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Rodney Young's Other Career PORTRAIT Rodney Young’s Other Career BY SUSAN HEUCK ALLEN ussolini’s invasion of Greece on October 28, 1940 prompted American M archaeologists excavating there to act. Rodney Young, a recent Ph.D. who had been digging on a mountain slope overlooking Athens, drove an ambulance starters who could work together as a team. Archaeologists were ideal. for the Greek Red Cross. He supplied first aid stations and Young was asked to analyze Greece’s picked up wounded soldiers from the Greek campaign, military potential and economic and political status. Impressed by which had pushed the Italians back into Albania and scored his insider knowledge, the OSS recruited him to lead its Secret the first land victory of the Allies in Europe in WWII. Intelligence Branch on Greece in 1942, and he, in turn, recruited fellow archaeologists. Critically wounded during an air organizing the United States’ first None among Young’s recruits strike, Young survived thanks to a pair global intelligence operation, the had ever conducted espionage. After of women from the Greek Red Cross Office of Strategic Services (OSS), medical screening, they trained at who, during the German invasion of predecessor of the CIA. After Pearl “Te Farm,” a sprawling estate in Greece, drove him to Athens in his own Harbor and the USA’s entry horse country 20 miles ABOVE: This well-known ambulance. After the Nazis occupied into WWII, the OSS had to photograph of Rodney southeast of Washington, Greece in the summer of 1941, Young work quickly. Tey needed Young at Gordion DC. For weeks they lived returned to the U.S. as part of a people who had lived in shows him in his in limbo, attending lectures excavation “uniform” protracted diplomatic exchange. the countries where they from dawn to midnight, of jodhpurs and high At that moment, Colonel would serve and who knew leather boots, 1953. followed by parties where William “Wild Bill” Donovan was the needed languages, self- UPM image #101533. they were constantly EXPEDITION Winter 2015 69 PORTRAIT observed. Instead of writing articles, they learned to report intelligence, identify U.S. and German military equipment, interpret psychological and police reports, recruit and handle field agents, write with invisible inks, and install “bugs” or listening devices. Instead of studying for ancient Greek sight translation exams, they crammed codes, communications, counterintelligence, and covert warfare. Along with drawing and interpreting maps, the archaeologists composed letters embedded with encrypted messages, using ciphers that they memorized in verse so as to be paper-free should they be caught. Tey learned to shoot a gun and engage in close combat. Finally, they embarked on missions. ABOVE: Necmettin Bektöre, age 12, and Dorothy H. Cox, architect of the expedition, washing an amphora that she had just excavated at Gordion, 1951. Gordion Archive image #45986. Photograph by Robert Stevens. RIGHT: Rodney Young managed the Greek desk at the OSS in Cairo. Courtesy National Archives, Record Group 226. 70 EXPEDITION Volume 57 Number 3 OSS psychologists rated the on page 73), an archeologist archaeologists’ ability to perform at Penn’s excavations at under stress. Tey recommended Kourion (Cyprus) initially Young and Dorothy Cox, the managed Cyprus from the architect at the Troy excavations, dig house of Main Line wholeheartedly. Young had already Philadelphian George recommended Cox himself. Like the McFadden, who ferried best spies, Cox did not draw atten- spies from Alexandria to tion to herself. Loyal, cooperative, Cyprus on his schooner, and reliable, her work compared “fa- Samothrace. Archaeologists vorably” with that of the top men. from the Agora excavations Tey worked well with her, accepted in Athens, such as Sterling her as an equal, and respected her Dow, Virginia Grace, position and judgment. Other Margaret Crosby, Lucy archaeologists appeared problem- Talcott, Alison Frantz, atic: one was too concerned about and Jim Oliver worked in what to do or say if caught; another, Washington, DC, Cairo, excessively secretive, seemed to Alexandria (Egypt), Athens, broadcast that he was a spook. Even Istanbul, and Bari (Italy). so, all were hired. Together they gath- Initially, they planned to employ ered military intelligence archaeology as their cover, but soon to guide US Army Air learned that its overuse by the British Force bombing raids Army—they famously commis- on Hitler’s oilfields in sioned T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) in Romania. Tey reported George McFadden, shown here at work at the WWI— rendered it a ticket to the political intelligence on left wing Penn Museum, transported archaeologist-spies on his schooner, Samothrace. UPM image #48049 firing squad. So they scrambled for guerrillas, an important corrective postings as visiting professors, relief since royalist British intelligence workers, and military or commer- favored returning an unwanted cial attachés in that hotbed of spies, king to Greece. Meanwhile, they died that same month (see “From neutral Turkey. collected economic intelligence to the Archives” in this issue). Rodney Months after Rommel’s assault on guide postwar reconstruction. Tey Young succeeded him at Gordion Egypt, Young set up the hub for the delighted in “Operation Honey- and at Penn. By Young’s side at Greek Desk in Cairo. Tere, in 1943, moon,” one of their dishier mis- Gordion and also in Afghanistan was Young conjured covert missions, such sions (recounted in Classical Spies), none other than Dorothy Cox. Ä as “Oracle,” “Phalanx,” and “Pericles.” but mostly they itched to get back Fellow archaeologists fanned out to excavating in Greece. Susan Heuck Allen is a Visiting to Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, and After the war, in December Scholar in classics at Brown Egypt. Tose from the University of 1948, Pete Daniel—Penn Assistant University and author of Classical Cincinnati excavations at Troy, such Professor and Curator of the Medi- Spies: American Archaeologists as Jerry Sperling, Jack Caskey, and terranean Section at the Museum— with the OSS in WWII Greece, and Dorothy Cox worked in the Turkish and Rodney Young traveled to Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank cities of Istanbul and Izmir. John Turkey and decided to excavate the Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann Franklin “Pete” Daniel III (see photo site of Gordion. Tragically, Daniels at Hisarlik. EXPEDITION Winter 2015 71.
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