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Development Challenges for Religious Arts on the Thonburi Bank of the Chao Phraya River

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Development Challenges for Religious Arts on the Thonburi Bank of the Chao Phraya River DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FOR RELIGIOUS ARTS ON THE THONBURI BANK OF THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER By Mr. Nattawut PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2019 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FOR RELIGIOUS ARTS ON THE THONBURI BANK OF THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER โดย Mr.Nattawut PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA วทิ ยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาArchitectural Heritage Management and Tourism Plan 1.1 บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร ปีการศึกษา 2562 ลิขสิทธ์ิของบณั ฑิตวทิ ยาลยั มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FOR RELIGIOUS ARTS ON THE THONBURI BANK OF THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER By Mr. Nattawut PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2019 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University Title DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FOR RELIGIOUS ARTS ON THE THONBURI BANK OF THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER By Nattawut PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA Field of Study Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Advisor Ross James KING Graduate School Silpakorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Dean of graduate school (Associate Professor Jurairat Nunthanid, Ph.D.) Approved by Chair person ( Kreangkrai Kirdsiri , Ph.D.) Advisor (Professor Ross James KING ) External Examiner (Professor Emeritus ORNSIRI PANIN ) D ABST RACT 57056967 : Major Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Keyword : THONBURI / RELIGIOUS ARTS / CULTURE / DEVELOPMENT / LIVING TOGETHER MR. NATTAWUT PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA : DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FOR RELIGIOUS ARTS ON THE THONBURI BANK OF THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER THESIS ADVISOR : PROFESSOR ROSS JAMES KING From long-term observation of the riverfront communities of Thonburi and of their apparent success, the following research question was derived, both motivating and guiding the present project: Does the Thonburi community manifest significant key values that might explain its historical success in multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi- religious tolerance and co-habitation, and thence to reveal if there are lessons to be drawn from this success regarding ways of living together, also to become integrated into existing community structures?There has been a further, underlying question: do the lessons to be drawn from Thonburi’s historic toleranceand community peace have potential for translation to other plateaus where conflict prevails in Thailand’s society? In pursuing this broad question, the following more specific objectives have been set: 1) To study cultural and social context influencing religious places on the Thonburi side of the Chao Phraya River, and 2) To study the features of artistic works in religious places of Buddhism, Christianity and Islam in the communities on the Thonburi side of the Chao Phraya River area in relation to cultural and social context. One set of questionnaires and interviewswas developed and used as a research instrument. Experts and elderly people living in the community participated in the in- depth interviews. The on-site observations and data collections were classified by content analyses and verified by data triangulation techniques. The results of the study can be presented in three parts: 1)Thonburi as emblem of Thai culture: tolerance, acceptance:a discussion on how Thonburi manifests a multicultural tolerance or sense of mutual accommodation running through the society, then 2) Thonburi as creativity:a similar discussion on the richness and diversity of artistic inventiveness and production revealed through the present displays of Thonburi, and 3)Thonburi as living museum and the tourist experience: finally consideration of how Thonburi’s richness is to be ‘managed’. A final, concluding chapter returns the discussion to the broader question of key manifested values and to the project’s transferability to other spheres of Thailand’s life. E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the kindness of Professor Ross King, my BELOVED Supervisor. I would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude for his valuable guidance and discussion extended to me throughout the period of my study. Furthermore, I am grateful to the late Professor Emeritus Trungjai Buranasomphop and Assistant Professor Sunon Palakavong na Ayudhya for starting this program and to all lecturers of the Ph.D Program, Professor Ken Taylor, Dr. Russell Staiff, Dr. Colin Long, Dr. Donald Ellsmore, Professor Dr. William R. Chapman for their knowledge and insight. I also would like to thank Ms. Thienrat Sakasuparek for her administrative support. Finally, I would like to thank my mother and father who have supported and given me unconditional love and support. My success would not have been realised without my mother and I dedicate this work to her, my heroine. I LOVE YOU MOM. Nattawut PALAKAVONGSA NA AYUDHYA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... E TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... F LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ H LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... I Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Statement and significance of the problem ................................................................ 1 Statement of the Problem: the research question ....................................................... 4 Research Sub-questions ............................................................................................. 5 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................. 5 Scope of the study ...................................................................................................... 7 Research Instrument and Procedures of the study ..................................................... 9 Research methodology ............................................................................................. 10 The expected benefits .............................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 12 Literature Review......................................................................................................... 12 Ways of learning and the idea of a learning centre.................................................. 12 Comprehension in Cultural Heritage and Wisdom .................................................. 17 Concept Relating to Development and Conservation Design ................................. 21 Case Studies of Learning Centers and Museums .................................................... 29 Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................... 54 Study Design and Methods .......................................................................................... 54 Populations and Sample Groups .............................................................................. 55 Instruments Applied in the Research ....................................................................... 57 G Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 58 Interview Guide ....................................................................................................... 61 Guideline for Field Study and Observation ............................................................. 61 Data Collection Duration ......................................................................................... 62 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 62 Data Analysis and Results ....................................................................................... 63 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 64 Chapter 4 ...................................................................................................................... 64 The influences on religious arts in sites of Thonburi community ............................... 64 The findings in overview ......................................................................................... 65 Buddhism (Theravada Sect)..................................................................................... 69 Buddhism (Mahayana Sect) ....................................................................................
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