Vol. 62 (6) • December 2013
International Journal of Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Evolution
Electronic Supplement to
A molecular phylogeny and classification of the largely succulent and mainly African Euphorbia subg. Athymalus (Euphorbiaceae) Jess A. Peirson, Peter V. Bruyns, Ricarda Riina, Jeffery J. Morawetz & Paul E. Berry
Taxon : – TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013 Electr. Suppl. to: Peirson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus
92 E. schoenlandii 2 E. schoenlandii 1
E. fasciculata 1
E. esculenta 1
E. clavarioides 3
E. filiflora 4
1 E. hypogaea 2
E. esculenta 2
E. caput-medusae 4
E. procumbens 3
E. decepta 2
82 E. crassipes 4
E. brevirama
E. crassipes 2
E. braunsii 2
E. multiceps 1
E. clavarioides 2
E. filiflora 1
60 E. filiflora 2
E. namibensis
E. caput-medusae 2
96 E. caput-medusae 3 E. albipollinifera 1
E. albipollinifera 3
E. albipollinifera 4
E. caput-medusae 1
E. braunsii 5
E. arida
76 63 E. clavarioides 1 E. braunsii 1
63 E. decepta 1 1 60 E. hallii 1
E. hallii 2
62 E. namaquensis 1 E. procumbens 5
E. procumbens 1
E. flanaganii 1
86 E. pedemontana E. hamata 1
E. celata 1
99 55 E. quadrata E. celata 2
86 E. celata 4 E. lignosa 1
E. lignosa 4
100 E. dregeana 1 65 100 E. dregeana 2
E. dregeana 4
E. dregeana 3
97 E. platycephala E. omariana
89 E. monteiroi 3 100 E. monteiroi 2
E. monteiroi 1
88 E. gariepina 1 E. gariepina 3
72 E. globosa 3 E. globosa 1
E. bruynsii
E. patula 1
90 E. wilmaniae 1 sect. Anthacanthae 62 E. wilmaniae 2
93 E. polycephala 1 77 E. polycephala 2
95 E. wilmaniae 3 E. trichadenia 1
E. trichadenia 3
56 E. pulvinata 3 E. ferox
E. cumulata 56 E. meloformis 2 96 85 E. obesa subsp. symmetrica
E. obesa subsp. obesa 3 68 E. obesa subsp. obesa 1
E. meloformis 4
E. mammillaris 1
68 E. jansenvillensis 3
98 E. meloformis 3 E. meloformis 1 92 E. jansenvillensis 1
E. bubalina 3 51 59 E. pulvinata 2
51 E. mammillaris 3
E. mammillaris 7
E. mammillaris 6
E. stellispina
E. mammillaris 4
85 E. pentagona E. pulvinata 1
78 E. polygona 4 E. polygona 1
E. polygona 6 88 89 E. polygona 3
62 E. jansenvillensis 4
E. polygona 2
E. polygona 5 58 E. jansenvillensis 2
100 E. clava 2 E. clava 1
70 E. mammillaris 2 54 E. pseudoglobosa 1
65 E. pseudoglobosa 5
E. pseudoglobosa 3 92 76 E. mammillaris 5 87 E. pseudoglobosa 2 E. pillansii 55 E. jansenvillensis 5
E. pseudoglobosa 4
72 E. heptagona 2 100 E. susannae 2 84 E. heptagona 4
E. heptagona 1
69 62 E. susannae 1
62 E. heptagona 3
78 E. tuberosa 2
E. tuberosa 1
E. silenifolia 1
97 84 E. loricata 1 E. loricata 2
E. multifolia 1
E. bupleurifolia
E. grantii 1
99 E. larica 7 99 E. larica 1
96 93 E. masirahensis 100 E. larica 2
E. rubriseminalis E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis 1 sect. Balsamis Euphorbia E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis 2 59 subg. E. balsamifera subsp. balsamifera 1 Athymalus E. balsamifera subsp. balsamifera 2
100 E. meuleniana 2 E. meuleniana 1
50 E. benthamii 100 E. crotonoides 2 sect. Crotonoides 98 100 E. crotonoides 1
92 E. smithii sect. Lyciopsis E. socotrana 1 100 sect. Somalica E. scheffleri 1
93 E. species
100 E. acalyphoides E. hadramautica 1 sect. Pseudacalypha 100 100 E. hadramautica 2
E. longituberculosa
100 E. antso 1 100 E. antso 3 sect. Antso E. antso 2
100 E. densa 100 E. nubica
87 E. cyparissioides 100
100 E. pterococca E. purpurea
70 E. guerichiana E. spinea
E. phylloclada 78 E. colorata
E. graminea
98 E. gymnonota
56 E. tirucalli
100 E. unispina 96 E. cooperi
E. elodes 0.08 100 Calycopeplus casurinoides Neoguillauminia cleopatra
Fig. S1. MaximumFig. likelihood S1. Maximum phylogram from likelihood RAxML analysis phylogram of the complete from ITS datasetRAxML of Euphorbia analysis subg. of Athymalus the complete and outgroups. ITS Sections dataset recognized of Euphorbia in our classification subg. are Athyma-indicated on the right. Maxi- mum likelihoodlus bootstrap and valuesoutgroups. (≥ 50%) are Sections indicated above recognized the branches. The in scaleour barclassification indicates the mean are number indicated of nucleotide on substitutions the right. per Maximum site. likelihood bootstrap values (≥ 50%) are indicated above the branches. The scale bar indicates the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
S1 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013 Electr. Suppl. to: Peirson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus
E. braunsii 4 85
64 E. braunsii 3
E. crassipes 1
61 E. decepta 3
E. braunsii 1
E. decepta 2 69 E. flanaganii 3
E. flanaganii 1
E. procumbens 2
E. flanaganii 2
E. procumbens 5
E. albipollinifera 1
E. procumbens 4
59 E. procumbens 3
E. albipollinifera 3 50 62 E. procumbens 1
E. hypogaea 1
E. friedrichiae
E. brevirama 62 E. crassipes 3
E. crassipes 4
E. multiceps 2
E. filiflora 3 77 E. braunsii 2
E. braunsii 5
E. davyi 2
E. albipollinifera 2
E. albipollinifera 4
E. esculenta 1
60 E. crassipes 2
E. clavarioides 1 60 E. davyi 3
E. melanohydrata 60 E. davyi 1
E. decepta 1
E. pseudotuberosa
E. wilmaniae 1
E. globosa 1
E. trichadenia 1
E. wilmaniae 2
E. trichadenia 2
60 E. wilmaniae 3
E. patula 2 55 90 E. patula 1 85 E. bruynsii
E. globosa 2 50 E. polycephala 1
E. celata 1 100
83 E. celata 3
E. quadrata 70 E. dregeana 2
E. dregeana 1
E. namibensis 88
63 90 E. filiflora 2
E. namaquensis 2
E. filiflora 1 69 E. fasciculata 2
E. fasciculata 1
E. schoenlandii 1
60 E. caput-medusae 2
E. caput-medusae 1 sect. Anthacanthae E. restituta 82 E. gariepina 2
84 E. gariepina 1
64 E. indurescens
E. lignosa 2 79 E. monteiroi 1
E. lignosa 1
72 E. lignosa 3
E. multiceps 1
E. hallii 1
E. hamata 2 94 55 E. celata 2
E. pedemontana
E. grantii 1 85
98 E. grantii 3 85 E. grantii 2 76 E. omariana
E. platycephala
E. bubalina 3 60
63 E. clava 1
98 E. clava 2
E. bubalina 1
E. bubalina 2
E. silenifolia 2
E. heptagona 6
92 E. heptagona 3
E. heptagona 1
E. pseudoglobosa 2
E. multifolia 2
E. pillansii 98 59 E. mammillaris 5 66 E. clandestina
E. pubiglans 97 E. pseudoglobosa 1 81 E. mammillaris 2
E. polygona 6 76
97 E. mammillaris 7
E. mammillaris 4 89 E. polygona 1
E. ferox
E. obesa subsp. obesa 2
E. jansenvillensis 2
E. stellispina
58 E. obesa subsp. obesa 1
E. heptagona 5
E. polygona 3
E. jansenvillensis 5
E. pentagona 88 E. cumulata
E. mammillaris 1
73 E. pulvinata 1
71 87 E. polygona 4
86 E. mammillaris 3
95 E. mammillaris 6
E. pulvinata 2
E. polygona 5
E. tuberosa 2
E. loricata 1
E. loricata 2
E. susannae 1
E. oxystegia
E. larica 3 93 E. larica 4
E. larica 1
E. larica 8
55 E. larica 6 88 E. masirahensis 100 E. larica 5 sect. Balsamis
E. larica 9 75 E. larica 10 87 96 E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis 1
E. meuleniana 1
E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis 2
E. balsamifera subsp. balsamifera 1
E. scheffleri 3 99
97 E. scheffleri 1
E. scheffleri 2
99 E. socotrana 1 sect. Somalica 61 E. socotrana 2
89 E. marie-cladieae
E. hamaderoensis
E. benthamii 76 98
82 E. crotonoides 2 Euphorbia E. crotonoides 1 sect. Crotonoides 98 subg. E. insarmentosa Athymalus E. caperonioides E. matabelensis 1 97 97 E. matabelensis 2 98 E. oatesii 70 100 sect. Lyciopsis 92 E. bongensis
E. smithii 89 E. cuneata
E. hadramautica 1 97 100 E. acalyphoides sect. Pseudacalypha
E. longituberculosa
E. antso 3 100
72 99 E. antso 1 sect. Antso
E. antso 2
E. colorata 100
94 E. graminea
E. phylloclada
98 E. guerichiana
E. spinea
100 E. gymnonota 99 98 E. elodes
E. unispina 100 93 E. cooperi
E. tirucalli
E. nubica 98
100 E. densa
100 E. cyparissioides
E. purpurea 100 E. pterococca 0.0090 Calycopeplus casurinoides 100 Neoguillauminia cleopatra
Fig. S2. Maximum likelihood Fig.phylogram S2. fromMaximum RAxML analysis likelihood of the complete phylogram ndhF dataset from of Euphorbia RAxML subg. analysis Athymalus of and the outgroups. complete Sections ndhF recognized dataset in our classification of are indicated on the right. Maximum likelihood bootstrapEuphorbia values (≥ 50%) subg.are indicated Athymalus above the branches. and outgroups.The scale bar indicates Sections the mean recognized number of nucleotide in our substitutions classification per site. are indicated on the right. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values (≥ 50%) are indicated above the branches. The scale bar indicates the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
S2 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013 Electr. Suppl. to: Peirson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus
E. davyi 1
E. decepta 1
E. multiceps 2
E. esculenta 1
E. clavarioides 1
E. melanohydrata
E. friedrichiae
56 E. davyi 2 E. brevirama
E. crassipes 2
E. braunsii 2
53 E. procumbens 1
E. hypogaea 2
E. flanaganii 1
E. albipollinifera 1 63 51 E. braunsii 1
E. crassipes 1
E. decepta 2
91 E. hypogaea 1
68 E. namaquensis 2
E. namibensis
E. filiflora 1
E. restituta
67 E. caput-medusae 2 E. schoenlandii 1
E. fasciculata 1
E. arida
E. caput-medusae 1
60 E. multiceps 1 E. hallii 1
E. namaquensis 1
95 E. celata 2
94 E. hamata 2 E. hamata 1 86 E. pedemontana 83 E. quadrata
E. celata 1
E. dregeana 1
E. indurescens
57 E. monteiroi 1
E. gariepina 1
E. lignosa 1 53 E. patula 1
53 87 E. bruynsii
60 E. polycephala 1 sect. Anthacanthae E. wilmaniae 2 58 64 E. wilmaniae 1 66 E. globosa 1
E. pseudotuberosa
E. trichadenia 1
90 E. pentagona 55 E. pulvinata 1
E. meloformis 1
50 E. cumulata
E. mammillaris 1
77 E. meloformis 4 E. obesa subsp. symmetrica
E. obesa subsp. obesa 1
96 E. ferox
E. jansenvillensis 1 88 55 E. polygona 2
55 E. polygona 1
E. stellispina
E. jansenvillensis 2
93 E. bubalina 2 98 E. bubalina 1
E. clava 1
77 E. pubiglans E. clandestina
66 E. pillansii E. pseudoglobosa 2
E. pseudoglobosa 1 81 86 E. mammillaris 2
58 E. heptagona 2
E. heptagona 1
E. susannae 1
97 E. oxystegia 65 90 E. tuberosa 1
E. tuberosa 2
65 E. silenifolia 1 76 98 E. multifolia 1
E. loricata 2
E. loricata 1
E. bupleurifolia
77 100 E. omariana E. platycephala
E. grantii 1
93 E. masirahensis 100 E. larica 1
98 E. rubriseminalis 93 sect. Balsamis E. balsamifera subsp. adenensis 1
E. balsamifera subsp. balsamifera 1
100 E. meuleniana 1
84 E. marie-cladieae 83 E. hamaderoensis sect. Somalica Euphorbia 100 E. socotrana 1 subg. E. scheffleri 1 E. crotonoides 1 Athymalus 82 63 E. benthamii sect. Crotonoides 99 E. insarmentosa
E. caperonioides
100 100 68 E. bongensis 98 E. oatesii
89 E. matabelensis 1 sect. Lyciopsis
E. cuneata 82 E. smithii
99 E. species 100 E. acalyphoides sect. Pseudacalypha 100 E. hadramautica 1 64 E. longituberculosa
E. antso 1 sect. Antso
100 E. graminea 94 E. colorata
100 E. phylloclada
E. guerichiana 58 E. spinea 100 100 89 E. gymnonota E. elodes
100 E. unispina 100 E. cooperi
E. tirucalli
100 E. densa 100 E. nubica
100 E. cyparissioides
100 E. purpurea 0.03 E. pterococca
100 Neoguillauminia cleopatra Calycopeplus casurinoides
Fig. S3. Maximum likelihood phylogram from RAxML analysis of the combined ITS + ndhF dataset of Fig. S3. Maximum likelihood phylogram from RAxML analysis of the combined ITS + ndhF dataset of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus and outgroups. Sections recognized in our classification are indicated on the right. Maximum likelihood bootstrapEuphorbia values (≥ subg. 50%) are Athymalus indicated above andthe branches. outgroups. The scale Sectionsbar indicates therecognized mean number ofin nucleotide our classification substitutions per are site. indicated on the right. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values (≥ 50%) are indicated above the branches. The scale bar indicates the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
S3 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013 Electr. Suppl. to: Peirson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus
Appendix S1. Information on taxa, sample origin, vouchers and their location (herbarium acronym), as well as GenBank accession numbers for ITS and ndhF sequences of samples included in the phylogenetic analyses. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated sequences are preceded by an asterisk. A region that was not sequenced for a particular sample is indicated by –. Calycopeplus casuarinoides L.S. Sm., U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1407 (RSA), AF537580, JN249080; Euphorbia acalyphoides Hochst. ex Boiss. in DC, Kenya, W. Luke & al. TPR177 (MO), AF537576, AF538251; Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C. Leach 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1610 (MA), *KF267274, *KF267330; Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C. Leach 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7758 (MICH), –, *KF267332; Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C. Leach 3, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1611 (MA), JQ750870, JQ750761; Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C. Leach 4, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1612 (MA), *KF267275, *KF267331; Euphorbia antso Denis 1, Madagascar, B. Dorsey 105 (MICH), *KF267276, *KF267333; Euphorbia antso Denis 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1473B (RSA), AF537579, AF538253; Euphorbia antso Denis 3, Madagascar, B. Dorsey 123 (MICH), *KF267277, *KF267334; Euphorbia arida N.E. Br., Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1613 (MA), *KF267278, –; Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. adenensis (Deflers) Bally 1, Oman, J. Morawetz 325 (MICH), *KF267279, *KF267335; Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. adenensis (Deflers) Bally 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1480 (RSA), AF537571, AF538250; Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. balsamifera Aiton 1, Spain, B. Dorsey 3 (MICH), JN250117, JN249107; Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. balsamifera Aiton 2, Spain, P. Lawant s.n. (BOL), JN207741, –; Euphorbia benthamii Hiern, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 479 (MICH), *KF267280, *KF267336; Euphorbia bongensis Kotschy & Peyr. ex Boiss., Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1695a (MA), –, KC019860; Euphorbia braunsii N.E. Br. 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1617 (MA), *KF267282, *KF267340; Euphorbia braunsii N.E. Br. 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1652 (MA), *KF267283, *KF267341; Euphorbia braunsii N.E. Br. 3, South Africa, R. Becker 1116 (MICH), –, *KF267337; Euphorbia braunsii N.E. Br. 4, South Africa, R. Becker 1124 (MICH), –, *KF267338; Euphorbia braunsii N.E. Br. 5, Namibia, R. Becker 1261 (MICH), *KF267281, *KF267339; Euphorbia brevirama N.E. Br., Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1618 (MA), *KF267284, *KF267342; Euphorbia bruynsii L.C. Leach, South Africa, P. Bruyns 1814 (PRE), AM040759, *KF267343; Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. 1, South Africa, P. Bruyns 12129 (BOL), –, *KF267345; Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. 2, South Africa, P. Bruyns 12112 (BOL), –, *KF267344; Euphorbia bubalina Boiss. 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7856 (MICH), JN250122, JN249112; Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq., South Africa, N. Zimmermann 12/98 (JE), AJ536017/AJ536018, –; Euphorbia caperonioides R.A. Dyer & P.G. Mey., Angola, P. Bruyns 10662 (BOL), –, *KF267346; Eu- phorbia caput-medusae L. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 877 (MICH), *KF267286, *KF267348; Euphorbia caput-medusae L. 2, South Africa, R. Becker 866 (MICH), *KF267285, *KF267347; Euphorbia caput-medusae L. 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1463 (RSA), AF537574, –; Euphorbia caput-medusae L. 4, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 30/00 (JE), AJ535533/AJ535555, –; Euphorbia celata R.A. Dyer 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1671 (MA), *KF267287, *KF267350; Euphorbia celata R.A. Dyer 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1674 (MA), JN250194, JN249182; Euphorbia celata R.A. Dyer 3, South Africa, R. Becker 1241 (MICH), –, *KF267349; Euphorbia celata R.A. Dyer 4, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1491 (RSA), AF537562, –; Euphorbia clandestina Jacq., South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 307 (MICH), –, *KF267351; Euphorbia clava Jacq. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7881 (MICH), JN250127, JN249117; Euphorbia clava Jacq. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1472B (RSA), AF537569, AF538245; Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 1281 (MICH), *KF267288, *KF267352; Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1619 (MA), *KF267289, –; Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss. 3, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1620 (MA), *KF267290, –; Euphorbia colorata Engelm., Mexico, T. Van Devender 2006–1031 (MICH), JQ750898, JQ750780; Euphorbia cooperi N.E. Br. Ex A. Berger, South Africa, R. Becker & al. 987 (MICH), KC019714, KC019858; Euphorbia crassipes Marloth 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1624 (MA), –, *KF267354; Euphorbia crassipes Marloth 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1633 (MA), JN250155, JN249145; Euphorbia crassipes Marloth 3, South Africa, R. Becker 1276 (MICH), –, *KF267353; Euphorbia crassipes Marloth 4, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1660 (MA), *KF267291, *KF267355; Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss. 1, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 456 (MICH), JQ750871, JQ750784; Euphorbia croto- noides Boiss. 2, Tanzania, M. Richards 23765 (NY), AF537578, AF538238; Euphorbia cumulata R.A. Dyer, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1678 (MA), *KF267294, *KF267358; Euphorbia cuneata Vahl, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 443 (MICH), –, *KF267359; Euphorbia cyparissioides Pax, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 463 (MICH), KC212216, KC212481; Euphorbia davyi N.E. Br. 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1642 (MA), –, *KF267361; Euphorbia davyi N.E. Br. 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1270 (MICH), –, *KF267360; Euphorbia davyi N.E. Br. 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7754 (MICH), –, *KF267362; Euphorbia decepta N.E. Br. 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1663 (MA), *KF267296, *KF267365; Euphorbia decepta N.E. Br. 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1609 (MA), *KF267295, *KF267364; Euphorbia decepta N.E. Br. 3, South Africa, R. Becker 1127 (MICH), –, *KF267363; Euphorbia densa Schrenk, Iran, F. Termeh s.n. (MICH), KC212221, KC212484; Euphorbia dregeana E. Mey. ex Boiss. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 897 (MICH), JN250140, JN249130; Eu- phorbia dregeana E. Mey. ex Boiss. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7815 (MICH), JN250139, JN249129; Euphorbia dregeana E. Mey. ex Boiss. 3, South Africa, N. Zimmermann s.n. (JE), AJ534724/AJ534734, –; Euphorbia dregeana E. Mey. ex Boiss. 4, South Africa, P. Bruyns 11118 (E), JN207761, –; Euphor- bia elodes Boiss., Brazil, I. Cordeiro 3053 (SP), KC019596, KC019779; Euphorbia esculenta Marloth 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1628 (MA), *KF267297, *KF267366; Euphorbia esculenta Marloth 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1474 (RSA), AF537575, –; Euphorbia fasciculata Thunb. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7785 (MICH), JN250147, JN249137; Euphorbia fasciculata Thunb. 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1207 (MICH), –, *KF267367; Euphorbia ferox Marloth, South Africa, J. Morawetz 275 (MICH), *KF267298, *KF267368; Euphorbia filiflora Marloth 1, South Africa, R. Becker 891 (MICH), JN250149, JN249139; Euphorbia filiflora Marloth 2, South Africa, R. Becker 895 (MICH), *KF267299, *KF267369; Euphorbia filiflora Marloth 3, Netherlands (culti- vated), R. Riina 1629 (MA), –, *KF267370; Euphorbia filiflora Marloth 4, South Africa, P. Bruyns 5156 (BOL), AM040768, –; Euphorbia flanaganii N.E. Br. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7800 (MICH), JN250151, JN249141; Euphorbia flanaganii N.E. Br. 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1630 (MA), –, *KF267372; Euphorbia flanaganii N.E. Br. 3, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1631 (MA), –, *KF267371; Euphorbia friedrichiae Dinter, Namibia, R. Becker 1263 (MICH), –, *KF267373; Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 918 (PRE), JN250156, JN249146; Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. 2, Neth- erlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1672 (MA), –, *KF267374; Euphorbia gariepina Boiss. 3, South Africa, P. Bruyns 4501 (MO), AM040769, –; Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7814 (MICH), JN250158, JN249149; Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1454A (RSA), –, AF538239; Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims 3, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 29/98 (JE), AJ535535/AJ535557, –; Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Ven- ezuela, R. Riina 1606 (VEN), *KF267273, *KF267329; Euphorbia grantii Oliv. 1, Tanzania, G. Mwiga 108 (MO), JN250162, JN249153; Euphorbia grantii Oliv. 2, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 459 (MICH), –, *KF267375; Euphorbia grantii Oliv. 3, Tanzania, G. Bidgood & al. 1186 (MO), –, AF538242; Euphorbia guerichiana Pax, South Africa, R. Becker 929 (PRE), JQ750918, JQ750804; Euphorbia gymnonota Urb., U.S.A. (cultivated), Y. Yang 185 (MICH), JQ750886, JQ750808; Euphorbia hadramautica Baker 1, Oman, J. Morawetz 320 (MICH), JN250166, JN249156; Euphorbia hadramautica Baker 2, Yemen, P. Bruyns 10909 (E), JN207776, –; Euphorbia hallii R.A. Dyer 1, South Africa, R. Becker 865 (MICH), *KF267300, *KF267376; Euphorbia hallii R.A. Dyer 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1475 (RSA), AF537573, –; Euphorbia hamaderoensis A.G. Mill., Yemen (Socotra), P. Bruyns 10945a (BOL), –, *KF267377; Eu- phorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet 1, South Africa, P. Bruyns 4347 (E), AM040774, –; Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1454B (RSA), –, AF538237; Euphorbia heptagona L. 1, South Africa, J. Morawetz 281 (MICH), *KF267301, *KF267378; Euphorbia heptagona L. 2, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 63/98 (JE), AJ535526/AJ535548, –; Euphorbia heptagona L. 3, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 308 (MICH), JN250116, JN249106; Euphorbia heptagona L. 4, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1478 (RSA), AF537568, –; Euphorbia heptagona L. 5, South Africa, J. Morawetz 267 (MICH), –, *KF267380; Euphorbia heptagona L. 6, South Africa, R. Becker 1100 (MICH), –, *KF267379; Euphorbia hypogaea Marloth 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1640 (MA), –, *KF267381; Euphorbia hypogaea Marloth 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), N. Zimmerman ex cult. (JE), AJ535534/AJ535556, –; Euphorbia indurescens L.C. Leach, Angola, P. Bruyns 10709 (E), –, *KF267382; Euphorbia insarmentosa P.G. Mey., Namibia, H. Merxmüller 30586 (PRE), –, *KF267383; Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel 1, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 80/96 (JE), AJ535524/AJ535546, –; Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1681 (MA), JN250176, JN249166; Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1462 (RSA), AF537567, –; Euphorbia jansen- villensis Nel 4, South Africa, W. Rauh 8958 (JE), AJ535522/AJ535544, –; Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel 5, South Africa, R. Becker 1173 (MICH), *KF267302, *KF267384; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 1, Oman, J. Morawetz 368 (MICH), *KF267303, *KF267385; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 2, Iran, S. Zarre & Y. Salmaki 39951 (TUH), JF732969, –; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 3, Oman, J. Morawetz 350 (MICH), –, *KF267388; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 4, Oman, J. Morawetz 357
S4 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013 Electr. Suppl. to: Peirson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Athymalus
Appendix S1. Continued. (MICH), –, *KF267389; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 5, Oman, J. Morawetz 359 (MICH), –, *KF267390; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 6, Oman, J. Morawetz 362 (MICH), –, *KF267391; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 7, Iran, M. Ricanek & P. Hanacek s.n. (BRN), JN207784, –; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 8, Oman, J. Morawetz 365 (MICH), –, *KF267392; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 9, Oman, J. Morawetz 334 (MICH), –, *KF267386; Euphorbia larica Boiss. 10, Oman, J. Morawetz 338 (MICH), –, *KF267387; Euphorbia lignosa Marloth 1, Namibia, G. Davidse & A. Loxton 6316 (MO), JN250183, JN249173; Euphorbia lignosa Marloth 2, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 282 (MICH), –, *KF267393; Euphorbia lignosa Marloth 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1455 (RSA), –, AF538240; Euphorbia lignosa Marloth 4, Germany (cultivated), W. Rauh 19624 (JE), AJ534723/AJ534733, –; Euphorbia longituberculosa Hochst. ex Boiss., U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1479 (RSA), AF537577, AF538252; Euphorbia loricata Lam. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 859 (MICH), *KF267305, *KF267395; Euphorbia loricata Lam. 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1185 (MICH), *KF267304, *KF267394; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 1176 (MICH), *KF267310, *KF267400; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 2, South Africa, J. Morawetz 304 (MICH), *KF267307, *KF267397; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7775 (MICH), JN250188, JN249177; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 4, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 296 (MICH), *KF267306, *KF267396; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 5, South Africa, R. Becker 1144 (MICH), *KF267309, *KF267399; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 6, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7782 (MICH), JN250150, JN249140; Euphorbia mammillaris L. 7, South Africa, R. Becker 683 (MICH), *KF267308, *KF267398; Euphorbia marie-cladieae Rzepecky, Yemen (Socotra), Rzepecky 12072303 (FT), –, *KF267401; Euphorbia masirahensis Ghaz., Oman, J. Morawetz 348 (MICH), *KF267311, *KF267402; Euphorbia matabelensis Pax 1, Tanzania, J. Morawetz 473 (MICH), –, *KF267403; Euphorbia matabelensis Pax 2, Botswana, P. Smith 4229 (MO), –, AF538247; Euphorbia melanohydrata Nel, Namibia, R. Becker 1245 (MICH), –, *KF267404; Euphorbia meloformis Aiton 1, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 52/00 (JE), AJ535521/AJ535543, –; Euphorbia meloformis Aiton 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1490 (RSA), AF537565, –; Euphorbia meloformis Aiton 3, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 8/98/2 (JE), AJ535517/AJ535542, –; Euphorbia meloformis Aiton 4, South Africa, N. Zim- mermann 49/98 (JE), AJ535520/AJ535541, –; Euphorbia meuleniana O. Schwartz 1, Yemen, A. Miller 35229 (E), JN207791, *KF267405; Euphorbia meule- niana O. Schwartz 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1448 (RSA), AF537572, –; Euphorbia monteiroi Hook. 1, South Africa, R. Becker 1307 (MICH), *KF267312, *KF267406; Euphorbia monteiroi Hook. 2, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 312 (MICH), *KF267313, –; Euphorbia monteiroi Hook. 3, Botswana, D. Long & D. Rae 290 (K), AF537563, –; Euphorbia multiceps A. Berger 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1645 (MA), *KF267314, *KF267408; Euphorbia multiceps A. Berger 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1140 (MICH), –, *KF267407; Euphorbia multifolia A.C. White, R.A. Dyer & B. Sloane 1, South Africa, P. Bruyns 2791 (BOL), AM040782, –; Euphorbia multifolia A.C. White, R.A. Dyer & B. Sloane 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1182 (MICH), –, *KF267409; Euphorbia namaquensis N.E. Br. 1, South Africa, P. Bruyns 4655 (BOL), JN207793, –; Euphorbia namaquensis N.E. Br. 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1266 (MICH), –, *KF267410; Euphorbia namibensis Marloth, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1647 (MA), *KF267315, *KF267411; Euphorbia nubica N.E. Br., Kenya, J. Morawetz 391 (MICH), KC212323, KC212586; Euphorbia oatesii Rolfe in Oates, Zimbabwe, P. Bruyns 7455 (BOL), –, *KF267412; Euphorbia obesa subsp. obesa Hook.f. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), K. Wurdack D539 (US), JN250202, JN249189; Euphorbia obesa subsp. obesa Hook.f. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1465 (RSA), –, AF538244; Euphorbia obesa subsp. obesa Hook.f. 3, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 46/00 (JE), AJ535519/AJ535540, –; Euphor- bia obesa subsp. symmetrica (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) G.D.Rowley, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 39/00 (JE), AJ535518/AJ535539, –; Euphorbia omariana M.G. Gilbert, Ethiopia, I. Friss & al. 3674 (K), AF537560, AF538243; Euphorbia oxystegia Boiss., South Africa, R. Becker 1219 (MICH), –, *KF267413; Euphorbia patula Mill. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7779 (MICH), JN250203, JN249190; Euphorbia patula Mill. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7741 (MICH), –, *KF267414; Euphorbia pedemontana L.C. Leach, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7872 (MICH), JN250208, JN249195; Euphorbia pentagona Haw., South Africa, J. Morawetz 265 (MICH), *KF267316, *KF267415; Euphorbia phylloclada Boiss., South Africa, E. Oliver & al. 6611 (K), AF537427, AF538179; Euphorbia pillansii N.E. Br., South Africa, R. Becker 1145 (MICH), *KF267317, *KF267416; Euphorbia platycephala Pax, Tanzania, G. Bidgood & al. 2249 (K), AF537561, AF538241; Euphorbia polycephala Marloth 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1667 (MA), JN250215, JN249202; Euphorbia polycephala Marloth 2, South Africa, P. Bruyns 11054 (BOL), JN207803, –; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 1, South Africa, J. Morawetz 264 (MICH), *KF267292, *KF267356; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 2, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 317/97 (JE), AJ535525/AJ535547, –; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7784 (MICH), *KF267293, *KF267357; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 4, South Africa, J. Morawetz 263 (MICH), JN250216, JN249203; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 5, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7783 (MICH), JN250172, JN249162; Euphorbia polygona Haw. 6, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1679 (MA), JN250173, JN249163; Euphorbia procumbens Mill. 1, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1638 (MA), *KF267319, *KF267419; Euphorbia pro- cumbens Mill. 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1636 (MA), –, *KF267417; Euphorbia procumbens Mill. 3, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1656 (MA), *KF267320, *KF267420; Euphorbia procumbens Mill. 4, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1657 (MA), –, *KF267421; Euphorbia procumbens Mill. 5, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1637 (MA), *KF267318, *KF267418; Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7803 (MICH), JN250218, JN249205; Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1146 (MICH), *KF267321, *KF267422; Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth 3, U.S.A. (cultivated), B. Reddi s.n. (JE), AJ535528/AJ535550, –; Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth 4, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 28/96 (JE), AJ535530/AJ535552, –; Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth 5, South Africa, N. Zimmermann s. n. 1991 (JE), AJ535529/AJ535551, –; Euphorbia pseudotuberosa Pax, South Africa, P. Bruyns 12437 (BOL), –, *KF267423; Euphorbia pterococca Brot., Spain, J. Molero & A. Rovira 20/2007 (MICH), KC212348, KC212611; Euphorbia pubiglans N.E. Br., South Africa, R. Becker 1094 (MICH), –, *KF267424; Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth 1, South Africa, R. Becker 1306 (MICH), *KF267323, *KF267426; Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth 2, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 295 (MICH), *KF267322, *KF267425; Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth 3, South Africa, P. Bruyns 4383 (BOL), JN207806, –; Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fernald, U.S.A., J. Morawetz 318 (MICH), KC212351, KC212613; Euphorbia quadrata Nel, South Africa, P. Bruyns 3936 (BOL), AM040786, *KF267427; Euphorbia restituta N.E. Br., South Africa, R. Becker 963 (MICH), –, *KF267428; Euphorbia rubriseminalis S. Carter ex Boulos, Yemen, P. Bruyns 10929 (E), JN207813, –; Euphorbia scheffleri Pax 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7877 (MICH), JN250232, JN249220; Euphorbia scheffleri Pax 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1452 (RSA), –, AF538249; Euphorbia scheffleri Pax 3, Kenya, J. Morawetz 403 (MICH), –, *KF267429; Euphorbia schoenlandii Pax 1, South Africa, R. Becker 878 (MICH), JN250234, JN249222; Euphor- bia schoenlandii Pax 2, South Africa, P. Bruyns 6135 (BOL), AM040788, –; Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet 1, South Africa, N. Zimmermann 9/98 (JE), AJ534721/AJ534731, –; Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1090 (MICH), –, *KF267430; Euphorbia smithii S. Carter, Oman, J. Morawetz 336 (MICH), JN250240, JN249227; Euphorbia socotrana Balf.f. 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7876 (MICH), JN250241, JN249228; Euphorbia socotrana Balf.f. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1436 (RSA), –, AF538248; Euphorbia sp. nov., Angola, P. Bruyns 10729 (BOL), JN207820, –; Euphor- bia spinea N.E. Br., South Africa, R. Becker 967 (PRE), JQ750964, JQ750862; Euphorbia stellispina Haw., South Africa, R. Becker 680 (MICH), *KF267324, *KF267431; Euphorbia susannae Marloth 1, South Africa (cultivated), J. Morawetz 300 (PRE), *KF267325, *KF267432; Euphorbia susannae Marloth 2, South Africa (cultivated), N. Zimmermann ex cult. (JE), AJ535531, –; Euphorbia tirucalli L., South Africa, R. Becker 1065 (MICH), KC019704, KC019850; Euphorbia trichadenia Pax 1, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1461 (RSA), AF537564, AF538236; Euphorbia trichadenia Pax 2, South Africa, R. Becker 1133 (MICH), –, *KF267433; Euphorbia trichadenia Pax 3, South Africa, D. Hardy s.n. (JE), AJ534722/AJ534732, –; Euphorbia tuberosa L. 1, South Africa, P. Bruyns 9075 (MO), AM040795, –; Euphorbia tuberosa L. 2, U.S.A. (cultivated), V. Steinmann 1472C (RSA), AF537570, AF538246; Euphorbia unispina N.E. Br., U.S.A. (cultivated), P. Berry 7798 (MICH), KC019660, JN249239; Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth 1, South Africa, R. Becker 1275 (MICH), *KF267326, *KF267434; Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth 2, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1666 (MA), *KF267327, *KF267435; Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth 3, Netherlands (cultivated), R. Riina 1670 (MA), *KF267328, *KF267436; Neoguillauminia cleopatra (Baill.) Croizat, New Caledonia, K. Cameron 2015 (NY), JN250099, JN249090.
S5