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South Africa 2007 W.Hsrc Free Download from Ww Ac.Za Ress ac.za ress. p w.hsrc South Africa 2007 South Africa Free download from ww ac.za ress. p w.hsrc Free download from ww ac.za ress. p w.hsrc Edited bySakhela Edited JohnDaniel, Buhlungu, South Africa 2007 South Africa Roger Southall&JessicaLutchman Free download from ww ac.za ress. p w.hsrc Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za First published 2007 ISBN 978-0-7969-2166-6 © 2007 Human Sciences Research Council The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or policies Free download from ww of the Human Sciences Research Council (‘the Council’) or indicate that the Council endorses the views of the authors. In quoting from this publication, readers are advised to attribute the source of the information to the individual author concerned and not to the Council. Copyedited by Vaun Cornell and Lee Smith Typeset by Christabel Hardacre Cover photograph by Mandla Mnyakama of Iliso Yabantu Print management by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477; Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 www.oneworldbooks.com Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 www.eurospangroup.com/bookstore Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741; Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 www.ipgbook.com Contents List of tables viii List of figures x ac.za ress. Foreword xiii p Acronyms xv w.hsrc Introduction The ANC state, more dysfunctional than developmental? 1 Roger Southall Part 1: Politics Introduction 27 1 The state of the African National Congress 35 Free download from ww Anthony Butler 2 Taking to the streets: has developmental local government failed in South Africa? 53 Doreen Atkinson 3 ‘Things fall apart, can the centre hold?’ The state of coalition politics in the Cape Metropolitan Council 78 Zwelethu Jolobe 4 Municipal elections 2006: protests, independent candidates and cross-border municipalities 95 Mcebisi Ndletyana 5 A silent revolution: South African voters, 1994–2006 114 Collette Schulz-Herzenberg 6 Local government budgets and development: a tale of two towns 146 Neva Seidman Makgetla Part II: Economy Introduction 171 7 Disability and welfare in South Africa’s era of unemployment and AIDS 179 Nicoli Nattrass 8 The ANC, black economic empowerment and state-owned enterprises: a recycling of history? 201 Roger Southall ac.za 9 Technological choices in South Africa: ecology, democracy ress. p and development 226 David Fig w.hsrc 10 Old victories, new struggles: the state of the National Union of Mineworkers 245 Andries Bezuidenhout and Sakhela Buhlungu 11 Rainbow, renaissance, tribes and townships: tourism and heritage in South Africa since 1994 266 Heather Hughes 12 The promise and the practice of transformation in South Africa’s health system 289 Helen Schneider, Peter Barron and Sharon Fonn Free download from ww 13 Public hospitals in South Africa: stressed institutions, disempowered management 312 Karl von Holdt and Mike Murphy Part III: Society Introduction 345 14 ‘Some of us know nothing except military skills’: South Africa’s former guerrilla combatants 351 Lephophotho Mashike 15 The state of South Africa’s prisons 379 Julia Sloth-Nielsen 16 ‘Truck and trailer’: rugby and transformation in South Africa 402 Ashwin Desai and Zayn Nabbi 17 Violence against women in South Africa 425 Lisa Vetten 18 Kingdom deferred? The churches in South Africa, 1994–2006 448 Anthony Egan 19 Improving learner achievement in schools: applications of national assessments in South Africa 470 Anil Kanjee ac.za Part IV: South Africa in Africa ress. p Introduction 503 20 South Africa in Africa: trends and forecasts in a changing w.hsrc African political economy 508 John Daniel, Jessica Lutchman and Alex Comninos 21 South Africa in the DRC: renaissance or neo-imperialism? 533 Claude Kabemba 22 The Zimbabwean community in South Africa 552 Elinor Sisulu, Bhekinkosi Moyo and Nkosinathi Tshuma Contributors 575 Free download from ww Index 576 List of tables Table 1 Racial composition of the civil service, 1993 and 2003 7 ac.za Table 5.1 Aggregate electoral results, 1994–2004 116 Table 5.2 Registration, turnout and percentage of voting age population ress. p (VAP) voting for governing party and opposition 117 Table 5.3 ANC identifiers in each social group, by percentage 128 w.hsrc Table 5.4 Opposition identifiers in each social group, by percentage 128 Table 5.5 Independents in each social group, by percentage 129 Table 5.6 Government performance evaluations: identifiers vs. non-identifiers among black Africans by percentage, 2000 131 Table 5.7 Comparison of turnout as percentage of registered voters 136 Table 5.8 Provincial turnout at local elections as percentage of registered voters 137 Free download from ww Table 6.1 Average expenditure per person per year by quintile of municipalities, 2004 150 Table 6.2 Racial composition of population by municipality income quintile, 2001 151 Table 6.3 Municipal employment by groups of province, 2003 153 Table 6.4 The cost of senior municipal management, 2004 155 Table 6.5 Access to water and sanitation by percentage within quintiles of municipalities, 2001 156 Table 6.6 Percentage of households with access to selected services by district-council quintile, 1996 and 2004 158 Table 6.7 Incomes, employment and household expenditure by district-council quintile, 2004 159 Table 6.8 Access to free basic services by district-council quintile, 2003 159 Table 7.1 The negative impact on household income of the cancellation of a disability grant in rand, different scenarios 193 Table 10.1 NUM membership data by region and sector, 2004 250 viii Table 12.1 Public sector personnel in Mpumalanga and Western Cape per 100 000 population, 1994 293 Table 12.2 Supply of health professionals working in provincial health services and percentage decline, 1996–2003 298 Table 12.3 Training of professional nurses in nursing colleges and universities for a four-year comprehensive course, 1996–2004 299 Table 12.4 Examples of programmatic interventions since 1994 303 ac.za Table 13.1 Resource allocations at public hospitals in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces 316 ress. p Table 15.1 Number of prisons in South Africa, 2005 382 w.hsrc Table 15.2 Offence profile of sentenced prisoners by number and percentage 387 Table 18.1 Christian denominations in South Africa by size, Census results 451 Table 19.1 Participation of South Africa in international/regional studies 474 Free download from ww Table 19.2 Analysis of the literacy task at national level by different domains 477 Table 19.3 Total number of days lost across sample schools during the school year, by percentage 478 Table 19.4 Learner percentage scores by socio-economic status 486 Table 20.1 Rand value of South African exports by region and percentage change, 2002–05 515 Table 20.2 Rand value of South African imports by region and percentage change, 2003–05 516 Table 20.3 South Africa’s top ten African trading partners 517 Table 22.1 Experiences by Zimbabweans under various authorities 564 ix List of figures Figure 2.1 National transfers to local government 59 ac.za Figure 5.1 Partisans vs. non-partisans among South African voters, 1994–2004 119 ress. p Figure 5.2 Direction of partisanship among South African voters, 1994–2004 120 w.hsrc Figure 5.3 Partisans by racial group 122 Figure 5.4 Partisanship by urban vs. rural voters 122 Figure 5.5 Partisanship among South African voters by age group 123 Figure 5.6 Partisanship among South African voters by class group 125 Figure 5.7 ANC partisans among South African voters across class groups 127 Figure 6.1 Access to basic water and sanitation by race, 1996 and 2004 148 Free download from ww Figure 6.2 Access to basic electricity for cooking and lighting by race, 1996 and 2004 148 Figure 6.3 Households with access to basic services in predominantly homeland and other areas, 1996 and 2004 149 Figure 6.4 Shares in total municipal revenue by quintile, 2004 151 Figure 6.5 Sources of municipal revenue by quintile, 2004 153 Figure 6.6 Municipal revenue from services by quintile, 2004 154 Figure 6.7 Municipal expenditure by quintile, 2004 154 Figure 6.8 Share of district-council quintiles in new infrastructure and expansion in social grants, 1996 to 2004 157 Figure 7.1 A comparative perspective on AIDS and unemployment 180 Figure 7.2 National strict unemployment rates 182 Figure 7.3 Labour market participation and the disabled adult 189 Figure 11.1 Foreign tourist arrivals to South Africa, 1965–2004 270 x Figure 12.1 Framework for the performance of health systems 290 Figure 12.2 Top 20 causes of death in South Africa by percentage, 2000 301 Figure 15.1 Total prison population in South Africa, 1995–2005 385 Figure 19.1 Literacy results by province for the South African MLA study 476 Figure 19.2 Literacy results by location of schools 477 ac.za Figure 19.3 Learner–classroom ratio by province 478 Figure 19.4 Grade 3 systemic evaluation results by learning area ress. p and province 480 Figure 19.5 Access to resources at home by province 481 w.hsrc Figure 19.6 Language achievement by home language and province 483 Figure 19.7 National achievement levels for LOLT, mathematics and natural sciences 484 Figure 19.8 ‘AQEE to improve learning’ model 485 Figure 19.9 School resources by province and learning area 485 Figure 19.10 Learner performance by participation in class 487 Figure 20.1 South African investments in the rest of Africa, 1997–2004 511 Free download from ww Figure 20.2 Selected investing countries in Africa, 1994–2004 512 Figure 20.3 South African investment in Africa by country 513 Figure 20.4 South African foreign direct investment by country (without the Grand Inga) 513 Figure 20.5 Sectoral breakdown of South African foreign direct investment in Africa 514 Figure 20.6 Sectoral view of South African foreign direct investment into Africa 514 xi ac.za ress.
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