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The State of Hate the Changing Face of Hate Crimes

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The State of Hate the Changing Face of Hate Crimes A JeWish Light speCial rePorT online at www.stljewishlight.com The changing face of The State of Hate hate crimes — and victims About ‘The State of Hate’ By ELLEN FUTTERMAN & dAvid BaughER Hate Crimes FAQ ‘The ‘State of arlier this month, two broth- rights coalition. Hate’ is a Special ers from Cape Girardeau What is a hate crime? Report of the were charged with a felony ‘Wave of hate’ across America A hate crime, also known as a bias Jewish Light, hate crime after allegedly crime, is described by the Federal made possible by attacking a black man at a Last November, the Jewish Light Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a crimi- a grant from the Press Club of Metropolitan convenienceE store, yelling racial slurs at received a grant from the Press Club of nal offense committed against a per- St. Louis to study hate violence against Jews the victim and assaulting him in a park- Metropolitan St. Louis to study hate son, property or group that is motivat- and other groups protected by the 2009 ing lot. violence and its effects not just among ed by the offender’s bias against a race, Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate In April, 19-year-old Jeffrey Conroy Jews, but also other groups protected religion, disability, gender, sexual orien- Crimes Prevention Act. The Light spoke to was found guilty of first-degree man- by the Matthew Shepard and James tation, ethnicity or national origin. dozens of agencies and individuals who slaughter as a hate crime in connection Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, track and investigate hate crimes as well as with the stabbing death of an which was signed into law last October. victims and perpetrators of bias-motivated Ecuadorean immigrant in Patchogue, This legislation, named after two vic- When was hate crime violence. N.Y. in November of 2008. Prosecutors tims of bias-motivated crimes, expand- The contents of this report originally said Conroy and six of his friends ed the 1969 U.S. federal hate-crime law legislation first enacted? appeared in the May 26 and June 2, 2010 attacked the victim and another Hispanic to include crimes motivated by a vic- In 1969. The Federal Civil Rights Law editions of the Jewish Light, and additional man as part of the sport they had made tim’s gender, sexual orientation or dis- permits prosecution of anyone who content also appears on our website, at out of hunting and beating up Hispanics, ability. The earlier act protects victims “willingly injures, intimidates or inter- www.stljewishlight.com/hate. The Press an activity authorities said they referred targeted because of their race, religion feres with another person, or attempts Club also provided funding for this reprint. to as “beaner hopping” and “Mexican or ethnicity, but only if they were to do so, by force because of the other The ‘State of Hate’ was created in coopera- hopping,” according to the New York engaged in a federally protected activ- person’s race, color, religion or national tion with the online publication, the St. Louis Times. ity, like voting or going to school. The origin” when a victim is engaged in Beacon, www.stlbeacon.org. Most of the And in March, three Evanston, Ill. new law removed that stipulation. certain federally protected activities — content in this Special Report also men were indicted for allegedly harass- In the past six months the Light has voting, attending school, patronizing a appeared on the Beacon website as a part ing and beating a gay man on a Chicago spoken to dozens of agencies and indi- public place, applying for employment of their series, Race Matters. Transit Authority train. The gay man was viduals who track and investigate hate or acting as a juror. trying to stop the three from attacking a crimes as well as to victims and perpe- gay youth. trators of bias-motivated violence. In While the details in each of these conversations with groups such as the How did the Matthew Shepard The stories in the series cases are very different, they are inextri- Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes cably linked by a powerful four-letter Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Prevention Act change the 1969 • How other minority groups, including word: hate. Even more powerful is the the Center for the Prevention of Hate blacks, Hispanics, Muslims and homo- emotion behind the word, which when Violence, the Federal Bureau of law? sexuals, confront hate and why it is you link it with “crime,” often manifests Investigation (FBI), the Missouri This measure, signed into law by underreported itself in violence against individuals Highway Patrol and the U.S. Attorney’s President Barack Obama on Oct. 28, • Why prosecuting hate crimes is so diffi- because of their race, religion, ethnicity, Office, all spoke of a wave of hate they 2009, expands the 1969 law to include cult nationality, gender, disability or sexual see stirring across America. Among crimes motivated by a victim’s gender, • The impact of the Internet on spread- orientation. their findings and concerns: sexual orientation, gender identity or ing hate Last June, a hate crime got interna- • Hate crimes and hate incidents disability. The bill also: • Efforts to bust hate in America tional attention when an 88-year-old are woefully underreported. Some • removes the requirement that the • The landscape of hate violence in white supremacist and anti-Semite states don’t report them at all. victim be involved in a federally pro- America today entered the front door of the U.S. • Most hate crimes are not com- tected activity such as voting. • The impact of a hate crime at a local Holocaust Memorial Museum in mitted by members of organized hate • allows federal authorities to investi- synagogue that occurred more than Washington, D.C. fired his rifle and killed groups. gate hate crimes that local authorities three decades ago an African-American security guard. The • Jews comprise nearly two-thirds choose not to pursue; • Frequently asked questions about hate shooter, James von Brunn, who had of all the victims within religious • provides $5 million a year through crimes grown up in St. Louis, died earlier this groups targeted by hate. 2012 to help state and local agencies • Profiles of hate offenders year while in the medical wing of a North • The number of hate crimes com- prosecute hate crimes; • An overview of anti-Semitism in Carolina prison. mitted against Hispanics (and those • requires the F.B.I. to keep statistics on America since the beginning of the 20th No one knows exactly what drives a perceived to be immigrants) has hate crimes against transgender peo- century person to murder a virtual stranger increased each of the past four years. ple. • An interview with Anti-Defamation because of race, religion or sexual orien- • Blacks comprise nearly three- League President Abraham Foxman dis- tation, but the bottom line is that bias quarters of all reported race-base cussing the ADL’s battles against anti- continues to play a destructive role in crimes. What is the Hate Crimes Semitism and hate modern American society, and it’s not • Hate crimes committed against • Hate crime on college campuses going away anytime soon. Since statis- individuals because of their sexual Statistics Act? tics began being kept two decades ago, orientation has increased to its high- Enacted in 1990, this law requires the U.S. Department of Justice to collect Online you will also find: hate crimes have been committed at an est level in five years. data on hate crimes from law enforce- • Exclusive video of St. Louisan Rick average rate of almost one an hour, • While hate crimes against ment across the country. Since then, Kalina talking about the hate crime that according to “Confronting the New Muslims declined slightly in 2008, it the FBI has published an annual sum- occurred at his bar mitzvah Faces of Hate: Hate Crimes in America,” is still four times the number report- mary (http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cid/civil- • Online video interviews with two St. an analysis released in late 2009 by the ed in 2000. rights/hate.htm). Louis men who allege they were Leadership Conference on Civil Rights • Hate crimes are especially hei- attacked because they are gay Education Fund (LCCREF), the nation’s oldest, most diverse civil and human overview | PAGe 12 ‘The State of Hate’ is a Jewish Light special report — with funding from a Press Club of Metropolitan St. Louis enterprise reporting grant 2 | May/June 2010 | ST. LOUIS JEWISH LIGHT | Visit WWW. STLJEWISHLIGHT.COM LONG-TERM IMPACT OF A HATE CRIME Revisiting a local hate crime more than three decades later by ELLEN FUTTERMAN • EDITOR cell phones. I remember running to the without friends or relatives by his side. “It office of the temple but it was locked. We was as if he had sucked all the life out of t was supposed to be one of the most memorable days of his needed to find someone to unlock it so the room. He has the type of charisma we could call an ambulance. I remember that is just dead. It reeks of death.” young life. And in fact Richard “Ricky” Kalina’s bar mitzvah people trying to get out of the synagogue In 1994, Franklin was incarcerated at certainly was that, but not in the way he, or his parents, or as fast as they could.” the Marion, Ill. federal penitentiary I Ambulances arrived quickly and where he first told FBI, and later any of the guests had envisioned. rushed Gordon, 42, to the old St.
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