December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40109 even earlier, perhaps 10: 15 a.m., and be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk This would mean that in order to allow prepared to introduce their amendments. will call the roll. Mr. BUCKLEY at least 2 hours on his The leadership has assured the Sen­ The second assistant legislative clerk amendment, as was promised by the ator from New York (Mr. BUCKLEY) that proceeded to call the roll. joint leadership, the way ought to be he will have at least 2 hours on his Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, cleared for his amendment by not later amendment, and that amendment being I ask unanimous consent that the order than 1 p.m. tomorrow so as to accommo­ the final amendment to be disposed of for the quorum call be rescinded. date the disposition of that amendment prior to :final action on the bill, Senators, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without by no later than 3 p.m. tomorrow. I repeat, are urged to be on hand early objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, I wish to make one to call up their amendments if they have Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, addendum to my earlier statement. In such. I move that the Senate stand in recess answer to a question by Mr. LoNG, I Mr. LONG. Mr. President, while Mr. awaiting the call of the Chair. should state that a motion to table the BUCKLEY has the privilege of offering an The motion was agreed to; and at 7:56 amendment by Mr. BUCKLEY would be amendment to the bill which is not p.m. the Senate took a recess, subject in order. germane, it is my present inclination to to the call of the Chair. urge the Senator not to offer his amend­ The Senate reassembled at 8: 19 p.m., ment on the bill, even though the Sen­ when called to order by the Presiding ADJOURNMENT TO 10 A.M. ator from Louisiana would expect to vote Officer (Mr. ALLEN). Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, for it if the Senator offered it. The Sen­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, if there be no further business to come ator from Lpuisiana might even feel dis­ as an addendum to my statement of before the Senate. I move, in accord­ posed to vote for a motion to table the the program, I wish to emphasize the ance with the previous order, that the amendment so that we could limit fact that under the agreement entered Senate stand in adjournment until 10 amendments on this bill to amendments earlier, immediately upon the close of o'clock a.m. tomorrow. that are germane. routine morning business tomorrow the The motion was agreed to; and at 8: 23 I wonder if there would be any objec­ Senate will resume consideration of S. p.m. the Senate adjourned until tomor­ tion if we might limit the right to offer 1283, the energy R. & D. bill, at which row, Friday, December 7, 1973, at 10 p.m. the amendment to the Senator from New time the pending question before the York (Mr. BucKLEY) because I can fore­ Senate will be on the adoption of the see the possibility that someone else amendment by Mr. BUCKLEY. That NOMINATIONS might offer the Buckley amendment so amendment, of course, can be set aside Executive nominations received by the as to take us into the area of nongermane by unanimous consent to permit other Senate December 6, 1973: amendments. Senators to come in with amendments DEPARTMENT OF STATE to the bill, provided such amendments May I address my inquiry to the acting William B. Buffum, of New York, a For­ majority leader in that regard? are germane to the bill. eign Service officer of the class o! career Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes. If I may I would, therefore, reiterate to Sena­ minister, to be an Assistant Secretary of respond-and I ask the Chair if I am tors, so that they will be adequately State. correct--under the agreement, it is my alerted, that if they have amendments Walter J. Stoessel, Jr., of California, a For­ they should be on the floor early, by eign Service officer of the class of career min­ understanding that no nongermane 10: 15 or 10: 30 a.m., and be ready to call ister, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and amendment to the Buckley amendment up their amendments, and if at all pos­ Plenipotentiary of the United States of would be in order to the Buckley amend­ sible be willing to agree to a brief time America to the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ ment, and no amendment not germane limitation on their amendments because publics. to the bill would be in order to the bill, the leadership on both sides of the aisle David H. Popper, of New York, a Foreign except the Buckley amendment. has assured Mr. BuCKLEY that he would Service officer of the class of career minister, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Would the have at least 2 hours on his amendment. to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ Senator from West Virginia permit us potentiary of the United States o! America Consequently, if there are other to Chile. to pause while the Parliamentarian amendments to the bill, they should be studies the question? called up prior to debate and action in ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Very well. Alan G. Kirk II, of Virginia, to be an relation to the Buckley amendment, but, Assistant Administrator of the Environ­ Mr. President, I suggest the absence of I repeat, such other amendments can be mental Protection Agency, vice John R. a quorum. called up only by unanimous consent. Quarles, Jr., elevated.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CONGRATULATIONS TO GERALD R. if you will, a team player, a product of and ability. He served on the Subcom­ FORD, OUR NEW VICE PRESIDENT the legislative process of the House of mittee on Defense Appropriations and Representatives. built a record of solid support for a HON. JOE L. EVINS In other words, the solid vote in con­ strong national defense. firming GERALD R. FORD, the longtime mi­ OF TENNESSEE We have seen his growth and prog­ nority leader of the House, as Vice Presi­ ress-his development as a leader­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent is a compliment and a tribute to through the years. Thursday, December 6, 1973 him personally and a source of pride to I believe that JERRY FoRD will be a the House of Representatives-he is one Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, healer for our country. He understands of us. He ha.s had 25 years of distin­ the congressional process. He under­ today is a historic occasion for the guished service in the House. House of Representatives and for the stands the necessity for maintaining our Mr. Speaker, certainly I was pleased American system of checks and balances Nation. and delighted to vote for and support the For the first time, under the 25th in our form of government. As Vice nomination of our colleague JERRY FORD President JERRY FoRD will have a special amendment to the U.S. Constitution, we as Vice President of the United States. have justed elected a Vice President, our relationship both with the Congress and As a matter of fact, when the Presi­ with the President. able and genial colleague, GERALD R. dent nominated GERALD FoRD as Vice­ FORD of Michigan, nominated by the It is my view that as a healer our new President-designate, I was among the Vice President can be an instrument in President and confirmed by the Senate first to announce publicly my support and House. binding the wounds in our body politic- for him to the people of my State of and he can be a leader in restoring the This significant occasion in which we Tennessee. confidence of the American people in participated today is unique in the an­ We were elected to the Congress at .Government. nals of the Congress. In selecting GERALD about the same time. Prior to his elec­ It is my belief that GERALD FORD will R. FORD as Vice President, we have cho­ tion as minority leader, he was a mem­ speak with calmness and restraint and sen a Vice President who is neither to the ber of the Committee on Appropria­ will be a voice for h armony and unity far left nor to the far right: a moderate, tions where he served with distinction for the Nation. 40110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 We know our new Vice President as a people do know about this, Mr. President, to the United States, is an irony which man and a leader-a man of integrity and I am going to put my resolution into American policy can hardly countenance. and patriotism. form to be offered as ar: amendment to The Congress should, then, pass a trade bill which does not tie trade so tightly to It has been a pleasure for me to vote any appropriah bill considered by the emigration as to endanger emigration. It for this distinguished legislative leader, Senate. should make clear to the President, who, colleague, and friend as he enters the I ask unanimous consent that the Post one trusts, needs little educating on the executive branch. Many predict that he editorial be printed in the Extensions of point, that the United States cannot sup­ will yet achieve higher honors. Remarks. port trade of the sort and scale the Russians Again, my congratulations to our new There being no objection, the editorial desire while such considerable ambiguities Vice President, GERALD R. FORD. I wish was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, remain about the general thrust of Soviet him well as he continues to serve the foreign policy, in the Mideast if not in stra­ as follows: tegic arms as well. Nation. TRADE, THE MIDEAST AND DETENTE Mr. Nixon had no real choice but, finally, to ask the House to proceed to consider his THE HONORING OF CARDINAL MIDEAST OIL EMBARGO trade bill. Further delay could have eroded JOSEPH MINDSZENTY support for those provisions essential to ne­ gotiations with the principal U.S. trading HON. RICHARDS. SCHWEIKER partners. But further delay would not have HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN OF PENNSYLVANIA improved prospects for taking out of the bill OF NEW JERSEY IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the Soviet-related features to which the President had earlier objected. What looks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, December 6, 1973 likely now is passage of a bill that will 1) Thursday, December 6: 1973 Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, I deny Mr. Nixon the unrestricted authority he would like to call to the attention of my had sought to offer Moscow "most-favored Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would colleagues the editorial which appeared nation" (MFN) tariff status, i.e., to end like to take this opportunity to bring to tariff discrimination; and 2) take back the the attention of my colleagues the trans­ in the Washington Post this morning, authority he now has to extend Export-Im­ lation of a speech given in Hungarian by entitled "Trade, the Mideast and De­ port Bank credits and guarantees to Russia. Mr. Julius Belso, a former member of the tente." The House will probably link both of these Hungarian Parliament, at a testimonial On Monday of this week, I introduced dispensations to Soviet performance on Jew­ dinner held in New Jersey on September Senate Resolution 210, calling for a cut­ ish emigration to Israel. We think the House-and if not the House, 30, 1973 honoring Cardinal Joseph off of trade with the Soviet Union until Mindszenty: the Arab oil embargo is ended. This res­ then later the Senate-should ease the ex­ plicit link between trade and emigration. To (This is a translation of the speech given olution is now pending in the Senate tighten it, in legislation, is to take the con­ in Hungarian by Mr. Julius Belso, a former Fnance Committee. There are many rea­ sideralble and perhaps unnecessary chance member of the Hungarian Parliament, a.t the sons why the Senate should seriously of pushing the Kremlin into a spiteful de­ testimonia.l dinner honoring Joseph Cardinal consider, now, the actions contemplated cision to cut back emigration, now running Mindszenty on September 30, 1973.) by my resolution. at 3,000-plus a month. It is wrong to assume Right Reverend Monsignor Archbishop of As the editorial states: the Russians are so eager for detente, or at Hungary, Your Eminence. About a half cen­ least for trade, that they will put up with tury ago your Eminence, as pastor of Zalae­ Events may have overtaken the debate ot an unlimited degree of interference in their gerszeg, visited the muddy little towns in whether to link trade and emigration. We internal affairs to achieve it--and emigration the County o! Zala near Kerka, in order to mean in particular the Mideast war; others policy surely is an internal affair. To inter­ establish a parish in my hometown of Ker­ might add the Soviet strategic arms buildup. fere more deeply and explicity, in a bill that kakutas. By failing to do its part to lead Arabs to sit to become law would bear the President's As a 10 year old boy, this was a great ex­ down and negotiate before the October war, signature, when the Moscow authorities have perience for me because for the first time I by preparing Arabs for their attack, by ignor­ permitted emigration at a rate and for a time served in the mass, while your Eminence said ing its summit promises to consult with greater than almost anyone had expected, is, the following in your sermon, "A good shep­ Washington about an impending explosion, we submit, too risky. It is not, after all, diffi­ herd always looks after his sheep wherever by pouring in fresh arms once the battle cult to monitor Soviet emigration policy. they maybe". began, by urging other Arabs to join the fight The congress is not about to lose either its A few years later, through the will of God, and then to withhol<". their oil, by reportedly concern or its leverage, should Soviet per­ the then reigning Pope, who is Ohrist the introducing nuclear arms into Egypt, by formance falter. King's earthly governor, bestowed upon you threatening unilateral military interven­ Events may have overtaken the debate on the greatest honor that the church can give, tion-by this whole pattern of policy, Moscow whether to link trade and emigration. We so that you can be a worthy successor to the revived the most troubling questions about mean in particular the Mideast war; others rest of the brave Hungarian bishops and its readiness to accept the mutual restraint might add the Soviet strategic arms buildup. archbishops. required for true detente. By failing to do its part to lead Arabs to As Hungary's spiritual leader you still felt In so doing, the Kremlin largely mooted sit down and negotiate before the October closest to your faithful, despite your many the ea.rlier hopeful American premise that war, by preparing Arabs for their attack, engagements. Your Eminence traveled trade would serve detente. At this point-­ by ignoring its summit promises to consult throughout the country talking to hundreds one hopes things will change-a prudent per­ with Washington about an impending ex­ of thousands of people. You were the first to son would have to conclude that trade plosion, by pouring in fresh arms once the warn the world of the threat of communist would serve Soviet ambition. This goes espe­ battle began, by urging other Arabs to join tyranny. cially for the kind of trade the Russians most the fight and then to withhold their oil, by Your Eminence's brave resistance, im­ want: long-term loans, at interest rates reportedly introducing nuclear arms into measurable suffering, exemplary behavior gave new hope to Hungarian people, and the heavily subsidized by the American tax­ Egypt, by threatening unilateral military in­ tervention-by this whole pattern of policy, Hungarian name became known and re­ payers, for oil and natural gas development. spected all over the world. For the U.S. government to finance energy Moscow revived the most troubling questions about its readiness to accept the mutual re­ After almost a. quarter of a. century of projects in the Soviet Union, while the Krem­ captivity, humiliation and suffering your lin continues to importune Arabs to deny straint required for true detente. In so doing, the Kremlin largely mooted Eminence has accepted exile, the greatest energy to the TTnited States, is an irony which cross of a holy life, so that as the Primate American policy can hardly countenance. the earlier hopeful American premise that of Hunga.ry you can continue the work that trade would serve detente. At this point-­ was left behind in Zalaegerszeg, Vesz.prem Mr. President, I submit that if the one hopes things will change-a. prudent and Esztergom. American people knew the Russians were person would have to conclude that trade It has been almost 2 years since your Emi­ seeking long-term credit, subsidized by would serve Soviet ambition. This goes espe­ nence arrived at the Vatican. the American taxpayer, to develop Rus­ cially for the kind of trade the Russians most Since then, your Eminence as a. good shep­ want: long-term loans, at interest rates sian oil and gas reserves, public pressure herd, has visited Hungarians in all parts of heavily subsidized by the American taxpayer, Europe and Canada in order to serve the would result in my resolution being im­ for oil and natural gas development. For the scattered Hungarian sheep in the entire mediaitely adopted by this body without U.S. government to finance energy projects world. Your Eminence has come to New debate. in the Soviet Union, while the Kremlin con­ Brunswick to bless the St. Ladisla.us Church. I am going to make sure the Amelican tinues to importune Arabs to deny energy Through this visit to America your Eminence December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4011l wanted to bring attention to the importance cuss the issues of war and peace, and a that Church's anti-war stand is question­ of our Hungarian churches. return to normal trade relations. able. The blessing of the church today will be a.n McClure has announced it ls his hope that He went to discover the intentions and Arabtan oil can be brought to this country unforgettable event for all of us. Our hearts observations of the various sectors of are filled with gratitude, happiness and love immediately by adopting a. neutral attitude toward your Excellency. This day is not only a the Arab world toward us, and to find in the Middle East War. He joined in a resolu­ great day of celebration for the parishioners how our policies might be changed to de­ tion to Congress to this effect, and in this of the St. Ladislaus Church but for all the fuse what surely will be a long series of was joined by U.S. Rep. Steve Symms, R­ 200,000 Hungarians in the state of New Jersey. wars that can only lead to disaster for Idaho, whose views are somewhat similar to At this joyful occasion I have been granted the United States. McClure in this respect. This proposed reso­ the honor of greeting your Eminence in Hun­ His third reason for going was to re­ lution, however, hasn't got far in view of garian on behalf of the members of the St. the adamant opposition of the Nixon Ad­ port his :findings to the American people. ministration and most membe-rs of Congress. Ladislaus parish. In a brief sentence Senator McCLURE has Welcome, your Eminence, our Great Shep­ While McClure's almost one-man onslaught herd and Good Father, the Primate of Hun­ summed it up: would almost immediately ease the oil short­ gary, our cardinal and the spiritual leader of Never have the chances for peace been so age, all other measures are temporary relief the Hungarian people who live within and great, nor the consequences for losing the or are years away. These include the cutbacks peace been so great. in gasoline and heating fuels, the Alaskan outside the borders of Hungary. pipeline, increased Canadian oll imports, and We are grateful for the opportunity to be I would commend to the attention of development of offshore lands and other oil able to express our gratitude to your Emin­ my colleagues an editorial column in The fields, geothermal and solar energy. ence for the courageous perseverance with Idaho Falls Post-Register, and ask Since taking the Senate toga early this which you have expressed to the entire world year, McClure has assumed a new guise the view of the Hungarian people in the fight unanimous consent that this column be printed in the extensions of remarks. from his conservative and staunch party which went on and is still going on today be­ stance in the House. He has been highly crit­ tween freedom and tyranny. There being no objection, the column ical of Nixon's Watergate handling except Our beautiful church which was rebuilt was ordered to be printed in the Exten­ in backing him in the firing of Special Water­ and blessed today is the spiritual citadel sions of Remarks, as follows: gate Prosecutor Archibald Cox whom he wb:ich was built by hardworking Hungarian [From the Idaho Falls (Id.a.ho) Post-Register, thought was too partisan to be effective. immigrants 70 years a.go. They a.re the ones Nov. 28, 1973] All of the Idaho congressional delegation who sent their American born children to has lamented that the executive was attempt attend Hungarian schools and churches so SENATOR McCLURE TAKES INDEPENDENT OIL POLICY ing to usurp legislative prerogative. McClure that they may acquaint themselves with the joined Chureh in voting to override many beautiful Hungarian language and heritage. (By Ben J. Plastino} of Nixon's vetoes. Hansen and Symms, de­ In this parish of ours, we the old and new One of the most portentous and signifi­ spite their protestations, have not. While Hungarian immigrants work together with cant action ta.ken by a public official is the both Church and McClure voted recently in our American born Hungarian brothers, un­ one-man goodwill trip of Ida.ho's Republican successfully overriding Nixon's veto on cur­ der the leadership of our beloved Father Ju­ U.S. Senator James A. McClure. tailing his commitment of troops on foreign lian Fuzer to whom we express our gratitude While most members of Congress and the soil, Hansen and Symms sided with maintain­ and love for all his hard work. Nixon Administration are talking &bout short ing the presidential powers. Within our church there are no barriers term emergency measures to solve the energy The Arabian state of Kuwait invited the among us. We are the children of one spirit­ crisis, McClure is striving to bring the cure. friendly McClure to visit the Arabian coun­ ual Mother. We are working together for the Most co-called political expel"ts are either tries and hear their side of the story. This preservation of our heritage and Hungarian ignoring or overlooking the far reaching likely was more an assignment that should history. benefits that McClure could bring if he have gone to Church, an influential member We promise your Eminence, on this festive received support. of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations occasion, that not only will we be useful, McClure at present is visiting the oil rich Committee. hardworking and lawabiding citizens of this Arabian countries in an effort to see wha.t McClure's first report only Tuesday stated great country which accepted us with great can be done to alleviate the Arabian oil ex­ the Arabians invoked a.n oil embargo because love, but we will be an example for all the port ban to the United States and other they said they were deeply hurt over what rest of the Hungarian parishes, churches and countries which have adopted a pro-Israel they thought were friendly nations, such as schools. With dignity we will hold, cherish policy in the smoldering Middle East War. the U.S., now following a pro-Israel policy. and keep these institutions in good order so McClure knows he is following an action It might be added tha.t neither the Nixon that we may give them over to the next gen­ that certainly is against the majority in Con­ Administration nor the State Department eration. gress, including most members of the Idaho were happy to see the free-swinging McClure We are grateful to your Eminence for com­ delegation; the Nixon Administration, and in Arab country. ing to us here in this great and beautiful perhaps, the American people. This writer predicts in a few months, not country. We are glad that your Eminence But it might be that in time that McClure years as in the Vietnam War, sentiment may can see that we have freedom, that we ltve may have followed the right course, just as swing against Israel and for the oil rich happily and treasure our Hungarian heritage, U.S. Sen. Frank Church, D-Ida.ho, did six Arabians as Americans become colder and religion, language and each other. years ago in consistently opposing military travel less. intervention in the Vietnam War. We pray to the Lord that He may give your McClure is following a path that he hopes Eminence a long, happy and blessed life so will bring oil to America immediately by U.S. LOOKS TO U.S.S.R. TO SOLVE that we may greet you again on your trip to placating the Arabians. He pointed out a OUR ENERGY CRISIS America next year. month ago that a..ttempts by the Nixon Ad­ May the good Lord bless your Eminence. ministration to minimize the real magnitude May God bless your apostolic good work. of Arab oil import on the U.S. economy as HON. JOHN R. RARICK "very dangerous." He also asserted that the OF LOUISIANA Arab oil loss is not five per cent a.s many are saying but actually 17 pe,r cent. He al­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SENATOR McCLURE TAKES INDE­ ready has been proven accurate in this state­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 ment. PENDENT OIL POLICY He warned then that America was facing Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as Ameri­ a more critical crisis than others believed. cans are made more and more conscious The recent drastic measures taken by Nixon of the energy crunch, our leaders make HON. JESSE A. HELMS on gasoline and heat cutbacks now substan­ more and more agreements with the OF NORTH CAROLINA tiate his assertions. Communist world as if the only solution IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES While Church and U.S. Rep. Orval Han­ to the energy shortage can be found in sen, R-Idaho, with alacrity followed the Nix­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 on Administration's pro Israel policy, Mc­ developing production behind the Iron Clure refused to be stampeded. Curtain. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, our col­ Some Americans may even question league, the distinguished Senator from Hansen has always followed a hawk policy in the Vietnam War but Church's enthusiasm whether or not a solution to the domestic Ida.ho (Mr. McCLURE) , has recently re­ for military weapons and favoring an exten­ energy problem is really being sought, turned from a 2-week, five-nation fact­ sion of credit to Israel is somewhat a mild since the emotional hysteria has served finding mission to the Ar~b world. In surprise. It gives some credence to the charge so well to usher in a new political era tliat mission, Senator McCLURE met with by Church's announced Republican election of Communist interdependence. government and business leaders to dis- opponent, Robert Smith, Nam.pa. attorney, Related newsclippings follow: 40112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS D~cember 6, 1973 {From the Washington Post, Dec. 6, 1973] However, officials note that the United proaches between the United States and the U.S., U.S.S.R. EYE SmERL\ GAS States would have leverage lacking in the Arabs because unlike most other Eastern (By Dan Morgan) Arab countries because of the Soviet Union's European countries which strictly follow the need for advanced western technology and Moscow line, Bucharest maintains an inde­ Soviet and American sources said yester­ credits-a need tha.t most experts agree wlll pendent policy and has contacts with both day that the two countries are proceeding last for at least 10 more years. Arab governments and Israel. with studies of Joint Siberian natural gas The Chinese have protested against Ameri­ Nixon and Ceausescu formally signed three projects despite their Middle East confron­ can or Japanese investments in Siberia. How­ agreements yesterday. tation and the Nixon administration's new ever, the Japanese, who already are almost One provides for the continuation of Pan policy of energy independence. 100 per cent dependent on foreign oil and gas American World Airways' operations to U.S. officials said that the first three-sided supplies, are enthusiastic. Bucharest and beyond Romania to the Near talks including the Japanese may be held Officials sar that Joint Japanese-American East. It also authorizes Tarem, the Roma­ early in 1974, to decide on exploration of gas investment in Siberia might be one way of nian national airline, to open services to New fields in the Soviet province of Yakutsk. carrying out Secretary of State Henry A. York next year. These fields, which eventually would cost at Kissinger's promise to seek ways of helping Another agreement permits Romanian least $4-billion to develop and would require allied countries hurt by the energy crisis. fishing vessels to call at ports of Baltimore, U.S. government underwriting, could pro­ It is still not known if the Yakutsk fields New York and Philadelphia for repairs and duce gas for the West Coast of the United possess adequate reserves to warrant major rests for their crews. States. investments. At the trilateral meeting to be The third ls a tax convention, similar to At the height of the Middle East crisis in held in 1974, a protocol will have to be drawn other treaties With European countries, re­ October, Deputy Soviet Minister of Foreign up concerning test exploration, officials said. moving tax barriers to the flow of investment Trade Nikolai O. Osipov held two weeks of Its total cost is estimated at $150 million and to individuals. intensive talks with administration officials and would be shared by the U.S. and Japan. A Joint declaration setting forth new prin­ in Washington and with company execu­ Until now, the Soviets have been reluctant ciples for expanded relations between the tives in Houston. to allow foreign geologists and experts to two countries was to be signed today. The head of the Japanese gas consortium, work on scene. Ceausescu, disclosing the forthcoming Haroshi Anzai, president of the Bank of American experts say that the scale and pledges in a dinner toast at the White House Tokyo, is due in Houston early in Decem­ complexity of the Yakutsk project is over­ last night, said the declaration would be "a ber to discuss the Yakutsk project with whelming. Temperatures drop as low as document of historical importance" for fu­ American businessmen, officials said. minus 80 degrees and permafrost is 1,500 feet ture relations between the United States and The continued activity suggested an effort deep. Romania. by all three of the countries involved in the Under present plans, U.S. companies would In his toast, Nixon pledged that U.S. rela­ Siberian studies-the United States, Russia, provide drilllng equipment, liquifaction tions with world superpowers would be pur­ and Japan-to keep the possibility of coop­ plants and tankers and the Japanese would sued in a way that would not infringe on eration alive during a period when strong provide financing and 48-inch pipe to trans­ the independence of smaller nations. arguments are being marshalled against U.S. port the gas from Yakutsk to Khabarovsk on Ceausescu said more efforts would have to participation. the Chinese border, and thence to the port be made to insure a place for smaller nations President Nixon has called for the United of Nakhodka on the Sea of Japan. in international affairs "based on equal States to become self-sufficient in energy by Two American consortia have been nego­ rights and regardless of size." 1980. Also, he has described the Middle East tiating with Japanese and Soviet representa­ Diplomatic sources said, meanwhile, that crisis as the worst Soviet-American con­ tives on participation in Yakutsk. Ceausescu has decided to cut short his visit jf'rontation since the 1962 Cuban missile . Large gas reserves already are known to to several states at the end of his Washing~ crisis. The crisis was a double blow to the exist in the Urengoy gas field in Northern ton schedule and return to Bucharest. The hopes for American economic development Siberia. Nicknamed "North Star," it would sources said that Ceausescu would leave for of Siberia because it highlighted the risks be. linked by a pipeline to the Barents Sea, Romania tomorrow, eliminating plans to of having important fuel resources located in from which tankers would take the fuel to travel to North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, other countries and also raised doubts about the East Coast of the United States. Louisiana, Florida and Connecticut. He had the durabllity of the administration's de- American companies have completed feasi­ planned to leave from New York City Mon- tente policy. · bility studies, but a major government com­ day. · · - · · · Forces opposed to detente with influence mitment of credits and guarantees would be The State Department declined to comment in Congress, such as the AFL-CIO, are against necessary before any investment could be on the report. government guarantees and credits for the made. massive investments. Legislation would be [From the Washington Star-News, needed to increase the present $20-billion (From the Washington Star-News, Dec. 5, Dec. 6, 1973] lending authority of the Export-Import 1973) THE TOASTS WERE ALL OPTIMISTIC Bank if the projects are to go forward. ROMANIA MAY Am UNITED STATES WITH MORE (By Isabelle Shelton) After the Middle East war, some official OIL U.S. sources said that the energy situation President Nicolae ceausescu of Romania Some people thought the toasts at last might force this country to reconsider in­ is understood to have indicated that his night's White House dinner for Romanian vesting billions in Siberia instead of at country could be helpful in alleviating the President Ceausescu set a record length. home. current oil shortage in the United States. But Henry Kissinger said NO. Nevertheless, Soviet sources in Washing­ The issue was brought up yesterday during With no more than the usual twinkle in ton said this week that commercial contacts discussions the Romanian leader had at the his eye, the Secretary of State insisted: "the are continuing. White House and the State Department, record is held by the Emperor of Ethiopia, One U.S. official said that the Middle East knowledgeable diplomatic sources reported. and the president of Mexico is second (that's aftermath was "one factor," but he added Romania, one of the few oil-producing the preceding president, not the current that "nobody is going to stop looking for countries in Europe, currently is exporting one)." energy." some 17 million barrels of crude oil and oil Whether or not their 39 minutes of toasts The price of Siberian natural gas, they products a year to the United States. The set any records, President Nixon and his say, looks much more competitive than it quantity could be doubled easily, "if the Communist guest of honor vied with each did only a few months ago. Studies com­ price is right," the Romanian leader is said other over who could say the warmest, most pleted last summer indicated that Siberian to have explained. optimistic things about the relationships be­ natural gas landed at U.S. ports would cost Ceausescu and his wife arrived here yes­ tween their two countries. $1.25 to $1.50 per thousand cubic feet. Do­ terday. They had spent Monday night at "Something very profound and something mestic natural gas at the wellhead now costs Ca.mp Davld. very positive" has happened to the world in 25 cents per thousand cubic feet, and about In welcoming ceremonies at the White the last six years, changing it for the better, 60 cents in New York City. However, indus­ House, President Nixon promised "the same President Nixon said. try officials believe that these costs could warm-hearted welcome" in this country for A "very costly war" is over, "a new rela­ double under a controlled price rise or de­ Ceausescu and his wife that President and tionship has been developed between the two regulation of gas prices, bringing the price Mrs. Nixon received on a 1969 visit to Ro~ most powerful na. tions, and also a. new rela­ much closer to that of the Sovlet gas. mania. tionship between the United States and the Congressional sources who follow the Ceausescu spent 80 minutes talking with world's most populous nation." ~nergy scene closely say that the Siberian Nixon at the White House and lunched with And, Nixon added, President Ceausescu gas deal is therefore still a possibility. Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger. "has ma.de a major contribution to this pro­ Political factors may be more important White House spokesmen described the found change in the relationship between than the economic ones in determining Nixon-Ceausescu talks as dealing in gener­ nations ... he has shown wisdom and un­ whether the government will support U.S. alities, but noted that today's sessions would derstanding, and has contributed enormously investment, officials believe. The Soviet be more specific in terms of bilateral issues. to the opening of dialogues that might other­ Union would have control of the flow of gas. Romania could be helpful in smoothing ap- wise have forever been closed." December -6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40113 He· wanted to hail his visitor, Nixon said, Nixon, so both women wore :floor-length off the Chinese Communist system," Ca.rter because, "he stands for a principle that we dresses although their husbands were in speculated. · Americans believe in so deeply, the right of business suits. There wasn't time to notify What the newspapermen found, he said, every nation,·large or small, in its independ­ the guests, so the rest of the women came was "a fanatically clean place. The Com­ ence, to its freedom." in short dresses. munists have been able to clean China up. The President pledged that as this coun­ All the streets and public places are spot­ try continued its summit diplomacy with less. Even the trees Me whitewashed." other great powers, it would never "do so at More impressively, the leaders "have been the expense of "proud, fine people like our DIXIE BUSINESS MAGAZINE able to increase production to the point that friends in Romania." everyone has enough to eat. Only cooking Ceausescu said his talks with Nixon yes­ oil, cereal and cotton fibers are rationed, and terday had gone splendidly, and that he there is no shortage of them." HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE With more food has come better health would "like to see the relations between the OF GEORGIA two countries with such different social sys­ care-a great emphasis on sanitation to pre­ tems "become an example of the way in IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES vent disease, on immunization and on medi­ Which two countries can cooperate." Kissin­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 cine. ger, teased by reporters about a newspaper These changes have contributed to a life story that he had always pestered White Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, expectancy rate double of th-ait in pre-Com­ House Social Secretary Lucy Winchester to Hubert F. Lee, editor of Dixie Business munist days. In 1945, said Carter, a Chinese seat. the most attractive women next to him magazine and one of our State's more person was exp.ected. to survive no further at a White House dinner, said he couldn't outstanding citizens, has reprinted two than age 26; now the average person will do that any more at his new post as Secre­ likely live to be 52. articles which should be of interest to "It's not a government that we Americans tary of State (in which protocol determines the Members of the Senate. I ask unan­ his sea.ting companion). But he totally en­ want or like, but it does offer a secure life. joyed the new arrangement last night, Kis­ imous consent that they be printed in The government is stable, and there is no singer added gallantly. the extensions of my remarks. fear that armies will rush in during the night He was seated between Mrs. Ceausescu and There being no objection, the articles and drag people away, as there used to be." the wife of Romanian Ambassador to Wash­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "The government has been able mate­ ington Bogdan. as follows: rially to improve the life of the Chinese, and "I told them about Dracula," he said. "I the price has been a loss ·of freedom. ACE NEWSMAN REPORTS ON CHINA "China is not a police state; you don't see always tell Romanians about Dracula. (By Fay Smulevitz Joyce) Usually, they dorft know the story. Mrs. armed guards standing around. But there is Ceausescu did. But it doesn't make any dif­ Don Carter told the members of the East no self-determination. Everyone must accept ference. I just make it up." DeKalb Rotary Club that when he visited the government-assigned job, salary and edu­ While foreign policy was the focus of the Red China earlier this year, the Chinese cation. There are no strikes, no freedom to evening, there were reminders of the Nixon Communists "weren't trying to sell us on disagree." administration's Watergate problems in the their system." And there is no private property. "Beyond presence of three of the Watergate lawyers But judging by his description of the a few possessions, a Chinese is not allowed J. Fred Buzhardt, Leonard Garment and crime-free, drug-free, stable society, he was to own anything-no cars, no land, no houses. Samuel J. Powers. sold anyway on what that system had done A bicycle is the most valued possession; a · Buzhardt, who was criticized a few days for an incredible 800 million people. sewing machine is second and third is a a.go by White House Press Secretary Ronald The executive editor of the Macon Tele­ transistor radio. ~- Zeigler said: "No," he didn't regard his graph and News addressed the Rotarians Alcoholism never has been a problem, he presence at the dinner as a kind of "fare­ Tuesday after accepting the annual Distin­ said, because Chinese know how to control well," or even a farewell to his handling of guished Service Award from Dixie Business their drinking. Watergate matters. Magazine editor Hubert F. Lee. The award Factories do not lock up their tools, he But he was glad to be getting back to was based on Carter's reporting of the continued, because thievery would be futile. other White House affairs as a "change of Chinese people in a special supplement to The thief's neighbors would see him with pace," he said. the Macon newspaper. the tools and report him. Presidential assistant Bryce Harlow, who Stationed in China as the battles of World Carter said the Chinese he talked to knew returned to the White House, when Water­ War Il ended, Carter contrasted the modern of the American capitalistic system, but gate disclosure forced the resignations of China to the opium dens, concubines, filth preferred theirs. The teachings of Mao have some top staff members, talked with report­ and starvation that he remembered. taken hold, and the people would rather own ers a.bout reports that he will leave soon. "I "I had taken notes when I was in China next to nothing and work for the advance­ always said that I would leave in a little 26, 27 years before, and I took them out to ment of the entire 800 million-member while," he said. "Who knows what a little compare," the Plains native began. "I remem­ society than be rewarded for hard work and while is." ber China as a country of pleasant, happy initiative by making more money than the President Nixon got his signals crossed people, but it was so smelly you could hardly next person. in introducing the after-dinner entertain­ stand it. One time we saw dead bodies just "The idiom is conformity-everybody ment, the opera Society of Washington lying along the side of the road where people dresses alike, thinks alike and acts alike." singing excerpts from Rossini's "Barber of had died of cholera. During his 23-day visit Carter won a four­ Seville." "The war lords were extremely corrupt, hour interview with Premier Chou En-Lai, The singing would be in English, the Pres­ and kept all the wealth for themselves. Peo­ and praised him as a "brilliant man who ident told the audience in the East Room, ple were starving to death. Eighty per cent could have been President of the United because although the Romanians could "un­ of the population was illiterate; .only those States or Prime Minister of Great Britain." derstand it better in Italian, since their lan­ destined for a job in the government bu­ He characterized the Chinese people as a guages are similar, none of us would be able reaucracy were senit to school. while as "brilliant," with a "breadth and to understand it." "There was little or no electricity and the scope of knowledge that amazed me." When the voices came out loud and clear water was unsanitary. A civil war was going The former Atlanta Journal and National in Italian, the President quipped: "If that on between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Tse­ Observer editor played down the possibility was English, my Italian is awfully rusty." Tung. We weren't allowed to say anything, of China's endangering the United States. Since the opera was about a barber, th•> but we saw radical changes had to take place. "The Chinese now hate the Russians a lot President noted, his own White House bar­ Everywhere there was hunger, mass in:flation, more than they hate the Americans," he ber, Milton Pitts, had been invited in to hear no security, complete disregard for human offered. "There's 6,000 miles of border they the entertainment. rights." share with Russian, and there have been "He told me he's really a hair stylist, but I After the World War ended the civil war some incidents. They feel those will erupt told him he didn't have much to work on raged on until October l, 1949, when Mao into major problems, and they'll want some with me." marched in to Peking to take over and name friends then." There had been a mix-up about dress the People's Republic of China. All foreign­ Rather than us_ing force, the Red Chinese for the dinner, but nobody seemed to mind. ers were kicked out, ex,cept the Communist are trying to "sell" their way of life to the While White House state dinners usually call Russians. The bamboo curtain of secrecy people of North Africa and the rest of Asia, for black tie for men and long dresses for cloaked the country where one-quarter of he added. women, this one was to be business suits for the world's population lives and was only Mao Tse-Tung has tried to create a new men and short dresses for women because lifted in February, when President Nixon kind of moral man, Carter believes, and he the Communists said they preferred it. was welcomed in. has no fears of Chinese aggression as long But when Mrs. Ceausescu arrived yester­ Shortly afterward, China's officials invited a.s the 80-year-old philosopher remains head day morning, she asked what the usual cus­ the American Society of Newspaper Editors of the country. tom is and was told it was long dress. She to pick 22 of its members to glimpse the "I'm afraid of what will happen after he said she had brought two and would like to awakened gia,n,t. dies," he admitted. "I'm afraid those younger wear one. The word was passed on to Mrs. "I think they invited us in order to show leaders might not be so peaceful. Eight hun- 40114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 dred million obedient people like that, in the From this list, the News established a paid editorial view of the weekly newspaper. bands of a Hitler • • :• circulation version of the free, larger paper ~he Lackawanna Front Page, published PUBLISHING VENTURE STARTED WITH ORANGE with a. different front page and several ad­ CRATE, PORTABLE TYPEWRITEB, ditional inside pa.ges changed to coverage of m Erie County. N.Y., which was brought to my attention by that publication's A newspaper which was started with port­ governmental, business and professional news able typewriter and an orange crate has and features. very thoughtfuI and able publisher Mr. grown into one of the publishing giants in The pa.id paper in mid-1973 was designated William Delmont. • the southeast. as the County's Legal Organ and the Busi­ At this point, Mr. Speaker, I add this It was in March of 1949 that Bud and Mary ness and Financial Review and legal adver­ constructive and provocative editorial. Crane. with $600 and a lot of fortitude, put tising tabloid went into it for the pa.id sub­ the 15 scribers. carried on page one in November together the first edition. edition of Mr. Delmont's publication, to It was named the Decatur News since it In October, a fourth publication-the third my remarks: lntially covered only the city of Decatur free newspaper-will crank up in northside with saturation delivery of 5,000 papers. Atlanta. Based in Sandy Springs it will be WORKING ALL DAY FOR THE U.S.A.-AN OPEN And it was unique in that it was one of known as the Northside Sun. LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT the first really legitimate free (the industry In combination, the four papers will circle Not long a.go we read about Julie Nixon Ei­ calls it controlled circulation) newspapers the metro area saturating the suburban senhower's comment on the way her dad in the south. market, offering an advertising package felt about the troubles he's got. She said The others had been mostly advertising reacbing--0ne area--or a combination of the "Some mornings he doesn't even want to' circulars sometimes with a. sprinkling of three, with more than 150,000 newspapers. get out of bed." highly partisan news or "canned" filler ma­ A modern new Goss urbanite offset press This letter to Mr. Nixon ls prompted by terials sent to newspapers by firms promot­ capable of printing a. 48-page broad sheet that remark, and is meant to reflect at least ing various products and ideas. newspaper at speeds up to 50,000 per hour, some Americans• understanding of their Bud Crane had been night foreman in the recently went into use at the headquarters President's predicament, some appreciation composition department of Atlanta. News­ of the publishing firm. of the thankless tasks he undertakes in papers, Inc. As a. sideline, the Cranes operated The fl.rm also retains its former 24-page our behalf, and some encouragement to him a small service station at Church Street and capacity, 30,000-per-hour Fairchild Color to continue doing the work before him until Sycamore St. in Decatur. King offset press to help it meet the dem.ands such time as, in the providence of God we They found that there was no way to get of its fast-growing printing business for will look to another to lead us as a nation their advertising message to all of their po­ other publishers. and a people. tential customers. Other merchants, they Many of the area's and the nation's best We offer no excuses or apology for Mr. Nix­ found, were in the same dilemma.. known periodicals a.re printed in the News on's administration. Let the chips fall where So the idea. came. plant including an occasional foreign-lan­ they may. Every American has already been Why not start a newspaper, deliver it to guage publication. made aware that arrogance, greed, dishon­ every home and business in Decatur and as­ The News/Sun publications are distributed esty and incredible hypocrisy has infected sure each merchant who advertised in it that from especially built motorized vans and are the precincts of power in Washington in the he would be reaching every potentt,al cus­ placed in plastic bags-sea.led on rainy days-­ last five yea.rs to the extent that citizens tomer in his market area? to assure that a dry newspaper reaches the everywhere have become confused. disgusted Let the advertiser pay for delivery. But it reader. and cynical. The resultant political aliena­ wasn't easy in the early days. Free newspapers Employees total nearly a hundred, and the tion of the people is not only regrettable, but in the south were scorned by big advertising publishing firm no longer is confined to the scary. For in the secular order, it ls an ax­ agencies and many big advertisers. rear of the bowling alley, having bought the iom that democratic processes of government Their poor reputation had been created whole building in the early 1960's with a. require positive faith and hope from the by the "shoppers" which threw all journal­ front door on Atlanta Avenue and later participating electorate. People must believe istic principles to the wind and did very little building one of the south's most modern, that government can serve them, and that by to either cover local news or to be impartial and best equipped newspaper and publish­ their earnest, honest, collective efforts, will 1n that coverage. ing plants on DeKalb Industrial Way in serve them. The Cranes literally produced their own North Decatur. Unfortunately, 1n President Nixon's second newspaper alone in the early days, using "You might say we are built on a lot of term, this faith and hope is fading from the high school and college students with no pay faith, hard work and good credit," says faces of the American people. And, in all to assist. The first office was on West Ponce Publisher Bud Crane. Mary Crane says it candor, we must confess that Richard Mil­ de Leon in Decatur. Later it was moved to a was a. case of filling a demand by the com­ hous Nixon, willingly or not, is the primary Church Street location. munity and the merchants for a full-cover­ architect of our disillusionment. The scan­ But the demand for a competitive medium age newspaper. dals of this administration a.re enormous was great and many small businessmen, de­ Today, the publlshing venture includes and not easily forgotten. livery boys and others helped out in many their son, Jerry, who started in the business Having said this, we would get on to the ways to keep the struggling publishing ven­ at the bottom-"inserting" papers on publi­ point of this letter. ture alive. cation day when they were run one section Richard M. Nixon is a man and our Pres­ Gradually, the concept began to catch on. at a time and had to be assembled before ident. As a. man he's bleeding. As our Pres­ Advertising volume increased as readers be­ delivery. ident he's discouraged. No one should take gan to rely more and more on the paper for He ls Executive Vice-President. joy in the sight of a. man bleeding. And no news 11.nd information about their commu­ Their son-in-law Rick Sauers heads up the citizen should assist those pitiless; ven­ nity and their neighbors. commercial. printing division of the firm, geance-prone individuals in our society who From a one-room operation, the News ex­ which obviously isn't yet finished making its wish to humiliate and bring low among men panded into an old bowling alley on the mark on the publishing industry. the President of the United States. Square in Decatur and put it in its own press Undoubtedly Richard Nixon has failed to and typesetting equipment. fulfill, in all of their implications, his oath and obligation to the Constitution of the Circulation was expanded outside the City THE LACKAWANNA FRONT PAGE'S of Decatur as the free newspaper caught on United States. Let the law take its course. OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT But as God-fearing men and women let us and became accepted and shopping centers forgive the human weakness of our brother emerged in outlying areas. The paper was Richard. And as Americans, let us all unite ~ renamed the Decatur-DeKalb News and by HON. JACK F. KEMP thanking him, despite his faults, for getting 1959-10 years after it was started-was dis­ OF NEW YORK up every day and getting on with the work tributing 14,000 papers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Presidency. A weekly newspaper with that kind of cir­ You and I have only one President. Sha.me culation was unheard of in the southeast. Thursday, December 6, 1973 on us if we allow friend or foe, alien or na­ Older, more established paid circulation pub­ tive, to show disrespect or dishonor to the lishers frowned on the "unpaid" upstarts. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, this Chamber man who occupies that august office. For bet­ The News publishers founded a sister has echoed and reechoed with condem­ ter or worse, he's the leader of forces for paper, the South Side Sun, in 1966 to give nation and defense of the Office of the man's freedom in this world. similar saturation news a.nd advertising cov­ President as a result of the continuing There is a Constitution. There is personal erage to the Tri-Cities and southside Atlanta Watergate investigation. conscience. There ls an all-just, all-seeing a.rea. Daily, major newspapers, networks God. From the beginning the News had main­ and other widely influential news media Richard Nixon must face the Constitution tained a paid circulation list of subscribers before the people, the Congress, and the who did not llve in its free distribution area confront the people of the United States Courts. but who wanted to get the pa.per for its news with accounts, charges. countercharges. In the privacy of self he must face his value. and comment concerning these ongoing conscience. These included servicemen college stu­ investigations and the activities of that At the end of it au, like the most humble dents. Decaturttes who had moved to other office. :-i:~~~oma.n in the country, he must face cities and others. With this in mind, I want to share an December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40115 But for us, now, there is only one course to (He especially urged his brethern to sup­ IS SELF-SUFFICIENCY REALLY take, and that is to say, "Take courage, Mr. port two Masonic youth organizations. WHAT WE WANT President, and continue to do those things DeMolay, for boys-"I'm appealing to you that, day by day, are required by your office, to help them. They will soon be knocking for, until ordained otherwise, the fate of the at our door seeking admission.'' And Job's Republic is in your hands," Daughters, for girls.) HON. J. J. PICKLE 5. "Visit your sick and distressed OF TEXAS there is nothing so good as to be visited by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOWARD MOORE ALBAUGH friends • . . and to be told, 'Keep your chin up, keep fighting.'" (Howard Albaugh knew Thursday, December 6, 1973 whereof he spoke; he had just won a long Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, Mr. An­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON battle, he said, "Thanks to you, my friends.") 6. Pay your dues. Don't be in arrears. And thony Lewis of the New York Times has OF :MARYLAND he quipped this item whi{:h brought warm a wise word of warning about self-suffi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES laughs from those assembled, a moment of ciency in the energy field. Thursday, December 6, 1973 mirth that will linger as legend with his If self-sufficiency means that we are many brethren who carry dues cards signed going to be willing to adjust our profli­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, Howard by Howard Albaugh: gate use of energy, then this will be a Moore Albaugh, a personal friend of "Now if you were to die tomorrow and you noble goal, he says. But, he warns, if mine, a Masonic brother, and a revered were a. couple years in arrears, how would you feel?" self-sufficiency means an inward-look­ community leader, has passed away. Mr. ing effort to continue a wasteful style of Albaugh was not a well-known national Howard Albaugh was never in arrears, not in dues, not in attendance, not in saying life regardless of international conse­ figure-the kind of person you would see "Yes," not in interest in his work, not in quences, then we may be opening the or read about regularly in the media. No; recruiting youth, not in remembering the door t.o disaster. Mr. Albaugh was a local figure-a man sick and distressed, not in friendship, not in I agree with the basis for his think­ whose stature was gained by doing things morality, not in brotherly love, nor in any ing-that the age of cheap energy is now behind the scenes, by saying "yes" to of the cardinal virtues which enabled this past and cannot be recaptured by 1980 community work, by recruiting youth for man to walk so uprightly before God and or any other near date. unselfish civic causes, by remembering man. And as the youth he described, "knocking Mr. Lewis offers the alternative of con­ the sick, by friendship, by morality, an_d on our door seeking admission," may the servation as our best hope, and I agree by brotherly love toward the masomc distinct knocks o! Howard Moore Albaugh with him here, too. order be so faithfully served. In tribute be answered from within-where he will be I would like to reprint Mr. Lewis' arti­ to Mr. Albaugh I now commend to you reunited with his loving wife Effie and other cle from the December 3, 1973, Times in an edit.orial which recently ran in the loved ones; and sit again in that Supreme the RECORD at this time: Lodge with all his friends and brethern that Frederick News-Post: A FORTRESS AMERICA? HOWARD MOORE ALBAUGH have gone before, to "that house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." (By Anthony Lewis) "May their souls through the mercy of God rest in peace." BOSTON .-A ma.in theme in the rhetoric These were the prophetic words pro­ of the energy crisis is the need for American nounced just a few days ago by Howard self-sufficiency. That is the goal of President Moore Alba.ugh in asking that a large gath­ VICE PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD Nixon's Project Independence--to insure, as ering of his brethren and their ladies observe he put it, that by 1980 "Americans will not a. moment of silence in memory of two de­ have to rely on any source of energy beyond parted members of his fraternity-Harry O. our own." Schroeder and Elmer R. Bokesch. HON. ELLA T. GRASSO Self-reliance is generally an admirable Mr. Albaugh died unexpectedly Sunday OF CONNECTICUT trait. But in discussion of world resources and energy it can have disturbing overtones. at his home. He was 80 years old. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He had intoned the belief to his audience It sounds a little too much like the economic of friends that certainly these two men who Thursday, December 6, 1973 nationalism of the nineteen-thirties, with its had served their communities, their Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ disastrous influence toward international churches, and their Mason!~ organizations so tension and war. ber 12, GERALD FORD was called to serve If we think past the present concerns with faithfully throughout their lives were "cer­ his country as its 4oth Vice President. tainly here in spirit among us" to celebrate scarce heating oil and closed gasoline sta­ the lOOth anniversary of Lynch Lodge No. Today the House followed the Senate in tions; we recognize that the long-term en­ 163, AF&A Masons. giving his nomination resounding ap­ ergy problem poses a profound threat to our Even a.t his grand 80 years and seldom proval. whole system of international relations, eco­ nomic and political. It could break down the having missed a meeting of the several or­ In this crucial time in the history of ganizations in which he remained active to network of trade that has been one of the the end, Hr. Albaugh took the time (and our great Nation-when a widespread world's great postwar achievements and he was not given to brevity) to make what crisis in confidence in the institutions of bring on atavistic attitudes of hoarding, must now be considered a final appeal for government exists-it is important that plunder and economic warfare. keeping the fires of membership and service Stuart Hampshire, the Oxford philosopher, the Vice President have a long record of has put in a few words what it is we fear. a.live in a.ny organization-whether it be the dedication, integrity, and dependability. church, the Masons, the Knights of Colum­ The successive crises over wheat and oil, he bus, the Eagles, civic clubs or whatever. Those of us who have served in the said, suggest that "we are entering a period His talk was entitled, "Put Another Log House with JERRY FORD know that he pos­ of intense, nervous competition for scarce on the Fire," and it carried a universal mes­ sesses these qualities. resources among countries and alliances, a. pe­ sage so important in this era of atomized riod in which every group of countries an­ It is also important that he brings to ticipates that the weak will be cut off from families, declining membership in churches the office 25 years of service in the House and organizations, and increasing reverence the diminishing resources necessary to sur­ with 9 as minority leader. For his knowl­ vival. Ea.ch group therefore grabs: a Darwin­ to things, more of material than of intrinsic ian nightmare." value. edge of the Legislature is as vast as the in his him. The Arabs' use of oil as a crude political Briefly, Howard Alba.ugh defined six "logs" respect which colleagues hold weapon gives us a taste of the barbarous that must be put on the "fire" if the "eternal Hopefully, for the first time during this world we could find ourselves in. Some Amer­ flame" of service to others is to be kept administration there will be an under­ ican intelectuals have now talked of with­ alive: standing presence high in the executive holding food and manufactured goods from 1. Attend the meetings of the institutions branch who knows and honors the ever­ Arab countries as a counterweapon-a sad or organizations to which you belong. "Don't indication of how quickly economic discourse let it up to a faithful few to keep the home present need of working with Congress may be brutalized. fires burning," he said. for the betterment of our Nation. Indeed, In terms of America's energy goals, "self­ 2. "Don't say 'No.' Do your best. You'll this cooperation is an essential ingredient sufficiency" can imply two very different feel good you helped." in achieving solutions t.o the energy crisis things. It can mean an inward-looking, self­ 3. If you are an officer, "be interested in and other pressing problems of our time. ish program designed to continue an extraor­ your work. The responsibility that goes with dinarily wasteful style of life, regardless it is more than just sitting in chairs." JERRY FORD will be missed in the House. He has our hopes and prayers for the of international consequences. Or it can 4. "Youth. Get youth active. Some of us mean an attempt to adjust America's prof­ 70 to 80 don't know how long the Supreme d a ys ahead. ligate use o! energy and other resources to Architect will allow us to be here. The future May the Nation benefit from his ex­ the realistic necessities of international of any organization depends on youth." perience in our time of great need.. peace and order. 40116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 President Nlxon has made lt clear t hat he vious that he is admired and respected 4. Car -pools of county employees com­ sees restraint and conservation in the use by all for his very quiet and positive muting to and from work are encouraged. of energy as only temporary requirements Be it further resolved, that the County for Americans. By 1980, he said, "we wlll manner. As a fellow member of the House Judiciary Committee, I have also found Civil Defense Director, Mr. Tim O'Laughlin, once again have those plentiful supplies of be and hereby is designated as the County inexpensive energy which helped. to build that he is a very capable lawYer. Energy Coordinator for the duration of the the greatest industrial nation." Men like BILL KEATING will always crisis with the charge that he shall develop, It ls hard to find any qualified expert who move on and up. Therefore, I join with coordinate and administer a County Energy thinks the United States can recapture the my other colleagues in wishing him well Emergency Plan at the earliest practicable age of cheap energy, by 1980 or any ot her in his new position as editor of the Cin­ date, consistent with federal and state guide­ foreseeable date. But even setting the goal cinnati Enquirer. Although, we need men lines, for the review and approval of the would have large consequences. County Board. It would be a commitment to continue like BILL KEATING here in the House of Representatives, we also need such men Be it further resolved that said County the energy-intensive direction of our society, Energy Emergency Plan shall include but doubling our consumption of energy every in the news media. We will miss him, but not be limited to regulations and guidelines 15 or 20 years. It would be a signal to ordi­ know that success will always be his. governing the use of energy resources in Scott nary citizens to go on expect ing a life of County during the crisis period. limitless energy-and to create demands based on that expectation. To follow that path would mean immense NELSEN LAUDS SCOT!' COUNTY capital investment in new energy sources. EFFORTS IN ENERGY CONSERVA­ It would mean accepting severe environ­ CRIME CONTROL-NO. 10 ment damage and, in t he short run, serious TION risks from proliferating nuclear fission gen­ erating plants. But the more profound implications are HON. ANCHER NELSEN HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE OF INDIANA for America's relations with the rest of the OF MINNESOTA world. With 6 per cent of the world's popu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lation, we now use 30 per cent of its energy. To continue on that road in an age of de­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 Thursday, December 6, 1973 clining resources and technological strain­ Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, one to persist in the dream of two large cars in Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, we are all well aware of how pervasive the energy of the arguments so often used by the every garage when our friends fear paralysis gun control lobbyists is an argument of their societies-can only alienate us from crisis is. All units of Government and the rest of mankind. Indeed, the vision must all individuals are being called upon to based upon a misunderstanding of the be of a Fortress America. do their part to help save gas and heat­ Constitution. One of my recent corres­ The idea of withdrawing int o a fortress ing oil, to C\J.t down on the use of elec­ pondents phrased the argument in this will always appeal to some. But it is not trical power and to conserve our Na­ manner: only wrong morally-because so much of tion's fuel resources. I would like to bring The Constitution clearly gives us the right the world, developed and underdeveloped, to own guns only to establish "a well-regu­ depends on economic relationships with the to the attention of my colleagues the lated militia." United States. It is also wrong as a matter action taken by one of the counties in of self-interest. We learned in the nineteen­ my district to comply with the Presi­ This is obviously a stock argument of thirties that no country can wall out the dent's directives. I want to commend the the gun control lobby which will not hesi­ rest of the world's economic distress. And Scott County commissioners for the tate to cite from "a document written for even the richest country may be endangered early and official action in this area, an agrarian society" if it in any way can if distress sets loose violence. and I hope we see the same kind of co­ be turned to the lobby's ends. There is one real alternative to t he vision of limitless energy and luxury as our credo. operation throughout the country in the Before I analyze the argument, I would That is the ethic of conservation; not sav­ crucial days ahead. Mr. Speaker, I place like to include here the complete text of ing by such marginal notions as turning the resolution immediately fallowing my the second amendment: down home thermostats but conservation remarks in the RECORD: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to through fundamental social choices, requir­ RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING A SCOT!' COUNTY the security of a free State, the right of the ing changes in value. POLICY ON THE NATIONAL ENERGY CRISIS people to keep and bear arms, shall not be The symbols of necessary change are at infringed. hand. To take just one, does it make sense Whereas, it has become apparent through­ for the United States to go on now with an out the nation that the citizens of the United This amendment, which explicitly says enormous highway-building program? States will soon be faced with an energy "the right of the people to keep and bear Changing our attitudes toward energy use crisis of critical significance; and Whereas, said energy crisis bas been rec­ arms shall not be infringed" has been will be a long and complicated process, used by the gun control lobby as an argu­ raising tough problems of how such deci­ ognized by federal and state leaders to the extent that President Nixon has requested ment in favor of infringement of the sions should be made in a capitalist democ­ right to keep and bear arms. How has the racy. But there is only one way to begin: of the Chairman of the Scott County Board by leadership. That means politicians who of Commissioners by telegram, that measures gun control lobby achieved this prepos­ do not give us empty promises of plenty but be taken by the citizens of Scott County to terous reversal, and more importantly, teach us the necessity of living a more frugal conserve on energy in its various forms; and why have the infringers got away with and more rational life, as part of a world Whereas, the Scott County Board of Com­ an explicit reversal of the language and community sharing its 1·esources. That is missioners has acknowledged through the sense of the amendment? lengthy discussion, the need to develop a the only way to dispel the Darwinian night­ The answer is quite simple. The argu­ mare. policy for county offices and guidelines for the citizens of Scott County with respect to ment which achieves the reversal of the the conservation of energy during the crisis sense of the amendment runs as follows: period. A TRIBUTE TO HON. WILLIAM J. the dependent clause "a well regulated Now therefore be it resolved by the Board militia being necessary to the security of KEATING of Commissioners in and for the County of Scott, Minnesota, that the following steps a free State" contains the only reason shall be taken by all offices and employees why people should be allowed to keep and HON. TRENT LOTT of Scott County to preserve energy for the bear arms, and since a well regulated OF MISSISSIPPI duration of said crisis, to-wit: militia already exists in the National IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. The use of electric lights and appliances Guard, the right of the people to keep shall be curtailed to a minimum consistent and bear arms may be infringed at will, Tuesday, December 4, 1973 with safety requirements. since the purpose of that right has al­ Mr. LOTT. Mr. Speaker, as a new 2. Thermostats shall be maintained at a Member of Congress this year, I have maximum of 68° in all offices and facilities ready been achieved. been particularly sensitive to the treat­ controlled by the county. I do not wish to discuss the nature of 3. County owned vehicles as well as pri­ ment I have received from my colleagues militias and of the National Guard, for vate vehicles used in the service of the county that issue is not central to the argu­ in the House of Representatives. I have and for which mileage is paid its operator found BILL KEATING to be one of the most shall be restricated to the maximum speed ment. What is central is the argument cordial and inspirational young leaders of 50 miles per hour. except for county that the establishment of a militia is the of the House of Representatives. Al­ vehicles operating under emergent condi­ only reason the Constitution gives the though only in his second term, it is ob- tions. people the right to keep and bear arms. December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40117 It is this argument which must be chal­ YOUNG REPUBLICAN NATIONAL ably higher interest for comparable credit. lenged. FEDERATION OPPOSES LOAN TO and Simply stated, the Constitution does Whereas, these Export-Import Ba.nk credits RUSSIA would be used by the Soviet Union for the not give rights to anyone, either the peo­ purchase of American technology such as ple or the States. If the gun control advanced computers which would greatly as­ lobbyists would pay more attention to HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS sist them in developing a MmV warhead the language of the Constitution, they OF IDAHO capability comparable to that of the United might notice that the second amendment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States, and does not give a right, but regards the Whereas, the Soviet Union has continued right in question as already possessed by Thursday, December 6, 1973 to increase its strategic nuclear force and the people, and forbids infringement of Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, next week develop a first strike capability; has con­ tinued its policy of repression; has refused to that already existing right. we in the House are being asked by the permit free emigration of its citizens; and More important, however, is the nature Nixon administration to act favorabably has stated that it is using detente only as a of the Constitution itself. The States by on the Trade Reform Act of 1973. But means to achieve military -and economic the Constitution created a Central Gov­ under the provisions of this legislation superiority, and ernment and delegated to it certain of the U.S. Export-Import Bank would be Whereas, under the Johnson Act of 1934, their powers which are specifically enu­ permitted to continue to subsidize the Most Favored Nation status to any country merated in the Constitution, principally economy of Soviet Russia at the expense in arrears on payments of debts to the United in article I. The Central Government, of the American taxpayer. The Ex-Im States is specifically prohibited, therefore be Bank plans to lend the Soviets $180 mil­ it therefore, is not authorized to exercise Resolved, That the Young Republican Na­ any powers which the State governments lion at 6 percent interest for a new fer­ tional Federation, while recognizing the ne­ did not delegate to it. Since the States at tilizer plant. Mr. Speaker, this is an cessity of American industry to seek out new no place and time have given the Central outrage to the American public. Some markets abroad, due partially to over regula­ Government the power to register, regu­ Americans must now pay 10 percent in­ tion at home, opposes the granting of any late, or confiscate arms owned by their terest if they must borrow money in U.S. Government credits to the Soviet Union, citizens, the Central Government has order to educate their children. Others Red China, or any other non-market country no power to engage in such activities. must pay interest rates almost as high which denies its citizens the right to emi­ in order to buy a home. grate, and be it also The Central Government, in short, can Resolved, That the Young Republican Na­ do only what it is permitted to do by How, at the same time, can we lend tional Federation opposes giving "Most Fav­ the Constitution. Neither it nor the Con­ taxpayers' money to the Communists­ ored Nation" status to the Soviet Union or stitution is the source of the rights of our sworn enemy-or any foreign coun­ Red China, and be it further the States and their citizens. The States try for that matter at such low rates? Resolved, That copies of this resolution be are prior to the Central Government; As an additional insult, we are taxing sent to the President and all Republican the Central Government was created by Americans to build a fertilizer plant in Members of Congress. the States for the benefit of the States Russia, while our American farmers are Mr. Speaker, it is important to point and their citizens. It follows from these unable to plant some crops because of out here that this resolution had the sup­ facts that neither the Constitution nor vast shortages of fertilizer in our own port of Y.R. leaders of all philosophical the Government it established can give country. persuasion. It was sponsored by the Flor­ rights or powers to anyone. This is true Now for the worst part; it is my un­ ida Federation and seconded by the New for two reasons: First, the Constitution derstanding that the credits granted to York Y.R.'s. Furthermore, I feel that it and the Government it established are the Soviet Union will also be used to ac­ reflects the real opinions of all people derivative, not originative; and second, quire advanced computer technology at the grass roots in America, both Re­ the states by the Constitution did not which the Soviets can use to greatly ad­ publican and Democrat. delegate any power to control civilian vance their MmV warhead capability up Also, I am especially pleased that some firearms to the Central Government. to a level comparable to that of the of our political leaders recognize that Thus the argument that the Constitu­ United States. Not only does this smack American industry is over regulated at tion gives citizens the right to keep and of utter stupidity, but the main argu­ home and is therefore farced to seek bear arms under only one condition, to ment used by the administration to "sell" markets abroad wherever they can find establish a militia, is the exact opposite the recent SALT agreement-an agree­ them. It is really ironic that our busi­ of the truth. The Constitution empowers ment which gave the Soviet Union a 50- nesses find it easier to do business with the Central Government to do certain percent advantage in numbers of launch Communist Russia than with capitalist things; all other activities are dC:;nied to vehicles-to Congress and the American America. There is simply too much gov­ the Central Government. The gun con­ people was that the United States was ernment regulations and we are all the trol lobbyists wish to argue that the years ahead of the Russians in Mmv losers as a result. Constitution empowers the States or in­ technology and that the Soviets would I hope that my colleagues in the House dividuals to do certain things-own guns not obtain this capability in at least 5 will join me in supporting the Vanick in order to form a militia, in this case­ years. Consequently, it seems incredible amendment to the trade bill which prohi­ and prohibits all other activities-own to me that anyone could consider such bit taxpayer subsidized credits to the guns for self-defense or recreation, in irresponsible action which would amount enemies of the liberty of our people. this case. This, of cow·se, is a gross mis­ to forcing the American taxpayers to understanding of what the Constitution build the Soviet war machine. is, how it was created by the States, and Mr. Speaker, at their recent National how it is supposed to function. Committee meeting in Chicago the Young BUDGET REFORM But there is a more fundamental con­ Republican National Federation unani­ fusion here, which desperately needs cor­ mously passed the following resolution rection. Neither the Constitution nor any on the Trade Reform Act: HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO government gives individuals rights to Whereas, the Trade Reform Act of 1973 is OF NEW YORK do anything. Rights are granted by God: now pending in Congress, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We ho1d these truths to be self-evident, Whereas, the U.S.-Soviet wheat deal of 1972 Thursday, December 6, 1973 that all men are ... endowed by their has cost the American people over $1 billion Creator with certain unalienable rights ..." in government credits, food shortages with Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. higher prices, and inflation, and Speaker, yesterday I was unavoidably And are operable only under His law. Whereas, the Soviet Union ha-s been re-sell­ detained in my office and was unable to The notion that rights are something ing wheat to other countries at 2 to 3 times granted by human institutions is a very the price they paid for American wheat, and record my vote on roll Nos. 630 and 631. dangerous notion, for if man, not God, is Whereas, U.S. Government credits to the Had I been present, I would have voted viewed as the giver of rights, then man, Soviet Union through the Commodity Credit in favor of the amendment to implement Corp. and Export-Import Bank at the pro­ the anti-impoundment provisions at the not God, must also be viewed as the posed rate of 6 % interest will cause these same time that the budget control sec­ taker o~ rights. The result is that "the Institutions to incur a deficit of 1.7% which tions become effective. Since I strongly government giveth, and the government must be paid by the American taxpayers favor the reorganization of the Congress taketh away." while Americans would have to pay consider- to permit proper legislative branch con- 40118 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Dece~ber 6, 1973 trol over the budget process, I would referred from a variety of sources is fre- FOR FURTHER ADVICE have voted in favor of the bill on final quently raised. The Director of Personnel of ea.ch Federal pa:35age. Anyone who knows of a person seeking department or agency is available to advise employment generally has a right to bring in more detail on the requirements of law that person to the attention of the Civil and regulation regarding appointments in Service commission or an official of any that agency. He is fully committed to the COMMISSION SPELLS OUT POLICY Government department or agency. . furthering of his agency's mission and expert ON FEDERAL HIRING PRACTICES "Anyone" means just that. Employment in the proper way to do that within the referrals by Congressmen, officials of political meaning and spirit of merit principles and parties or the White House, State Governors, civil service law. HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Mayors, representatives of trade associations, OF NEW YORK labor organizations, civil rights groups, eth- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nic and racial groups, and other groups and individuals, are completely proper and legit- THE "ECONOMIC AGGRESSION" OF Thursday, December 6, 1973 imate. The major limitation in law• ls that THE ARABS Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, in recent of 5 U.S.C. 3303 which states: "An individual concerned in examining an weeks there has been a new and accel­ applicant for or appointing him in the com­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG erated series of complaints and charges petitive service may not receive or consider about abuses of the hiring procedures in OF MARYLAND a recommendation of the applicant by a Sen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the competitive Federal civil service. ator or Representative, except as to the char­ The integrity of the Civil Service Sys­ acter or residence of the applicant." Thursday, December 6, 1973 tem is a subject of continuing oversight This llmltation is not a ban on referrals. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, by the Committee on Post Office and It ls rather a restriction on the examining or appointing official as to how he may consider I wish to call the attention of my col­ Civil Service of which I am chairman. this referral. Any candidate referred through leagues to a perceptive column in the Our committee has been looking into political sources must be fully considered, Washington Post by Hobart Rowen. Mr. these charges and complaints. but only in the same manner, and subject Rowen accurately perceives the Arab oil Since this recent series of cases sur­ to the same requirements, as those which embargo as economic warfare that, if f aced and the committee began inquiries, are applied to all other candidates. This can successful, will encourage other coun­ it is interesting to note that the Civil only be done by placing the applications of people received through such referrals into tries to use the same tactics. Service Commission has prepared and [From the Washington Post, Dec. 6, 1973) issued to all departments and agencies a the regular system for receipt and considera­ clarifying statement of its policy. tion of all other candidates. Only in this THE "ECONOMIC AGGRESSION" OF THE ARABS way can equal consideration be given to (By Hoba..rt Rowen) In a covering memorandum dated Oc­ those other citizens (usually including many tober 26, 1973. Bernard Rosen, executive highly qualified people) who express in­ The extraordinary thing about the Ara..b director, explains: terest in Government employment through oil boycott is the refusal of the Western the usual channel of application in civil World to recognize it for what it is-eco­ The attached statement is self-explanatory. nomic warfare-and to deal with it in those While it contains no new policy, we believe service examinations or directly to an agen­ cy in whose program they are interested, terms. Economic aggression is no less a hos­ you may find it useful as you deal with civll tile a.ct than military aggression. service matters. without reliance on referral from a third party. So far, the Ara.b strategy has worked The memorandum was addressed to: Thus, what is prohibited ls not referrals, beautifully. It has confused and divided the but the giving of· special preferential or ex­ West, notably Japan, France, Great Britain executive officers, department and agen­ and other nations that have gone on bended cies; assistant secretaries for admin­ clusive consideration to referrals from only one source. A merit appointment can be made knee to get themselves on the Arabs' "pre­ istration; assistant administrators for only after the requirements of public notice, ferred" list. administration; executive directors, reg­ broad opportunity to apply, and common, But as The Economist observes this w,eek, ulatory agencies. realistic standards have been met. These "The Arabs are largely unimpressed with Our committee is deeply concerned must be met in fact and not just by lip western Europe's policy on Israel and will be with the preservation of the integrity of service. There needs to be an active search pushing for something stronger, like ~he for candidates from relevant sources; the cutting of trade ties and imposing actual the Federal career service. Because of the embargoes." vital importance of this matter, I believe final competition must occur among candi­ dates recruited in such a manner; and the If the Arab economic weapon succeeds in the Commission's October 24 statement final selection must be ma.de from among what purports to be its main objective-a. warrants wide circulation among the only the most highly qualified and solely retreat by Israel to the pre-1967 borders­ Members, Federal employees, and the on the basis of merit and fitness, as required what will be the next demand from the now general public. bylaw. powerful sheikhs? Their price, in political Mr. Speaker, I include the full text In addition, pursuant to the Civil Service and economic terms, is sure to escalate. Act of 1883, Federal officials are bound by a And beyond that, a new incentive will have as part of my remarks: been give to other countries or groups of STATEMENT BY U.S. CIVU. SERVICE COMMISSION Presidential order, initially promulgated by President Arthur in 1883, which without countries to use economic blackmail. This statement explains how agencies can significant change in meaning is currently It's already beginning to happen. Gabon's properly consider referrals of persons from found in Rule 4.2 of Title 5 of the Code President Omar Bongo, according to News­ various sources (including political sources). of Federal Regulations. The current Order week, is hiking the price of uranium exports. SCHEDULE C AND NONCAREER EXECUTIVES expllcitly prohibits officials, in connection Skyrocketing copper prices are the result of Appointments to key policy-determining with competitive service employment, from producing countries holding supplies off the jobs, or jobs having a close personal relation­ making "any inquiry concerning • • • po­ market. South American cotton exporters ship to an agency head or his key officials, litical affiliation." The Rule then states that have ex,traoted double an agreed-upon price are excepted from the usual merit system all disclosures concerning such matters shall from the hard-pressed Japanese. requirements. These jobs (Schedule C and be ignored, and that no discrimination shall State Department Under Secretary William Noncareer Executives) are expected to be be exercised, threatened, or promised be­ J. Casey reminds us that in 10 years, the filled by the appointment of people who are cause of political affiliation. United States will be primarily dependent on imports for nine of 13 basic raw materials, clearly in close policy and polit ical agreement EXPERTS AND CONSULTANT APPOINTMENTS with the appointing officials or have their including three very important ones-baux­ 'I'here are special provisions of law relating ite, iron ore and tin. personal confidence. Thus, political recom­ to the appointment of experts and consult­ In these circumstances, to let the Arabs' mendations and advice on such appointments ants (5 U.S.C. 3109). It is particularly im­ economic weaponry go unchallenged is noth­ is normal practice and fully supportable. portant that these provisions and the Com­ ing but a self-destruct process. Therefore, it After all, it ls these appointees who are re­ mission's implerr.entin~ instructions are fol­ was refreshing to hear William E. Simon, the sponsible for public advocacy and defense lowed carefully. The major need is to be sure new energy czar, say that the U.S. "will never of agency and administration policies and that experts and consultant appointments again be subject to economic and political programs ( or in close personal support of are genuinely that; not a subterfuge to fill blackmail by any foreign power." such people) • an operating job. Thus, the appointee must The important thing at the moment is to CAREER JOBS be a bona fide expert actually needed for keep Arab strategy in perspective. The real More than 90 % of all Federal jobs are short duration or intermittent assignment. motivation of the oil-producing nations of required by law to be filled through open the Persian Gulf is less rooted in a holy war competition and solely on the basis of merit • There is another limitation (5 U .S.C. to wipe out the State of Israel than in an and fitness. In ftlling such Jobs, the question 3110) which deals with restrictions on rec­ effort to maximize profits. of whether it is proper to consider persons ommendations for employment of relatives. True enough the Arab-Israel war provides December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40119 a. convenient backdrop for the economic boy­ and hard to develop a committee print, Rauh maintains: . cott; and an attempt to shift world hostility which it will release December 7 .. Recog­ No congressman has sided more consist­ to the Israelis. But the fa.ct is that the cut­ nizing the. many issues involved, and the ently with the haves at the expense of the back in Mideast oil production a.nd the boost have-nots than Gerald Ford. in prices began before the war, and every­ difficulty in a set of recommendations thing that one can learn from the brilliant to reform the committee structure of the I am inserting the Rauh letter at this Saudi ·oil minister, Sheikh Yamani, indicates House, the select committee designed its point in the RECORD: that the squeeze play will continue even committee print to be a working docu- [From the Washington Post, Dec. 6, 1973] after there is an Arab-Israeli settlement; ·ment in order to focus on the major is­ Keep in mind that Arab oil, which costs sues and problems related to reorganiza­ THE LIBERALS, CONGRESS AND GERALD FORD only 10 to 15 cents a. barrel to produce, is tion. The comm{ttee print is not a final The saddest thing about the confirmation being shipped now at $6 to $8 a barrel. As of Rep. Gerald Ford is what it says about cur­ economist Arnold X. Moskowitz points out, document, and in many instances dis­ rent American political standards and hori­ hiking the price that way "sets the stage for cusses alternative approaches. zons. When such liberal stalwarts as The monopoly profits of unusual dimensions." One section of the draft report dis­ Washington Post editorial page and Chalmers Yamani is already talking of $10 oil for the cusses oversight. I would like to urge my Roberts can argue for the proposition that a mid-1970's. colleagues to examine the entire report, man ought to be confirmed as Vice President Clearly, Yamani and other Arab policy­ and to give·special attention to the whole of the United States because he is financially makers have concluded that the Western honest, one can only see the flags of progress area of oversight. The draft report con­ and the high goals of our na,tion dragging in World, even if driven into a serious depres­ tains several approaches to oversight sion, would not risk military intervention. the dust. I would never have thought the In a nuclear world, no one can tell where which could be used, and I invite my col­ day would come when old friends would be that would end. Besides, Ya.man! has said, leagues to study these approaches and to urging the confirmation of an obviously un­ the Saudis would immediately blow up their make their views known. Before the Se­ qualified nominee for the vice presidency oil fields if there were to be military retali­ lect Committee on Committees begins simply because it is unnecessary for him to ation. public markup on the committee print, I say "I am not a crook." What, then, is the answer? In the longer­ would like to have the opportunity to dis­ Mr. Ford's record, as The Post and Mr. run, of course, the world must make itself' cuss oversight with as many of my col­ Roberts appear to concede, is abominable. independent of Arab oil by producing ade­ As House Minority' Leader he sought to gut quate energy from other sources. But that leagues as possible. the Voting Rights Act of 1965, take the fair may take up to 10 years, and is not the solu­ I believe that we need a separate over­ housing provisions out of the Civil Rights Act tion to the immediate problem. sight subcommittee for each authorizing of 1968, delete basic provisions from the ex­ A counter-boycott, according to most ex­ committee of the House. In my view, it is tension of the Voting Rights Act in 1969 and perts, might prove mildly annoying to some imperative that those who enact spe­ cripple the Equal Opportunity Amendments Arab states, but would lack the economic cialized legislation and are intimately of 1971. Indeed, Mr. Ford's legislative deci­ punch to be really effective. That, therefore-, familiar with the intent of Congress that sions are no less anti-civil-rights than the offers no solution-although it is sheer mad­ judicial decision of Judges Haynsworth and ness for the American government to keep up has developed during the hearings, floor Carswell ( especially when one compares his its shipments of military equipment to Arab consideration, and conference procedure, Northern surroundings with their Southern nations maintaining the oil boycott. be given the additional responsibility to background) and one might wonder whether What the nations of the Western World review the implementation of the laws the Senate intends to adopt a resolution apol­ must do, to maintain their self-respect and by the executive branch. ogizing to both Messrs. Haynsworth and dignity, is to get together-as both George We can no longer afford to enact leg­ Carswell. Ball and Paul Samuelson have suggested­ islation which expends our country's But civil rights is only the beginning. Mr. to cope as one unit with the Arabs' black­ Ford's record shows that he has consistently mail. hard earned funds without meeting the opposed programs to help the disadvantaged, The West must share its supplies, its know­ needs of our Nation. We need to end out­ and this includes votes against food stamps, how and its drive for new energy sources, dated programs and stop wasteful spend­ legal services and child care, minimum wages, rather than begging-in disarray and humil­ ing, As legislators, we must accept re­ education, Medicare, OEO, public housing, iation-for dribbles of Mideast oil. sponsibility for the implementation of public works programs, the rat extermination Arab leaders have operated on the theory t:he laws we enact and conduct meaning­ program and rent subsidies. No congressman that if faced with the choice of sacrificing ful legislative review. Unless that respon­ has sided more consistenly with the Israel and getting no oil, the Western World sibility is given to each committee, and haves at the expense of the have-nots than would swallow hard and dump the Jewish Gerald Ford. state. If the Western World doesn't want that the members who serve on those commit­ Apparently recognizing the negative weight course of action on its consicence, it can still tees, we will not be adequately discharg­ of Mr. Ford's record, The Post seeks sup­ re-group itself, and perhaps convince Arab ing our responsibility. port in the Senate Rules Committee hearings policy makers that they may have over­ When the select committee begins to and investigation which it calls "notably" reached themselves. mark up its recommendations, I intend thorough and serious." Yes, if one means to press most vigorously for strong and financial pecadillos; no, if one means qualifi­ effective oversight by each committee. cations to be Vice President. Indeed, The NEED FOR OVERSIGHT REFORM Post itself states that Mr. Ford's effort to im­ I urge my colleagues to study the alter­ peach Justice Douglas was marked by HON. DAVE MARTIN native approaches to oversight, and to "reckless statements, innuendo and great indicate their views to me or other mem­ carelessness with facts"; yet no member of OF NEBRASKA bers of the Select Committee on Com­ the Senate Rules Committee ever asked Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittees. I hope that my colleagues will Ford to explain a single one of those reck­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 join me in pressing for meaningful re­ less statements or to indicate whether they form in this critical area of responsibility. had come from Attorney General John Mr. MARTIN of Nebraska. Mr. Mitchell as part of a conspiracy to get rid of Speaker, during the more than 35 days Justice Douglas just as Mitchell had of hearings held by the Select Commit­ THE FORD NOMINATION previously conspired against Justice Fortas. tee on Committees, one of the most con­ Indeed, both Houses can be said to have sistent complaints from members and failed in their duties under the 25th Amend­ ment. That Amendment gives the President other witnesses was the lack of adequate HON. DONALD M. FRASER the right to nominate a new Vice President, oversight. I feel very strongly that any OF MINNESOTA but it gives Congress a responsibility of re­ reform of the committee system must in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES view and selection in connection with con­ clude provisions for adequate oversight Thursday, December 6, 1973 firmation far different from its obligation in activities by each committee of the any other confirmation proceeding. The sub­ House. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, today in a ject of confirmation (a potential President) The record of inadequate oversight ac­ letter to the Washington Post, Joseph and the confirmers (the full Congress rather tivities was made clear during the hear­ Rauh has outlined some cogent argu­ than the Senate) are both unique in our his­ ments for opposing the confirmation of tory. And the President and Congress are ings. The remark of one member was acting together here not to nominate and typical: "I have never felt that any com­ GERALD FORD as Vice President. confirm an executive or judicial appointee, mittee was doing an adequate job on Rauh cites Mr. FORD'S anti-civil-rights but rather to choose, in lieu of the electorate, oversight, and I felt very strongly our record and his consistent opposition to a man who must have the qualifications for committee was not doing a good job on domestic social programs as reason President of the United States. This would oversight through the years." enough to reject the minority leader's be true in any event since the only significan t The select committee has worked long nomination. attribute of the vice presidency is t he pos- 40120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 sibility of succession to the presidency. But it gate, not to cover them up," Nixon, Aug. 15, push in Congress for public :financing of becomes doubly true in the present circum­ 1973. stance where the calls for impeachment or, or "It was on March 17 that I first learned elections. The knowledge that former resignation by, the present incumbent grow of the break-in at the office of Dr. Field­ Vice President Spiro Agnew accepted daily. ing. • • . On April 25th Attorney Genera.I illegal cash "gifts" while in office and Congress, as surrogate for the voters, ts Kleindienst came to me and urged that the misuse of campaign funds by Presi­ obligated to use the tests voters use--stature, the. fact of the break-in should be disclosed dent Nixon's Re-Election Committee has competence, experience and philosophy. to the court.... " Nixon, Aug. 15, 1973. made Congress and Americans realize Financial cleanliness is not enough; a vote "This nation-Republicans, Democrats, In­ that there is a need to curb the undue for Mr. Ford on that ground is a cop-out dependents, all Americ~an have confi­ influence of special interests and the on the 25th Amendment. dence in the fa.ct that the Attorney Genera.I, The Tonkin Bay Resolution had every­ Elliot Richardson, and the special prosecu­ extortion of contributions by politicians. one's support, too-that is, almost, everyone. tor that he will appoint in this case will Truly competitive elections cannot But the heroes today are those who said have the total cooperation of the executive take place when one candidate can "no" to the Resolution and refused to rubber branch of this government. They will get to simply buy•the election by outspending stamp the White House. Maybe a new group the bottom of this thing." Nixon, May 9, his opponent. of heroes who know how to say "no" are being 1973. The entire political system of the made today. "Though I have not wished to intrude ·United States has suffered from the drop JOSEPH L. RAUH, Jr., upon the independence of the special prose­ in confidence in the Government which Former president of Americans for Demo­ cutor, I have felt it necessary to direct him, cratic Action. as an employee of the executive branch, to has resulted from Watergate. Americans make no further attempts by judicial process are clearly upset over a political system to obtain tapes, notes or memoranda of presi­ that has allowed such unethical and dential conversations." Nixon, Oct. 19, 1973. criminal activities to take place. Recent INTEGRITY AND THE PRESIDENCY "You remember the famous case involv­ opinion polls bear this out. The Septem­ ing Thomas Jefferson where Chief Justice ber 30 Gallup poll found 65 percent of Marshall, then sitting as a tria.1 judge, sub­ those surveyed endorsing public financ­ poenaed a letter which Jefferson had written 24 HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE which Marshall thought or felt was necessary ing of elections; only percent opposed OF MISSOURI evidence in the trial of Aaron Burr. Jeffer­ it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son refused to do so, but it did not result in I now insert an article by David a. suit. What happened was, of course, a Adamany from the October 1973 issue of Thursday, December 6, 1973 compromise in which a summary of the con­ the Progressive into the CONGRESSIONAL Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, as the tents of the letter which was relevant to the RECORD that explains the need for public trial was produced by Jefferson.... ., Nixon, financing of elections: question of impeachment is considered Oct. 26, 1973. by the Congress, and as we all seek to PUBLIC FINANCING: A CURE FOR THE CURSE OF "Understanding that it ls thought im­ SLUSHF'uNDS heed the recurring admonitions to avoid portant that a letter of Nov. 12, 1806, from partisanship, the following editorial re­ General Wilkinson to myself, should be pro­ (By David Ada.many) lating to this problem appeared in what duced in evidence on the charges against If Gallup-type polls are the seismograph is generally recognized as our Nation's Burr, ... I send you a copy of it, omitting of American opinion, Watergate has regis­ most neutral newspaper, the Christian only certain passages.•.. " President Thomas tered at least one earthquake of major pro­ Science Monitor. on November 30, 1973: Jefferson, September, 1807. (Italics added.) portions on the political Richter scale. Nine "Before their existence became publicly years ago, Americans opposed public finan­ INTEGRITY AND THE PRESIDENCY known, I personally listened to a number of cing of Presidential campaigns by a lopsided When once asked for a statement on her them (the tapes)." Nixon, July 28, 1973. seventy-one per cent to eleven per cent. politics, the founder of this newspaper, Mary "As a matter fact, the only time I listened Scarcely three months ago, the public mood Baker Eddy, replied: "I have none, in real­ to the tapes, two certain tapes-I didn't had turned dramatically-fifty-three per cent ity, other than to help support a righteous listen to all of them, of course-was on favored tax support for both Presidentia.1 and government; to love God supremely, and my June the fourth." Nixon, Sept. 5, 1973. Congressional campaigns, with only twenty­ neighbor as myself." "The tapes, which have been under my nine per cent in opposition. It is a calm and simple dictum, well worth sole personal control, will remain so. None The tremors of Watergate have also been heeding in these days when politics are beset has been transcribed or made public and felt on Capitol Hill. More than 120 members by emotionalism and tawdry abuse. none will be." Nixon, July 23, 1973. of the House are co-sponsors of the Clean Today, just as it has for 65 years, this news­ "On Sept. 29, 1973, I began a review of the Elections Act of 1973, introduced by Repre­ paper stands firmly in support of righteous tape recordings subpoenaed by the special sentatives John Anderson and Morris Uda.11, government in countries around the world. prosecutor for the grand jury and by the which provides tax money to match private In the United States, it respects and sup­ Senate select committee...• It was during contributions up to $50. Proposals in the Sen­ ports the office of the presidency. Because this process that I first became a.ware of the ate are far more sweeping: of this, it demands that the office be honored possibility that two of the 10 conversations Senator Philip Hart's Congressional Elec­ by high standards of morality and integrity in question had not been recorded. I pro­ tion Financing Act of 1973 would provide from any incumbent, of whatever political ceeded with a review of the eight recorded public money for as much as eighty per cent party, whatever religious faith, whatever conversations.... " Nixon, Nov. 12, 1973. of the cost of House and Senate races. racial background. On Nov. 12 the mysterious 18-minute gap A measure advanced by Senators Adlai The United States was a nation founded was disclosed though Mr. Nixon's personal Stevenson and Charles Mathias would supply on little more than soaring idea.ls. Over secretary Rose Mary Woods said he had tax funds for one-third of the expenditures the years, it has developed diplomatic skills, known about it since Oct. 1 when she was in Presidential, Senate, and House campaigns. its economy has become strong, its military transcribing the tape for him-something A public financing amendment proposed might awesome. But its real strength lies he had said would never be done. If Opera­ by Senator Edward Kennedy and Hugh Scott, in the extent to which it demonstrates moral tion Candor is not to become a hollow joke, attached to a comprehensive Senate bill re­ power as a nation and freedom and justice Mr. Nixon needs to speak and act in the spirit vising the disclosure provisions, contribution for its citizens. of what he said Aug. 15, "Whatever the facts ceilings, and spending limits of existing law, It is essential that these standards and might be, I wanted the White House to be was turned back in August, but it had the ideals be honored at the highest levels of the the first to make them public." support of almost forty per cent of the Sen­ country's leadership. Throughout the long ate. months of Watergate anguish, we have urged Despite this flurry of activity, Washing­ President Nixon to greater candor, to more ton insiders-including many supporters of forth-rightness with a. puzzled populace. We public financing-believe prospects for such were pleased when r~cently he launched Op­ THE NEED FOR PUBLIC FINANCING sweeping legislation are uncertain. Political eration Candor. The promise to answer all OF ELECTIONS strategy is a major obstacle. Republicans questions fully was welcome though belated. are usually better financed than Democrats. But with the latest revelations and contra­ and they resist measures that will dissipate dictions concerning the presidential tapes. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL their advantage. Only t-en of the Senate's it is clear that Mr. Nixon will have to try OF NEW YORK forty-two Republicans were among the thir­ ty-eight supporters of the Kennedy-Scott much harder if he is to restore his credibility. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amendment. And President Nixon's well With so much confusion abroad in the Thursday, December 6, 1973 known willingness to veto public-financing country, such apparent contradictions as the legislation requires that any reform measure following need clarification: Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, one of the be attached to a veto-proof bill on an entirely "My consistent position from the beginning few positive results from the Watergate different subject, a strategy which subjects has been to get out the facts about Water- campaign crimes has been the renewed campaign finance legislation to assignment December 6, 1,_973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40121 to a.n indiscriminate range of House com­ experience with direct public support for The time is long overdue to reduce the mittee. campaigns. Public financing is an accepted influence of big money in campaigns. W. A still more formidable barrier is the dem­ part of political arrangements in West Ger­ Clement Stone exemplifies the need for re­ onstrated abllity of incumbents to raise more many, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and other form; the public recoils from revelations money than their challengers, especially in democracies. Our nei!Y}bors to the north and that he and his wife have contributed almost the House, where three-quarters of the dis· south have similar experiences. Public fi­ $7 million to Republican politics since 1968. tricts are relatively safe for one major party nancing is found in the Province of Quebec Hundred thousand dollar contributions are or the other. Since only incumbents vote on and in the American Commonwealth of no longer uncommon. And more than 400 legislation, measures which threaten their Puerto Rico. contributors gave $10,000 or more in the term by financing the opposition do not In 1966, at the urging of senator Russell Humphrey-Nixon contest. When the ava­ pass easily. Long, Congress enacted the nation's first sys­ lanche of reports required by the Federal To many in Congress and in the country, tem of direct public financing of campaigns. Election Campaign Act of 1971 is finally public financing of politics is a strange, un­ Taxpayers were allowed to earmark one dol­ cleared, the number of $10,000 contributors familiar, and uncomfortable idea. Yet tax lar of their taxes to subsidize Presidential in 1972 will reach at least 1,200. support for campaigns is not new. Long ago campaigns. The next year, worried by flaws The ultra-rich can a.void reliance on big various governments assumed the cost of in the legislation, Congress indefinitely de­ contributors. Vast personal wealth has made ballots, polling places, and election day clerks, layed operation of the tax check-off. But the the Kennedys, Rockefellers, Sha.pps, Metzen­ all formerly paid for by parties and candi­ idea of public financing of campaigns sta.ye-d baums, Ottingers, Reids, and DuPonts· the dates. In sevel"al states tax money is used alive as Long's Finance Committee held full new grandees of American politics. It is ar­ to register voters. The Senate this year passed hearings and reported favorably the Honest rogant for these millionaire candidates t-0 a comprehensive post card voter registration Elections Act of 1967, providing extensive tell us they are so rich they cannot be in­ bill. The indirect subsidy to politics: at least public financing for Congressional as well as fluenced by campaign contributions. That $100 million. Presidential campaigns. argument insults democratic ideals: It re­ Wisconsin and several other states provide In 1971, the check-off idea was revived in stores in a. new form the means test for free radio and television time for candidates the Presidential Election Campaign Fund public office rejected in America. a century on state educational networks. Oregon sub­ Act. Reformers succeeded in getting the tax and a half ago during the Jacksonian revolu­ sidizes a voter pamphlet, malled to each check-off' onto the tax forms, but a Presi­ tion. It is within legislative means, through elector at state expense; for ::i nominal fee-, dential veto threat once again delayed full contribution limits and public financing of candidates and referenda advo :!ates may pur­ operation of the plan. In 1973, the Nixon campaigns, to make it unnecessary that a chase space in which to advertise and ad­ Administration tried to undermine the candidate be rich to be free. vance their causes. Thirteen other states check-off by putting it on a separate tax Big money is often tainted money in have enacted some variation of the voter schedule, missed by most taxpayers and not American politics. In one Presidential year pamphlet at one time or another. When Con­ even available to many. Fewer than three after another, two-thirds of the members of gress re-quired broadcast media to sell politi­ per cent of taxpayers allocated a dollar to the Business Council, a third of the officials cal advertising time at the lowest unit cost the Presidential campaign fund, although of the American Petroleum Institute, and charged for comparable commercial messages, forty-five per cent told pollsters they would at least a quarter of the officers and directors it enacted a media subsidy to campaigns. do so. Democrats responded by attaching an of Pentagon, Atomic Energy Commission, We also subsidize campaigns through the amendment to the 1973 Debt Celling Act and NASA contractors give sums exceeding tax system. At ieast nine states allow tax requiring the tax check-off to appear on $2 million to national political committees. deductions or credits for modest campaign forms 1040 and 1940A, which are used by We have created a. political system where a. gifts. Under the Revenue Act of 1971, Fed­ almost all taxpayers. national roster of realty, banking, "construc­ eral income taxpayers can deduct from tax­ The most urgent reason for public financ­ tion, and other financial interests rushed able income half of contributions up to $50 ing is the need to curb the undue influence large sums to the campaign of a prominent or take a tax credit for half of contributions of special interests and the extortion of con­ Democratic senator, chairman of a commit­ up to $25. Again, the public at large pays tributions by politicians. Second, the public tee affecting them, to assure his re-election part of the campaign bill. wants an end to the vast disparities in cam­ and thereby to deny the chairmanship to the Two other tax subsidies may be nearing an paign spending between opposing candidates. next ranking Democrat on the committee, a. end, thanks to merciless exposure by the press All too often, the candidate with the most consumer-oriented maverick. during the 1972 campaign. One allowed big money wins by burying his opponent in an It is no less troubling that national labor donors to a.void gift taxes on their contribu­ avalanche of paid campaigning. Third, op­ committees spend more than $7 million in tions by breaking them into sums of $3,000, portunities ought to be preserved for citizens campaigns. Many Democratic Senate and the maximum nontaxable gift, and distri­ to help fund candidates and campaigns, but House candidates rely on union contribu­ buting them to many committees supporting Americans want these opportunities equal­ tions for at least twenty per cent of cam­ the same oa.ndidate. A second subsidy sanc­ ized. The disproportion between multimil­ paign funds. The clout that goes with union tioned capital gains tax avoidance on stocks lionaire W. Clement Stone's contributions of money was well demonstrated when labor that had appreciated in value. The contribu­ $2 million to Mr. Nixon's 1972 campaign and cut off $150,000 in promised campaign con­ tor reported the stock gift at the purch-a.se Joe Grab-a-Sandwich's $2 gift to the Demo­ tributions to a. prominent liberal, union­ price, and the political committee which sold cratic telethon is no longer tolerable, even endorsed Senate candidate who would not it at the appreciated value was not required in a society which admires its rich and suc­ go along with labor's favorite -for the Presi­ by the Internal Revenue Service to pay a cessful members. dential nomination in 1968. capital gains tax. ' Fourth, most Americans would agree that The man-bites-dog version of special­ An even less visible· subsidy to politics, we ought to have vigorously competitive elec­ interest giving occurs when politicians shake but one that is extremely costly to us as tions. They a.re unlikely to understand that down the interests. The Nixon campaign set consumers anci taxpayers, stems from the this requires more money for politics, not $100,000 quotas for a number of firms and massive contributions of special interests less. Despite well publicized high-spending calculated the anticipated contributions who expect a return on their investment. The races, most campaigns in America are won from individuals at one per cent of total dairy co-ops, for example, amassed a $3 mil­ by default. The incumbent or the majority wealth. Six large corporations have already lion war chest in 1972. After making sub­ party candidate has so many resources, in­ publicly disclosed that they tried to meet stantial contributions to the Nixon campaign cluding a long lead in campaign money, that their quotas illegally · by using corporate and various members of Congress, they were the opposition is simply unable to wage any funds for campaign contributions. About a rewarded by an Executive Order increasing campaign that lets voters know the choices dozen more-still publicly unidentified­ mllk price supports. Cost to us as consumers: before them. Political finance reform should have told special prosecutor Archibald Cox at least $100 million. The maritime unions, to not only regulate spending and contributions, of similar lllegal contributions. Most of these cite another case, spent more than a half it must also provide adequate funds to turn firms have contracts with the Government mlllion dollars in the 1972 campaigns, and the theory of competitive elections into a or are regulated by agencies whose members managed to head off Congressional opposition reality. are named by the President. American Air­ to continued subsidies for a shrinking and These objectives require an array of legis­ lines, whose $55,000 lllegal contribution ineffectual merchant marine. Cost to us as lative remedies, but public financing is the made national headlines, had a merger pend­ taxpayers: about $500 million a year, and at pivot. Ceilings on contributions to candidates ing beforo the White House and the Civil least $3 b1llion durlng the decade. and political committees might curb the in­ Aeronautics Board. American Airlines Board Jerry Landauer put it aptly in The Wall fluence of special interests and the increasing Chairman George A. Spater shed light on a Street Journal: "Should we publicly finance tendency toward extortion of campaign dark corner of our politics when he ruefully our election campaigns? Don't kid yourself. money. Aggregate limits on a contributor's total outlays for all political purposes are explained: "A large part of the money raised We already do--through direct subsidies to from the business community for political incumbents, through tax subsidies for big also necessary to head off the laundering of money through dummy committees. These purposes is given in fear of what would hap­ contributors, through dodges and loopholes pen if it were not given." and regulations the average taxpayer hasn't contribution curbs might roughly e-qua.lize the time to try to understand. The issue is the extent to which citizens can participate Less well known is the class bias of political in financing campaigns. The disparity be­ financing. Only seven to twelve per cent of whether we can do it honestly." Americans contribute to any candidate or It is odd that a nation with so many in­ tween contributions by the well-off and the low-income citizen can be leveled down by party in a Presidential year. More important, has direct public subsidies to politics so little modest contribution limits. these few dramatically over-represent the CXIX--2526-Part 30 40122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 well-off and well-educated classes. More than allocates money to incumbents, to sure win­ election public grant based on its electoral thirty per cent of families earning $25,000 ners, and to those in competitive races who showing. or more contribute to politics, but only three cozy up to the major economic interests. The same issue of frivolous candidates has per cent of those with incomes under $4,000. Most elections a.re decided virtually by de­ prompted some public :financing advocates to While twenty-eight per cent of the college fault. Without effective opposition, those abandon the ide.a, of providing money in pri­ educated give money to politics, only five per who govern grow arrogant and unrespon­ maries. But if no public financing is avail­ cent of those whose education ended by the sive. There is an urgent need to revitalize able in nomination contests, we will simply eighth grade do so. It is not just that the American politics by forcing every officehold­ have moved the evils of existing practices poor can hardly afford to contribute to poli­ er to run for his political life in every elec­ back one stage, from the genera.I election to tics-they also suffer from a. sense of im­ tion. If he knows that the opposition will be the primaries. And the primary is, after all. potence in shaping public affairs. They know :financed generously enough to challenge his virtually the election in at least that two­ that the big contributors and special inter­ conduct of office and his voting record, his thirds of House contests occurring in one­ ests dominate campaign financing. They cor­ attention to popular concerns will be party districts. rectly assume that their small contribution heightened. Public financing of campaigns Public :financing can be provided without will have no effect on the conduct of govern­ can supply enough money to spur strong op­ encouraging frivolous candidates. The most ment. position. With enough clean money to turn prominent Congressional solution sets a fi­ American politics is locked into a tragic tepid races into real cha.llenges, a larger nancial threshold. A House candidate who cycle: As long as politics is dominated by number of smaller gifts should also become collects, for instance, $1,000 in modest con­ big money, the poor will not contribute; and available. The vitality of elections as an in­ tributions of $50 or less, could become eli­ as long as small contributions are not avail­ strument of popular control over officia.ls gible for public grants matching those and able in large numbers, politics will be domi­ can be restored by this mix of public :financ­ subsequent private contributions. Eligib1Iity nated by big money. Contribution limits and ing a.nd small private gifts. for matching grants in a Senate primary publlc financing break this cycle. They cut Many who are persuaded by these general could be set at $5,000. These qualifying off big contributions and special interest arguments for public :financing still a.re per· thresholds would demonstrate at lea.st that money, replacing them with untainted tax plexed by the Gordian knot of policy objec­ a primary candidate had a reasonable base dollars. When candidates need not rely on tions and technical problems that surround of support from small contributors. A some­ tainted money, the general publlc in all eco­ any specific program of tax support for cam­ what different formula, using fiat grants nomic classes is more likely to trust them paigns. "Do you really want public funding rather than matching money, would set a and to help support campaigns with small for all campaigns?" they ask. At the outset, series of financial thresholds, ea.ch of wh1ch gifts. I believe, public :financing should be enacted .would trigger a substantial payment to the An even more compelling reason to adopt only for Presidential and Congressional races. candidate. A serious aspirant would presum­ public financing addresses not the sources They are the most costly, often the least ably be able to woo enough small contribu­ or sizes of campaign gifts, but :whether vigorously competitive, and perhaps the most tions to trip these public financing triggers. enough money is spent in American politics. often in:fluenced by special interest money. To forestall manipulation of political :fi­ It will seem unorthodox, even perverse, to ar­ An enterprising state or two might try pub­ nancing arrangements, these formulas and gue that we need to spend more money in lic financing of statewide partisan contests, thresholds should be written into the sta­ polltics when Presidential campaigning has and, perhaps, of legislative races. Some bold tutes. An appropriation could be provided reached the $50 million mark and the news state will win the gratitude of the nation by to assure enough money in every election, media. a.re filling with reports of "high spend­ publicly financing campaigns for judges and so that no one party or faction could seek ing" in races for other offices. eliminating the indecent hold that lawyers political advantage by trying to dry up pub­ The confusion a.rises because campaigns have on the bench. If the,se experiments suc­ lic money when the opposition is dependent have two functions: the private purpose of ceed and the need for publlc financing on it. If public grants were linked to the advancing the personal ambitions of candi­ spreads, the system could easily be ex.tended eligible electorate and to the Consumer Price dates; and the public purpose of assuring to the city, county, and other local offices Index, there would be little opportunity for vigorous competitive elections in which can­ that account for most of the 524,000 public intransigent opponents of public funding to didates advance their qualifications, pro­ posts that Americans fill by election. render it meaningless by refusing to add grams, and criticism of the opposition. There What a.bout the allocation of money? Most more money as the number of voters in­ is no public interest whatever in :financing public :financing plans define "major'' parties creases and inflation escalates campaign the careers of politicians. But there is a. vital as those that received more than twenty or costs. Prompt judicial review must be pro­ public purpose in assuring sufficient money twenty-five per cent of the vote in a prior vided to forestall bureaucratic tampering for competitive campaigns. election. Major party candidates can be ma.de with the administration of public :financing The framers of our Constitution declared eligible for equal fiat grants-perhaps of of campaigns. long a.go that counterposing the ambitions fifteen cents times the number of voters in a Opponents of public financing often insist of the three branches of government was the district, as proposed for Senate candidates that too much money is already spent on best safeguard against tyranny. In a nation in the Ha.rt bill. But no proposal would de­ politics, and that it would be wasteful to that has moved to popular choice of the serve support if it did not also provide for throw good money after bad. Sena.tor Ha.rt President and Senaite as well as the House, new and minor parties, which often have has put this argument in a healthy per­ the competing ambitions of candidates in reflected deep discontents welling up among spective: "I know that many will regard this campaigns are a new and essential check Americans. Parties receiving less than as a new raid on the Treasury by greedy of­ upon authority. Vietnam and Watergate twenty-five per cent of the vote could claim fice holders. But I think many people, upon make tragically plain the dangers of blooted the same proportion of a major party grant reflection, will realize that this will be as Presidentia.l power, and the reassertion of as their vote was of the average major party wise an investment as a democracy can make. Congressional checks is widely welcomed. But polling. This would probably strengthen When a politician's success depends on a what good does it do to restore Congressional minor parties, which have traditionally combination of dollars and votes, the nation prerogatives if members of Congress them­ lagged farther behind the major parties in is clearly less democratic than it would be selves a.re not responsive to the voters be­ money than in votes. Furthermore, minor if victory depended on votes alone. Congress cause of the atrophy of opposition in elec­ parties should be safeguarded by allowing annually disposes of a Federal budget in the tions? them to spend private funds up to the same hundreds of billions of dollars and takes This is a powerful but ignored argument expenditure limlts permitted for major actions with tremendous impact on a tril­ for public financing: Most American elec­ parties, so that no inequality would fall on lion-dollar economy, not to mention their tions pose no choice at all. Incumbents are them as a result of public funding. impact on the incalculable values of our returned to office ninety per cent of the time. The other side of the concern to safeguard health, safety, and liberty. Surely ln that Officeholding allows them to raise more minor parties is the need to protect the pub­ context public campaign subsidies would be money than their opponents. And they have lic from frivolous candidates or frivolous a growth stock for everyone." the accumulating advantages of incumben­ minor parties. Some cut-off is probably A combination of traditional political fi­ cy-name recognition, professional staff, the needed. The Supreme Court has upheld a nance reforms and generous public funding franking privilege, good will built through Georgia distinction between political parties of campaigns can achieve the goals of clean, services to constituents, and favors. It is not which have certain ballot privileges, and fair, vigorous elections. Contribution limits surprising, then, that in sixty to eighty "political bodies," which do not. The divid­ and disclosure of sources can curb big con­ House contests ea.ch biennium, no opposition ing line was three percent of the vote. A tributions, rich candidates, and tainted candidate bothers to file. In another 275 simlla.r qualifying threshold for public fi­ money. Expenditure limits help level down races, the incumbent is so well entrenched nancing would be reasonable. Some newly the excessive spending that now occurs in that the opposition is merely token. "Smart organized parties might be left at a disad­ occasional campaigns. Public financing re­ money" is not interested in supporting long­ vantage if public financing were based solely places big, tainted contributions with clean shots. Even local partisans a.re inclined to on the last election's returns. Several Sena.­ money that will reduce both special interest make their contributions to other, more tors have suggested, therefore, that a party influence over politics and the extortion of closely contested races, where they believe might be permitted to base its grant on the givers by politicians. It also ."levels up" the their money may affect the outcome. current yea.r's balloting. If the polls showed ;funds available for reinvigorated opposition The private money system for :financing a minor party drawing widespread popular and greater public choice in elections. politics does not raise enough money to sup­ support, it could borrow money during the The conservative· columnist, James J. Kil­ port vigorous campaigns for all offices. It campaign and pay it back by claiming .a. post- patrick, has written that he favors public December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40123 financing, despite its drawbacks, because "on the aged constitutes a revolution in the $130 check from the Social Security Admln· balance, drastic measures are needed if we philosophy and financing of public charity in istration. It will be called Supplemental Se• are to remove the curse of money that now the United States. The income guarantee - curity Income. corrupts 9ur political process. . If we do not shifts from states to the Federal Government The clerk tells Mrs. Smith that she may be learn at least this lesson from Watergate, . the responsibility for basic welfare decisions. eligible for some payment in addition to her we are doomed to . repeat that wretched . Except for an emergency program that op­ monthly $108 Social Security benefit. "Let's course of instruction." Some of us will plead erated briefly in half a dozen states during talk about it," says the clerk. Although Mrs. for public :financing before another Water­ the Depression of the 1930s, the Federal Gov­ Smith owns her own home and a 1971 auto­ gate occurs, doubting whether public faith in ernment heretofore has given no relief money mobile with a market value of $2,200, and our system of free elections can or indeed directly to the poor. Instead, beginning in the has $1,500 in the bank, it is determined that should survive another such shock. late 1930s, it has helped states finance state­ she is eligible for a. second check from the operated programs of public assistance. To­ Social Security Administration to bring her day, the Federal Government helps pay the monthly income up to $150. The clerk does costs of welfare for four categories of the not ask Mrs. Smith whether she has children THE NEW SUPPLEMENTAL SECU­ needy: blind, aged, and disabled adults, and who could contribute money to her support broken or unemployed families with depend­ (she has a physician son who earns $45,000 a RITY INCOME PROGRAM ent children. In general, the Federal Govern­ year). Mrs. Smith will receive two checks­ ment pays at least half a state's welfare costs; a $108 Social Security check (which officially in poor states it pays even more. But the will be called "retirement income" rather HON. RICHARD BOLLING states decide which groups to help, who than old-age insurance after SSI begins), OF MISSOURI among them is needy, and how much to pay and a. $42 Supplemental Security Income them. In the field of welfare, at least, Federal check. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dollars failed to bring Federal control. The Mrs. Smith's guarantee is $20 higher than Thursday, December 6, 1973 result has been a chaotic and unfair patch­ Mr. Brown's because under the SSI law the work of assorted benefit levels and eligibility first $20 in Social Security benefits or other Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ rules. income is not "counted." Thus, Mrs. Smith's lowing fine article by Vee Burke and her Next January 1, Supplemental Security In­ $108 Social Security check is treated as an late husband, Vincent J. Burke, which come will remove from the state welfare rolls $88 check, entitling her to a $42 supplement. appeared in the Progressive of Decem­ all these groups except families with chil­ TERMS OF THE GUARANTEE ber 1973, explains the new supplemental dren. Because SSI's eligibility rules are much Levels-The SS! payment will equal the security income program. more liberal, twice as many persons will go deficit between a. recipient's income and his The article follows: on its new rolls as will depart from state wel­ guarantee. Although there will be a uniform fare rolls. In all, SSI checks will go to an Federal floor of $130 per person a month THE MINIMUM INCOME REVOLUTION estimated 6.2 million Americans-to 4.6 mil­ starting January 1, 1974, rising to $140 on (By Vincent J. and Vee Burke) lion aged (more than one of every five Ameri­ July 1 ($195 per couple initially, $210 at mid­ (NoTE.-This January the nation's :first cans over sixty-five), and to 1.6 million blind year), guarantees will vary among states, Federal income guara ntee goes into effect or disabled persons (SS! will cover disabled. reflecting state supplements to the minimum for the elderly, blind, and disabled.) children, excluded by current law from state­ payment. The twenty-five states that now pay Only after the event are some revolutions Federal welfare disability payments). an old-age assistance check larger than $130 detected. When the United States adopted Social to the penniless will be required-under pen­ That audacious dream of radicals, the Security almost four decades ago, it began alty of loss of all Federal Medicalid funds­ right to a minimum income from the U.S. to collectivize the filial duty to "honor thy to supplement the SS! floor so as to preserve Treasury, will come true on January 1, 1974, father and thy mother." Social Security is a. higher benefits for those already on the rolls for all but one group of those Americ.ans who mechanism for taking money from sons and (in December, 1973) at the start of SSI. society feels should not be obliged to work. daughters and giving it to their elderly par­ Moreover, these states will be rewarded if Excluded from our first Federal income ents and grandparents. In the early years of they also supplement the SS! floor for new guarantee, which was enacted on October the program, payments into the Social Se­ recipients and if they agree to Federal ad­ 17, 1972, were the nation's children. Ironical­ curity Trust Fund greatly exceeded benefits ministration of all supplements. For Federal ly, they were the very persons for whom . paid out. But today there are twice as many administra,tion, the states will give the Fed­ Richard Nixon originally had proposed this aged parents, relative to the sons and daugh­ eral Government money for supplementary historic birthright, the only President to do ters of working age (twenty to sixty-four payments, reversing the traditional order; so (although he later abandoned the fight years), as in the 1930s, and most of the aged and their reward will be an almost ir­ for a children's income guarantee). are eligible for Social Security. Therefore, the resistible promise that no matter how Starting next year, the Federal Govern­ recipients are getting back more than they much a state's SSI population expands in the ment will guarantee a minimum income paid into the fund. Indeed, the amount of future, it never will have to pay for SS! sup­ . ($130 a month untn July 1, 1974, when it will money in the Social Security Trust Fund plements more dollars than its calendar 1972 rise to $140) to Americans at least sixty-five would not pay the bills for more than one welfare outlay for the aged, blind, and years old, and to the blind and the disabled year. All Social Security payroll taxes cur­ disabled. of any age. Available to those whose resources rently collected are currently spent on bene­ For the minority of SS! beneficiaries-those are modest, the guarantee will be an absolute fits for those on the rolls. with no other income-monthly guarantees right, unlike Social Security old-age pay­ A look at treatment of the aged poor today will range from $130 (in twenty-five states) ments, which are conditioned upon earlier and next year shows the dramatic impact to $204 in Michigan and $250 in Alaska. ($130 payment of payroll taxes. of the new guarantee. SS! floor plus state supplements) . For re­ The Federal Government will make the The place is a Social Security office in cipients who also receive Socia.I Security new guaranteed payments, called Supple­ Charleston, South Carolina. Enter two per­ checks, minimum guarantees will be $150 per mental Security Income (SS!), without ask­ sons: Tom Brown, retired farm hand, and person and $215 per couple, reflecting the dis­ Mary Smith, widow of a factory janitor. Each regard of the first $20 in any income. ing whether recipients have worked, with­ is sixty-five years old and carries a birth Every recipient will be able to increase out making any claims against their estate certificate to prove this. Mrs. Smith's hus­ (two-thirds of the elderly, including some net income i>y earnings. Not "charged" band paid Social Security payroll taxes for against his SS! benefit will be the :first $65 of the poorest, own their own homes), and several years, and she is entitled to benefits. earned per month plus half of the remainder. without even asking if their own children But Mr. Brown has no Social Security work Also exempt will be $60 worth of unearned are well-to-do, and if so why they should "reoord," for he was employed only by small income (includ.ing gifts), provided it is re­ not help their aged parents. The Supple­ farmers. Neither Mrs. Smith nor Mr. Brown ceived infrequently and irregularly. mental Security Income program will be has a job; neither has any regular source of One immediate effect of SSI will be to suc­ .administered by the Social Security Ad­ income. Each needs help, cor the poorest of the aged poor, those like ministration. However, the money will come The time: January 1973. The clerk tells Mrs. Willie Miller, sixty-nine, of West Point, not from the Social Security Trust Fund, Mr. Brown that he has oome to the wrong Mississippi, who subsists on $75 a month in but from general funds of the U.S. Treasury. place. "Social Security cannot help you," the state welfare plus $26 in free food stamps. For most aged poor recipients, the new clerk says. "You must go to the local welfare Under SS!, Mrs. Miller's income will climb Supplemental Security Income check will office." (At the welfare office Mr. Brown to $130 a month, in cash, on January 1, be a supplement to their Social Security learns that the maximum help available to 1974, and to $140 on July 1. payment. The extra monthly payment con­ It is estimated that Supplemental Security fined to the poor will alleviate some of the him is $80 monthly, plus a $22 bonus in food stamps.) The clerk tells Mrs. Smith that her Income will increase the incomes of almost poverty among America's aged. It will assure sixty per cent of present old-age relief re­ those with no other income $1,560 per year husband's payroll taxes entitle her to $108 a cipients. In addition, it will qualify 2.8 mil­ ($1,680 after July 1), and each recipient will month in Social Security benefits. Her face lion elderly persons, who have been ineligible be able to add to his or her basic SS! pay­ falls. She had hoped for more. How will she under less liberal state welfare rules, for cash ment $240 from any source, plus a sizable manage? help. proportion of earnings, without reduction The time: January, 1974. The clerk tells Resources.-Under Supplemental Security in the ssr check. Mr. Brown that although he never paid so­ Income a sixty-five-year-old will be entitled The triumph of the guaranteed income for cial Security taxes, he will begin receiving a to a payment to boost his total income up to 40124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1978 a. specified minimum if his resources do not families with dependent children. This plan $84.50. Since the minimum benefit, like all exceed $1,500 (not counting a. house, car, was killed by Congress after President Nixon Social Security benefits, was pa.id without household goods, or personal effects). The re­ deserted it. regard to need, ·it wen t to the rich as well source limit per couple is $2,250. (The Social Aside from a handful of persons who en­ as the poor. In fact, an alysts found that Security Administration plans to exclude gineered it, and some governors who an­ whenever the minimum was raiSed, most of from counted resources the first $25,000 in ticipated savings from its Federally-paid in­ the extra money went to the non poor. market value of a house, $2,700 in market come floor for the aged, blind, and disabled, Obviously, to raise the Social Securit y value of one car [or in equity of a more val­ few knew the contents of Title III of H.R. 1. minimum high enough to provide a decent uable car], and the face value of a life insur­ Most never read beyond the antiseptic title, income for the minority totally dependent ance policy, if $1,500 or less.) "Assistance for the Aged, Blind, and Dis­ on it would have given a gigan tic windfall In contra.st, under the current system one abled," which was replaced in the closing to those not in need at a huge cost to the state requires an aged person to use up his months of the debate by the equally bland workers in payroll taxes (which in 1972 cost last dollar before receiving Public Assistance; phrase, "Supplemental Security Income.•• employe and employer each 5.2 per cent of another allows a cash reserve equal to one President Nixon's welfare reform plan of the first $9,000 in wages and are scheduled month's cost of living; six others limit cash August, 1969, asked much from Congress for to rise in future years). Nevertheless, some reserves to $300 or $350. New Hampshire for­ poor children and their pa.rents, but little liberals pushed for a general boost, even a bids the recipient to make withdrawals from for aged, blind, or disabled adults. His Fam­ doubling, of all Social Security benefits in his bank account without the signed permis­ ily Assistance Plan (FAP) proposed to give the name of the poor. Although this was sion of the welfare department, and many unqualified income guarantees to all chil­ economic nonsense, it was politically states require the needy person to assign his dren, regardless of their parents' behavior, seductive. life insurance policy to the welfare depart­ and to mothers of pre-schoolers, plus A few other liberals saw an outright Fed­ ment. One state forbids old-age relief to one bonuses for those heads of poor families-­ eral income guarantee as the way to help whose house has a value more than $750 father or mother-who worked. FAP for the the aged poor without further weakening above that of "modest homes in the com­ first time would have granted welfare sup­ the link between wages and Social Security munity." The resource limits of some states plements to intact families of fathers with benefits. They pointed out to the conserva­ virtually preclude ownership of an automo­ full-time jobs, a sizable fraction of the na­ tive leadership of the Ways and Means Com­ bile. tion's poverty-stricken families. mittee that the guarantee would put an end Estates.-In yet another liberalization, the At the outset President Nixon proposed to the perennia,l question, "But how can new Federal program will not seek post­ to leave welfare for the aged, blind, and dis­ anyone live on $55 a month? On $64? On humous recovery of SS! funds. To receive abled under state management, but, for the $70.40?" The question no longer would make SS!, the recipient will not have to encumber first time, to require the states to assure sense. No longer would anyone be asked his house. In contrast, twenty-nine states recipients a Federally-prescribed minimum to live on the Social Security minimum. today require the old-age relief applicant to income (Mr. Nixon's first draft bill set a floor Those needing more would receive a second give the welfare department a lien against of $65 a month, but by the time it went to check, a candid welfare supplement, and it his house or a claim against his estate, prac­ Congress the figure had grown to $90) . In would be financed not by payroll taxes but tices that have deterred applications. the Congressional arena, this little plan was by the U.S. Treasury. Relatives' Responsibility.-The new guar­ embraced, expanded liberally-with the On October 17, 1972, America. rejected a anteed income also will benefit thousands of blessing of the Nixon Administration-and Federal income guarantee for its children middle-income families in the seventeen made into the nation's first Federal income while enacting one for its aged. The Ninety­ states that now require grown children, if guarantee. second Congress left poor children to the they have the means, to help support needy Both welfare titles of H.R. 1 (FAP and mercy of sta.tes, many of which were aged parents, a burden that sometimes co­ SS!) provided for the transformation of wel­ slashing welfare payment levels, despite the incides with that of paying college tuition. fare into a direct Federal benefit, operated rise in living costs, in an effort to spread In the high-benefit state of California, for by the Federal Government on standard funds over an increasing number of families. example, a family of four with earnings of rules. Because of their more liberal eligibil­ Better treatment of the needy aged than $20,000 annually can now be required to pay ity standards, both SS! and FAP would have of needy children is traditional in American to the county welfare department, as partial vastly enlarged the number o! persons get­ public charity. For several rea..5ons poor chil­ reimbursement for Public Assistance given to ting "welfare," and would have given maxi­ dren and their mothers have suffered welfare one or more elderly and needy parents, as mum help to the poorest--the welfare and discrimination. First, they lack political ap­ much as $165 a month. (Neither the basic sub-welfare poor of the South. FAP's Federal peal and support. Not only do they have less Federal SSI benefit nor the Federally­ payments would have cost an estimated $6 voting strength than do the needy aged and financed portion of any state supplemental billion annually at the outset, about one­ their relatives, but the cause of their need­ payment will be subject to state liens or third more than the initial cost of SSI lack of an able-bodied father at home­ state rules about relatives' :financial respon­ payments. often arouses condemnation rather than sibility. States may apply such rules to the But after twice passing the House, FAP compassion. Second, economic forces oper­ portion of the supplement pa.id with their floundered and died. It was fought by most ate against them. In many states family wel­ own funds, but the Federal Government will conservatives, precisely because it would in­ fare payments have been depresed so as to not administer such rules nor vary the state crease welfare appropriations and the num­ spur welfare mothers into the domestic or supplemental payment to comply with ber of recipients, and by organized welfare farm labor market at low wages. And it has them.) mothers of the North, who feared that FAP generally cost states more to guarantee a. Some revolutions are invisible because would benefit the working poor at their ex­ given payment to a needy child than to a they occur in small steps that seem con­ pense. Their pressures frightened most Sen­ needy adult. Because most of the needy aged tinuous at the time. Not so the guaranteed ate liberals (who were from the North and receive Social Security checks, they have income revolution. Income by right was won West), though FAP was supported by some needed only a supplementary welfare check for the aged, blind, and disabled not by blacks in the South. Finally, the measure to reach an income goal, in contra.st to pen­ gradual increments, but in a. single section was deserted by its sponsor, Richard Nixon. niless children. Moreover, until 1966 Federal of an Act of Congress. For several reasons, SS! survived. It dealt law required states to finance a larger per­ Yet when the historic legislation was en­ with persons unquestionably worthy of help. centage of their payments to families on Aid acted, it went unheralded by most politi­ Since it was phrased in technical terms that to Families with Dependent Children cians, unreported by most newspapers, un­ understated its impact, it attracted little (AFDC) than of their relief payments to the noticed even by many members of Congress Congressional scrutiny. Finally, and most aged. who voted for it. Tucked into fourteen pages important, SSI solved a problem for key Passage of the income guarantee for the of H.R. 1, the 165-page Social Security politicians-the defense of the Social Secur­ aged, blind, and disabled does not give prom­ Amendments of 1972-, the right to income in ity wage-related "insurance" system against ise of a universal cash income guarantee. old age was as much under-advertised as assaults by "welfare." Over the years provi­ The circumstances that enacted SSI a.re la.ek­ Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty had been sions intended to give income support to the ing for other poor groups: families with chil­ over-advertised. Politicians and the press low-wage worker and to those who had dren, childless couples, singles. However, in dwelt on the bill's liberalizations of the worked only a short time at jobs covered the Federal food stamp program America Social Security system: a benefit increase for by Social Security had gnawed a.way a.t the already has an income guarantee open to all widows (on top of a twenty per cent general relationship between individual benefits re­ these needy groups ( except those who live in benefit boost enacted four months earlier), ceived and payroll taxes paid. the 800 counties that have refused to offer extension of Medicare to the disabled, and The basic motivation for the radical in­ food stamps) . a more generous work bonus. come guarantee was conservative: the preser­ Supplemental Security Income, for the Ignorance and neglect probably aided pas­ vation of Social Security. Year after year first time, makes the ca.sh income of millions sage of the nation's first guaranteed income. politicians complained that Social Security of Americans-the aged, the blind, the dis­ Politicians and the public focused their eyes was failing to pay the elderly a decent mini­ abled-a legal obligation of the Federal Gov­ on the other welfare section of H.R. l, Title mum. The minimum payment, made to ernment. For a bewildering and unfair vari­ IV, the highly controversial Family As­ those with minimal credits of payroll taxes, ety of state rules to decide who is "needy" sistance Plan to guarantee a minimum in­ was raised in 1968 from $44 to $55; in 1969 enough to be helped, SSI substitutes objec­ come ($200 a month per family of four) to to $64; in 1971 to $70.40; and in 1972 to tive and national standards of income and December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40125 resources. In philosophy, procedures, and rency that is usable only for energy-con­ themselves accumulating Tokens. Such financing, the new law represents a quiet serving mass transit systelllS. It has been "bankrolling" would unquestionably a.mass revolution in American welfare. proposed to Washington that this be de­ a demand for the reinstatement of local serv­ veloped a.long with automotive limitations. ices. In the meantime, the residents would The proposal suggests that a Transportation have only several recourses other than the Tax be placed upon both gasoline for auto­ "currency exchange". They could use the TRANSPORTATION PLAN OF motive use and diesel fuel for trucks to re­ Tokens for intercity travel or, more likely, flect the inefficiencies of such use. for vacation travel by such means as Amtrak. DR. ROBERT W. ALRUTZ The Transportation Tax on gasoline could Such a program is not without its prob­ be set at any amount, but should be high lems. Our nation has so neglected mass HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK enough to put it into a luxury category as transit that there are only three major man­ do the taxes on alcoholic beverages. Setting ufacturers of buses while Amtrak is limping OF OHIO it, for the sake of argument, at 40¢ per gal­ a.dong with obsolete equipment. There would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lon, represents a nearly 100% taxation. The be a lag period between the onset of de­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 question arises, how to apply these revenues mand and the meeting of this demand by to mass transit without creating a whole industry. But already Detroit is finding a de­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, seri­ new bureaucracy of proposals, reviews, crease in demand for automobiles. As they ous problems facing our Nation concern­ priorities, allocations, etc.? shifted production at the onset of World ing the energy crisis and the environ­ Transportation Currency in the form of War II, they should likewise be able to con­ ment must be met forthrightly if we are Tokens issued to the consumer at the time vert, in time naturally, to accomodate thiS of purchase would make possible a natural new demand. Perhaps there would arise a to resolve these difficulties. The energy system of alloca,tion. Again, to adopt an new form of mass transit structured around crisis and environmental considerations arbitrary system, the Transportation Token the use of "minibuses" that are already in are not necessarily contradictory. Area­ could carry an evaluation, of say 20~. repre­ production. Though certainly more expensive soned, intelligent policy can consider all senting a fra.otion of this tax. Such Tokens to operate and less econolllical of fossil aspects of national importance and the would be usable only as currency for some energy, such a system is better than private long range goals in both areas should be form of mass transit. Assmning the alloca­ cars and would have the advantage of pick­ compatible not contradictory. tion of one Token, 20~, for each gallon of ing up some of the employment slmnp cre­ Prof. Robert W. Alrutz of Denison gasoline purchased, the citizen would accu­ ated by the decrease in fuel availability. mulate a currency tha..t could be expended Distribution of the Transportation Tokens University has worked on environmental only by utilizing it in travel by means other to the gasoline retailers would be simple and and energy problems for many years. His than the automobile, naturally, the tendency rather routine. The refinery would be the concern predates the present crisis by would be to find alternative systelllS of travel obvious point at which the Transportation many years. We have corresponded on for commuting, longer trips, va.ca..tions, etc. Tax would be levied and to which the Tokens many occasions and it has not been un­ The Mass Transit Systems and Authorities would be delivered in bulk. Then, at the usual for us to be in agreement on some would be encouraged to accept these Tokens time of delivery to the service station, the issues and disagreement on others. as fares. Once collected by the transit au­ trucker would deliver a number of Tokens In the particular energy-environmen­ thority, the Token would then represent a equivalent to the gasoline delivered. tangible evidence of need for federal assist­ Mass transit companies and authorities tal crisis and debate, no one is arrogant ance or allocation. Those systems carrying having received Tokens as fa.res could re­ enough to think that they have all of the the heaviest traffic and collecting the deem them through their purchase of fuel, answers. There are many different points greater number of Tokens would represent at their trade-in value, or through agencies of view and yet there should be an open­ systems which are most effective in reducing designated by the Transportation Trust ness to consider every reasonable alter­ automobile usage. Fund. In addition to acting as a transferral native. I certainly do not have the an­ Revenues collected by the Transportation agency of tax revenue to mass transit agen­ swers and I have tried to keep an open Tax would be placed in a Transportation cies, the Transportation Trust Fund would Trust Fund. Transportation Tokens would be have revenues available for its own admin­ mind. redeem.able by the mass transit systems at a istration and for research. This latter func­ Dr. Alrutz has presented a program rate somewhat in excess of their face value, tion would make it possible to develop new to reduce energy waste and to encourage for instance 25~. This would represent to the systems of transit even more economical mass transit. As such, it should be con­ mass transit system a 25 % increase in rev­ than those in existence. It could also have sidered with all of the other viable alter­ enue over services rendered. Such increases the power to issue loans in anticipation of natives. Without endorsement or criti­ would allow for expansion of service, up­ revenues yet uncollected. In this manner it cism, I call his views to the aittention of grading of equipment and perhaps, eventu­ might be possible to upgrade existing transit the Members of this body and suggest ally, a reduction in the price of fares. When systems or create new ones to help alleviate that they read it and also use this forum this takes place, the system then begins to the crunch that is to come. have the sociological impact of reducing A program similar to that designed to to disseminate the widest possible va­ transportation costs for the poor. This latter move people could be instituted to change riety of suggestions, alternatives and value is one of the negatives against a our way of moving freight. A comparable plans. Dr. Alrutz is both knowledgeable straight tax on gasoline. This system of system of Freight Tokens or Credits could be and sincere and his proposal should be Token redemption would obviate the need instituted based upon the purchase of diesel given fair consideration. I insert his pro­ for grants, allocations, or special programs of fuel for trucks. Such Credits would be re­ gram at this point in the RECORD: assistance. deemable only as currency to move freight Obviously, such a system would lack total by rail or waterway. Were this program to be A PROGRAM TO REDUCE ENERGY WASTE AND TO equality. There would be some who would implemented, there would be a shifting of ENCOURAGE MAss TRANSPORT not have mass transit easily available. How­ trucks to piggy-back or container transport. The Energy Crisis so dominating the Amer­ ever, since the Transportation Token is a This would help alleviate the home fuel oil ican scene today is in truth not merely a form of currency, it is negotiable. One could shortage. shortage of fossil fuels. It is the final col­ forsee the rapid development of a "currency Inherent within this program of Trans­ lapse of a whole series of systems built upon exchange" whereby the holders of Tokens portation Currency is a facility of manipu­ generations of wasteful use of nonrenewable would be seeking to convert them to cash. lation to achieve desired ends. The Cur­ resources. The American love affair with the However, the mass transit rider would have rency, whether Tokens or Credits, could be private car, though only symptomatic of no incentive to buy such Tokens unless they assigned values to correspond to the desired the problem, is the single most critical factor constituted a savings. Hence, one can be flow of traffic, and of funds. By decreasing in this collapse. This implies that our prob­ certain that a market of sliding values, all their value private transport is encouraged, lem is not to be solved by merely regulating less than the face value, would develop with­ by increasing their value, it is discouraged. gasoline consumption; we must also change in various regions. But irrespective of this Also, this system should become self-bal­ our transportation patterns, putting the per­ market, those who would continue to utilize ancing in time. As the purchase of gasoline sonal use of the automobile into the luxury private transportation would be paying the decreases, less revenues flow into the Trust category it personifies. price differential of the 20¢ unret\ll'ned tax Fund and less currency is issued. Therefore, Transportation plans must not only re­ plus the loss on the face value of the Token. the Transportation Trust Fund should not strict one form of movement, but must also This loss in fa.ct value would be an addi­ become the uncontrolled monster that is the encourage another. The American public tional savings to those who regularly utilize Highway Trust Fund. The latter is more will respond better to the "stick" of use mass transit. comparable to a self-breeder reactor and has limitations if the "carrot" of alternatives The inequality of available mass transit been an important factor in the creation of is encouraged. Unfortunately, we have ne- would create problems in many areas. But the present energy crisis. glected mass transit to the point that it needs it would also create a demand for new or ex­ This is not a new concept. The practicality a massive infusion of resources before it can panded services. In many of our smaller of such a system is evidenced by that started become a viable alternative for most Amer­ towns the mass transit systems have been by Sperry and Hutchins in their issues of the icans. allowed to go out of existence. Obviously in first S & H Green Stamps. Trading stamps What is needed is a Transportation Our- such communities the citizens would find are a form of currency, expendable in only 40126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 19 73 limited ways. They too have been used to get at the truth when anonymous Adminis­ Again, I commend DAVE MARTIN and change the purchasing habits of the Amer­ tration spokesmen keep contradicting ea.ch ican public. The only long-term solution to other?" his colleagues on the Rules Committee the energy crisis is a similar change in our And although those around him have com­ for coming to an equitable and workabl~ life style. plained they think newsmen were unfair to compromise. the Republican candidate during the 1960 Presidential campaign, Mr. Nixon said of his NIXON FEARS PRESS SELF­ fourteen years in Washington: "It has been my own experience in govern­ THE REALITIES OF NONVOTING CENSORSHIP (IN 1961) ment that newspaper men will co-operate fully when they are dealt with honestly. "No reporter worth his salt would de­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER liberately publish information hurtful to na­ HON. BILL FRENZEL OP MINNESOTA tional security. The record of patriotic self­ OF MINNESOTA restraint is a good one." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And he reached this conclusion: Thursday, December 6, 1973 "President Kennedy's remarks will in­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 evitably encourage government officials to Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, legisla­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in light of further withhold information to which the President Nixon's recent attacks on the public is entitled." tion to create a national post card voter communications media, a May 9, 1961, Tonight, a.t a. combination entertainment registration system has been under con­ Associated Press report published by the and Republican fund-raising rally, to which sideration as a possible solution to the New York Herald Tribune makes fasci­ 12,500 tickets were sold, Mr. Nixon again re­ low voter turnout in the United States nating reading. viewed the Administration's beginning, and, as compared to some other Western de­ Mr. Nixon criticized a speech to the in his estimation, found it wanting. mocracies. A considerable amount of As he did in Chicago last week, Mr. Nixon testimony given at the House Adminis­ Nation's newspaper publishers in which suggested a. summit meeting between Rus­ President Kennedy urged the publishers sia's Nikita. S. Khruschev and Mr. Kennedy, tration Committee hearings on the sub­ to exercise self-restraint when national mostly because he thinks Mr. Khruschev ject demonstrated overwhelmingly, first, security matters were being reported. should see for himself that Mr. Kennedy that such a scheme would be virtually Nixon concluded: can't be pushed around. impossible to administer equitably or "It is imperative," Mr. Nixon said ~n his President Kennedy's remarks will inevita­ efficiently, second, that it would actually prepared text, "that any illusions Mr. Khru­ tend to disenfranchise some voters and bly encourage government officia.ls to further schev may have gained as to America's de­ withhold information to which the public third, that it would open the door to ~ termination and ability to defend the areas vast fraud potential at the polls. is entitled. of freedom against Communist aggression be dispelled.'' As the article below from the fall 1973 If a plea for self-restraint can have Harvard .Political Review shows, the such an effect, and it may, one wonders psychological causes of nonparticipation what inhibitory effects vicious Presiden­ far outweigh the legal or administrative tial attacks on the media may have. And DAVE MARTIN AND THE HOUSE RULES COMMITTEE causes. This article reviews some of the when these Presidential attacks are com­ evidence for the impact of psychological pounded by attacks clearly inspired by causes of nonvoting and questions the the President, it becomes perfectly clear HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER that President Nixon's concern for a free wisdom of expecting any benefits from OF NEBRASKA enactment of Federal legislation aimed and untrammeled press has waned. at increasing voter participation. The 1961 article follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: NIXON F'EARs PRESS SELF-CENSORSHIP WOULD Thursday, December 6, 1973 HELP GOVERNMENT HIDE FACTS Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, pre­ THE REALITIES OF NONVOTING DETROIT, May 9.-Former Vice-President dictions and rumors this entire year have (By V. Lance Tarrance, Jr.) Nixon, stepping up his attacks on the Demo­ been that no budget bill would be pre­ Exactly ten years ago this fall., the Com­ cratic administration, said today President mission on Registrn.tion and Voting Partici­ Kennedy's call for self-censorship by the sented to Congress in 1973. Those pre­ pation, which was appointed by President press will encourage government officials to dictions have recently been proven Kennedy, issued its :findings and presented conceal facts the public has a right to know. wrong, and I would like to commend the recommedations for solving a widely recog­ Mr. Nixon, who kept silent during the first Members of the House Rules Committee nized socio-political malaise. A review of this 100 days Mr. Kennedy was in office, ls on a and their staff for their remarkable ef­ six month Commission, cha.ired by Dick week-long tour in which he has become in­ forts toward getting this legislation Scammon, then current Director of the U.S. creasingly critical of the man who barely de­ ready. Census, is now in order because of the shock­ feated him in November. I especially want to commend my col­ ingly low turnout of the recent 1972 elec­ He chose the Detroit Press Club-"an ap­ tions and beoause of the speculation being propriate forum," as he called it-to discuss league from Nebraska, DAVE MARTIN, who cast on voter participation in the forthcom­ a recent speech Mr. Kennedy made to the as ranking member of the Rules Com­ ing congressional elections. nation's publishers in which he urged self­ mittee and vice chairman of the Select The Presidential Commission Report restraint when national security is affected. Committee on Committees, spent long, stated that "one-third of our adults do not "The plea of security," Mr. Nixon said, hard hours in working on and studying vote in presidential elections (1960) and "could well become a cloak for errors, mis­ this compromise between the various bills more than half do not vote in congressional judgments and other failings of government. that had been submitted. His time and elections (1962). The reasons for America's •.. The whole concept of a return to secrecy efforts are deserving of our appreciation. low voter participation are both psycho­ in peacetime demonstrates a profound mis­ logical and legal." The Report, based upon understanding of the role of a free press as I hope all of us are aware of the ex­ the conventional wisdom of the day, as­ opposed to that of a controlled press.'' treme significance of this bill. It is, as sumed that "restrictive legal and adminis­ others have stated, the most important "DRASTIC PROPOSALS" trat~ve procedures in registration and voting piece of legislation Congress has seen in (which) disfranchise millions" could be alle­ Mr. Nixon had a word, "dra.stic," to describe viated by a series of steps contained in its Mr. Kennedy's proposals. And he contended 25 years. It is the first meaningful step the President talked in such generalities it toward ending deficit financing; I will twenty-one "standards" for social and polit­ not list the ills of deficit financing here; ical change. It also stated in a simplistic was impossible to determine if there wa,s any fashion that the psychological causes could be urgent increase in the need :for secrecy--or if all of us know what those ills are. Thus, any governmental action had been harmed we should be aware of the importance of "attacked by education a..nd educational by open reporting. the budgetary provisions in H.R. 7130. programs." "He appeared to blame the press for recent However, nonvoting has become worse, and Getting congressional control of the many of the Commission's panaceas which Cuban events," the former Vice-President budget and expenditures can be accom­ said of Mr. Kennedy. "But would the results were supposed to alleviate the causes of non­ have been much different had the press failed plished by way of the budget process pro­ participation have proven to be irrelevant. to perform its traditional role? vided in this measure. Alterations will be The inadequacy of the Report can partially "If a bad reporting job was done, was it necessary, I am sure; nevertheless this be blamed on the Commission's charter which entirely the fault of the press? Can it not be legislation is a strong attempt at ending primarily recommended strong legal remedies said there was a deliberate attempt to mis­ deficit financing and establishing a com­ and which was obviously intended for short­ lead? And how can the press be expected to prehensive view of the Federal budget. range political purposes. Unlike other Ker- Decembe1~ 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40127 ner-type Commissions which were created because of administrative discrimination of that year only about 7Y:z million registered in that same decade. this Commission had one kind or a.nether). Another "legal" rea­ voters failed to show on election day or about neither a large staff, nor a substantial son-"residency requirement not satisfied"­ one-half of the ine'ldence of 1972. The 1972 budget. Furthermore the Commission chose was given by only 11 percent of the non­ registered nonvoter was also almost 30 per­ to use published research information gath­ registered respondents (that statistic has cent of the total non-voting electorate which ered in the 1940's and 1950's instead of de­ since been reduced to only 6 percent in the ls a significant increase from the 20 percent veloping its own social science research 1972 Census survey-no doubt a result of the proportion in 1968. projects which would have provided more Blumstein case). This research data demon­ Obviously, much more research would be recent data. strates that the Commission's emphasis on undertaken into the indifference and aliena­ During the ten years, after the Report was "legal" solutions was misplaced since only a tion of these most recent "vanishing voters." issued, the malaise has become worse: minimal number of non-registered citizens They are more likely to provide insights into are not registered because of legal barriers. this phenomenon than those already lost in Percentage turnout in Presidential elections: Even though legal stimulants to increase the not registered nonvoting class. A com­ 1960 ------63 voting participation are never quite ex­ parison of these two types of nonvoters in 1964 ------61 hausted, one is led to the conclusion that the 1972 demonstrates presumptive evidence that 1968 ------60 1963 Kennedy Commission findings on the they have different motivational drives which 1972 ------56 psychological causes were more "major" than account for their nonparticipation: Dropoff ------7 the Commission realized. The Report in ret­ Reasons for nonparticipation [In millions) rospect overemphasized legal barriers and Registered nonvoter: Nonvoters: deemphasized the psychological ones. For Not interested------15 1972 ------50 million example, no public opinion surveys which Dislikes politics______12 1968 ------38 million would ·have allowed attitudinal research in Unable to go______35 1964 ------33 million key psychological areas were included in the N onregistered nonvoter: These '-'nonvoter;;" statistics are actually Commission Report. The conventional wis­ Not interested______43 understated since national surveys on voter dom of the day was simply recycled through Dislikes politics______8 participation contain a. 7 to 10 percent over­ the Report. Unable to go______12 reporting problem for researchers. Not until recently have the U.S. Census surveys begun to probe the reasons for non­ Th.is difference emphasizes the importance Did the Kennedy Commission fail to have of analyzing each group separately when an impact upon our political system? Hardly. voting and, more recently, non-registration. The Census' 50,000 Household Survey re­ studying the motivations of nonvoting. The Report's "affinn.ative action plan" was Even though the 1963 Kennedy Commis­ taken quite seriously; indeed its legal pre­ ported the following information after the 1972 elections: sion Report cited briefly some of the psycho­ scriptions were extensively implemented. logical causes for low turnout in American Let's view the results of some of the more Persons who were not registered in November elections, it actually devoted only about ten important recommendations: 1972 pages to "remedies for voluntary nonvoting" Legal reasons: PROPOSED 1963 MANDATE AND FINAL RESULTS Unable to register______12 while spending about fifty pages on "involun­ AFTER TEN YEARS Not a citizen______10 tary nonvoting." The Report also oversimpli­ fied the voluntary remedies by stating that 1. "Each state should set up a commission Residence requirement not satisfied__ 6 on Registration and Voting Participation, "the most obvious method of combating apa­ thy ls a register-and-vote campaign" and or •.. survey in detail its election law and Total------28 practices." "the teaching of citizenship in our elemen­ tary and secondary schools needs a major The Campaign Finance Act of 1972 estab­ Psychological reasons: lished an "Office of Federal Elections" in Not interested______43 overhaul." However this mode of attack on GAO to do this on a fifty-state basis. Dislikes politics______8 voter turnout has proved to be far from the pat formula the Report seemed to imply. · 4. "Local residency requirements should Other reasons (nonlegal)------15 Don't remember______6 Furthermore, Penn Kimball has ably demon­ not exceed 30 days." strated in his recent 1972 book, The Discon­ Implemented by the Supreme Court in nected, that independent citizen group regis­ Blumstein v. Dunn, 1972. Total------72 tration drives are ineffective and not the 5. "New state residents should be allowed Thus, about three out of every four non­ long-range solution. to vote for President." registered potential voters apparently are The final remedy in the Report for the psy­ This was accomplished in time for the completely indifferent to the political proc­ chological causes was the familiar plea for 1968 elections by the Federal Voting Rights ess. Clearly it seems that the more substan­ increased two-party competition. ("A great Act of 1965. tial root causes of low voter participation ally or education in the fight against apathy 6. "Voter Registration should extend as are "invisible ones" which are producing the ls politics itself-the two-party system ... ) close to Election Day as possible, and should deepest and most persistent decline in na­ The Commission members, however, were not not end more than 3 or 4 weeks before Elec­ tional voting , st.nee the early days of this able to see the futility in such a "call." One tion Day." century (e.g., participation in the 1920's was sign of decreased two-party competition is The Federal Voting Rights Act of 1970 only around 40 percent). a decrease in the extent of political party and the Blumstein case contributed to ex­ The large number of persons in 1972 who allegiance. Over the past ten years, a dimuni­ tending voter registration deadlines. made the effort to register but who still did tion in political party allegiance has oc­ 11. "Literacy tests should not be a re­ not vote on election day presents a prob­ curred. David Broder's conclusions in his quisite for voting." lem that requires review. This phenomenon book, The Party's Over, and Devries and Accomplished by the Federal Voting Rights · was described nicely by the New York Times Tarrance's research in The Ticket Splitter Act of 1965. in a post-election article entitled "Voter Ex­ have presented evidence of less party cohe­ 16. "Voting by persons 18 years of age plains Why She Wasn't" which included a sion and more party-government fragmenta­ should be considered by the states." Times-Yankelovic national survey. The sur­ tion in the 1970's. Thus, the "last hope" of Implemented by the 26th Amendment to vey was designed to probe nonvoting among the Kennedy Commission leaves us with an the U.S. Constitution, 1971. registered voters. On the question, "Which insoluble situation if voted interest ls to be 18. "The right to vote should be extended candidate, Richard Nixon or George McGov­ predicated on the traditional model of the to those living on Federal Reservations." ern, do you find the more attractive?" party system. The Supreme Court in 1967 accomplished the following response was given: If the conventional wisdom espoused in that standard in the Corman case. the Kennedy Commission Report did not 20. "The poll tax as a qualification for Neither ------37 yield in retrospect the "quick turn-around voting should be eliILinated." Nixon------33 results" that the Kennedy Commission was Accomplished by the 24th Amendment, McGovern------23 looking for, what then could be the causes of 1964-. Unsure ------7 the long-term decline in voting participa­ tion? Even if we concede that party identifi­ Thus, many if not most of the legal stand­ The high percentage of those who answered cation has eroded considerably over the last ards contained in the Kennedy Report of "neither" or "unsure" offers one possible ex­ planation for this phenomenon of non-par­ decade, could it not also be that potential 1963 have been met over the last ten years voters today are simply less likely to vote if by either judicial decree or legislative initia­ ticipation among registered voters. they believe their votes "just do not make any tive. Yet, voter participation has continued Census surveys later confirmed a psycho­ difference"? Recent .studi~s out of the Uni­ to decline in this country. Although the pre­ logical basis for non-voting by reporting versity of Michigan's Survey Research Cen­ scriptive recommendations of the Kennedy that nearly 13 million registered voters in ter have measured political efficacy and found Commission were important and needed to 1972 did not bother to vote on election day. it at an all time low and this alienation has be enacted, in certain areas they did not have That number, incidentally, is as large as the become in their view a real and alarming the intended effect and many nonregistered total number of registered voters 1n 1972 1n problem. Again, according to this social­ voters remain. The U.S. Census survey imme­ the combined states of Texas, Massachusetts, psychological school of thought, a major shift diately after- the 1968 elections showed that Florida, and New Jersey, or to put it another in atti"t;udes is taking place, and, for reasons only 13 perceht of those who reported them­ way, a total of seventy-four electoral college not fully understood, more and more Ameri­ selves as not registered provided the reason votes. To compare the 1972 statistics to the cans are intentionally disregarding elections as being "unable to register" (presumably 1968 election ls somewhat frigh~ing-in which seem less and less important to them. ~0128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 Further evidence of this "new view" was THE ENERGY CRISIS IN Since there is just so much oil, coal, natural illustrated when the Secretary of State PERSPECTIVE ga.s and other energy sources, sooner or later Richard Stone in Florida conducted a survey we are going to run out. We must, therefore, .of 15,000 poll workers and local election begin to ration these resources not only to judges in order to shed light on the very low HON. PHILIP M. CRANE meet the current crisis but to conserve en­ turnout in that state's first presidential OF Il.LINOIS ergy in our time and move the day of reckon­ primary in 1972. The survey data showed ing further into the future. Americans have that a. new "what's the use" attitude pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been "energy pigs," according to Stewart vailed as the chief explanation a.nd these Thursday, December 6, 1973 Udall, and have been operating on the mis­ workers and judges felt registered nonvoters guided assumption that there is no limit to simply did not think t hat the election really Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the response the quantity of energy. Since we are a.t the mattered very much. Perhaps political sci­ to the current difficulties we are facing end of the era of cheap fuel and dealing with entists should reexamine Ant hony Down's with regard to energy has been all too a problem without precedent, strong a.nd pre­ theory postulated in the late 1950's, t hat if typical of our response to so many other viously unacceptable policies a.re called for: the "long-range participation value" of vot­ government regulation of the production and ing (utility) is something like .000000003, problems. What is called for is increased Govern­ distribution of energy. the citizen will not spend his scarce resources Ignored is the fact that mankind has fre­ (time) to purchase that commodity on the ment coercion, the creation of huge and quently experienced instances of increasing open market. Similarly, it would be worth­ expensive new bureaucracies, and the scarcity, and by ingenuity a.nd free action has while to reexamine the research of Angus provision of virtually total and un­ solved all of them. In fact, we a.re currently Campbell, who in "The Passive Citizen" checked power to the executive branch of experiencing the second major energy crisis ( 1962) reported that in addit ion to per­ Government. in American history. ceiving an election to be important, the citi­ The concept of gas rationing, advo­ From the colonization period until the zen must also perceive the government as cated by so many who insist upon telling Civil War the major source of artificial light­ responsive to his efforts if he is to be highly ing in t he U.S. and Europe wa.s whale and motivated to participate. us that it is inevitable is a typical ex­ sperm oil. Since there were no good sub­ In summary, our review of the Kennedy ample of this kind of thinking. stitutes for these oils as a. sources of light, Commission Report on voting participation Gas rationing would be unfair to every­ the world's supply of a.rtificia.l light depended in 1963 does not leave one with much opti­ one. With more than 100 million cars on almost exclusively on the whaling industry. mism except to say that after ten years the the road. It would require a huge bureau­ People did not need computers to project ca.uses of volitional nonvoting are still not cracy to implement. More significant, that the supply of whales could not keep fully understood a.nd not enough research pace with the rapid expansion in demand. money has been expended in that pursuit. perhaps, is the fact that it would stimu­ late increased, rather than decreased, use Sperm oil rose from 43 cents per gallon in Secondly, there is a strong case that all the 1823 to $2.55 a gallon in 1866. Whale oil rose original emphasis on restrictive legal a.nd of the available gasoline supply. from a low of 23 cents in 1832 to $1.45 a administrative procedures represented only Prof. Milton Friedman points out that gallon in 1865. As price rose, gas distilled the tip of the iceberg and that the psycho­ if the price of petroleum products was from coal became an economically feasible logical causes of nonvoting were, even in permitted to rise on the free market, all substitute causing whale oil demand to fall 1963, much more serious than the Commis­ of us would have a vested interest in off sharply in Europe. sion was able to perceive. No amount of fed­ using as little as possible, and the oil In 1859 sperm oil was over $1.36 a gallon. eral administrative intervention is going to But that same year, an event which in nine alleviate the deeper psychological causes for companies would have a vested interest years would end the whale oil crisis forever non-registration. Also, no amount of super­ in exploring for new sources. Rationing, occurred: petroleum wa.s discovered in Penn­ ficial educational programs by civic groups quite to the contrary, would make it eco­ sylvania. In the meantime, the demand of a.re going to have much impact if the po­ nomically unattractive to seek new the Civil War boomed whale oil prices. Not litical party system as we know it today is sources and would give each of us an only was there increased demand, the wa.r under rapid decomposition and resulting in interest in obtaining as much gasoline disrupted production. Conscription o! whal­ divided party government in nearly every ing vessels a.s freight ships and the capture state. as possible. It would, in simple terms, be not only coercive and unfair, but also or destruction of ships by Southern pri­ New answers from new research a.re the vateers caused a decline of more than 50 % only solution. Instead of the "one-third counterproductive. in the number of U.S. ships in whaling and who do not vote in Presidential elections" Dr. W. Philip Gramm, professor of eco­ a 60% decline in tonnage. By 1866, sperm oil that so concerned the 1963 Kennedy Com­ nomics at Texas A. & M. University and ha.d reached a high of $2.55 a gallon. mission, we have ten years later, "one-half a consultant to Canada's Ministry of The high prices for whale and sperm oil who did not vote in the 1972 Presidential Natural Resources, declares that-- between 1849 a.nd 1867 provided a. growing election." Instead of the "one-half who did The first step in solving the energy short­ profit incentive to develop an efficient re­ not vote in congressional elections" ten fining process for crude petroleum and in­ years a.go, we most likely will approach age is to allow the free market system to work. All price ceilings and government con­ duced the investment required for the pro­ "nearly two-thirds" who will not vote in the duction of kerosene. Beginning in 1867, kero­ 1974 congressional elections. trols should be eliminated. Such action would greatly stimulate the supply of energy sene broke the sperm and whale oil market sources and eliminate shortages. Prices would and prices tumbled. By 1896, sperm oil was rise but the expansion of output would hold cheaper than it had been in any recorded prices to the minimum which current con­ period--40 cents a. gallon-but whale oil ANOTHER THOUGHT ABOUT SPffiO ditions dictate. lamps were no more than relics for succeed­ AGNEW'S RESIGNATION ing generations. Writing in the Wall Street Journal, TWO VITAL FUNCTIONS Professor Gramm notes that-- Aside from providing an incentive for the ... the free market wlll insure that energy development of petroleum products rising HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE wlll be allocated to the highest priority users. whale and sperm oil prices performed two OF INDIANA Price increases are not pleasant, but they are other vital functions. Rising prices ca.used IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES better than low prices and no energy. If consumers to act out of their own sell in­ these higher prices work hardships on the terest to economize the use of oil. Rising Thursday, December 6, 1973 less fortunate among us, special provisions prices gave an inducement for producers to which would be preferable to the distortions increase output of whale a.nd sperm oil Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, even and waste of rationing, could be provided through increases in investment, improve­ though Elliot Richardson considers him­ !or this small minority. ments in technology, a.nd increased labor self to be the epitome of justice, it seems input. The rise in prices from 1820-1847 in­ to me that there was something sinister I wish to share with my colleagues the duced a rise in the tonnage of whaling ves­ and very fishy about a deal made in important article, "The Energy Crisis in sels of almost 600 % and produced numer­ which the Vice President of the United Perspective," which appeared in the Wall ous technological improvements in the whal­ Street Journal of November 30, 1973, ing industry. It appears that rising prices States had charges of high crime waived ca.used output to increase perhaps by 1,000% in exchange for his resignation from the and insert it into the RECORD at this or more. Had government possessed the pow­ office to which he was duly elected by time: er and volition to ration whale a.nd sperm a majority of the voters in a national [From the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 30, 1973) oil to hold its price down or to , levy a tax election. THE ENERGY CRISIS IN PERSPECTIVE on oil to reap the gains from the price rise, the shortage would have been ca.ta.strophic.. Adam Clayton Powell, an admitted (By W. Philip Ora.mm) and the advent of kerosene and other petro­ thief, got a much better deal than that Much of the prevailing rhetoric on the leum products might llave been delayed for from the U.S. House of Representatives. "energy crisis" expresses this kind of logic: decades. • December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40129 The whale oil crisis is a case study of how rise, he argues, will not put more oil in the out adequate information, society will not the free-market system solves a scarcity pipelines--at least not before the next elec­ be able to decide which programs are wort h problem. The end product of this process of tion. People "need a certain amount" of the the cost and which are not. If people prefer discovery and innovation is the Petroleum product, and they will always buy the same cleaner air to lower fuel cost they can choose Age in which we live. We owe the benefits quantity regardless of price unless they are to convert from coal to oil. If they choose and comforts of the present era to free en­ too poor to afford it at all. lower fuel cost they can burn cheaper and terprise and the scarcity of whales. These views are, of course, economic non­ dirtier fuels. Such a system seems preferable The history of our first "energy crisis" sense. In weighing the various courses of to allowing a bureaucrat to decide for them. demonstrates that there is no reason to be­ action which might be followed in minimiz­ To increase supplies we should open the lieve that we face long-term doom. If tech­ ing the cost of dealing with the current en­ continental shelf for drilling but make firms nology were suddenly frozen, some of the ergy problem it is useful to make a ball liable for oil spills and ot her forms of eco­ dire projections being made now might be park estimate of the price level that the free logical disturbances. Most oil spills are not realized in several hundred years or less, market would yield in the shortage period. from drillings but from tankers. By employ­ depending on which "expert of the week" one ESTIMATING OUTPUT AND DEMAND ing the Naval oil reserves, the continental believes. But technology is not frozen. It is shelf and areas which will become econom­ instead progressing at a rate unprecedented Estimates of how much the demand for en­ ically feasible at higher prices, output could in history. The Petroleum Age will pass as did ergy sources would decline in a period less be greatly expanded. the Stone Age ( and the Whale Oil Era) . The than a year, if prices rose by 1 % , range from roughly 0.2% to 1.2 % . Estimates of how We should institute peak-load pricing for real danger is that we may foolishly restrict much the quantity supplied would rise in the electricity in shortage areas. Brownouts and the exploitation of current energy sources same period, if prices rose by 1 %, vary from blackouts occur because in peak use periods and allow them to become valueless. Only if roughly 0.6 % to 2%. A reasonably conserva­ overloads occur. By charging more for power we eliminate the market incentives for in­ tive estimate is that a price of 1 % will pro­ in peak use periods, nonessential use would novation and investment will we face a real, voke a decline in the quantity demanded of occur in nonpeak load periods when power is long-term "energy crisis." 0.5 % and a rise in the quantity supplied of cheaper. Under the current system there is Though there is no long-term "energy 1%. no incentive to spread out power use. Peak crisis" there is a short-term problem. Eco­ The practical importance of these esti­ load pricing could minimize overloads in the nomic science teaches that shortages can­ mates is that a 10% shortage in the supply current system and allow time for supply not exist in free markets. In free markets of fuel at current prices would yield a free sources to catch up to peak load demand. prices rise in order to eliminate shortages. market rise in price of less than 7% ! If we are In a free market, when the price of a good "Crisis" as opposed to simple scarcity, re­ more pessimistic about the shortage and as­ starts to rise, three simult aneous forces are sults from market disruptions; and the only sume that demand exceeds supply by 20 % at produced. First, people start to use the good sector of society which possesses the power the current price, we might expect a price more judiciously, second, producers and con­ to disrupt a large market is the government. rise of less than 14%. sumers who use the product begin to search Government price ceilings on natural gas at The above estimates, though conservative, for cheaper substitutes, and third, producers the well-head have been one of the most dis­ do not take account of the disruption pro­ of the product attempt to expand output by ruptive public policies. By setting the price duced by the crisis atmosphere that sur­ using and developing technology to meet the of natural gas artificially low, the govern­ rounds this issue. Since the magnitude of the demand. It is this process which has always ment has stifled the incentive of producers to crisis has been blown out of all reasonable forestalled doom. We will run out of energy increase supplies, while the artificially low proportions and people fear shortages and ra­ only if we prevent the free market from price has stimulated demand. Furthermore, tioning, hoarding by both the supplier and working. Herein lies the real danger of the since profits are low at these artificially low demanders is a genui~e possibility. In the "energy crisis." ceiling prices, investment and exploration very short run (up to three mo;nths) we have fallen off sharply. might expect prices to rise above the long­ Price controls have also had a detrimental term market price. After roughly one to three impact on the supply of petroleum products months we should expect the crisis mania to THE BUDGET AND IMPOUNDMENT and the construction of refinery capacity, pass and a general dishoarding to occur so CONTROL ACT essential to increasing domestic energy sup­ that prices would fall to a level below the plies. Due to the pressure to keep prices above estimates. These estimates are of course below what the free market would specify, based on the assumption of unhampered shortages of petroleum products have oc­ HON. ELLA T. GRASSO market adjustments. Government attempts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES curred at both the retail and wholesale to interfere with this market process would levels. Had prices been allowed to rise, the tend to shift the estimates upwards. OF CONNECTICUT quantity supplied would have expanded to The first step in solving the energy short­ Thursday, December 6, 1973 meet the quantity demanded; and each con­ age is to allow the free market system to sumer would have had direct incentive to work. All price ceilings and government con­ Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, for the economize on usage. We are only now begin­ trols should be eliminated. Such action would last 25 or 30 years, the Congress has been ning to realize the distorting impact on the greatly stimulate the supply of energy sources handicapped by an inadequate, ineffi­ production of inputs essential for fuel pro­ and eliminate_ shortages. Prices would rise duction ( drilling equipment, tubular steel, cient, and antiquated budgetmaking but the expansion of output would hold apparatus while the executive has cor­ etc.) which four phases of price controls prices to the minimum which current con­ have produced. _ditions dicta'j;e. Furthermore, the free mar­ nered the vital area of fiscal manage­ Environmental legislation and court action ket will insure that energy will be allocated ment. also have had a significant impact on the to the highest priority users. Price increases By approving H.R. 7130, the Budget supply and demand for energy. Injunctions are not pleasant; but they are better than and Impoundment Control Act of 1973, against atomic and conventional power low prices and no energy. If these higher the House has taken a major step toward plants have prevented the supply of elec­ prices work hardships on the less fortunate returning the traditional balance be­ tricity from keeping up with the demand. among us, special provisions which would be tween the powers of the legislative and The injunction against the Alaskan pipeline preferable to the distortions and waste of has impeded the growth of oil supplies. rationing, could be provided for this small executive branches of Government. Pollution control devices on automobiles minority. Without question, the Congress cannot have increased fuel consumption and, there­ There is an additional advantage of allow­ perform its most basic task of making by, increased the demand for gasoline. Mass ing domestic prices to rise. As prices rise in decisions about the raising and spend­ conversion from high sulphur to low sulphur the U.S., the cost to the Arabs of maintaining ing of Federal tax dollars unless its ca­ fuels in order to comply with EPA regula­ the restriction on sales to the U.S. will get pacity for dealing with the budget is tions to abate pollution has caused a change higher. If we simply allow the market to in the composition of energy demand from greatly enhanced. Determining spending work, the agreement to restrict sales to the priorities within the isolated context of plentiful, cheap sources of energy to scarcer U.S. will break and with it Arab unity will more expensive ones. break. The Arabs are playing a dangerous separate appropriations bills precludes The energy crisis has made it clear that game. If we allow prices to rise we can ex­ a comprehensive review of the entire pollution abatement has a definite cost to pect the development of new domestic budget and a balanced determination of society. Only by understanding the costs sources such as oil shale and domestically spending priorities. involved in various forms of pollution abate­ produced substitutes for petroleum. This situation will be altered by RR. ment can we choose how much environmen­ tal protection is optimal. COSTS AND CLEAN Am 7130. The bill establishes a new Budget The bureaucratic method of looking at the Another step in solving the energy problem Committee to study various requests and supply and demand for energy products dif­ is to inform society of the cost of environ­ establish ceilings for expenditures in the fers substantially from the market-directed mental and ecological programs and allow the various categories of the Federal budget. approach. The bureaucrat presumes first of people to choose. If people want the end It also provides a timetable for consid­ all that the supply of the product is abso­ products of such programs they will have to ering the new budget, establishes a Leg­ lutely fixed. Price does not matter. A price pay the cost in higher energy prices. With- islative Budget Office to supply the Con- 40130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1918 gress with independent information on introduction ought to engender the de­ profession up for full federal insurance, or, programs and priorities, and requires the bate and public hea1·ings necessary to ah· as the AMA once would have termed it, "so­ Congress to keep expenditures within fully the pros and cons of this issue. cialized medicine." Interestingly, the AMA the ceiling originally adopted. Hopefully, those hearings will bring out, had a han d in the original conception of PSROs, apparently with some notion of dis- In a related area, the impoundment of sufficiently, why the PSROs are not con­ . playing flexibility-thus avoiding the kind of appropriated funds and the discontinua­ sistent with the long established Amer­ pitched battle it lost over Medicare-and at tion of lawfully enacted programs by the ican traditions surrounding doctors and the same time keeping PSROs in the hands executive seriously erode the system of their patients. _of physicians. But a good many physicians checks and balances contained in the This morning's Wall Street Journal are makin g it clear that they think that Constitution. To help restore this bal­ carried an excellent editorial on the was a bad tactic. ance, earlier in the session I cosponsored PSRO's and I commend it to the atten­ It would seem that they have a. point. Medicare and Medicaid were a product of the legislation to control impoundment and tion of my colleagues: mid-1960s and there is no denying the public supported H.R. 8480, the Impoundment No TIME FOR PAT IEirTS? support that then existed. But this is 1973 Control Act. Title II of H.R. 7130 estab­ We would never argue that any group and Americans have seen quite a lot they lishes the procedure by which Congress should be exempt from accountability to the don't like about federal social programs. can overrule the impoundment of law­ larger society, but we can understand why There is no certainty they are yet ready for fully enacted funds by the executive. many doctors at an American Medical As­ national health insurance and they certainly The Budget and Impoundment Control sociation convention in Anaheim this week aren't ready for sneaky approaches to that are up in arms over a new federal law pur­ end through innocent-looking riders to com­ Act, while not perfect, represents the portedly designed to monitor the way doctors plex bills in Congress. As to monitoring Medi­ first major step taken by the Congress deal with federally insured patients. care and Medicaid, HEW might do well, or in years toward reforming its inefficient The law, described elsewhere on this page so the Louisiana case would suggest, to get control over fiscal matters. Just as the today by Dr. Winsten, requires the establish­ better control of its existing auditing system. war powers resolution restored the con­ ment of "Professional Standards Review Or­ Rep. Rarick (D., La.) has introduced a stitutional balance in foreign affairs, the ganizations" all around the country starting bill to repeal PSROs. It may well be that the final passage of H.R. 7130 will restore the Jan. 1. These PSROs, which will be comprised public has a bigger stake in repeal than it mainly of doctors, will have the task of sec­ realizes. At any rate, the issue deserves a balance in domestic matters by revitaliz­ ond-guessing decisions made by other doctors better hearing than it got when PSROs were ing the fiscal responsibility of the Con­ in treating patients under Medicare, Medic­ so nimbly written into law last year. gress. aid and maternal and child health problems. Their findings will be used by a HEW bu­ reaucracy to establish certain "norms" that THE QUALITY OF MEDICINE BEING doctors would be expected to follow in treat­ TESTIMONY ON POW'S AND MIA'S ENDANGERED BY FEDERAL REGU­ ing federally insured patients. Such ques­ LATIONS tions as whether some doctors overprescribe or require unnecessary hospitalization will enter into the review and norm-setting proc­ HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG ess. OF FLORIDA HON. JACK F. KEMP While we favor a businesslike administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK tion of federal social programs, the PSRO legislation raises some questions which Thursday, December 6, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES didn't get adequately asked or answered by Thursday, December 6, 1973 Congress. It was attached, by Senator Ben­ Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, nett (R., Utah), as a rider onto last fall's yesterday I submitted testimony to the Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the quality big and controversial Social Security bill and House Foreign Affairs Committee in sup­ of medical care in the United States is somehow rode through with almost no public port of legislation to require a full ac­ important to each of us. It is a matter of attention. The House did not even hold pub­ counting of our men who are missing in health and life. lic hearings on the PSROs. action in Southeast Asia. Though the During recent years, this profession, And yet the law empowers the government, United States has withdrawn from Viet­ like so many others, has been beset with through PSROs, to examine medical records in doctors' offices, not only of federally in­ nam and our POW's have come home, we new Federal regulatory and reporting sured patients but private patients as well. should not forget the tragic lessons requirements, some of which reduce sig­ The Association of American Physicians and learned during that conflict, nor should nificantly the doctors' abilities to serve Surgeons thinks this is an unconstitutional we forget that 1,200 men have not been adequately their patients. One of these invasion of a private relationship. accounted for as yet. We must not back requirements was imposed as an obscure Further, it can be doubted that Congress down from our demand for a full and provision of last year's Social Security gave sufficient thought to the cost of all this complete accounting of our MIA's and Act amendments. It is the requirement monitoring and norm-setting. There is no clear picture of how many PSROs there will we must not forget that this problem is of establishing "Professional Standards be but a minimum of 150, and probably con­ a daily tragedy for the parents, wives, Review Organizations"-PSRO's-as­ siderably more, is likely. The man-hours of and children of these men. signed the tasks of second-guessing doc­ doctors who serve on them will be that many Following is the text of my testimony tor's decisions on the treatment of pa­ fewer man-hours devoted to practicing medi­ before the committee: cine, not to mention the man-hours that tients under medicare, medicaid, and ma­ TESTIMONY OF HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG ternal and child health programs. will have to be devoted in doctors' offices to meeting demands for information or justify­ Mr. Chairman, as a cosponsor of H. Con. One of the rights inherent to a free Res. 271, I have joined with more than 100 society is the right of a patient to have ing decisions. It might be noted that some 50 million other Members to express my deep concern his or her medical problems attended to patients and 10 million hospital missions are at the continuing and unresolved problem of in the fullest of privacy. This confidential potentially subject to monitoring and that our men who are missing in action in South­ relationship is as privileged as one be­ the proposed norms cover some 350 pro­ east Asia. This is not the first, nor the la.st, tween a priest and penitent or an attor­ cedures. It makes you wonder if doctors will effort I shall make on behalf of our POWs ney and client. Many legal authorities have any time left to treat patients. and MIAs. It is imperative for the families Finally, the law seems to ignore that a. of these men and for the integrity and honor believe the PSRO's violate this constitu­ of our fighting forces that this problem not tional principle. great deal of peer review already goes on in medicine, by state and local medical societies be allowed to slide into oblivion. The PSRO's were added to last year's and hospital boards that review decisions to The question of a proper accounting of our act as an amendment on the Senate floor. operate and the like. While peer review has MIAs is pa.rt of the larger tragedy which It was not fully debated. It was not even been criticized as ineffective a lot of the took place for all mankind during the con­ the subject of public hearings in the criticism remains unproved. In Louisiana flict in Southeast Asia. The Communist House. It is law today because it was la.st December, it was the state medical soci­ forces, and most specifically the Government buried in such an otherwise complex law ety that blew the whistle on a HEW-financed of North Vietnam, repeatedly, consistently, private birth control scheme that now is and blatantly refused to abide by the prison­ that it never received full attention. under criminal investigation, which suggests er treatment protocols of the Geneva Con­ I am introducing legislation, together that the public interest may fare at least a-s vention. The United Nations, the funda­ with other Members, to repeal the PSRO well under private peer review as through mental world body charged with the pro­ requirements. I believe this to be in the the good offices of HEW. tection of human rights, stood by helpless, best medical and legal interests of the Many doctors claim that the PSRO sleeper the victim of an avalanche of anti-United patient community. At the very least, its actually was designed to open the medical States rhetoric. The other signatories of the December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40131 Geneva Convention paid only lip service to portant ~ense of the Congress resolution. As Party testified in favor of party designa­ their responsibilities, and the forum of world the world's most powerful nation and as a tion in these words: opinion chose only to concentrate on alleged people who have suffered deeply from the We believe the Mayor should be elected in mistreatment of prisoners in South Vietnam. Vietnamese conflict, it is incumbent upon During my service in the House I have con­ partisan elections. There is no question but us to act responsibility to prevent any further the present political parties in the District tinually sought and supported means to make such abuses of prisoners' rights as we saw the Communists abide by the regulations for of Columbia can provide the machinery by in Southeast Asia. which a candidate aspiring to office can best treatment of POWs set forth in the Geneva That this is not just a problem peculiar bring his or her views to the electorate. Convention, and I have stressed the critical to our involvement in Vietnam has been importance of d, full accounting of Americans· brought home to us strongly by certain The League of Women Voters also missing in action in Southeast Asia. events which took place during the recent spoke in favor of party designation as In April of this year I was moved by the Middle East conflict. I am referring, for follows: horror stories of our returning prisoners of example, to a formal complaint filed by the war to request of the Pesident that the Government of Israel with the International We support a legislative body broadly rep• United States take the initiative in convening Red Cross in Geneva concerning crimes of resentative of the community, elected in par­ a new international convention for the pur­ murder and mutilation committed against tisan elections, some by ward and some at pose of reviewing agreements relating to Israeli prisoners of war by Syrian military large. The chief executive should also be treatment of prisoners of war and to provide forces on the Golan Heights. In retaking elected in a partisan election. effective methods to guarantee the enforce­ certain areas of the Golan Heights, Israel ONLY THREE OF FIVE AT LARGE COUNCil.MEN ment of agreements relative to prisoners of Defense Force troops claim to have dis­ MAY BE FROM SAME PARTY war. I am happy to report that the President covered proof that 28 Israeli soldiers had The conference report includes a f ea­ responded with positive news: an interna­ been murdered in cold blood after their cap­ ture to help keep a minority party's voice tional meeting on precisely this issue has ture by Syrian troops. been scheduled by the Swiss Government If the United States and other free nations on the council. Only three of the five (the depository for the 1949 Geneva Conven­ concerned with human rights do not take members at large on the City Council tion) for February 18 to April 11, 1974 In firm and unequivocal stands against such may be from the same party. Geneva. barbarities and bring to bear every ounce of HATCH ACT PREVENTS CITY MACHINE Also in April, I formally requested House moral, political, and economic power that we An additional benefit of partisan elec­ Armed Services Committee Chairman Edward possess against the offenders, we are serving Hebert ';o have the Committee conduct a notice to aggressors large and small that they tions is that city employees will not be thorough investigation of the treatment of can violate the Geneva Convention with im­ able to be coerced to collect money and Americans held prisoner by the Communists. punity and that some of the most funda­ campaign for city officials in order to keep I expressed the sincere hope that we all share, mental rules of civilization no longer apply. their jobs or get promotions. The Hatch that Americans will never again become in­ I cannot urge my distinguished colleagues Act gives them that protection, but would volved in any military conflict, but also put on this subcommittee strongly enough to not under nonpartisan elections. forward my feeling that an Armed Services take immediate and constructive action on All in all, I feel that partisan elections Committee investigation could contribute to behalf of our missing in action. The Con­ will work well in Washington, D.C. the assurance that our men owuld be more gress must not abdicate its responsibility adequately protected in any such future to our POWs, to the families of the MIAs, eventuality. Moreover, an investigation such and to the men of our armed forces who may as I recommended could reveal the presence face similar trials in future conflicts. If we of any prisoners of war who had not been sweep this problem under the rug by leaving A CHRISTMAS WITHOUT CHRIST? previously identified and could provide addi­ it to the sluggish efforts of governmental tional information on those still unaccounted agencies, future generations of mankind may for. suffer the results. HON. CHARLES WILSON In the wake of our national joy at having OF TEXAS our POWs home at last, the problems of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their mistreatment and of the more than Thursday, December 6, 1973 1,200 MIAs seemed to be slipping into the PARTY DESIGNATION IN LOCAL backgro:md. But I, along with many other ELECTIONS IN WASHINGTON, D.C., Mr. CHARLES WILSON of Texas. Mr. Members, was determined not to let this FAVORED Speaker, it was with a good deal of dis­ happen. Therefore, on July 31 I joined with may that I read that the annual Ch1ist­ more than a hundred other Members of the mas Pageant for Peace on the Ellipse House to introduce H. Con. Res. 271, express­ will not include a depiction of the Nativ­ ing the sense of Congress with respect to HON. DONALD M. FRASER ity this year. Zealous separationists have those men still missing in action in Southeast OF MINNESOTA Asia. This resolution clearly prohibits any convinced the Federal Court of Appeals further Congressional consideration of aid, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES that to include Christ in Christmas is an trade, diplomatic recognition or any other Thursday, December 6, 1973 "excessive government entanglement form of communication, travel, or accommo­ with religion," and that such a display dation with North Vietnam or the Viet Cong Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the District would be offensive to non-Christians. until such time as the January 27, 1973 of Columbia home rule conference report Frankly, I find the scene's exclusion agreements relating to our military and to be voted on in the House next Wed­ from the pageant extremely offensive, civilian personnel in the missing in action nesday, December 12 provides party des­ category are complied with. and obviously so do many East Texans ignation on the ballots on which the who have written to me in the past weeks Furthermore, on September 25th I new Mayor and City Council will be elec­ sponsored H .J. Res. 741, calling for a full expressing their strong disapproval of Congressional investigation into the status ted in the fall of 1974. the action. of our servicemen still listed as missing in That feature was in the committee bill, I would like to take this opportunity aotion as a result of the Vietnam conflict. H.R. 9682 when it was voted out of com­ to reprint here a few of the letters I have This resolution not only calls for an inde­ mittee last July by a vote of 20 to 4. received from my constituents, as well pendent Congressional inquiry but also the Testimony at the hearings on the blll as the letter which I am sending to Rog­ withholding of any aid to the North Viet­ from February 8 to July 15 was over­ ers Morton, Secretary of the Department namese Jovernment or any government sup­ whelmingly for party designation. Let of the Interior, which has ordered the ported by insurgent communist forces In me quote from the hearing record. Southeast Asia until there ls a full account­ removal of the Nativity scene from the ing of MIAs. On the same date, I again re­ BOARD OF TRADE FAVORS PARTISAN BALLOT pageant. newed my request to Chairman Hebert for Mr. Walter F. McArdle, president of NEW CANEY, TEX. investigation by the Armed Services Com­ the Metropolitan Washington Board of DEAR CONGRESSMAN CHARLES Wn.SON: mittee into the whereabouts of the more Trade voiced the support of business in When I discovered that the Nativity Scene than 1,200 American MIAs. I noted in my these words: will be removed from the Christmas Pageant letter that such an investigation would help for Peace in Washington, I must say I was to end, once and for all, the uncertainty for These legislators (city council) should be amazed. Can this be true? Will you let this those families of men still missing as well elected by partisan ballot. happen? Will you sit idly by and make no as to obtain the release of any prisoners who We support the election of the chief execu­ effort to prevent it? The very idea! It is the may still be held in Southeast Asia. I am tive of the District of Columbia on a parti­ most absurd of all the absurdities in Wash­ san, city-wide ballot. therefore especially pleased to see this Sub­ ington in this year of absurdities and out­ GOP :lN FAVOR rages. What is Christmas about if not the committee break the logjam of Congesslonal birth of Christ? How can there be a Peace inaction and begin hearings on this im- The District of Columbia Republican Pageant without the Prince of Peace? 40132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 No doubt, you can tell I am very disturbed the independence of the American mer­ with which this Congress must come to and concerneLos Angeles Times recognizes this Most sincerely, dedicated public servants I have ever problem in its editorial of December 4, Mrs. CHARLOTTE WRIGHT. known. 1973. This is an excellent statement of PORTER, TEX. His wise counsel has been missed by the problem, and I want to insert it in DEAR CONGRESSMAN WILSON: The article I all of us in the 93d Congress who had the RECORD at this point. I commend the have attached was handed to me in church the pleasure of working with him in the Times for its position. Sunday (it tells about the removal of the past and we all sincerely mourn his pass­ I was shocked when I learned last Nativity Scene). NeeWatergate scandal. He confuses the prin­ provocateurs failed to influence the activi­ business leaders in which the Teamsters ciples applicable to criminal trials with the ties of this important anti-war group, the were encouraged to enter into "sweetheart" political question of Nixon's continuation as administration secured false indictments contracts with the growers upon the expira­ president of the United States. The presump­ against the organization and pressed the case tion of UFW contracts. This relationship be­ tion of innocence, the inadmissibility of to trial to further discredit it and derail its tween the Teamsters' union leadership and hearsay evidence and the requirement of influence on the general electorate. Ulti­ the growers has been condemned by the proof beyond a reasonable doubt are totally mately a. jury of the people acquitted a.ll the California Supreme Court. These secret inapplicable here. No civilized country in the defendants after less than thirty minutes of agreements further evidence the disregard world would permit its highest leader to re­ deliberation. of the Nixon administration for the judicial main in office, given the general lack of As evidence of the widespread conspiracy process. popular confidence in his administration, his to secure the re-election of Nixon by illegal In general the American people were admittedly negligent supervision of aides and means came to light, the administration and tricked through a series of secret and illegal assistants, and the corruption which has the committee attempted to cover up their agreements between the administration a.nd already been exposed among his confidants unlawful activities by concealing the true corporate interests to vote for the man who and advisors. facts from the American people. Witnesses promised them that inflation would end. NIXON'S RECORD OF APPOINTMENTS were bribed. Perjury was encouraged. Execu­ Nixon's slavish obeisance to the interests of Our conclusion that NiXon is without au­ tive clemency was promised. Evidence was big business has led to record profits, sub­ thority to appoint a new vice president is "misplaced" or destroyed. The activities of stantial exports of staple items and resultant futher bolstered by his past record of delib­ the special prosecutor appointed to investi­ shortages as well as higher prices. The gen­ erately choosing cabinet officers, judges and gate the Watergate break-in were deliber­ erally deteriorating position of American administrative assistants who will blindly ately hindered by various officials in the ad­ business in the international economy has follow his orders and disregard the legitimate ministration. been transferred to the backs of workers and needs of the people, our system of civil Other unlawful activities have recently poor people as prices rise, plants speed up liberties and authoritative orders and rulings oome to light. The administration attempted and workers are laid off. Never before has of other departments of government. to prevent black a.nd other third world or­ a.ny candidate for president secured his elec­ At the outset this committee must face the ganizations from voicing their legitimate de­ tion by such a blatant appeal to racism, spectre of Spiro T. Agnew, the President's mands and criticizing the President by militarism and corporate capitalism, to the original running mate, who now stands con­ threatening to cut off federal aid to their direct detriment of the general working victed of income tax evasion arising out of a programs, if they opposed his re-election. population. long series of petty bribes and influence Others were pa.id substantial sums of tax The People's Lawsuit will document many peddling in his relations with Maryland dollars to support the re-election effort, and additional abuses. It is clear that the election contractors. give the appearance of minority support for was bought and paid for by certain large The committee should also recall Nixon's Nixon. corporations and wealthy individuals. The first attempts to influence the direction of While promising to end the War in Viet­ American people will suffer cutbacks in many the United States Supreme Court by appoint­ nam, the President initiated a conspiracy to areas of social legislation essential to the ing Messrs. Carswell and Haynesworth, both prevent people from learning the extent of maintenance of a decent standard of living. of whom were seriously discredited and dis­ American military involvement in Southeast Nixon's recent veto of the minimum wage graced both in terms of legal incompetence Asia. and perpetuated the war effort. I refer bill passed by Congress is another example of and small-time corruption. to the secret bombing of Cambodia, the mas­ his contempt for the people and the other Other NiXon appointees currently stand sive Christmas bombing of Vietnam shortly institutions of government. We note that charged with or convicted of various crimes, after the election and the current deploy­ Ray Croc, the owner of the McDonald's chain, such as perjury, bribery and political sabo­ ment of 20,000 "civilian" advisors to prop up contributed $250,000 to the Nixon campaign. tage. It is inconceivable that given Mr. the tottering and corrupt Thieu regime. His employees would have been covered by Nixon's record thus far that he should now By far the most insidious campaign which the new law. be permitted to choose a. new vice president the administration waged was the appeal to We a.re confident that our legal position and his own potential successor. large corporations for heavy financial con­ is correct, that the election was fraudulent; John Mitchell, the President's close friend, tributions in exchange for economic favors and that the results are void. We are just as ex-law partner, former Attorney General and and easing restrictions on prices and profits confident that the lawsuit is the only feasible campaign manager, is a.bout to stand trial in while wages were held down. Richard Nixon way for the American people to express their New York for perjury. His political career has accepted $2 million in campaign contribu­ opposition to President Nixon and his been destroyed as a result of his alleged in­ tions from the dairy industry. Subsequently deliberate manipulation of their concerns. We volvement in the Watergate conspiracy and the President ordered restrictions placed on feel that their participation in selecting a the subsequent coverup attempt. imports of dairy products. The United States new president is essential. lVlitchell's successor, Richard Kleindienst, Department of Agriculture reversed its deci­ was forced to resign under fire for his par­ sion not to raise federal milk price supports FORD HAS NOT DISASSOCIATED HIMSELF FROM THESE ILLEGAL ACTS ticipation in the coverup also. He now stands in exchange for a. $422,500 contribution accused of perjury in connection with his through various dummy fund-raising com­ Up to this point Representative Ford has testimony regarding the failure of the gov­ mittees. The direct effect of these acts was indicated that in general he supports the ernment to pursue its antitrust case against to raise prices for consumers of milk and policies of Richard Nixon. Review of his ITT, a former client of the Mitchell law firm. other dairy products. The people did not voting record indicates that he has voted Patrick Gray, another Nixon appointee, and vote for Nixon to further raise the cost of the President's position in 81 per cent of the issues considered. Ford is a self-acknowl­ temporary director of the FBI, also became living. embroiled in the Watergate controversy by Nixon accepted contributions totalling $1 edged conservative. He has no record of hav­ his admitted destruction of certain incrim­ million from pharmaceutical companies and ing proposed or effected legislation dealing inating evidence. John Ehrlichman, the with any of the major questions confronting the health care industry. Recently the Presi­ President's closest advisor, is under indict­ the nation. He comes from a "safe" district dent paid them back handsomely by per­ ment in Los Angeles for his alleged role in mitting a. 9 per cent increase in hospital in Michigan, where he has never faced a.ny the burglary of the office of Daniel Ellsberg's costs which will result in $5 billion profits. serious opposition. His ability to deal objec­ psychiatrist. His testimony before the Sen­ At the same time he has refused to allow tively with the current energy crisis in light ate Watergate Committee was riddled with the 7.5 per cent increase won by New York of the heavy influence of the automobile contradictions and convenient losses of hospital workers in direct arm's length bar­ industry in his home state further dis­ memory. It was further characterized by the gaining with their employers. Again Ameri­ qualifies him. utmost contempt for civil liberties. H. R. can workers were victimized by a. secret deal It is inconceivable that Gerald Ford after Haldeman, the president's third in com­ between Nixon and big business. all his years of unquestioning loyalty to m.and, also faces indictment. The President has also illegally interferred President Nixon and the Republican Party The list goes on to include Maurice Stans, with the struggles of the United Farm- will now exhibit the kind of independence, the ex-secretary of Commerce, who is a.c- December 6, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40135 cused of soliciting illegal campaign contri­ CONCLUSION concerned with their needs and serves their butions from Robert Vesco, who is also under There a.re those who would justify the interests. indictment, and others totalling $60 million. quick confirmation of Ford because failure Herbert Kalmbach, the President's own to do so will diminish Nixon's ability to solve lawyer and John Dean, former counsel to the the domestic economic crisis and weaken his HARD FACTS ON THE OIL President, also face charges. Egil Krogh, Rob­ hand in dealing with other nations. These SHORTAGE ert Mardian, Charles Colson, Donald Segretti, people, including the President himself, in­ Jeb Stuart Magruder and Gordon Strachan sist that we must get Watergate behind us are further examples of the kind of men and proceed with the business at hand. HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING Nixon has surrounded himself with and I would like to remind the committee that foisted off on an unsuspecting public. The the crisis is already present, and the confir­ OF OHIO credentials of each of these men have been mation of Ford will not affect it. Nixon's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES advanced in much the same way as Nixon policies would only affect those same large Thursday, December 6, 1973 recommends Gerald Ford. business interests, the multi-national cor­ This is not to accuse Mr. Ford of specific porations, in whose exclusive interest the Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, in all improprieties. The purpose of this recitation current administration has been operating of the conflicting reports and confusion is to support our claim that Richard Nixon already. We are talking about democratic that surrounds the public discussion of is not fit to pick the second highest officer of rule in America.. the energy crisis, the public and the the land. In the field of !oreign affairs the Soviet Let's make no mistake here. It is widely Union has already expressed a lack of con­ Congress are desperately in need of rumored that President Nixon's own days fidence in Nixon's ability to govern. Con­ guidance as to some of the basic facts. are numbered. Many members of Congress firmation of Gerald Ford will not help that Some of the best factgathering has been and others in high places are openly saying situation. The bulk of United States foreign performed by two reporters of Knight that once Ford is confirmed that Nixon will policy consists of unwarranted interference Newspapers, Mr. Donald L. Barlett and be forced to resign. In light of this reality it in the internal affairs of other countries, Mr. James B. Steele. In their latest spe­ is even more ridiculous for this committee particularly in Latin America and Southeast cial repor~. printed in the Akron Beacon to permit the man to replace himself and Asia. Gerald Ford supports this policy. It Journal for Sunday, December 2, they further prevent the people of the United is time that we reverse this trend. Current States from exercising their own choice in foreign policy iS not in the interest of work­ point out that neither the Congress nor the matter. There is no doubt that if Mr. ing people here. The people who oppose Nixon the Nixon administration has yet come Ford were the candidate of the Republican know this. to grips with two underlying problems Party in a general election, he would be The fact that a substantial number of that brought on the present shortage. soundly defeated. Recent local elections people reacted with disbelie! to Nixon's These problems are: around the country show that the entire saber-rattling worldwide alert in response to First. A serious lack of refinery ca­ party has suffered as a result of Nixon's the Middle East situation and accused him pacity. Only one major refinery has been crimes. of creating an international incident to di­ This committee, which must also consider vert attention from his own crisis of leader­ built in the United States since the late whether or not the President should be im­ ship is sobering indeed. Appointment of Ford 1960's and plans for construction of ad­ peached, is caught in a dilemma of parlia­ wlll not alleviate this distrust. ditional refineries have been shelved or mentary procedure and a clear conflict of We should examine the positive aspects of postponed. interest. An opportunistic move to recom­ the people's renewed interest in national Second. A leveling off in production of mend confirmation of Ford as a prelude to politics. Setting aside the election and turn­ crude oil in the United States and a de­ impeachment proceedings a.gain defrauds ing Nixon out of office will ultimately restore cline in exploration activities, despite the the right of the American people to choose its some of the people's faith in their ability to existence of huge oilfields. leaders. control their own lives and the decisions We do not propose any specific remedy for which affect them. A new basis for popular Another disturbing fact developed by this situation. We have serious rf.oubts with unity is created whereby the serious prob­ these reporters is that all of the statis­ respect to the resolve of Congress or the lems which we confront can be attacked in tics relied upon by the Government--and Courts to apply any innovative thinking to new and hopefully more successful ways. many of the essential statistics are not the problem. The legislative and judicial Throughout our history the American peo­ even available-are derived from the oil branches of the federal government have ple have always had to fight for their rights industry itself. There is no Government been consistently slow to act and unwilling beginning with the struggle against colonial­ agency that verifies data furnished by to turn Nixon out of office. We support the ism. We have fought against slavery and child labor. We have won these battles and the oil industry, or collects information good will of this committee insofar as it will independently. now move to impeach the President, force his the right to organize labor unions. We a.re resignation, or otherwise invalidate the elec­ continuing the struggle for equal rights for Another disturbing set of facts pre­ tion of 1972 and prevent the confirmation all national minorities and women and for an sented by these reporters is that while of Ford. We urge you to set aside whatever end to the American involvement in Viet­ families are being asked to cut back fuel concerns yo,1 may have for your own political nam. Repeatedly the very forces which Nixon represents at this point in history have op­ oil consumption by 15 percent and com­ careers and break out of the lethargy and posed the expansion of the rights of the mercial users by 25 percent, a proposed clinging hope for the President's survival common and working people all over the gasoline allocation program calls for only which follows each of his current ploys to world. a 10 percent reduction. sweep aside the wrongs he has committed. You members of the committee must see Finally, Mr. Speaker, I seriously ques­ Any failure on your part to act decisively your responsibility in this light. If you vote tion whether placing the control of the can only serve to deepen the mistrust of the for the confirmation of Ford, you will avoid new energy program under an oil in­ American people for its elected leaders and the challenge which the people have issued. representatives. dustry-oriented investment banker, as­ You will side with corpor&te profits and sisted by a bureaucracy composed of ex­ We strongly feel that the People's Lawsuit against the people. offers you as well as the poor and working ecutives recruited fl'Om the industry, is Current opinion polls indicate that up­ going to solve the energy crisis in a way people of this country an opportunity to act. wards of 80 per cent of the American people We challenge you to involve the people in have lost faith in the ability of Richard that gives priority to the interests of the your activities. We are speaking of the peo­ Nixon to govern this country. The people consumer. ple who are currently on welfare, who can't know that the interests of ITT, of the large It seems to me that it is time the Con­ find jobs or those who are unemployed for dairy combines, of Standard Oil, General Mo­ gress demanded some answers to these the first time because of cutbacks in the tors and numerous other corporations are questions. domestic economy and illegally impounded not the same as theirs. The Akron Beacon Journal article federal funds. We are talking about workers Big business insists that what is good for follows: whose real wages are declining as prices and it is good for the people. This is obviously UNITED STATES IGNORING REAL CA USE OF OIL profits steadily rise. We refer to the parents not the case. Unless you open your eyes and SHORTAGE and wives of men who were killed or wounded ears to this reality, you too will continue to (By Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele) in Vietnam. We mean people whose level of suffer the people's loss of faith. The Ameri­ Despite an outpouring of proposed legis­ cynicism about corruption in government can people will be forced to organize them­ lation and presidential proclamations on the has steadily risen during the la.st five years, selves, independent of your representation energy crisis, neither Congress nor the Nixon people whose tolerance of favoritism, inside and leadership, and the National Lawyers administration has come- to grips With the deals and manipulation of their lives has Guild will be there to support them in their two underlying problems which brought on been pushed to the breaking point. efforts to establish a govenunent which is the present oil shortage. 40136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 6, 1973 They are: the oil industry, or collects information in­ sitting by, hoping for warm weather thl!s A serious lack of refinery capacity. With dependently. Winter and insisting that a mandatory fuel demand for petroleum products running The significance of the government's fail­ allocation program was unnecessary. about 17 million barrels a day, refineries in ure to collect on industry data was spelled · In September, former Colorado Governor the United States can process fewer than 13 out in a series of articles by the Philadelphia John A. Love, the White House energy chief, million barrels. Inquirer, "Oil-The Created Crisis." noted that "The situation for this Winter A leveling off in production of crude oil The series appeared in the Beacon Journal is very tight, although it is difficult to fore­ in the United States and a decline in explo­ two weeks ago. cast because of the variables." ration activities. This despite the existence Based on a nationwide investigation and During the same month, President Nixon of huge ollfields to be tapped, largely in off­ the assembling of a wide range of statistical discounted any talk of an energy crisis. Said shore areas, Alaska and the Arctic. material from a variety of sources, the In­ the President: "We have heard a lot about Only one major refinery has been built quirer established that the energy shortage a crisis. I do not use that term because we in the United States since the late 1960s and was brought on by long-term policy decisions do not face a crisis in that sense of the word. plans for construction of additional refi­ made by the oil companies and blunders by "I would simply say that in the short term neries-announced just several months ago the Nixon administration. we face a problem with regard to energy, by several companies-have been shelved In a report last month, a Congressional heating for example, this Winter, just as we or construction dates pushed back. committee published essentially the same thought we faced a problem of gasoline this Yet while the largest oil companies are sus­ findings documented by the Inquirer. Summer, and the possibility of brownouts." pending expansion projects in the United These findings contradict claims by both Meanwhile, Love was assuring New Eng_­ States because of alleged uncertainties in the the oil industry and the Nixon administra­ land politicians that there would be adequate world market, a New York independent is tion that an energy-guzzling American pub­ supplies of fuel oil for the coming Winter, forging ahead with a three-quarter billion lic is to blame for the shortage. as long as the weather didn't turn especially dollar refinery-building program in Canada. The Inquirer survey also found that the cold. The man is John M. Shaheen, onetime pub­ percentage growth in energy consumption in In August, Love suggested that it might be licity director for the Illinois Republican Europe and Asia has