Name:______Date:______Period:______World History Chapter 5 Study Guide 5-1 1-99 A.D. Political History 1. What does B.C. and A.D. stand for? 2. Which century corresponds with the years 1-99 A.D.? 3. What battle took place in present-day Germany in 9 A.D., when an alliance of Germanic tribes, led by Arminius, ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions, led by Varus? 4. Who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 B.C. until his death in 14 A.D.? 5. What name is given to the ancient Roman civilization from 14 to 180 A.D.? 6. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 14 to 37 A.D., and was one of the greatest Roman generals, and was remembered as a dark and somber ruler who never really desired to be emperor? 7. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 37 to 41 A.D., and is known for his cruelty, sadism, and extravagance, and was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard and members of the Roman Senate? 8. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 41 to 54 A.D., and was an ambitious builder, constructing many new roads, aqueducts, and canals across the Empire, and was murdered by his own wife, Agrippina? 9. Which empire invaded Britain in 43 A.D.? 10. What name came to be used for Great Britain after the Roman conquest in 43 A.D. and until the evacuation of the Roman legions in 410 A.D.? 11. What event of unrest broke out in Rome in 51 A.D.? 12. What ancient Roman aqueduct was begun in 38 A.D. and was finished in 52 A.D., and is regarded as one of the “four great aqueducts of Rome”? 13. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 54 to 68 A.D, and made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician, and charioteer, and committed suicide when he found out that he was condemned to death as a public enemy? 14. Who was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in 60 and 61 A.D., and died shortly after its failure, having poisoned herself? 15. What decisive battle took place in Roman Britain in 61 A.D. between an alliance of indigenous British peoples and a Roman army led by Paulinus, and resulted in a Roman victory, and marked the end of resistance to Roman rule in Britain? 16. What disaster struck the city of Rome in 64 A.D.? 17. What was a vast landscaped palace built in the heart of ancient Rome in 68 A.D.? 18. What name is given to 69 A.D., a year in the history of the Roman Empire in which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian? 19. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 69 to 79 A.D., and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, and was the first Roman emperor to be directly succeeded by his own natural born son? 20. What ancient city was laid siege to by Rome and was brought back under Roman rule in 70 A.D.? 21. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 79 to 81 A.D. and gained renown as a military commander prior to becoming emperor? 22. What disaster took place in 79 A.D., and obliterated and buried several Roman settlements, and was one of the most catastrophic events in European history? 23. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 81 to 96 A.D., and his government exhibited strong authoritarian characteristics, and his reign came to an end when he was assassinated by court officials? 24. What name has been given to the ancient Roman imperial succession of Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius who presided over the most majestic days of the Roman Empire from 96 to 180 A.D.? 25. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 96 to 98 A.D., and his brief reign was marred by financial difficulties and his inability to reassert his authority over the Roman army, and died of natural causes on January 27, 98 A.D.? 26. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 98 to 117 A.D., and is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history, leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death? 5-2 1-99 A.D. Innovative History 27. What city in Britannia became a spa in 60 A.D. when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon? 28. What ancient Roman aqueduct was completed in 60 A.D. in southern France, and is the highest of all elevated Roman aqueducts, and is one of the best preserved? 29. What ancient Roman aqueduct was completed in 98 A.D. in Spain, and is one of the best-preserved elevated Roman aqueducts today? 30. What was developed by the Romans in the 1st century A.D. and was used primarily in the production of vessels? 31. Who was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire, and wrote Geographica in 23 A.D.? 32. Who was a mathematician and engineer, and invented the Aeolipile in 60 A.D., and is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity, and his work is representative of the Hellenistic scientific tradition? 5-3 1-99 A.D. Cultural History 33. What is a historical and archeological city in present-day Jordan and is famous for its Greek influenced rock-cut architecture created in the 1st century A.D.? 34. Who was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus, and was a contemporary of the older Virgil and Horace, with whom he is often ranked as one of the three canonical poets of Latin literature, and wrote Metamorphoses in 8 A.D.? 35. What high marble statue of Augustus Caesar was created in 14 A.D.? 36. What name was given to the archeological remains of a Roman house in Pompeii, buried in the ash from the 79 A.D. eruption of Mount Vesuvius? 37. What honorific arch was constructed in Rome in 82 A.D. and has provided the general model for many triumphal arches erected since? 38. What oval amphitheatre was constructed in Rome in 80 A.D., and could hold up to 80,000 spectators, and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology, and is the largest amphitheatre ever built? 39. What were a series of contests between armed combatants who entertained audiences in the Roman Empire in violent confrontations with each other, wild animals, or condemned criminals? 40. What expression is attributed to Juvenal, which describes people who relinquish their freedoms in exchange for food and entertainment? 41. What mystery religion was practiced in the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 4th century A.D., and had a complex system of grades of initiation and communal ritual meals, and was viewed as a rival to Christianity? 42. Who was the central figure of Christianity and is widely viewed as one of the most influential figures in history? 43. What monotheistic religion was founded in the 1st century A.D., and its adherents believe that Jesus is the Son of God and savior of humanity, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Old Testament of the Bible? 44. Who was an apostle who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world, and founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe, and is often considered the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity? 45. What name is given to thirteen books of the New Testament, written from 51 to 58 A.D., and were composed of letters which are largely attributed to Paul the Apostle? 46. What were written between 70 and 110 A.D., and are the main source of information about Jesus, and include Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John? 5-4 100-199 A.D. Political History 47. Which century corresponds with the years 100-199 A.D.? 48. What monumental complex was completed in 112 A.D., and was the center of the Roman Empire? 49. What triumphal column was constructed in Rome in 113 A.D., and commemorates Rome’s victory in the Dacian Wars, and its design has inspired numerous victory columns, both ancient and modern? 50. What large complex was completed in 113 A.D., and is thought to be the world’s oldest shopping mall? 51. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 117 to 138 A.D., and visited almost every province of the Roman Empire, and was an ardent admirer of Greece and sought to make Athens the cultural capital of the empire? 52. What defensive fortification in Britannia was begun in 122 A.D. and was the northern limit of the Roman Empire? 53. What towering cylindrical building was constructed in Rome in 139 A.D. as a mausoleum, and was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle, and was once the tallest building in Rome? 54. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 138 to 161 A.D., and his reign is notable for the peaceful state of the Empire, with no major revolts or military incursions during this time, and left his successors with a large surplus in the treasury? 55. What fortification was built by the Romans in 154 A.D. across what is now Scotland? 56. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 161 to 180 A.D., and was the last of the rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors, and was also seen as the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability for the Empire? 57. What disaster took place from 165 to 180 A.D., and killed as much as one-third of the population in some areas and devastated the Roman army, and the total deaths have been estimated at five million? 58. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 180 to 192 A.D., and developed an increasingly dictatorial style of leadership that culminated in a God-like personality cult, and was assassinated by the head of the Praetorian Guard? 59. What name is given to 193 A.D., a year in the history of the Roman Empire in which five claimants for the title Roman Emperor were: Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, and Septimius Severus? 60. Who reigned as Roman emperor from 193 to 211 A.D., and after consolidating his rule over the western provinces, he waged another war in the east against the Parthian Empire, and expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris? 5-5 100-199 A.D. Innovative History 61. Who was a Greek mathematician and astronomer, and wrote Sphaerica in the 2nd century A.D.? 62. Who was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer, and wrote Geography in 150 A.D.? 63. Who was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, and was one of the most accomplished medical researchers of antiquity, and influenced the development of anatomy, physiology, and pathology? 5-6 100-199 A.D. Cultural History 64. What Christian church was founded in 110 A.D. in Rome, and is the world’s oldest continuously functioning international institution, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization? 65. Who was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire and wrote Histories in 110 A.D.? 66. Who was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of ancient Rome and wrote Letters in 112 A.D.? 67. Who was a Roman historian who wrote during the early imperial era of the Roman Empire, and wrote The Twelve Caesars in 121 A.D.? 68. Who was a Greek Stoic philosopher and his teachings were written down and published in Enchiridion of Epictetus in 125 A.D.? 69. What is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 A.D., recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy? 70. Who was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century A.D., and is the author of the collection of satirical poems known as the Satires written in 127 B.C.? 71. What temple was constructed in Rome in 126 A.D., and is one of the best-preserved of all ancient Roman buildings, and its dome is still the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome? 72. What is an ancient Roman statue made of bronze, and stands at 14 feet tall, and depicts the Roman emperor mounted on his horse, and was made in 175 A.D.? 73. What is a set of Roman bronze statues that were created in the 2nd century A.D., and have been relocated throughout history from Rome, to Constantinople, to Venice, and to Paris, and are currently located in Venice? 74. What are Egyptian-Greek wisdom texts from the 2nd century A.D., and they discuss the divine, the cosmos, mind, and nature, they also touch on alchemy, astrology, and related concepts? 75. What are letters in a set of related alphabets developed around 150 A.D. which were used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet?