Transportation Energy Data Book Quick Facts Petroleum In 2015 the U.S. produced almost 13 million barrels of petroleum per day (mmbd), or almost 14% of the world’s 93.4 mmbd. The U.S. consumed 19.1 mmbd, or 21% of the world’s 92.5 mmbd in 2014. U.S. transportation petroleum use was 70% of total U.S. petroleum use in 2015. In 2015 U.S. transportation petroleum use was 107% of total U.S. petroleum production. Petroleum comprised 92% of U.S. transportation energy use in 2015. Cars and light trucks accounted for 64% of U.S. transportation petroleum use in 2014. Medium trucks (Class 3‐6) accounted for 4% of U.S. transportation petroleum use in 2014. Heavy trucks (Class 7‐8) and buses accounted for 19% of U.S. transportation petroleum use in 2014. Nonhighway modes accounted for the rest of U.S. transportation petroleum use in 2014 (12%). Energy In 2015 U.S. transportation energy use accounted for over 28% of total U.S. energy use. Cars and light trucks accounted for 59% of U.S. transportation energy use in 2014. Medium trucks accounted for 5% of U.S. transportation energy use in 2014. Heavy trucks accounted for 18% of U.S. transportation energy use in 2014. Light Vehicle Characteristics In 2014 there were 114 million cars and 125 million light trucks in the U.S. (239 million total light vehicles). U.S. cars: o 7,525,000 cars were sold in 2015. o In 2015 the average age of a U.S. car was 11.5 years. o In 2014 the average fuel economy for the U.S. car fleet (all cars on the road today) was 25.4 mpg. o Cars comprised 44% of new light vehicle sales in 2015. U.S. light trucks: o 9,578,000 light trucks were sold in 2015. o In 2015 the average age of a U.S. light truck was 11.5 years. o In 2014 the average fuel economy for the U.S. light truck fleet (all light trucks on the road today) was 18.5 mpg. o Light trucks comprised 56% of new light vehicle sales in 2015. U.S. car registrations accounted for 14% of total world car registrations in 2014. In 2014 U.S. truck and bus registrations accounted for 42% of total world truck and bus registrations. The average U.S. household vehicle travels 11,300 miles per year (2009 NHTS). Heavy Truck Characteristics 10,906,000 heavy trucks were registered in the U.S. in 2014. In 2002 (the last time a survey was conducted), heavy trucks accounted for 80% of medium and heavy truck fuel use. ORNL-6992 (Edition 34 of ORNL-5198) Center for Transportation Analysis Energy and Transportation Science Division TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 35 Stacy C. Davis Susan W. Diegel Oak Ridge National Laboratory Robert G. Boundy Roltek, Inc. October 2016 Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 35 can be found online at: cta.ornl.gov/data Prepared for the Vehicle Technologies Office Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6073 Managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via US Department of Energy (DOE) SciTech Connect. Website http://www.osti.gov/scitech/ Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD 703-487-4639 Fax 703-605-6900 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.aspx Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange representatives, and International Nuclear Information System representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone 865-576-8401 Fax 865-576-5728 E-mail [email protected] Website http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Users of the Transportation Energy Data Book are encouraged to comment on errors, omissions, emphases, and organization of this report to one of the persons listed below. Requests for additional complementary copies of this report, additional data, or information on an existing table should be referred to Ms. Stacy Davis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Stacy C. Davis Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Transportation Research Center 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, Tennessee 37932 Telephone: (865) 946-1256 FAX: (865) 946-1314 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: cta.ornl.gov/data David Gohlke Vehicle Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department of Energy, EE-3V Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20585 Telephone: (202) 586-3302 FAX: (202) 586-1600 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: vehicles.energy.gov Spreadsheets of the tables in the Transportation Energy Data Book can be found on the web at: cta.ornl.gov/data Find useful data and information in other U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy products. Vehicle Technologies Market Report: cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport Light Duty Electric Drive Vehicles: www.anl.gov/energy‐systems/project/light‐duty‐electric‐ drive‐vehicles‐monthly‐sales‐updates Hydrogen Data Book: hydrogen.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/hydrogen/article/103 Subscribe to the Vehicle Technologies Fact of the Week: energy.gov/eere/vehicles/transportation‐fact‐week v TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... xxi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... xxiii INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................xxv CHAPTER 1 PETROLEUM ................................................................................................1–1 Table 1.1 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil and Natural Gas, 1980–2014 ............................1–2 Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Production, 1960–2015 .........................................................1–3 Table 1.3 World Petroleum Production, 1973–2015 ........................................................1–4 Table 1.4 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960–2014 ....................................................1–5 Figure 1.1 World Oil Reserves, Production, and Consumption, 1980 ...............................1–6 Figure 1.2 World Oil Reserves, Production, and Consumption, 1993 ...............................1–6 Figure 1.3 World Oil Reserves, Production, and Consumption, 2014 ...............................1–7 Table 1.5 World Oil Reserves, Production, and Consumption, 1980, 1993 and 2014 .....1–7 Table 1.6 U.S. Petroleum Imports, 1960–2015.................................................................1–8 Table 1.7 Imported Crude Oil by Country of Origin, 1973-2015 .....................................1–9 Table 1.8 Crude Oil Supplies, 1973-2015 ......................................................................1–10 Figure 1.4 Refinery Gross Output by World Region, 2005 and 2015 ..............................1–11 Table 1.9 U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 1987–2014 .........1–12 Table 1.10 U.S. Refinery Yield of Petroleum Products from a Barrel of Crude Oil, 1978–2015.......................................................................................................1–13 Table 1.11 United States Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, 1950–2015 .......1–14 Table 1.12 Petroleum Production and Transportation Petroleum Consumption in Context, 1950–2015 ........................................................................................1–15 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 35—2016 vi Figure 1.5 United States Petroleum Production and Consumption – All Sectors, 1973–2040.......................................................................................................1–16 Figure 1.6 United States Petroleum Production and Transportation Consumption, 1970–2040.......................................................................................................1–17 Table 1.13 Consumption of Petroleum by End-Use Sector, 1973–2015 ..........................1–18 Table 1.14 Highway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2014 ......1–19 Table 1.15 Nonhighway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2014.......................................................................................................1–20 Table 1.16 Transportation