Principal Family Line Followed
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
MJMES Volume VIII
Volume VIII 2005-2006 McGill Journal of Middle East Studies Revue d’études du Moyen-Orient de McGill MCGILL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA REVUE D’ÉTUDES DU MOYEN- ORIENT DE MCGILL A publication of the McGill Middle East Studies Students’ Association Volume VIII, 2005-2006 ISSN 1206-0712 Cover photo by Torie Partridge Copyright © 2006 by the McGill Journal of Middle East Studies A note from the editors: The Mandate of the McGill Journal of Middle East Studies is to demonstrate the dynamic variety and depth of scholarship present within the McGill student community. Staff and contributors come from both the Graduate and Undergraduate Faculties and have backgrounds ranging from Middle East and Islamic Studies to Economics and Political Science. As in previous issues, we have attempted to bring this multifaceted approach to bear on matters pertinent to the region. *** The McGill Journal of Middle East Studies is registered with the National Library of Canada (ISSN 1206-0712). We have regularized the subscription rates as follows: $15.00 Canadian per issue (subject to availability), plus $3.00 Canadian for international shipping. *** Please address all inquiries, comments, and subscription requests to: The McGill Journal of Middle East Studies c/o MESSA Stephen Leacock Building, Room 414 855 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T7 Editors-in-chief Aliza Landes Ariana Markowitz Layout Editor Ariana Markowitz Financial Managers Morrissa Golden Avigail Shai Editorial Board Kristian Chartier Laura Etheredge Tamar Gefen Morrissa Golden -
Achila, Visigothic King, 34 Acisclus, Córdoban Martyr, 158 Adams
Index ; Achila, Visigothic king, 34 Almodóvar del Río, Spain, 123–24 Acisclus, Córdoban martyr, 158 Almonacid de la Cuba, Spain, 150. See Adams, Robert, 21 also Dams Aemilian, St., 160 Alonso de la Sierra, Juan, 97 Aerial photography, 40, 82 Amalaric, Visigothic king, 29–30, 132, Aetius, Roman general, 173–75 157 Africa, 4, 21–23; and amphorae, 116, Amber, 114 137, 187, 196; and ARS, 46, 56, 90, Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman histo- 99, 187; and Byzantine reconquest, rian, 166, 168 30; and ‹shing, 103; and olive oil, Amphorae, 43, 80, 199–200; exported 88, 188; and Roman army, 114, 127, from Spain, 44, 97–98, 113, 115–16, 166; and trade, 105, 141; and Van- 172; kilns, 61–62, 87–90, 184; from dals, 27–28, 97, 127, 174 North Africa, 129, 187. See also African Red Slip (ARS) pottery, 101, Kilns 147, 186–87, 191, 197; de‹nition, 41, Anderson, Perry, 5 43, 44, 46; and site survival, 90, Andujar, Spain, 38, 47, 63 92–95, 98–99; and trade, 105–6, 110, Annales, 8, 12, 39 114, 116, 129, 183 Annona: disruption by Vandals, 97, Agde, council of, 29, 36, 41 174; to Roman army, 44, 81, 114–17; Agglomeration, 40–42, 59, 92 to Rome, 23, 27, 44, 81, 113; under Agila, Visigothic king, 158–59. See Ostrogoths, 29, 133. See also Army also Athanagild Antioch, Syria, 126 Agrippa, Roman general, 118 Anti-Semitism, 12, 33. See also Jews Alans, 24, 26, 27, 34, 126, 175 Antonine Itinerary, 152 Alaric, Visigothic king, 2, 5, 26–27 Apuleius, Roman writer, 75–76, 122 Alaric II, Visigothic king, 29–30 Aqueducts, 119, 130, 134, 174–75 Alcalá del Río, Spain, 40, 44, 93, 123, Aquitaine, France, 2, 27, 45, 102 148 Arabs, 33–34, 132–33, 137. -
The Self-Coronations of Iberian Kings: a Crooked Line
THE SELF-Coronations OF IBERIAN KINGS: A CROOKED LINE JAUME AURELL UNIVERSIDAD DE NAVARRA SpaIN Date of receipt: 10th of March, 2012 Final date of acceptance: 4th of March, 2014 ABSTRACT This article focuses on the practice of self-coronation among medieval Iberian Castilian kings and its religious, political, and ideological implications. The article takes Alfonso XI of Castile self-coronation (1332) as a central event, and establishes a conceptual genealogy, significance, and relevance of this self-coronation, taking Visigothic, Asturian, Leonese, and Castilian chronicles as a main source, and applying political theology as a methodology. The gesture of self-coronation has an evident transgressive connotation which deserves particular attention, and could throw some light upon the traditional debate on the supposed “un-sacred” kingship of Castilian kings1. KEY WORDS Coronation, Unction, Castile, Monarchy, Political Theology. CAPITALIA VERBA Coronatio, Unctio, Castella, Monarchia, Theologia politica. IMAGO TEMPORIS. MEDIUM AEVUM, VIII (2014) 151-175. ISSN 1888-3931 151 152 JAUME AURELL 1Historians have always been fascinated by the quest for origins. Alfonso XI of Castile and Peter IV of Aragon’s peculiar and transgressive gestures of self-coronation in the fourteenth century are very familiar to us, narrated in detail as they are in their respective chronicles2. Yet, their ritual transgression makes us wonder why they acted in this way, whether there were any precedents for this particular gesture, and to what extent they were aware of the different rates at which the anointing and coronation ceremonies were introduced into their own kingdoms, in their search for justification of the self-coronation3. -
Constructing 'Race': the Catholic Church and the Evolution of Racial Categories and Gender in Colonial Mexico, 1521-1700
CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 i CONSTRUCTING ‘RACE’: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EVOLUTION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES AND GENDER IN COLONIAL MEXICO, 1521-1700 _______________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Alexandria E. Castillo August, 2017 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of the Catholic Church in defining racial categories and construction of the social order during and after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, then New Spain. The Catholic Church, at both the institutional and local levels, was vital to Spanish colonization and exercised power equal to the colonial state within the Americas. Therefore, its interests, specifically in connection to internal and external “threats,” effected New Spain society considerably. The growth of Protestantism, the Crown’s attempts to suppress Church influence in the colonies, and the power struggle between the secular and regular orders put the Spanish Catholic Church on the defensive. Its traditional roles and influence in Spanish society not only needed protecting, but reinforcing. As per tradition, the Church acted as cultural center once established in New Spain. However, the complex demographic challenged traditional parameters of social inclusion and exclusion which caused clergymen to revisit and refine conceptions of race and gender. -
The Christian Recovery of Spain, Being the Story of Spain from The
~T'^~r''m»^ STORY OF r>.e N ATJONS^rrrr: >' *•=• ?(¥**''' ^'i^^J^^^^'^'^^rP'.'fiS- «* j; *!v'---v-^^'--: "'I'l "i .'^l^lllL""ll'h i' [i^lLl^lA^AiiJ rr^^Tf iii Di ii i m im wmV' W M»\immmtmme>mmmm>timmms6 Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.arcliive.org/details/cliristianrecoverOOwattricli THE STORY OF THE NATIONS 2MO, ILLUSTRATED. PER VOL., $1.50 THE EARLIER VOLUMES ARE THE STORY OF GREECE. By Prof. Jas. A. Harrison THE STORY OF ROME. By Arthur Oilman THE STORY OF THE JEWS. By Prof. Jas. K. Hosmer THE STORY OF CHALDEA. By Z. A. Ragozin THE STORY OF GERMANY. By S. Baring-Gould THE STORY OF NORWAY. By Prof. H. H. Bovesen THE STORY OF SPAIN. By E. E. and Susan Hale THE STORY OF HUNGARY. By Prof. A. V.^MBfiRY THE STORY OF CARTHAGE. By Prof. Alfred J. Church THE STORY OF THE SARACENS. By Arthur Oilman THE STORY OF THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By Stanley Lane-Poole THE STORY OF THE NORMANS. By Sarah O. Jewett THE STORY OF PERSIA. By S. G. W. Benjamin THE STORY OF ANCIENT EGYPT. By Geo. Rawlinson THE STORY OF ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By Prof. J. P. Mahaffy THE STORY OF ASSYRIA. By Z. A. Ragozin THE STORY OF IRELAND. By Hon. Emilv Lawless THE STORY OF THE GOTHS. By Henry Bradley THE STORY OF TURKEY. By Stanley Lane-Poole THE STORY OF MEDIA, BABYLON, AND PERSIA. By Z. A. Ragozin THE STORY OF MEDIEVAL FRANCE. By Gustave Masson THE STORY OF MEXICO. -
The 'Rex Fidelissimus' Spanish-French Rivalry in the Reign of Alfonso Xi of Castile
THE ‘REX FIDELISSIMUS’ 93 THE ‘REX FIDELISSIMUS’ SPANISH-FRENCH RIVALRY IN THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XI OF CASTILE (1312–1350) by FRANK TANG (Amsterdam)*,** On the 30th of October 1340 the armies of the Castilian king Alfonso XI (1312– 1350) met the allied forces of the Marinid sultan of Morocco and the emir of Gra- nada on the banks of the river Salado in the deep south of Spain. Alfonso, who was supported by his father-in-law Alfonso IV of Portugal and crusaders from all over Europe, was facing superior numbers. Still, the Christians won the battle and crushed the enemy. According to the Crónica de Alfonso el Onceno, which was probably written by Alfonso’s confidant Fernán Sánchez de Valladolid, the Mus- lims suffered severe losses: 200.000 warriors are said to have been killed. Besides, the Christians captured not only the sultan’s harem, but also an enormous amount of silver and gold. As a result the prices of these precious metals dropped consid- erably in places as far away as Paris1. The number of Muslim victims (against on- ly twenty dead knights on Christian side!) is, of course, highly exaggerated. That does not alter the fact that the Battle of Salado is celebrated as one of the great Christian victories of the Reconquest, which had started over 600 years before with the legendary Battle of Covadonga and would be completed 152 years lat- er, when the Catholic Kings Fernando and Isabel took Granada. The danger of an invasion from Africa had been averted once and for all, especially when Alfonso secured Castilian control of the European side of the Straits of Gibraltar by con- quering Algeciras at the end of a long siege in 1344. -
Soper 1967 1247191.Pdf
PERO LOPEZ DE AYALA AS HISTORIAN Al'./D LITERARY ARTIST by Cherrie L. Soper A.B., Ursinus College, 1959 M.A., University of Kansas, 1961 Submitted to tne Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the re- quirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. AC.KNO vlLEDGH:t;N T I would like to express my most sincere appreciation to Dr. Arnold H. Weiss for his invaluable help and en- couragement in the direction of this dissertation. C.L.S. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS i INTRODUC'fION . ii CHAHT OF ROYAL hOUSE OF CASTILE A~D LECN (1252-1454). iii CHAPTER I. HISTOHICAL BACKGHOUND 1 II. P_t;.RO LCPEZ DE AYALA . 8 III. LA CRCNICA DBL RBY DON PEDHO I (1350-1369). 14 IV. LA CHC~ICA DEL HEY DO~ ~NHIQU~ 11 (1369-1379) 55 V. LA CHCNICA DEL REY DON JuAN (1379-1390) 79 VI. LA CRCNICA DEL REY DON El'-lHIQLJ~ III - -- -- -- ( 1390-1396) 124 VII. LITEHAHY DBVICES IN THE CHRONICIBS 152 VIII. AYALA AND HUMANISM . 181 CONCLUSION . 189 GLOSSARY . 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 19L~ i INTROjJliC ·rI ON Pero Lopez de Ayala (1332-1407) has traditionally been considered to be Castile's first great historian in the modern sense--a pre-Humanist, whose historical veracity and innovations in style paved the way for a new era in Spanish historiography. But despite his high reputation, Ayala and his chronicles have mostly been written about in general histories or in histories of literature; few critics have dealt with him exclusively or in detail. -
3 Knighted by the Apostle Himself Political Fabrication and Chivalric Artefact in Compostela, 1332
3 Knighted by the Apostle Himself Political Fabrication and Chivalric Artefact in Compostela, 1332 Rosa M. Rodríguez Porto On the morning of the feast of St James in 1332, at a time when the star of the shrine of St James seemed to wane, the interior of the Romanesque cathedral of Santiago de Compostela was turned into a stage for one of the most exceptional rituals ever per- formed in Iberia – or anywhere else: King Alfonso XI of Castile’s knighting ceremony by the Apostle himself.1 Documentary records some months before attest to the sov- ereign’s decision to organise his knighting ceremony, since he had asked for a special tribute from some of the cities of his kingdom in order to cover the expenses of the fes- tivities.2 He had also sent some assistants to purchase luxurious textiles and swords in Avignon to enhance this display of royal grandeur.3 Yet, except for the Compostelan canons and those belonging to the closest entourage of the monarch, it would have been hard to ascertain what was going to happen. The chronicle of his reign – written around ten years later than the events described – leaves the historian amazed and frustrated, unable to come to terms with the cer- emony described. It is retold there how the king had spent the night in vigil, with his armour on the altar. At dawn on 25 July the archbishop said mass and blessed the weapons with which King Alfonso proceeded to arm himself in full plate armour. Then he girded himself with his sword ‘so he should receive them from no other’ and approached the statue (imagen) of Saint James that was above the altar until he was close enough to make it strike him on the cheek. -
Broken Boundaries: Developing Portrayals of Iberian Islam in Castilian Texts of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Broken Boundaries: Developing Portrayals of Iberian Islam in Castilian Texts of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries BY Robert Iafolla A Study Presented to the Faculty of Wheaton College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Departmental Honors in History Norton, Massachusetts May 13, 2013 1 Table of Contents Note on Translation 2 Introduction 3 1. Bounded Interaction: Christians and Muslims in Literature from 28 the Fifteenth Century Frontier 2. Continuity and Change: The Sixteenth Century and Frontiers in 70 Time 3. Moriscos in Revolt: New Portrayals on the Old Frontier 114 Conclusion 159 Bibliography 162 2 Note on Translation Unless otherwise indicated, all translations from sources are mine. In the footnotes, I have kept the spelling of most words as it was in the source, but in a few instances I have changed it for the sake of clarity if the meaning would not be immediately apparent. Within the text, names of people or places that have a common spelling in English have been rendered according to that spelling, so for example Castilla is written as Castile and Felipe as Philip. Also, I have kept the spelling of individual names as they appear in the sources, except where there is a clear preference for an alternative spelling in the majority of modern sources. For instance, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza's spelling Abén Humeya, for the first leader of the Morisco revolt, is changed to Abén Humaya. 3 Introduction The year 1492 looms large in the history of the Iberian Peninsula. In January the city of Granada, the last remaining outpost of Islamic political power in Iberia after eight centuries, surrendered to the armies of the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. -
Alfonso XI) and Libro De La Caza (Juan Manuel)
Imagining Nature and Nobility in Law and Literature: Siete partidas (Alfonso X), Libro de la montería (Alfonso XI) and Libro de la caza (Juan Manuel) Jonathan Burgoyne The Ohio State University 2 Abstract The medieval hunt and hunting manuals have been studied by historians as sources for the history of medieval science and geography, and for their insights into the daily lives of the elite societies that practiced hunting as a ritualized sport. This article examines two medieval hunting manuals, Juan Manuel’s Libro de la caza, and the Libro de la montería, commissioned by King Alfonso XI of Castile, and King Alfonso X’s law code, the Siete partidas, for their rhetorical and ideological portrayals of hunting and falconry as expressions of aristocratic power and sovereignty over the natural world. The article concludes with a study of an imagined debate between the merits of falconry and hunting with hounds in the Libro de la caza and Libro de la montería that sheds light on Juan Manuel and Alfonso’s competing views on nobility, informed by the political history of war and rebellion that shaped the lives of both men. Key words: Hunting, Falconry, Alfonso X, Alfonso XI, Juan Manuel, Libro de la caza, Libro de la montería, Siete partidas, Nature, Nobility. 3 In a 1967 article published in Speculum on “The Mediaeval Chase”, Marcelle Thiébaux points to the French Livres du Roy Modus et de La Royne Ratio as a source for what the author describes as a common altercatio: a debate between huntsmen and falconers on the merits of their sport.1 Also known as Le jugement de chiens et d’oisiaus, the debate is a comical, poetic interlude, parodying the classroom exercise of disputatio. -
Battle-Seeking Commanders in the Later Middle Ages: Phases of Generalship in the War of the Two Pedros Donald J
Battle-Seeking Commanders in the Later Middle Ages: Phases of Generalship in the War of the Two Pedros Donald J. Kagay Albany State University Thanks to the influence of the imperial military writer, Vegetius, it has long been understood that in the Middle Ages defense operations were much preferred to those of an offensive nature.1 In the Iberian Peninsula with long stretches of extremely fertile coastline divided from the interior by bleak grasslands and harsh uplands marked by the absence of readily accessible water,2 the maxim of holding one’s fire and waiting the enemy to make a mistake seemed a prudent one. Because the Iberian landscape was even further dominated by strategically placed fortresses, all warfare in the region, no matter who engaged in it, was normally of a much reduced scale. The principal combat technique was the “lightning raid” (algara, aciefa, cabalgada), unleashing on the landscape what one modern military historian has called a “war of erosion.”3 This regime of raiding normally existed without pitched battles, 1Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science, trans. N.P. Milner (Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 1996), 116 (III:26); Maurice’s Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy, trans. George T. Dennis (Philadelphia, 1984) 15, 118 (I:3; XI:2); Donald J. Kagay, “The Defense of the Crown of Aragon during the War of the Two Pedros (1356-1366),” The Journal of Military History 71 (2007): 12-13; Edward N. Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge, Mass., 1995), 58-59. 2Richard Ford, A Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain and Readers at Home, ed. -
A Brief Historical Background: Peter I of Castile...The Cruel Or the Just?
Peter I of Castile... the Cruel or the Just? Monthly Strategy Report January 2017 Alejandro Vidal Crespo Director of Market Strategies Monthly Strategy Report. January 2017 Peter I of Castile... the Cruel or the Just? Peter I was the last Castilian king of the House of Burgundy, a House that unified the kingdoms of Castile and Leon and that included, among others, Alfonso X the Wise. The House of Burgundy ruled Castile from 1126, under Alfonso VII, until 1369, upon the death of Peter I at the hands of his half-brother and successor Henry II of Trastámara, thus giving rise to a new dynasty of Castilian Kings that would endure until the coronation of Charles I of Spain. But getting back to Peter I… He was proclaimed King of Castile in 1350 at the age of 15, after his father, Alfonso XI of Castile, died of the Black Death. Peter was the legitimate son of the king and his wife, the Infanta Maria of Portugal and, therefore, grandson of the King of Portugal. However, Alfonso XI had abandoned his wife and heir at an early age in favour of his beloved, Leonor de Guzmán, with whom he had several undocumented children, among them the future King Henry II. Peter’s ascent to the throne was not at all easy, since he had a number of enemies from a young age: the sons of King Alfonso and Leonor (among them, Henry) and his first cousins, the Infantes of the neighbouring kingdom of Aragon (Peter, John and Fernando of Aragon), against whom he would battle for half his life.