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High Energy Chemical Laser System Wherein Explo- [75] Inventors: David W United States Patent im [ii] 3,928,821 Gregg et al. [45] Dec. 23, 1975 [54] HIGH ENERGY CHEMICAL LASER [57] ABSTRACT SYSTEM A high energy chemical laser system wherein explo- [75] Inventors: David W. Gregg, Lafayette; Richard sive gaseous mixtures of a reducing agent providing K. Pearson, Pleasanton, both of hydrogen isotopes and interhalogen compounds are Calif. uniformly ignited by means of an electrical discharge, [73] Assignee: The United States of America as flash-photolysis or an electron beam. The resulting represented by the United States chemical explosion pumps a lasing chemical species, Energy Research and Development hydrogen fluoride or deuterium fluoride which is Administration, Washington, D.C. formed in the chemical reaction. The generated lasing pulse has light frequencies in the 3-micron range. Suit- [22] Filed: Jan. 23, 1975 able interhalogen compounds include bromine trifluo- [21] Appl. No.: 543,611 ride (BrF3), bromine pentafluoride (BrF5), chlorine monofluoride (C1F), chlorine trifluoride (C1F3), chlo- Related U.S. Application Data rine pentafluoride (C1F5), iodine pentafluoride (IF5), [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 146,948, May 26, 1971, and iodine heptafluoride (IF7);, and suitable reducing abandoned. agents include hydrogen (H2), hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4), deuterium (D2), and diborane (B2H6), [52] U.S. CI 331/94.5 G as well as combinations of the gaseous compound and- [51] Int. CI.2 HOIS 3/22 /or molecular mixtures of the reducing agent. [58] Field of Search 331 /94.5 6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Primary Examiner—William L. Sikes Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Dean E. Carlson; F. A. Robertson; L. E. Carnahan 34 37 | w 36 35 I 4 34 k" I 31 I / U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 1975 Sheet 759 of 2 3,926,344 POWER 1^-17 SUPPLY V 29- •28 INVENTORS DAVID W. GREGG BY RICHARD K. PEARSON ATTORNEY= U.S. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 Sheet 2 of 2 3,928,821 tzSSSgi/ ' in INVENTORS DAVID W. GREGG BY RICHARD K. PEARSON ATTORNEY> 761,926,344 FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a modified electron HIGH ENERGY CHEMICAL LASER SYSTEM beam apparatus for carrying out the invention. This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 146,948, filed May 26, 1971, now abandoned. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5 This invention, like the above-referenced copending BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION U.S. patent application is based on an exothermic The invention described herein was made in the chemical reaction which has a lasing reaction species course of, or under, Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 or product, which releases energy suitable for pumping with the United States Atomic Energy Commission. that lasing species at a sufficient rate to generate an This invention relates to explosive gas laser systems, 10 extremely large population inversion, and which can be and more particularly to such a laser system which uniformly and controllably initiated for high power utilizes explosive gaseous mixtures of a reducing agent pulsed lasing systems. This reaction is provided by an providing hydrogen fluoride or deuterium fluoride and explosive gaseous mixture of a reducing agent provid- interhalogen compounds uniformly ignited. ing hydrogen isotopes (hydrogen and deuterium) and High power pulsed lasing systems which utilize an 15 interhalogen compounds uniformly ignited by means of exothermic chemical reaction which has a lasing reac- electrical discharge, electron beam, or in some in- tion species or product, which releases energy suitable stances flash-photolysis. The generated lasing pulse has for pumping that lasing species at a sufficient rate to light frequencies in the 3-micron range. Suitable inter- generate an extremely large population inversion, and halogen gaseous compounds include bromine trifluo- 20 which can be uniformly and controllably initiated have ride (BrF:!), bromine pentafluoride (BrF5), chlorine been disclosed and claimed in U.S. patent application monofluoride (CIF), chlorine trifluoride (C1F3), chlo- Ser. No. 40,653, filed May 26, 1970, issued as U.S. Pat. rine pentafluoride (C1F5), iodine pentafluoride (IF5), No. 3,623,145 on Nov. 23, 1971 by the inventors of and iodine heptafluoride (IF7), while suitable reducing this application and assigned to the same assignee. agents are hydrogen (H2), deuterium (D2), methane 25 (CH4), and diborane (B2H6) or the deuterated version, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION or combination thereof. It should be noted, that from the tests thus far conducted, that while these com- The present invention is similar to the above refer- pounds have been found to lase by electrical discharge enced high power pulsed lasing system, but differs in and electron beam initiation, at least certain of them, as that the present inventive system uniformly initiates the 30 discussed hereinafter, have lased by flash-photolysis chemical reaction of gaseous mixtures of hydrogen ignition. However, the tests have not been completed at isotopes and interhalogen compounds throughout the this time and thus are not conclusive. lasing cavity volume. This is accomplished as illustrated by an electrical discharge apparatus or an electron Specifically it has been discovered that the following beam apparatus, but may also be carried out at least in explosive gaseous mixtures will provide the desired 35 some instances by flash-photolysis. chemical reaction described above: BrF;i + H2, BrF5 + Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide H2, CIF + H2, C1F3 -I- H2, C1F3 + B2H«, C1F5 + H2, IF5 + a high energy chemical laser system which utilizes an H2, IF7 + H2, IF7 + D2, IF7 + CH4 and IF7 + B2H?. Cur- explosive gaseous mixture of a reducing agent and rently, it has been determined that the above mixtures interhalogen compounds. will lase when initiated by the electrical discharge tech- Another object of the invention is to provide a high 40 nique described hereinafter with respect of FIG. 1 of energy, pulsed chemical laser system which utilizes an the drawings; and that from test thus far conducted at explosive gaseous mixture which releases energy suit- least the IF5 + H2, IF7 + H2 and IF7 + D2 mixtures will able for pumping a lasing reaction species at a suffi- lase when initiated by the flash-photolysis (flashlamps) cient rate to generate an extremely large population technique illustrated in FIG. 1 of the above referenced inversion and which can be uniformly and controllably 45 copending U.S. patent application. While each of the initiated. mixtures has not been tested , at this time by flash- Another object of the invention is to provide a high photolysis it appears that each will lase by this tech- energy, pulsed chemical laser system which utilizes the nique. While the electron beam technique, illustrated reaction of hydrogen isotopes and interhalogen com- in FIG. 2 has not yet been utilized on each of the mix- pounds. 50 tures, there is no indication that each mixture will not Another object of the invention is to provide an elec- lase by this technique since tests, have generally shown tron discharge ignited high power, pulsed chemical that whenever lasing is attained by electrical discharge laser utilizing an explosive gaseous mixture of hydrogen it has also been accomplished by the electron beam isotopes and iriterhalogen compounds. technique. Another object of the invention is to provide a capac- 55 Inasmuch as the electrical discharge (see FIG. 1) itive controlled electron beam ignited high power, testing to verify the invention concept has been di- pulsed chemical laser utilizing an explosive gaseous rected more extensively to the mixture of iodine hepta- mixture of hydrogen isotopes and interhalogen com- fluoride and molecular hydrogen (IF7 + H2), the follow- pounds. ing is set forth to illustrate the invention utilizing this Other objects of the invention will become readily 60 technique: Laser action was achieved by the electrical apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the follow- discharge apparatus of FIG. 1 which initiated IF7 + H2 ing description and accompanying drawings. mixtures in the range of 2-9 parts IF7 to 1 part H2 at pressures ranging from 0 to 250 torr; the laser emission, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS in the region of about 2.7 to 3.1 microns, is attributed FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrical discharge 65 to hydrogen fluoride (HF), a product of combustion. apparatus for carrying out the invention; Mixtures of IF7 + H2 at pressures ranging from 10 to FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an electron beam 50 torr lased on 11 vibrational-rotational lines of HF apparatus for carrying out the invention; and when subjected to electrical discharge. This system 3,926,344 provides an intense laser, requires a relatively small tinctly different from flashlamps when used for the amount of energy for initiation, burns to completion, volumetric ignition of chemical lasers. By using the and has all gaseous products. electron beam initiation technique, large amounts of The electrical discharge apparatus utilized in the IF- useful ignition energy are obtainable in short times 4- H2 tests described above is schematically illustrated 5 compared to flashlamp systems. The apparatus used in in FIG. 1 and comprises a laser tube or vessel 10, hav- the above testing is capable of delivering 500 joules in ing an active volume, for example, 50 cm long by 1.0 50 ns, but still larger apparatus capable of delivering cm diameter, filled with an explosive gaseous mixture more energy in less time is within the present state of 11, such as IF7 + H2. The laser tube 10 containing the the art. Pulsed electron beam apparatus have the ability explosive mixture 11 is provided at each end thereof 10 to penetrate large amounts of material with uniform with windows 12 and 13 oppositely positioned at Brew- energy deposition relative to flashlamp light. The appa- ster's angle and constructed, for example, from barium ratus used in the above tests, which produces 1.2 MeV 2 fluoride (BaF2).
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