roeboides
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