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A Further Distribution Record of the Genus Cobitis

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A Further Distribution Record of the Genus Cobitis ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2020) 50 (4): 481–488 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02835 A FURTHER DISTRIBUTION RECORD OF THE GENUS COBITIS (ACTINOPTERYGII: CYPRINIFORMES: COBITIDAE) IN IRANIAN INLAND WATERS WITH A NOTE ON ITS ZOOGEOGRAPHIC IMPORTANCE IN THE URMIA LAKE BASIN Soheil EAGDERI *1, Nasrin NIKMEHR 1, Hamid Reza ESMAEILI 2, and Erdoğan ÇIÇEK 3 1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 2 Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey Eagderi S., Nikmehr N., Esmaeili H.R., Çiçek E. 2020. A further distribution record of the genus Cobitis (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) in Iranian inland waters with a note on its zoogeographic importance in the Urmia Lake basin. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 50 (4): 481–488. Abstract. This study reports the presence of the genus Cobitis in the Zarrineh River, Urmia Lake basin, Iran. Its taxonomy is clarified and zoogeography of Urmia basin is discussed. This study provides morphological characteristics, mtDNA COI barcode sequences of the collected Cobitis specimens and analyses phylogenetic relation within the members of this genus in Iran. The results revealed that morphometric and molecular (COI) characters of the collected Cobitis specimens are largely overlapping or completely identical with those of Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh et Esmaeili, 2017. Sequences of C. saniae from the Urmia Lake Basin clustered with published sequences of C. saniae showing a K2P genetic distance of 0.76% to the population from the Caspian Sea basin. This record shows a range extension of this species toward the western part of Iran. Based on first record ofC. saniae from the Zarrineh River, the ichthyofauna of the Urmia Lake basin includes 30 species. The presence of C. saniae in Urmia Lake basins reveals the past connection of this basin with the Caspian Sea basin. Keywords: taxonomy, morphology, spined loach, distribution INTRODUCTION (Gambetta’s zones 1–4), sexual dimorphism (males have Members of the genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 represent 1–2 Canestrini’s scales on the dorsal surface of the anterior one of the most widely distributed Palearctic fish groups, pectoral fin rays), suborbital spine morphology, barbel primary freshwater (Freyhof et al. 2018) with four valid and mental lobe morphology (Menon 1992, Kottelat and species in Iran (Joulade-Roudbar et al. 2017, Eagderi et Freyhof 2007). In addition to morphological identification, al. 2017a, 2017b; Freyhof et al. 2018), including Cobitis mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differentiation, known as linea (Heckel, 1849) from the Kor River and upper Kol DNA barcoding, plays an important role in taxonomic River drainages, Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, studies and phylogenetic inferences (Yang et al. 2010). The Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger et Freyhof, 2015, occurring purpose of DNA barcoding, based on partial COI sequence, in the Karkheh and Karun, two sub-tributaries of the Tigris is to improve the identification of species and to discover River drainage, Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil′eva, new species, and it has been used successfully for Vatandoust et Vasil′ev, 2011 from the eastern part of the delimitation of species in more than 90% of animal species Iranian Caspian Sea and Namak Lake basins, and Cobitis studied (Ward et al. 2005, Hubert et al. 2008). saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh et We collected spined loaches of the genus Cobitis Esmaeili, 2017 from the western part of the Caspian Sea from the Zarrineh River, Urmia Lake basin, Iran in basin (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015, Eagderi et al. 2017a, 2016. Therefore, this study was aimed to report for the 2017b, Esmaeili et al. 2018). The species of the genus first-time presence of the genus Cobitis in Urmia Lake Cobitis are identified based on diagnostic characters of basin and clarify its taxonomic status by providing the color pattern including black spots at the caudal-fin morphological characteristics, mtDNA COI barcode base and four longitudinal pigment zones on the flank sequences and revealing its phylogenetic relation with * Correspondence: Dr Soheil Eagderi, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, PO Box: 31587-77871, Iran, phone: (+98) 9396954207, e-mail: (SE) [email protected], (NN) [email protected], (HRE) [email protected], (EC) [email protected]. 482 Eagderi et al. the members of the genus Cobitis in Iran with a note on (SL) was measured from the tip of the snout to the end of its zoogeographic importance. the hypural complex. The length of the caudal peduncle was measured from behind the base of the last anal-fin ray MATERIALS AND METHODS to the end of the hypural complex, at mid-height of the Five specimens of the genus Cobitis were collected caudal-fin base. The percentage ratios of morphometric from the Zarrineh River, Urmia Lake basin, Kurdistan characters in relations to SL and HL were calculated. The Province, Iran in May 2016 by electrofishing device. After terminology of the pigmentation pattern follows Kottelat anesthesia, the fin clips of two specimens were fixed in and Freyhof (2007). 96% ethanol for molecular studies and all specimens were DNA extraction and PCR. DNA was extracted from the preserved in 5% buffered formaldehyde. collected pectoral-fin tissues using a modified phenol- Morphological analysis. A total of 32 morphometric chloroform method (Sambrook et al. 1989). The COI gene characteristics were measured by a digital caliper to the was amplified using primers FCOI20 (5′-AACCTCTG nearest 0.01 mm (Table 1), then percentage ratios of the TCTTCGGGGCTA-3′) and RCOI20III (5′-TTGAGCC morphometric characters in relations to SL and HL were TCCGTGAAGTGTG-3′) (Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al. calculated. All measurements were made point to point 2012). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions were as based on Kottelat and Freyhof (2007). The standard length follows: a 50 μL final reaction volume containing 5 μL of Table 1 Morphometric data of Cobitis saniae from Urmia lake basin (IMNRF-UT-1093-16; n = 5) and Caspian Sea basin (IMNRF-UT-1093, n = 15) C. saniae C. saniae Urmia Lake Caspian Sea Character Range Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Standard length [mm] 52.3–70.7 49.2–85.6 In percent of standard length Body depth at dorsal fin origin 15.1–18.1 16.2 ± 1.7 14.6–16.6 15.6 ± 0.8 Caudal peduncle depth 9.6–10.2 9.9 ± 0.3 9.1–11.0 10.0 ± 0.5 Predorsal length 50.9–51.6 51.3 ± 0.4 50.0–54.4 52.0 ± 0.8 Postdorsal length 34.3–40.8 36.8 ± 1.9 45.6–49.9 48.6 ± 1 Prepelvic length 50.1–54.5 52.2 ± 2.2 51.6–57.0 54.6 ± 2.0 Preanal length 78.4–79.5 79.0 ± 0.6 79.6–81.7 80.5 ± 0.6 Caudal peduncle length 12.7–17.3 14.7 ± 2.4 12.3–15.6 14.1 ± 1.1 Dorsal-fin base length 14.0–15.4 14.8 ± 0.8 12.5–16.6 13.4 ± 0.8 Dorsal-fin depth 4.4–7.0 6.2 ± 1.4 5.8–7.1 6.5 ± 0.4 Anal-fin base length 8.9–11.4 8.4 ± 2.3 10.9–12.8 11.7 ± 0.5 Anal-fin depth 10.7–14.3 12.3 ± 1.4 10.6–12.8 12.1 ± 0.9 Pectoral fin length 9.6–14.4 12.1 ± 1.2 10.6–12.8 11.4 ± 0.7 Pelvic fin length 12.2–16.9 14.8 ± 2.4 10.6–12.8 11.5 ± 1.1 Distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin origins 30.4–36.9 33.7 ± 3.3 32.6–36.6 34.0 ± 1.1 Distance between pelvic and anal-fin origins 26.4–28.1 27.2 ± 0.9 23.6–28.7 25.4 ± 1.6 Body width at dorsal fin origin 7.1–9.2 7.7 ± 0.8 8.9–11.0 9.9 ± 0.5 Caudal peduncle width 1.9–3.1 2.6 ± 0.6 1.6–3.0 2.2 ± 0.5 Head length (HL) 17.9–18.9 18.4 ± 0.5 16.4–21.0 18.0 ± 1.2 In percent of head length Snout length 29.8–42.4 36.3 ± 6.3 37.7–45.3 41 ± 3.6 Horizontal eye diameter 9.9–16.2 13.6 ± 3.3 12.3–17.5 13.3 ± 1.4 Postorbital distance 53.4–56.8 55.3 ± 1.7 48.3–58.4 51.6 ± 3.9 Head depth at nape 61.8–65.7 63.9 ± 1.9 62–76.1 68.4 ± 5.6 Head depth at eye 48.1–56.8 53.5 ± 4.7 54.0–63.6 59.2 ± 2.5 Dorsal head length 78.8–87.4 83.4 ± 4.3 77.8–91.0 83.2 ± 4.8 Head width at nape 46.6–51.5 48.8 ± 2.5 48.1–61.0 53.6 ± 5.1 Interorbital distance 21.1–26.3 24.2 ± 2.8 20.6–25.0 22.3 ± 1.9 Internasal distance 19.1–20.2 19.8 ± 0.6 15.1–20.3 17.5 ± 1.8 Mouth width 16.8–22.2 20.4 ± 3.1 16.6–22.5 20.4 ± 2.4 Inner rostral barbel length 11.0–17.9 15.3 ± 2.5 9.4–12.6 10.4 ± 1.5 Outer rostral barbel length 18.2–21.4 20.2 ± 1.8 9.7–16.2 12.8 ± 3.3 Maxillary barbel length 14.3–22.2 20.2 ± 2.0 9.6–18.1 12.5 ± 3.6 First record of Cobitis from Urmia Lake basin, Iran 483 10X Taq polymerase buffer, 1 μL of (50 mM) MgCl2, 1 μL software.
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