Nelson Mandela & the End of Apartheid Ab
NELSON MANDELA (1918-2013) NELSON MANDELA ACHIEVEMENTS • He was the first black president of South Africa (1994–99). • His negotiations in the early 1990s with South African President F.W. de Klerk helped end the country’s apartheid system of racial segregation. • Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE EARLY LIFE • Nelson Mandela was born on July 18th, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa, to the Tembu royal family. His father was the Chief of the Xhosa-speaking Tembu people. He had 4 wives and 13 children. • After his father’s death, he renounced his claim to the chieftainship to become a lawyer. • He studied law and passed the qualification exam to become a lawyer. NELSON MANDELA’S FATHER GADLA HENRY MPHAKANYISWA MVEZO (EASTERN CAPE) ANC • In 1944, at the age of 26, he joined the African National Congress (ANC), an African liberation group and soon became one of its leaders, opposing the government segregation policies. • That same year he met and married his first wife, Evelyn Ntoko Mase, a nurse, who gave him 4 children. • 1948: beginning of the apartheid system. MARRIAGE WITH EVELYN NTOKO MASE PASS LAWS • In 1952, in Johannesburg, he established South Africa’s first black law practice. • That year, he also launched a campaign against South Africa’s Pass Laws, which required nonwhites to carry documents authorising their presence in areas generally reserved for the white population. FREEDOM CHARTER • He then travelled throughout the country, building support for non violent means of protest against apartheid. • In 1955 he helped draft the Freedom Charter, a document calling for non racial social democracy in South Africa, which will serve as basis for the 1994 Constitution.
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