THE COMMUNIST PARTY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

16 King Street. London, W.C.2.

Telephone : TEMplr Bar 2151.55 Secrersq : H. Pollin Teleg

London DZs-krict .

Dear Betty,

Will you check for me what is known about a

man called Fred Ga~nseywho was a bricklayer and

a member in Battersea.

Could the Battersea comrades be asked why he

left the Party and anything they may how about

him and his personal contacts. Yours frat ernally,

STALINISTS SPYING ON THE LEFT BANKS: THE MONEY FOUNTAIN JOHN NEWMAN AND JFK SCOTTGATE

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Independent News Collective Lobster is a member of INK, o loose ossociotio17 of inc/ependent ond olternotive puhlicotions which co-operafe on distribtttion ondpttb/icit.y matters. INK Ioztnches oflcially in November wit??a joint s~tbscl-Q)tior?ofler, o website, ond the puhlica~ionofopilot list ofnewsagents wlzo stock at least hilo INK titles ond corly lhe INK logo. Lobster 96 Page 2 In the 1950s, a network of dedicated In 1951 a young man called Ian, from acted as spies in the labour movement informers secretly kept tabs on the Left in Wavertreein Liverpool,wrote to a comrade since the pre-war days. . . . Such activities Britain. They weren't working for the called Vic about the Labour League of can and must be rooted out in this as in Special Branch, MI5 or the CIA. Their Youth(LLY) on Merseyside: other countries . . .'3 instructions came from the Central Organisation Department of the British "I am now on a personal friendly basis The Trotskyists and "Titoites" of Communist Party. with members of the LLY from at least five Merseyside weren't the only cause for different branches on Merseyside - you concern. In 1953 the Teeside district Charlie Potiins know, to the extent that I am going round secretary reported coming across an to the sec. of one of the branches next organisation called Common Cause in Tuesday for tea and we are then having (at West Hartlepool.4 He enclosed a his request) a long talk about the past and duplicated bulletin it had produced for a present policies of the CP. . .' meeting on "Stalin's fascist imperialism", denouncing the Communist Party as "a "Ofthesebranches, Birkenheadand Walton treacherous conspiracy". are completely dominated by the Trotsky organisation together with unorganised Advertised speakers included Rupert Speir, Titoist elements. While Bootle, Princes Park theTory MP for Hexham, and "C.A.Smith, are run by Catholic Action and the MA, PhD, BSc (Econ.)", whom it mentioned Trotskyite groupings are confined to only had been "Dux prizewinner at the local one or two members, Wavertree LLY is run secondary school', rowed for King's by the very reactionary Labour College, Newcastle, graduated in constituency party and it isvery difficult to philosophy, become national chairman of carry on discussions.' the ILP, and was now general secretary of Common Cause, "the new non-party anti- lanestimated that Birkenhead, Walton and communist organisation.'5 Bootle had up to 28 members apiece. He described their "pseudo-Marxist education' "There is nothing very much for us to add. and activities, and named names. On . .', the Central Organisation Department Bootle: "The Trotskyite responsible for the (aka Betty Reid) replied, "C.A. Smith has a Trotskyite fraction for work in this branch long record of Trotskyist activities and is a is Bill Fletcher, who is I believe incidentally bitter anti-Soviet propagandist. . .'6 a renegade from the YCL'. On 1 January 1954 the Holiday Friendship "TheTrotskyitegroupcontrols the ""Rally' Service advertised in "Tribune' offering the organ of Birkenhead LLY having at trips in Bulgaria and the Russian zone of least four out the seven members of the ~ustria.Communist Party members were editorial board - those members being . . asked to lookinto this. Oneof themdutifully .(gives names). ... The editor Alan Giles is attended a meeting in Swansea, where "a however not I think a Trotskyist but is a youngwomancalled Misssmith, ageabout Titoist who gets most of his line from 25, a most unnatural manner," "come Yugoslav Fortnightly and the Anglo- hither"" eyes' answered questions and Yugoslav Friendship. 1 discussed arrangements for holidays in Bulgaria. The report was forwarded to "Titoism" was a serious charge. Laszlo headquarters by Bill Alexander, of the Rajk, Hungarian Communist Party leader Welsh district committee, which was and Spanish Civil War veteran, had been thanked for being first to respond to the executed as a "Titoist'in 1949. The British Party's request.7Phil Piratin, former Communist Party published "Tito's Plot Communist MP for Mile End, wrote to Against Europe' (1950), by Derek Kartun, Peter Kerrigan (CP industrial organiser) and James Klugman's "From Trotsky to about a man called C.Ford who was Tito" (1951).Konni Zilliacus, MP, expelled working for the Amalgamated Engineering by Labour as a "fellow-traveller", had Union: "At a talk hegave to an organisation written for R.Palme-Dutt's Labour recently where he expressed quite Monthly, and his book Dragon's Teeth was reactionary views, he also mentioned that recommended by it in July 1949. In the he had contacts incountries likeYugoslavia December 1949 issue Ivor Montagu and Bulgaria. Hesaid that hewas arranging attacked Zilliacus for siding with the a holiday visit to Bulgaria this year. That is Yugoslavs, and during the 1952 Prague all theinformation I have. It may bethat he trials theGateshead MP was denounced as is connected with one of the-friendship an "imperialist agent", "one of the most organisations, in which case the sooner experienced agents in British intelIigenceU.2 they get to know about him the better.'8

CzechCP general secretary Rudolf Slansky On 11April 1954 theMovement for Colonial and his co-defendents were "found guilty Freedom was formed. A five-page report of spying and sabotage for the US and its for the Communist Party detailed its aims, satellites,' wrote Monty Johnstone in the officers, and sponsors, who included Tony Young Communist League's monthly, Benn, Sir Richard Acland, Walter Padley Challenge. "Many were shown to have MP, Reverend Donald Soper, Cannon

Lobster 96 Page 3 Collins, DameSybil Thorndyke, and among Labour Party and fight for their policy the names involved had to be checked out. union leaders, Bob Edwards, Jack Stanley within its ranks'. On4 June 1954, Reid asked Betty Matthews and. Jim Mortimer. Femer Brockway was of London District Committee: "Will you elected chairman, and the council included In a Sunday newspaper article defending check for me what is known about a man Jennie Lee, Leslie Plummer, Tony Bern the refusal of political asylum to an called Fred Garnsey who was a bricklayer and Canon Collins. American professor, Dr. Cort, Home and a member in Battersea. Could the Secretary Herbert Morrison remarked that Battersea comrades be asked why he left Claiming the support for the colonial Labour had refused to admit Leon Trotsky the Party and anything they may know peoples was "a tribute to the stimulating in 1930, out of considerationfor its relations about him and his personal contacts." effect of the Daily Worker and the activity with theSoviet Government. Michael Foot, of the ~ornmunistParty, 'the report adds: writing in Tribune, asked: 'What in J. Evans of Battersea responded tersely: "However, this new movement has no clear heaven's name is the National Executive "Garnsey is over 70 years of age, secretary policy on the nature of the common fight trying to achieve by this rigmarole? Are of AUBTW branch. All his contacts are r with the colonial peoples, and there are they attempting toappease the NKVDand wing and Trotskyite sympathisers like ex- extremely dubious elements in the theun-American Activities Committeeby CP Alf Loughton (Trot),JE Lanejnr,Trotor leadership."9 the same single act?'. 11 Trot sympathy, J.Wix Trot. Don't even know he was ever in Party."l5 This sour note may have been induced by On May Day 1954 someone sat down to the prominence of former ILP members pen a "Report on Trots' quoting an Dennis Goodwin reported on a worker like Brockway, Bob Edwards, Walter interview with Ron Halverson, in Enfield, called Brace. Padley and Dick Beech. Jack Stanley, leader and information from "Doug M.' in south of the Constructional Engineering Union, London,, and "Mac.' in north-west London. "Dear Betty, was working with the Trotskyists on the Dealing with various AEU stewards and editorial board of "Socialist Outlook". A Labour councillors associated with Regarding Brace, according to our "Socialist Outlook" meeting at Holbom "Socialist Outlook", it also noted in comrades this man was associated for a Hall on Sunday, 19 October, 1952, at which passing:"The congress delegatefromNeath considerable period with the Anarchists the main speakers were editor John who was put up by a friend of Doug's and was a member of the Central No.1 Lawrence and Gerry Healy, was thesubject alleged that Homer was losing influence branch of the ETU. of a detailed report.10 among miners because of his drinking and private life. Should be noted that there are He is now said to be working in the Docks In April 1954 the Communist Party's Trots in Neath."lZ [Arthur Homer(1894- having left the electrical industry and is "World News and Views' ran two articles 1968), a founder member of the CP, was working as a docker and is in touch with by someone called Barry McKaig on elected South Wales miners'president in and probably working with Constable. He 'Trotskyism in the Labour Party'. Basing 1936, and became general secretary of the is said to have contact with our lads on the himself on the Moscow Trials and the National Union of Mineworkers in 1946. various contracting jobs when he was in thoughts of Comrade Stalin, the writer "He was a likeable character, with friends the electrical work and was always declared: "Contemporary Trotskyismisnot who had little sympathy with his prepared to have a go with us but always a political tendency in the working class, communistviews' (Chambers Biographical expressed a narking criticism of the but an unprincipled band of wreckers.... in Dictionary). Some miners didn't like Party."l6 the hire of intelligence service organs of Horner's suport for productivity drives.] foreign States". On 16 June Bert Pearce of the CP's In response to a note from Reid, Eddie Birmingham city committee wrote to Mick After this, he got down to his real business; Marsden, a Party member in the Bennett at King Street, forwarding a three- naming names, of people associated with Constructional Engineeringunion, said he page report on the stormy "Socialist "Socialist Outlook" who were former and someone called Bobby had had a chat Outlook'shareholders" meetingwhich had members of theRevolutionary Communist with Jack Stanley. "We are not properly taken place in London a few weeks Party. "Mr Healy is, of course, one of the aware, other than the article in WN, as to previously. Someone had pulled a knife on best knownof postwarTrotskyists ...Mr. C. what is thought of SO and its E. board, but John Lawrence before the meeting started, VanGelderen, aSouth African, has featured JS did tell me they had made a number of and speakers had been barracked. Gerry in Socialist Outlook ...was a member of the changes. . .' Marsden thought Stanley was Healv's supporters, described as "the ExecutiveCommitteeof the Revolutionary not politically sophisticated, "he might be Trotskyite elements", had battled John Socialist League and youth organiser. fooled' by the Trotskyites "and this is 1.awrence's faction for control of the paper. Another contributor to Socialist Outlook is probably what is taking place."l3 Theinformant, a BirminghamLabourParty Mr. W. Hunter, who was a contributor to member, described background conflict in Socialist Appeal and a London Divisional Betty Reid commented: "I was a little the labour movement in Birmingham.17 Organiser of the ILP in 1944. (He was ILP disturbed by this note about Stanley.In the Industrial Organiser in London). first place I should have thought the two The "Central Organisation Department" articles were quite clear (if I may say so) (i.e.Betty Reid) thanked cde. Pearce for his Labour's National Executive Committee and explicit on thecharacter ofthe Editorial report - "very helpful indeed and fuller took up the chase in a circular to Labour board. Moreover since they were written than the other points we had on the same Party members; 'While prominent the shift of emphasis has been to a quite affair" - and said any further material he members of the Labour Party have open and explicit and very unpleasant could send would be welcome. contributed to this journal (Socialist Trotskyist line which is not in any way Outlook) a number of its regular concealed, and therefore now there is much "I think thereis just one point on thereport contributors are known for their previous less justification thanbefore for being taken which youshould bear inmind,'she added. association with the Trotskyist in."14 "The battle is not one between Trotskyists Revolutionary Communist Party. The and non-Trotskyists, but between two Revolutionary Communist Party dissolved When a group called the Workers League separate sections equally suspect, one of in 1949 and advised its members to join the advertised a meetingintheSocialistLeader, whom has a more subtle and "non-

Lobster 96 Page 4 sectarian" line than the other. We should another Communist Party member had he is prepared to give us and the fight that not have any illusions about the former urged him to stay in for the moment, and he puts up on policy questions inside the Editor and his supporters . . ."I8 help build opposition to German re- union are developments worth noting." 22 armament, with Labour's annual Trotsky's Fourth International, deprived conference coming up. Johnstone agreed. A report "On Trotskyism and Trotskyists of its founder and many leading cadres, "I raised in this connection the question of in Lancs. and Cheshire' by the CP District was unsure what to make of the post-war his supplying us with information on Committee for the region, marked "Private world, and the Cold War. Lawrence had Trotskyist activities." Although Shaw was and Highly Confidential', dated October become the leading British advocate for reluctant to engage in "spying", he agreed 1954, reviewed Trotskyist activity from Michael Raptis (Pab1o)'s view; that to pass on anything he heard. 1944, mentioning strikes in Barrow and confronted with imperialist war Salford,and notingl'efforts towininfluence preparations, and under mass pressure, Johnstone reported what he had gleaned amongst the Colonial people particularly the Soviet bureaucracy could reform itself, about "theGroupl and itsleaders, the split, in the Moss Side area of Manchester and and thecorninformbecome a revolutionary and who was with whom. His report also the Exchange division of Liverpool." leadership. The job of Trotskyists, it dealt with the people publishing "Rally' in followed,was to get closer to their erstwhile Liverpool, mentioning that Paddy Wall It said the Trotskyists "were able to cause Stalinist opponents, and provide an was a member according to Shaw, and that some confusion, especially amongst the ideological shove. they were associated with Ted Grant African workers. A Manchester cafe (whom he mistakenlythought was running proprietor, a Nigerian with considerable The British Communist Party leadership New Park Publications, in fact run by wealth, Mr. Mcconnan, was and still is the had obtained Trotskyist internal Healy). One recent development noted in leading light in this connection. The documents, including resolutions from the report: "About seven weeks ago the difficulties created for us on the occasionof Latin America accusing Pablo's opponents, Lawrence Group was expelled from the Robeson's last visit was without a doubt particularly theveteran UsTrotskyistJames Fourth International, of which -up till then due to the work of the RCP and this man Ca~on,of "Stalinophobia", desertion in -they were theofficial Britishsection.Shaw Mccoman."23 the face of "Yankee imperialism", and does not know the reasons."21 acting as "left spokesman of the anti- The report voiced "strong suspicions that communist campaign led by the State Shaw said Pablo had boasted on a visit to Frank Allaun, anex-member of the Party in Department."l9 England that his supporters were gaining Manchester, at one time Secretary of the important positions in the Communist Openshaw branch was very closely The Brazilians concluded their resolution Parties in France and Italy, and in the West connected with the RCP and a strong (January 1954) with a resounding "Long German Social Democrats. Lawrence had advocate of the line of working in the Live the Fourth International! Long Live told Shaw there were no Trotskyists in the Labour Party. . . . He was however very Trotskyism!". But at ameeting on2October British Communist Party, but his group careful of direct public association."24 1954, attended by a delegate from the would not oppose individuals joining. American Socialist Union (formed by An appendix listed known or suspected IJabloites expelled from Cannon's SWP), Shaw estimated that of 150 delegates Trotskyists, with their addresses, Lawrence declared (according to a report attending the Labour League of Youth occupations, and brief notes. Joe Pawsey, for the CP) that Trotskyism was "dead as a Easter conference, nearly 100 were in one of Smedley Road, Cheetham "has contacts doornail".20 or other Trotskyitefaction.WhenTransport with the Labour Party in Salford through a House threatened to disband the LLOY if ward secretary with Trotskyist views, a Proposals were made to break with the certain resolutions were passed, there had Mr.D.Carping , who we are at present FourthIntemational, remain in the Labour been an "emergency' meeting of groups, checking up on'. The report said enquiries Party, but work withthecommunist Party, leading to a decision to withdraw the were continuing into some people. "Bob with the perspective of a united front resolutions, but keep up some liaison in Leeson may be able to throw some light' on between Labour's Bevanites and the CP; to future. the Penfolds, a Longsight couple. support the peace movement and friendship with the Soviet Union. The "WhenIseeShaw next Ishall haveextracted Bob Leeson, who had joined the CP in 1950, Lawrence group would meet again in names of LLOY members from conference said Bert Penfold and his wife had been November to decide on these proposals, reports etc. and will ask him which are in active in Wandsworth before coming to and d~ssolveitself. Trotskyist groups,' Johnstone promised. Manchester, where they organised Ardwick LLOY on a "purely social" basis The Communist Party's information came Another Communist Party member with 150 members. "Penfold and his wife via several routes. At the end of August reported that he had been discussing with seemed to want to give the impression that 1954, Monty Johnstone reported on John Goffe "for the last two years". Goffe, their "Trotskyist days were past.' discussions with Ron Shaw, a member of a Trotskyist since pre-war days, and the Labour League of Youth in Clapton, supporter of Lawrence's tendency, had Leeson had attended the 1949Labouryouth east London. "He is anxious to join the become a Labour councillor inCamberwel1, rally at Fileyas a delegate fromNorthwich, Party and YCL and says that his last and was active in the shopworkers' union, incheshire.A campaignhad been launched differences with us have now been cleared USDAW. "We reached agreement on policy for LP youth sections to have national up. From our discussion which incIuded points for the annual gathering, dealing status. He had told Trevor Park, a Bury with wages, trade union organisation and the htmwTrials and Trotsky'slinkswith delegate, that if this failed he intended the Fascists (on which he was previously the decline of membership, colonial quitting Labour for the Communist Party. not convinced) this seems in general to be questions and foreign policy in general. . . Several people tried to dissuade him. true. . . I promised him Stalin's 1937report We also reached agreement on the panel of on Trotsky~sm." names to submit for the Labour Party "Banda's wife told me that after she left the conference and the TUC, as well as the Communist Party in 1947 on political Shaw had just won his case against women's sections . . .his willingness to grounds she was "shadowed by the Party expulsion from the Labour Party, and hold discussions with us, the information Security Department for six monthsn.25

Lobster 96 Page 5 On the National Status Committee in the BRANDON. from Birkenhead. A docker the clipping found its way to Betty Reid's Manchester area were Trevor Park, Ted dismissed from the industry some time desk, and she alerted the secretary of the Morris from Wythenshawe, and Frank ago, known to be in contact with the CP East Midlands District Committee:. Hallas from Salford. Leeson claimed Park Trotskyists."29 "obligingly gave me all the details of "Dear Mick, Morris's and Hallas disruptive activity in It was not only Trotskyists who were the Chemical Workers Union and TGWU. watched. Areport at this time from "Dennis You may be interested to know that a man Hallas admitted (or rather boasted) that G."'(Goodwin?) named a Blue union officer called Edmund Mardell who has been a during anelectionin the Chemical Workers called Newman "said to have T Labour councillor in Enfield has been Union the Trotskyists "forged 2000 votes connections", and several London transferred to become the station master at in order to stop the Communist candidates dockworkers, including: Appleby.You mightwatchout for hisname being elected."26 in the Labour movement because he is one "Daniels - Party member, clerk, Transport of the Trotskyists who has been active On 7 October 1954, Monty Johnstone and General. Disrupter in Poplar Party 3 or there.I134 produced another report, based on 4 years ago. Probably up for expulsion. conversations with his informer: so-and- Should be watched. Theattitudeof Communist Party members so was "back with the Trotskyists'; CLR asked to report on fellow-workers varied. James wasbackin Britain; there was "quite Dennis O'Hearn - Party member. Close to The terse replies given by some seasoned a nest of Trotskyists in Richmond and Daniels. Stepney. Was Party councillor in militants suggest they had better things to Barnes. . . C.van Gelderen who spoke on Stepney. do. Others were more dedicated, or found the colonies at the LP conference - reported it a lark. On 26 August, 1954, Michael Foot in the DW - is one of them; "Phil Sheridan, Timothy - Who tore up his Party card. Only spoke at a London meeting protesting the Lawrencegroupmember inclapton LLOY, joined Party6 months ago. Very anti-Party. Labour Party's ban on Socialist Outlook. has recently married Kath . . . daughter of Probably quite genuine."30 Taking notes for the Communist Party Peggy Duff, business manager of Tribune. ("Loudest applauseof all for Foot, basically Michael Foot and others attended the A report on the docks from Phil Stevens in because he was the best turn") was someone wedding and gave presents. . ."27 December 1954 gave brief notes on over a whosigned him-or-herself "JT0,35and was dozen workers, e.g.: at it again later that year. Johnstone also noted: "Harry Constable, London docker, former Oehlerite, is one of "Sandy Powell MRA Chairman Peace "FROM YOUR AGENT-AT-LARGE 31st the most out-and-out Trotskyists in Committee,exec. dockers section NASDU, Oa.1954 Healey's (sic) group. Reads DW (Most MRA boys do), gets some Party support.. .Possible source of leakage During the course of a very short visit to "Birkenhead Unofficial Port Workers to the Press. Liverpool onOct.27/28 I learnt incourse of Committee apparently affiliated en bloc to conversation with Les Parrington, the Fourth International and were Fred Marrel, ILP . . .Sec. port workers' bookshop manager, that REVOLT is being represented (their representative differed committee, very anti-Party, sells Socialist pushed by hvo ex-p.m., Eric Heffer, a from meeting to meting) on the national Leader. "Welwyn" character, and 1.P.Hughes (? committee of the British section when it left or expelled in the 1930s.) They are was united."28 Bert Aylward, Trot. ex-CP, Surrey Docks, connected with McShane. The exec NASTU Ships Clerks Liaison "progressive" opposition to Bessie Hoping to get into the good books of the Committee, speaks at meetings. . .Charlie Braddock in the Exchange Divisionis made Transport and General Workers Union his brother. up of Trots. (which had a ban on Communists holding office), the Communist Party leadership Bill Johnson from Birkenhead, . . .lead men Syd A. had the shock of his life when he viewed withanxiety thegrowingunofficial into Blue Union.. ..John Cavener, suspect innocently entered the shop to buy lit. and movement, and talk among dockers of Trot,. ..PortWorkersCommittee.. .Harold found agent J.T. sitting there gazing at him switching to the National Amalgamated Bartholomew, suspect Trot., NASTU, . .ex- reproachfully. He said he had sworn to let Stevadores and Dockers(NAS&D) or CP. ."31 Betty have ALL by Thursday morning (4th "Blue" Union (from the colour of its Nov.) "36 membership card, not its politics!)" During the 1955 "Blue Union" strike the Communist Party opposed recognition of "Agent-at-large" JT reported what he had A report dated 15September 1954 listed as the NAS&D in the northern ports, but learnt from a contact on the fringe of the "Active among Hull dockers for the ordinary TGWU members, including Socialist Outlook split, concerning share- Transfer to NASD: Communist Party dockers, would not cross buying and proxy votes rather than the picket lines. However, the "Blue Union" political issues. His report the following "MURPHY. Known Trotskyite. Runs a was forced to retreat by TUC pressure, month was headed: small business, believed to be a poultry invoking the Bridlington agreement.32 farm. "THE BETTER THE DAY, THE BETTER It seems no tit-bit was too small for the net. THE DEED SHAW. A member of USDAW from From Surrey, Syd French (later to be a London. Expelled from the Party in founder of the "tankie" New Communist On the occasion of the 37th. anniversary of Yorkshire for Trotskyism. Spent his holiday Party) wrote in a note about the Labour the Great October Socialist Revolution, I in Hull. Party agent in Merton being a former engaged personally in light conversation Trotskyist.33 MR.JACK STANLEY. I elicited from him JOHNSON. Engaged in Trotskyist activity the following . . .' among the dockers in Birkenhead. When a local newspaper in Enfield reported in September 1954 that a Labour co~cillor, Stanley was battling with Labour Party PENNINGTON. A Trotskyite from Leeds. a railway clerk, was moving to Lincolnshire, secretary MorganPhilipps to establish that

Lobster 96 Page 6 the proscription agaist Socialist Outlook 3. ad'%e* loJanuary 1953. quoted Black~p.250 for Salford East (1955-83). Helped organise fixst Aldermaston march, remained active CND. did not 'Over of the Labour 4. Letter to Central Organisation Dept., 7 July 1953 Publishing Society, as it was not mentioned 25. Some Information on Trotskyist Activities 1949- 5. Special Bulletin issued for meeting 30 January 1953 typewritten four pages, by Bob Leeson. by name. ff~nywaythere is no money to 4°C- """' pay out, so the members can't get rid of 26. On Chemical Workers Union, see Shirley Lerner, their shares." 6. &D~V. , from Bettv Reid, 15 -,lulv 1953 "Breakawav Unions and the Small Trades Union" (1961).The;'ballot-rigging" story (ironically,three 7. Handwritten report sent withcovering letter from yearsbefore the ETU case) seems to have been just There was trouble over the libel action BdAlewnder26 ~~b~~~ 1954, reply gossip. brought bv Godfrev Philiuus, the tobacco Reid th-~ district, 1March 1954. "2 . . firm, over an article. Socialist Outlook had 27. Peggy Duff, whose journalist husband had been Letter 24 March 1954 killed reportinga wartime bombing raid, brought been due to print an apology. - but had ceased up three children,sewed as aSt.Pancras councillor, publication^ The only people who could be "Information Statement", dated 6 May 1951. Dick and became secretary of CND. A J Davies, 'To pursued for money were the printers, Beech and Bob Edwards were leaders in the Build a New Jerusalem", (1992); Duff, "Left, Left, Chemical Workers Union. Beech, a former Left" (1971). J.Stafford Thomas. Mrs.Stanley had lent "Wobbly", and member of the CP-led Minority them money for machinery. ~oveknt,had quit the CP for the ILP in 1943. 28. Trotskyists, Monty Johnstone 7 Oct. 1954. See also Edwards had fought in Spain with the ILP notes 16 and 36. contingent, became IL.P national chau 1948, but "We are making plans to bring out was elected Labour MP for Bilston in 1955. 29. Notes on Docks situation personalities, Dennis G. something to replace SO," Stanley had told Sept. 1954. 10. Socialist Outlook was not purely Trotskyist. The him. He was less forthcoming, or report mentions Reg Buch of the AEU taking part 30. Dated 15 September 1954, no name. Hull dockers knowledgable, about the reasons for the in the meeting. Birch left the CP in the early 1960s had come out in August over antiquated and split in the editorial board. to form a Maoist group. dangerous working conditions. On 22 August, dissatisfiedover lackof TGWU support, theyvoted 11. Drawn from "A Lifelong Apprenticeship",by Bill at a mass meeting to apply for membership of the JTconcluded his report: "I hopeHPpassing Hunter, due out this Autumn (1996) from Index/ NASBD. by noticed that I was ON THE JOB". We Porcupine. Hunter was expelled from Islington Labour Party in 1951. The Bevanite Left opposed 31. Report from Phil Stevens on Docks, handwritten, might guess this referred to HarryPolitt.37 expulsions, but some union delegates under CP 4sheets. BertAylward,a BlueUnionmilitantsince influence stayed away from the meehng, so the the 1920s, withConstable in 1305 battle and after. right-wing narrowly got its way. Left the CP because it opposed 1945 dock strike. Unlike the agents of M15, or the KGB, the See Hunter(ibid), Keith Sindair, 'TIow the Blue people who gathered information for the 12. "Report on Trots to 1/5/54", handwritten, signed Union came to Hull Docks" (Hull 1995), John Communist Party were amateurs. They "ED, dated 1/5/54. Jock Haston had obtained McIlroy, "The First Great Battle", in Revolutionary 1,782 votes for the Revolutionary Communist History, Vol6, no. 2/3. (Summer 1996). did their intelligence work as communists, Party in the Neath byelection, 1945. convincing themselves that they were 32. Hunter (ibid). defending the working class, and the cause 13. Letter, undated, probably June 1951. 33. Report from Sid French, September 1954 of peace and socialism, from agents of The 14. Memo from Reid to Peter Kemgan Great Conspiracy.38 34. Note (23 September) from hfield with news 15. Memo from Reid, 4 June 1954. Note from J.Evans. clipping, letter fromcentral Organisation Dept to Not only did their vigilence fail to protect E. Midlands District Committee, marked "by 16. Dennis Goodwin, letter 18 June 1954. Harry hand", 5 October 1954. the Party from real agents (one of whom, Constable, arrested by the Attlee government Betty Gordon, was befriended by Betty under wartime Order 1305, for leading London dockstrike, expelled by theTransportandGeneral 35. "Withdraw the Ban on Socialist Outlook!", Protest Reid, according to Rupert Allason);39 but Workers Union in 1949, but remained a respected Meeting, Holbom HA, WC1, Thurs. 26 Aug 1954, intelligenceconcemingTrotskyistsetc., was figure among dockers. See Bill Hunter, "They signed "r.Michael Foot was editor of Tribune. Knew Why They Fought" (1994). passed to Labour Party officialdom, and 36 Report from JT, 31 October 1954. A conference in used by right-wingers who really were in 17. Bert Pearce, Burningham, letter to Mick Bennet 16 Liverpool on 17-18 July had established a touchwith theintelligenceservicesand the June 1954, with report attached. Federation of Marxist Groups, and adopted CIA.40. "Revolt" as its organ. Labour's Merscyside Voice 18. Reid, letter of thanks, to Bert Pearce, Midlands ("Marxists meet in Liverpool"), August 1954, District Committee, 25 June 1954. mentions FA Ridley, Eric Heffer, Hany McShane Stalinism, as a bureaucratic apparatus and Joe Thomas (London Workers Group) as symbolised by the Wall, has collapsed, its speakers. Heffer, expelled fromCommunist Party in Welwyn Gardencity, had taken up the ideas of heirs as fragmented as their left-wing 20. "Report of meeting called by John Lawrence, of Hugo Oehler, a pre-war heretic opposed to about 50 London supporters, October 2nd 1954'. opponents. Hopefully this article, besides Trotsky's tactic of entry into reformist parties. offering a sidelight on the British labour Lawrence achieved fame as a Labour councillor hoisting the Red Flag on St.Pancras town hall. On Oehlentes came to believe Russia's bureaucratic movement during the Cold War 1950s, 23 November 1958 the Daily Worker reported that degeneration began with Trotsky, rather than may prompt former Communist Party he had joined the Communist Party. Later he Stalin. members who have been examining their became more of an anarchist,and was activein the London May Day Committee. Harry McShane, veteran of pre-war unemployed past (including some to whom we have struggles, and Daily Worker Scottish referred) to tell us more. In the same spirit 21. Report onTrotskylst activity, typewritten7pages, correspondent. During the Korean war the CP of glasnmt, others may come forward with Monty Johnstone 31 August 1951. leadership condemned his Gorbals branch as "adventurist". After row withleadership,McShane a tale to tell, for we needn't suppose the 22. Report of Discussions with John Goffe. resigned, saying the Party had become reformist. contagion of snoopery remained confined (London meeting 1955, reported by AEH for the Labour 23. Ras Makonnen, b. George Thomas Nathaniel Communist Party). to and the CP. If the left is to put its Griffith, in Guyana, adopted his name and Pan house in order, we must clear out the dirt African views after Italian invasion of Ethiopia. 37. The Better the Day, the Better the Deed; report from under all our carpets. During World War 11 opened dub in Manchester, from JTdated November 1954. catered for black GIs, Africans and West Indians. Financed political and legal defence work, helped notes 1945Pan African Congress, close tohkumah and 38. 'TheGreatConspiracy Against Russia",by Michael Kenyatta. Wrote Tan Ahicanismfrom the Inside" Sayers and Albert E. Kahn (New York 1946), a (1973). (See Peter Fryer, "Staying Power", 1984). classicof Stalinist conspiracy theory,stillcirculates among Old Believers - a Bengali edition was 2. Quoted %art Steven 3peratimSplinter Factor"; 24. FrankAllaun, then aDaily Herald journalist, wrote published in 1986 see ahR.BM 'Stalinism in Britain' (1970); an introduction to Bill Tyler's "Letters from Korea", D.Caute, TheFellow Travellers' (1973); Zdliacus' published by Socialist Outlook. L/Cp. Tyler, a 39. Nigel West, "MI5 1945-R", p.62. books rncluded 'I Choose Peace" (1951). 'Tito of Salford man, had been killed in a war he opposed. Yugoslavia" (1952). Allaun became a well-liked left-wing Labour MP 40. Doml and Ramsay, "Smear!" (1991), pp.1516.

Lobster 96 Page 7 Ever since the Nugan Hand Bank affair of With a spate of billion dollar financial The CIA'S Heroin Connection the late seventies, bank crashes have scandals hitting the headlines, 1995wasn't Oneof theearliest scandals was the Nugan followed a slick and familiar template. such a good year for harassed bank Narcotics, trafficking, gun running, CIA Hand Bank affair. Michael Hand, an ex reguiators and shareholders. Calls for CIA operative from the Bronx joined up covert ops., money laundering and fraud tougher regulation of the burgeoning on a massive scale are just some of the with Australianplayboy and inheritor of a financial markets in the wakeof the Daiwa, Mafia fortune, Frank Nugan, in 1973 and ingredients that have sent bank after bank Barings'andotherdebacles were littlemore crashing to its knees. Once the smoke incorporated the Nugan Hand Bank. The than a PR palliative designed to calm the clears, bank depositors and shareholders bank sported an interesting and exclusive nerves of a cynical publicwhostill form the are left picking up the tab. board of directors. President of the bank hard backbone of bank depositors. With was Rear Admiral (ret'd) Earl Yates; former David Guyatt the best will in the world regulators can't chief of the Navy's strategicplanning. Legal keep pace with an evolving and counsel was the CIA's William Colby, and sophisticated money-machine that daily Walter McDonald, former deputy director shuffles upwards of twenty four billion E- of the spook agency was listed as a bucks around the globe in the blink of an consultant. Anin-housecommodity trader eye. on the bank's payroll was also a leading Yet tough regulation even when heroin importer,while Richard Secord, later to be implicated in the Iran-Contra affair, emplaced are easily and regularly evaded. was said to have a business connection. Banking and crime are Cimmerian hand- Seven years later the bank collapsed maidens for the simple reason that banks following the discovery of Frank Nugan's are where the money is. Having access to body slumped in his Mercedes. Clutching the money and being "connected" is the a gun in one hand and sporting a hole name of the game where the stakes are through the head, Nugan was also holding other people's money. This is the dark side a bible that contained an embarrassing list of the financial community, a hidden face of names including William Colby, DCI of that largely goes unreported until, that is, a theCIA, and Bob Wilson, the House Armed major banking scandal hits the front pages. Services Committee's ranking Republican. Squirming under the glare of public Others names listed had a variety of attention successive bank disclosures have backgrounds, ranging from known revealed the sinister connections that narcotics traffickers, politicians and leading banks have with organised crime businessmen to personalities from sport and the media. Beside each name was and the intelligence community. The listed amounts running into five and six money-shuffler's of spooksville need numbers. Following public outrage theUS "black" funds to finance covert operations Senate held an investigation into Nugan and appear happy to exchange guns and Hand's operations. Amongst other things military hardware for dope that is, in turn, it discovered that the bank operated a peddled for dollars used to finance other branch at Chiang Mai, Thailand, heart of black operations. This happy-go-lucky Triad country. The branch was dedicated "Ferris wheel" approach to money-raising to laundering the Golden Triangle's heroin on the part of the intelligence community revenue. Connected to thebank's office by reveals a long history of entanglements an interconnecting door was the DEA's with the Mafia. local office, a that was alsoshared Orga~sedcrime syndicates are now the by the CIA^. single largest business sector on the planet At about the same time that Frank and set to grow. They just love banking. Nugan's skull was developing powder- Having accumulated a staggering $820 bums, Michele Sindona, a free-wheeling billion from investment interest over the financial whiz kid and consigliere for the last decade, the Mafia is now estimated to Sicilian Mafia had purchased and driven to earn$250billionayear from their legitimate !he wall, New York's Franklin National Bank, with losses totalling $40 million - investments.' Dozens of nations who Ranked the 29th largest bank in the US it maintain strict bank secrecy laws are de became the biggest crash on record at that facto providing full banking services to time. Establishing a fictitious company, these mandarins of dirty money. A large Fasco AG in Lichenstein, Sindona was able number of banks are actually owned by to obtain a majority interest in the Italian Mafia syndicates.' Someof the largest and based Banca Privata Finanziera. BPA was most respectable appear content to turn a an excellent acquisition for Sindona for not blind-eye and earn massive commissions only did it have a close relationship to fr~mlaunderin~dirt~mone~.The prudent Britain's blue-chip Hambros Bank, but also image of bankers is just that - an image. had apreferential partnership arrangement Banking survives purely on depositor with Continental Illinois Bank of Chicago, confidence making it the biggest ongoing owned and presided over by David Kennedy - later tobecomeFinanceMinister "confidence trick" the world has ever in the Nixon administration. Continental witnessed. That confidence has been Illinois was later to spectacularly crash in dented by one scandal following on the the mid-eighties, only to be rescued with heels of another. an estimated $4 billion tax dollars.

Lobster 96 Mobsters, Masons and the Italian political scene. institutions, with the men who administer Connection The P-2 and Banco Ambrosiano scandal power ..." Messina went on to add that the broke when Calvi was found "suicided" Mafia's secret association with Masonry is Described by Time Magazine as "the on 17June 1982. With his hands tied behind "an obligatory passage for the Mafia on a greatest Italian since Mussolini", Sindona his back and a rope around his neck, he had world le~el."~~asonry,like the intelligence used his relationship with David Kennedy been suspended from London's Blackfriars community, banking and the Mafia, share to get close to Bishop Paul Marcinkus, head Bridge, in what some saw as a ritual killing. a common interest in secrecy. Similarly of the Vatican Bank, the Institute for Calvi was P2's banker and had been they all have a common interest in money, Religious Works (IOR), and thereafter set involved in embezzling massive sums of especially other people's money. in motion a tangled web of financial fraud money out of his bankand into secretive The "connections" that had been forged that almost brought the IOR to its knees. offshore companies in Lichenstein and and which lay behind Italy's greatest yet His empire rapidly grew pulling a number elsewhere; a number of which were linked banking debaclewere to bere-enacted years of financial institutions into his ownership, to thevatican Bank. P2 was responsible for later in America. By farthegreatest banking that included, in addition to his BPA, the a number of CIA backed political atrocities rip-off of all time, the Savings &Loan scam Banca Unione, the German based Wolf at the time, including the bombing of sees the same cast of players at work. Bank, the Generale Immobiliare, Geneva's Bologna railway station in August 1980, "Something very significant happened Finance Bank and Edilcentro, a finance where 85 innocents were slaughtered - and during our country's savings-and-loan company set up in the Bahamas, New mischievously attributed to left-wing crisis, the greatest financial disaster since York's Franklin National Bank plus 140 terrorists. theGreat Depression. It happened quietly, other companies spread throughout the It took ten years before the real story secretly, without any fanfare and attention. globe. came out. Francesco Mannino ~annonia It happened before our very eyes and we Sindona's connection to the Mafia penitito (defector) from the Sicilian Mafia knew it not. What we missed was the probably dates back to WWll when he confirmed in 19% that Calvi was strangled massive transfer of wealth from the joined in the Mafia preparations for by Francesco di Carlo, the mob's Heroin American taxpayer to a select group of American landings in Sicily. However, it "trafficrnanager" at theinstructionof Pippo extremely rich, powerful people." These wasduring the 1970's that theSicilianMafia Calo, of the Corleone family. We now ominous wordsopened the introduction choose him as their money-man. Four know that Calvi together with Gelli and to Pete Brewton's massively researched years later, in 1974, Don Michele's world Sindona were embezzling the Mafia out of book The MaJia CIA & George Bush - the began collapsing around him. It was later a fortune. Gelli was "handling" a large untold story of America's peatest financial discovered that he had been skimming off sum of money for the Corleonesi, which he deb~cle.~Brewton, an award-winning the mob's narcodollars which he was passed to Calvi who promptly used it to investigativejoumalist, spent tracing charged with laundering. Incarcerated in shore up his failing bank. Smart to the last, the subterranean web of inter-connections prison for his part in the Franklin Bank Gelli helped the mob recover "tens of that sat at the heart of this affair that looted crash Sindona was later found dead in his billions of Lire" beforeboltingout ofsight7. the American tax-payer of close to $1 cell. Adoseof strychninelaced inhiscoffee Despite his best efforts he was eventually trillion. However, there was more to the brought a 25 year sentence to an abrupt arrested in Switzerland, where he had S&L affair than these words portrayed. end6. If Sindona's death was anything it travelled to arrange the secret transfer of was too late. His intimate involvement $120 million of Ambrosiano's lost loot. History's Biggest Ever Scam with another bank that crashed with Bribing a guard with $20,000.00 he massive losses was to have calamitous and managed td escape and once over the The "select group of extremely rich, far reaching effects in Italy's ruling elite as French border climbed aboard a helicopter powerful people" that Brewton fingers, well as the spooks of Langley. for the short trip to Monaco, home of P-2's include the CIA, President George Bush, Banco Ambrosiano was the largest "super-lodge". From Monaco he travelled Senator Lloyd Bentsen, a swag-sackofother private bank in Italy until it collapsed in to Paraguay - a favouritebolt-hole of many influential Texan's and well-known 1982 with losses approaching a massive $2 of his war-time Nazi comrades - and members of the Mafia. For the CIA it had billion. At the centre of the scandal was disappeared from sight. The missing access to a vast pool of "black funds" that Roberto Calvi, Chairman of Ambrosiano billions were never recovered. enabled it to engage in illegal activities and lodgebrother of LicioGelli, a shadowy The Ambrosiano affair was significant including Iran-Contra and Middle-East "Grand Master" of the Italian P-2 for revealing the web of inter-connections weapon deals. Brewton's all too realistic (Propoganda 2) Masonic lodge. Gelli - that existed within Italy's ruling class. On view is that this group of inter-connected once an oberleutnant in Himmler's SS - the one hand the CIA were using P-2's "businessmen" recognised that the S&L held the reins of power and knew how to "covered" (secret) lodge and illicit funds to industry, was perfectly structured for a use them, for which he was dubbed the conduct covert warfare on Italy's mammoth scam. Backed by government "puypet-master". A consummate communists. At the other extreme it guaranteesand regulators whowould bow blackmaiIer, he kept a secret record of demonstrated the Mafia's total infiltration to the right kind of pressure, the S&L1s wrong-doing of all those he came into of Italian business and politics; a feat werelikearipeplumwaitingtobe plucked. contact with, and wasn't shy in using it to achieved following their induction into Back in his VP days, Bush intervened his advantage. P2 included in its Masonry. Antonino Calderoni, a Mafia with federal regulators in a corrupt Florida membership roll highly placed politicians, defector, revealed that during 1977 Mafia Savings & Loan that close friends, his sons cabinet members, headsof the Italian armed bosses were formally invited to join a Jeb and Neil, and a handful of Mafia forces and the intelligenceservices,together covered Masonic lodge and agreed to doso associates weresystematically plundering. with leading industrialists, media on the understanding that they would learn The thrift eventually went belly-up to the magnates, judges, Mafiosi, members of the thesecretsof Masonry, butwould not reveal tune of $700 million. For a man who Vatican Curia and, of course, high-flying Mafia secrets. "Men of Honour who get to regularly keeps a "plausible deniability" financiers - including Sindona. P-2's "elite" be bosses belong to the Masonry: thismust diary, whose hidden background includes membership - linked by their extreme right not escape you" another Mafia defector, his CIA operational activities predating wing political views- perfectly dove-tailed Leonardo Messina, revealed. "Because it is his appointment to DCT by fifteen years, with the CIA'S long standing desire to in the Masonry that we can have total and who, moreover, had questionablelinks eradicate communism from the Italian contact with businessmen, with the to the pock-faced Panamanian dictator -

Lobster 96 Columbian cartel money-launderer and formerly Deputy Director of Intelligence at Andreotti. Alberto Ferrari, who reined a one time CIA asset - Col. Manuel Noriega, the CIA and one of the old OSS "China" BNL's director-general, was a notoriorrr the thought of his sons cherry-picking veterans, was a top foreign policy and member of P-2. Nor was he alone in hb thousand dollar bills off the S&L money defense adviser in the Bush Presidential Masonic affiliations. BNL, dubbed 'the z tree is all in a days play10. campaign. Other board members included bank of the P-2' "was quickly shown to In any complex financial scam, the really John Barnum, Deputy Secretary of the have among it upper echelons, a veritable important question is to discover where Department of Transportation (1974-77), nest of P-2 operatives..."I5 with intimate the looted funds eventually come to rest. Frederick V. Malek (Nixon's White House connections to the most powerful figures As with Nugan Hand, Franklin and Personnel chief and the Bush-Quayle in successive US administrations. Ambrosiano debacles, this question has campaign manager), William Kilberg never been satisfactorily answered for the (Departmentof Labor 1973-77andmember The Coke Connection S&L scam. However, despite a perpetual of the Reagan-Bush transition team) and smoke-screen some interesting facts have John A. Knebel, President Ford's Secretary Weapons dealing is a highly lucrative emerged. In another Florida S&Lbust that of Agriculture. "inter-government" business and cost $200 million in a shady land deal, the Palmer National was the bank of choice hundreds of billions of dollars are involved cash disappeared down the sunset-trail of for the National Endowment for the annually. Equally lucrative is the narcotics Du PonYs St. Joe Paper Co. The trail went Preservation of Liberty's (NEPL) fund trade which generates a staggering $500 cold in Jersey, one of the Chamel Islands. raising activities that provided $10 million billion per annum. As well as having a The Channel lsles have long been an off- to Col. Oliver North's covert gun-running peripheral role in the Iraq weapons affair, shore tax havenwithstrictbanking secrecy, programme that saw weapons shipped the Bank for Credit & Commerce and as a consequence a large contingent of South to Nicaragua, and East to Iran. This International (BCCI), known as the "Bank foreign banks have offices there. It is now operation was &sentially the brain-child for Crooks and Criminals International," believed that the looted funds were of former DCI William Casey, who becameone of the major money laundering ultimately used by CIA cut-outs to procure cunningly revived the old "conduit"system operations for the Colombian Cartels. weapons for lraq.ll of money laundering that had been used Many of the same old cast of players are A central figure in the S&L sale of the with great success during the fifties to found picking the bones out of this bank century, was Walter Mischer, a close friend secretlyfund Nazi war criminals, recruited that collapsed with estimated debts in of Senator Lloyd Bentsen, and a long time to spearhead the ex SS "freedom-fighters" excess of $10 billion. "BCCI was operated "acquaintance" of George Bush. Mischer scheduled for deployment behind enemy as a corrupt and criminal organisation wasclosely "comected to theNew Orleans lines in the eventthat the Soviets invaded throughout its entire nineteen year history. Marcello famiIy, one of the most powerful ~uro~e'~.Casey used North as his cut-out, It systematically falsified its' records. It Mafia families in the country. Never a thus kick-starting the on-going row knowingly allowed itself to be used to "one family" man, he also did business between the Pentagon and the CIA about launder the illegal income of drug sellers with Mafia associates from New York and who should conduct "covert ops". North's and other criminals. And it paid bribes and Chicago. Mischer is considered to be the superiors in the Pentagon have never kickbacks to public official^."'^ Over a few most powerful man in Texas, and certainly forgiven him for being the CIA'S manikin. short years, the BCCI affair would slowly one of the richest. His "I'm just a country At the same, Ray Cline, who had retired swell to prodigious proportions bringing boy" demeanour belies a sharp, analytical from the CIA and formed a family-owned numerous casualties in its wake. One of business mind and an icy streak of company called SIFT Inc., was "advising" these was Clark Gifford, Chairman of First ruthlessness. With a finger in every pie, his Major General John Singlaub - the principal American Bancshares, friend of presidents influence stretches wide to include, operations officer in the Nicaraguan arms and doyen of Washington insiders. business, crime, finance, the intelligence affair. Disgraced, Clifford and his prestigious communityand domesticand international While George Bush was wearing his Washington law firm partner Robert politics. Brewton believes that Mischer "is S&L hat on his off-days, his all singing - all Altman walked away with a cool $18 without peer in Texas and perhaps in the dancing gun, dope n' money laundering million1' Few individuals or institutions entire country." Regarded as a pragmatist operations were about to receive a who were touched by the scandal would he generally bets both ways in the political damaging blow, as yet another massive wholly escape censure. BCCI's founder, election stakes, placing money on both the financial scandal hit the front pages. Half ~~ha-~asanAbedi, assiduously courted rear and fore-legs of the horse we've come a dozen regional officesof the Italian based power and influence. A close friend was to know as "Demopublican" politics. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro were raided former US President Jimmy Carter. Another figure who weaved his crooked by FBI agents following a tip off from two BCCI aggressively set out to launder the way through the S&L tale is Herman K. junior officers of BNL ~t1anta.l~The BNL Columbian cartels massive drugs money Beebe, the so-called godfather of the dirty affair seamlessly follows the well oiled that would eventually seeup to forty other Texas S&Ls, and associate of the Louisiana template with the involvement of the CIA, banks directly or peripherally involved - mob. Beebe and Mischer are long term Britain's SIS, Presidents Reagan and Bush, many of them blue-blooded luminaries of business associates. Herman also, co- Prime Minister Thatcher and two of Italy's thebanking firmament. Setting up a branch incidentally,has known connectionsto the most corrupt senior politicians; Bettino in Panama, BCCI soon cut a deal with Marcello family. While both men were Craxi and the Mafia-linked Giulio Panama's Noriega, opening an account for busy "b~min~-out"~~theodd couple dozen Andreotti. It was toreveal theinternational him in the nameof Zorro. Dirtv fundswere savings and loans, Beebe was transferring covert network thatwas engaged inillegally collected and wired to Europe. From there $3 million in "seed" money from his bank, shipping arms to Iraq's dictator, Saddam Certificates of Deposit (CD's) were issued Bossier Bank & Trust, to Harvey McLean Hussein. Even during the height of that could be used as collateral against Jr., to establish the small Washinton DC Operation Desert Storm, CIA operatives loans issued. Another technique involved based Palmer National Bank that boasted a were frantically attempting to put together cycling the money through an affiliated board that at one time or another largely an urgent assignment of U.S. made SAM company, Capcom ~inancialServices, featured in the White House telephone missiles destined for Iraq's bloody war- who's huge futures and options business directory. The board chairman, Stefan machine. By a happy co-incidence, BNL, was an ideal laundering vehicle. Halper, was a member of the Nixon White owned by the Italian Treasury, was run by Discontented with just the narcotics House. His father-in-law, Ray S. Cline, a close friend and lodge-brother of industry, BCCI developed close ties to the

Lobster 96 page 10 "spook"community, maintainingaccounts as the oldest merchant bank in London. the Barings operation consumed. Nor are for Israel's Mossad, America's CIA, Dripping with history and dark secrets, they revealing why these banks would so Britain's SIS, France's DGSE plus the Barings dated back to thernid 17thcentury. readily lend funds that amounted to a cool security services of Pakistan and By modem standards it was a small bank $1.4 billion to a small bank with an Switzerland.TheCIA's accounts with BCCI with a net worth in the $600 million range, insignificant net worth. Seeking to clarify covered several years of covert operations but still managed to punch above its weight. this point I asked the Bank of England to on the part of that agency. Principally, That is until it began speculating its name which banks provided funds to the payments were made to finance Afghan depositors and shareholders money in group and whether they formed a formal rebels and to bribe General Noriega. Singapore's futures market, SIMEX. or informal syndicate. I was politely told Almost unbelievably its customers aiso All the signs are that the Barings affair is that "we don't have this information, but if included thenotorious Abu Nidal terrorist a straight forward case of "bonus-fever" we do it's confidential and not available." organisation, and the Iranian backed amongst the senior executives who A curious answer indeed. Meanwhile, the ~ezbollah- long regarded as the arch benefited from excessive annual bonuses. only casualty besides, of course, the banks enemies of the western intelligence Nevertheless there may be more to it than shareholders - who with unspeakably poor community. Abu Nidal's Fatah that. The fact that their inexperienced grace continue to grumble about their Revolutionary Council had a $60 million young SIMEX trader, Nick Leeson, didn't missing- $160 million - is Leeson. Found account at London's fashionable Sloane contribute one dime to the banks bottom guilty and given asix year sentence he now Street branch. At the same time the bank line throughout his three year tenureas the resides inSingaporelsChangiprison. Some was responsible for financingdealsinwhich "big swinging dick " on the Singapore believe he joins Daiwa's Iguchi as a ~ossadprovided weapons to Arab futuresexchangeis beside the point. Leeson scapegoat, demonstrating that when the terrorists. Peru, buckling under theburden contrived to report profits by creatingfalse bucks go down in the "connected" world of sovereign debt, used BCCI to hide its accounting entries and thus year on year of high finance, those who had most to cashreservesaway from thegraspinghands was able to conjure a host of ghost profits - gain, do notz0. of creditor banks. Outdoing the security carefully hiding his real month on month services of many small nations the bank losses that eventually grew to a teeth- More Money is Spent on Dope also ran its own global intelligence network grinding $1.6 billion. His superiors, the than Food known as the "black network" employing banks senior executives, delighted with anestirnated 1500trainedoperatives.Based the performance of their star in the east, The sheervolume of money skating around in Karachi, this network "of hand-picked awarded themselves bonuses of $1.6 the world's financial markets is staggering individuals who underwent a one year million plus for year end 1993. Despite and a huge proportion of it is illegal. Of a training course in psychological warfare, crashing with massive losses the directors massive $6trillion that annually circulates spying techniques and the use of fire- walked to newjobswith theDutch financial the globe, one quarter - $1.5 trillion - is arm~."'~ group ING, who galloped to the rescue. illicit, and a third of this, $500 billion, are When major banks aren't colluding with Snug in their new sinecures, they negotiated narcodollars. $200 billion of narcotics are spooks and organised crime they appear to $152 million in back bonuses covering the shipped to the US annually, roughly one settle back and engage in dubious "in- tragic year 1994 -where reported earnings third of the total annual import bill. house" business. Most don't hit the of $320 million in reality concealed Random forensic testing throughout the headlines being swept away from theglare accumulated losses of $260 million, soon to US reveal that virtually every single bank of the media by red-faced executives. One increase sixfold. note contains microscopic traces of cocaine. of those that wasn't so lucky was Daiwa It is now clear that Leeson didn't oDerate More mone is s ent, globally, on dope Bank Ltd. Squirming with loss of face, alone. Those tagged with assisting and/or than food?' Wik these sums at stake, Daiwa executives announced to a round- colluding with him include the CEO Peter banks and the financial community are, de mouthed media that Toshihide Iguchi, a Noms and the Director of Finance, Geoffrey facto, laundering dirty money. small-time Japanese traderworking out of ~roadhurst'~Discovering the degree of Operating within the CIA is a small Daiwa's New York office, had racked up a complicity involved at senior levels, 23 team known as the "Fifth Column". Staffed $1.1billion loss trading USTreasurybonds. directors and senior staff were forced to by experienced computer hackers using a Stretching credulity beyond belief, Daiwa resign by their new Dutch owners. This Cray supercomputer, this group track dirty claimed that the 44 year old Iguchi, did not stop the Bank of England, Britain's money accumulated insecret offshorebank following a modest trading loss of $ 200, banking regulator, from publishing a accounts by "scores of high level U.S. 000, spent the next eleve* years writing caveat-ridden and poorly investigated political figures".22 Once the funds are 30,000 "unauthorised" ticketsin an attempt report. The report chronicles the Bank of tracked and the secret authorisation code to reverse his misfortune. This equates to England's less than zealous efforts to located the money is electronically swept- a staggering $400, 000 per trading day, apportion blame to anyone other than up and deposited in the U.S. Treasury. making Iguchi one of theunluckiest suckers Leeson, but does catalogue a list of Intelligence sources estimate that in excess the world of high finance has ever impediments to its investigation. These of $2 billion has been gathered in this encountered. include the accidental destruction of manner and none of the now-poorer high "significant classes" of records within the profile figures are contemplating lodging The Barings' Cover-up offices of Barings London, which are cited complaints. Illegal? You betcha' it is, but as being "missing", "corrupted" or not no more than aiv one of a dozen other Though for sheer bad luck we couldn't do "routinely retained." The sleuths of operations that have previously come to much worse than Nick Leeson, a young Threadneedlestreet did not, however, once light. and tnexperienced British trader at Barings, venture inside the door of Barings offices A great many more bank scandals can Singapore, who with the aid of a "dump" during their entireinvestigation. Had they be expected in the coming years. Why this account known as the "five eight's" - done so it is not outside the realms of should be so is simple. It's not their money 5:grufi.7np In Chinese superstition "all the possibility that they may have discovered they're playing with. It's yours and mine. :wk--bumped up losses of $1.6 billion "significant classes" of documents If a bank goes belly-up, culpable bank ewer a :i-.ree year period, sending Barings corrupting away before their very eyes. executives slide into other cushy jobs with s&z.g toits kn&. Until then Baringssat Importantly, nobody is saying which other banks or disappear down the sunset- at the tqof the Brihsh establishment tree banks provided the immense funding that trail toting a swag-bag of "lost" loot -

L&S-~CT % page 11 sometimes both. Simply stated high- From: Brigadier P C C Trousdell finance is a "connected" world where ' . Director of Public Relations (Army) president's touchshoulders withmobsters; bankers shake hands with Masons; regulators buckle under political pressure; law enforcement protects crime; the CIA ':does its thing" and fortunes can be and are won. Bankers say of themselves that theirs is a MINISTRY OF DEFENCE Main Bu~ldina.W%i(.Iul, London SWlA 2H8 profession. In the last analysis Tobphonw IDrut dn~l0171218 7904 this is true. Nothing can be more prudent IExchanpe) 0171 218 9000 (Fox) 0171 218 4920 than playing with and losing other people's money. Mr Stephen Dorri? David Guyatt was an Associate Director Editor and Treasurer at Midland Bank Aval Ltd. Lobster 96 135 School Street Notes Netherthong Holmf irth W Yorkshire H07 2YB 'Following the Barings' debacle the Bank of England have told me that they will resist tougher regulation - fea~gthat it will drive financial institutions to less this regulated centres. Phone conversation with writer In a recent edition of Lobster you prinzed an article about December 1995. -,r~lufias Doheny titied "joint Services Group-. Apart from a brief 'see Claire Sterling's Crime Without Frontiers (Little editorial introduction, the article is a zepetrtior, of Yr Doheny Brown, London, 1994). Statement of Claim in his High Cocr: accion agaizst =fie Xinistry ?bid. p 23. Seealsop 111 citing theyakuza'snear miss of Defence. Mr Doheny's claim was ?ever tried iz coart; it was attempt to take control of Parisbas, a leading French struck out last summer as being "sca~aalous,frivolous and bank. vexatious as well as being an abuse of the process of the Court" '~ochan& WhittingtonBankruptthe BCCIFraud (Victor Costs were awarded against Mr Dozeny. Pour cono.en nakes no GoLlancz, London 1991) p 96 mention of this. 'sir Kit McMahon, former Chairman of Midland Bank Group Plc, stated during a British TV programme Mr Dohecy, in what may have Seen an efforz :o add credibility broadcast in Autumn 1995, thatbanking is a "confidence to his claim, compiled the lis: of Kames ar.c telephone numbers trick". that appears at the end of his Szazemct. He vou;d be grateful if you would note that the publicatron of the rimes acd other details 'see Jeffrey Kobinsan's The lnundrymen (Simon & of persons engaged in sensitive co-cter-terroris: duties assists Schuster, London 1994) p 266. terrorists in identifying and tarqeclng them for attack. We are 7~bidp 272 not prepared to comment on the acc.Lracy cf Mr Doheny's list, but l la ire Sterling p 203 publication of identifying ir.fo-7a:ioz aSo:: persons described 'claire Sterling pp 63-64 (even incorrectly) as involved iz se~sitivecounter-terrorist 'OSP~ Books, New York 1992 work, is liable to put those persons and tterr families at risk of or a brief background on Bush's secret background violent attack. see Mark Lane's Plausible Denial (Plexus Publiqhg, London 1992) pp 330-333. I assume that, whatever =he pcr-se of articles and comment '2~hapter21of Pete Brewton'sbookdeals with thiscase in Lobster, it is not your inten::oc Zo knowingly put persons in some detail. llves at risk. On that assxn.pzro?.. : saggest that it would be 13"~umout"is a mobscam where they acquire a failing sensible and proper if, before yo- ?rizt infornation which may have so serious an effecc or. xexers of the Armed Forces or thei company, boost its borrowing, strip it assets and then families, you would consult rtls 2rec:orate of the MOD. We wou place it in to voluntary liquidation. Obviously the be pleased to help you ensure thar s:ch damage is prevented. creditors are left picking up the tab. ""~ee JohnLoftus The Belarus Secret. (Paragon House 1989). Casey, an old OSS warrior saw no shame in using Nazi war criminals - many of them guilty of the most horrendous aims against humanity - in his fervent anti-communism. This view permeated the thinking of many of the old cold-warrior's in the CIA andelsewhere. The storyof formerNazi'sconnected to the P-2 Banco Ambrosiano and BNL affairs remains largely untold. 'Y~~BNLaffair iscovered in Alan I.'riedrnan's Spidn's Web (Faber & Faber, London 1993). 171bid.P 85 'kochan & Whittington p 14. (See also Adam's and Frantz A Full Smice Bank Simon & Schuster, London 1991 on the BCCI affair). '%id. %ochan & Whittington p 130 ll~indingof the Singapore Report authored by Price Waterhouse, Singapore on behalf of the Minister of Fiance. "~eesonand Iguchi are obviously culpable, but the point is that they did not act alone. This is the view of this writer based on many years experience working in international banking. In Leeson's case the authors of the official Singapom Report make it clear that they share this view. 23~effrey~6bsonp173 z4~ee~"~ostergate"Unclassified No 34 Fall 1995 pp 6-9.

Lobster 96 page 12 Dr Mark Pythian is a lecturer in politics at A great deal of expectation was tied up in the damage the inquiry was ever likely to the University of Wolverhampton. His the publication of the five-volume Scott inflict, and madeit unlikely that Scott would book "The Arming of Iraq" will be Report. For former workers at the Matrix be able to fully explore and bring much published this autumn by North Eastern Churchill plant in Coventry the report light to bear on arms sales issues. Scott's University Press, Boston. would reach conclusions opening the way terms of reference were drawn up by the for compensation claims. For Paul government and agreed to by Scott after Henderson and his co-defendants it would "minor amendments" had been made. have a similar value.' Elsewhere, for Their focus was on, "whether the relevant example, it would provide confirmation Departments, Agencies, and responsible for Gerald Janes, former chairman of Ministers operated in accordance with the munitions manufacturer Astra Holdings policies of Her Majesty's Government". If plc, of how his companies were used to the inquiry had been intended to examine channel arms to Iran and Iraq. For Ali arms sales to Iran and Iraq, perhaps this Daghir and Jeanine Speckmanof Euromac, would have needed to be preceded by a it would confirm their status as victims of commitment to establish 'to what extent a US Customs 'sting' operation and aid Iraq was supplied with lethal weaponry by their compensation claims.2 And so on. To the UK, either directly or indirectly and a greater or lesser extent, all of these whether the relevant ...' industry/business figures were to be disappointed. The inquiry's procedures also reduced the likelihood that arms sales processes would Judgingby what they wrote in the lead-up be laid bare. The investigative work of the publication, the expectations of former inquiry was overwhelmingly based on ministers were also of a clearly-delivered requesting and then analysing documents indictment of government policy and supplied by government departments. As actions. Take Tristan Garel-Jones, for Scott notes in his report, these were not example. In apiecein thesunday Telegraph generally volunteered by departments and on the weekend before publication, he cross-referencing on a number of occasions wrote that; "on matters of opinion ... it is revealed that documents had been held difficult for someone of Sir Richard's back. Nevertheless, such requests and background and experienceto understand analysis allowed Scott to reach firm the frameworkwithin whichministers take conclusions with regard to, for example, decisions ...Consequently, I expect any public interest immunity, the preparation advice he may give about the operation of of 'arms-to-Iraq' prosecutions, and public immunity to be inimical to the ministerial responsibility(both with regard interests of the state. 1 hope such advice to the minister-civil servant relationship will be disregarded."3 An even more overt and answering questions in Parliament). pre-publication attack came from Lord But where the evidence of businessmen Howe. In a long and scathing article in The and industrialistsinvolved in'arms-tc~lraq' Spectator,during which he spokeof Scott's clearly suggests that false end-user "tenacious enthusiasm for his ownviews", certification, mis-descriptions of and his "marathon contest with reality", consignments and the useof conduits, were Howe delivered a kind of alternative Scott methods widely employed to beat the Report. On the Attorney-General, Sir restrictions in place and get arms through Nicholas Lyell, for example, Howe wrote to Iran and Iraq, is it reasonable to expect that; "neither the Attorney-General nor Whitehall documentation to similarly anyoneelseshould be condemned for their illuminate the realities of the arms trade? If conduct - nor even unduly troubled by falseend-usersor conduits werebeing used, such idiosyncraticconclusions".4 Whether then the paperwork would be in order for or not the speculation that Scott watered the conduit country or the false end-user. down his criticisms of individuals as a No one would expect any reference to consequenceof such ongoing attacks from diversion to be found in this kind of former ministers is accurate (and there are documentation.This is also trueof company clear differences between the wording of documentation, for the simple reason that criticisms in leaked drafts and the final any admissionof diversionary intent would report),5 it remains the fact that none of have left a company open to prosecution. these figures have felt the need to return to Yet when Coopers & Lybrand were asked attackScott since his report was published. by the inquiry to examine Astra and BMARC documents they held as receivers To an extent Scott's use of language let of Astra, they reported: some of those under fire off the hook.6 For example, rather than clearly state that the "Wewereadvised by theInquiry that there government changed its guidelines on the had been allegations that defence sale to Iraq of military and related equipment had been exported to certain equipment after the 1988 ceasefire, Scott countries and then sent onwards to Iraq. writes that the policy, "did not remain These 'diversionary' countries included unchanged". In other words, his syntax is Austria, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, not unencumbered by a proclivity to Kuwait, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, United employ thedouble-negative. But at a wider Arab EmiratesandYugoslavia. We located

Lobster 96 page 13 several documents that referred to sales to sides, Iran and Iraq's average daily the extent to which lran in particular was these countries. These included packing expenditures havebeenestimated at 12,000 meeting its almost insatiable demand for notes, sales invoices, board minutes and shells each. With a 155mm shell costing propellant through the operation of a letters. We did not, however, see any them anywhere between $850 to $1,400, network of major European explosives document which indicated that the goods excluding the propellant charge, this was a manufacturers organised around the were to be diverted to lraq."7 hugely lucrative business." How did Iran European Association for the Study of and Iraq continue to procure the means of Safety Problems in the Production and Use Documents relating to Astra were still being prosecuting their war if no one was of Propellant Powders (EASSP).l6 This disgorged just four months before the supplying them? The inquiry needed to demand represented a level well beyond report was published.8 A related question lookbeyond Whitehall if it was to get to the the capacitiesof anyone member, and so in iswhether or how Scott can be sure that he bottom of this. order to meet the demand and at the same has seen all of the relevant documents? The time avoid drawing attention tothernselves, answer, as he admits in the report, is that In any case, it attempts to do so in just 68 the companies within EASSP, prominent he can't: "I would like to believe that, in the pages (pp.817-885) out of over 2,000. amongstwhichwas the Swedish company end, the Inquiry succeeded in obtaining all Notwithstanding the limited investigative Bofors, would meet and parcel-out the the relevant documents in the possession reachof theinquiry,Scottisable toconclude requirement. As one Swedish Customs of the departments. It is impossible to be that various states acted as conduits and official explained: "Cartel members in certain, however ...that all relevant passed UK-origin arms to Iran and Iraq. Sweden, France, Holland and Belgium documents have been obtained."g The For instance, partly through accessing would meet regularly to eat and drink evidenceof a former International Military intelligence files, Scott is able to conclude together and plan how they would keep Services (IMS) tends to cast further doubt that Jordan ("The records indicated that Iran and Iraq supplied with munitions. on this. He told Scott that in the mid-1980s MODhad agreed to exports of ammunition They knew that no single company would he had been instructed by the chief to Jordan far in excess of that country's produce enough gunpowder to meet the executive of 1MS (a Mr Orford); "'to weed needs prior to the outbreak of the Gulf enormous demand without raising the IMS project file ...of all papers referring war"), Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Austria production quotas and attracting attention, directly to Iraq" and that "Mr Orford stated acted as conduits for Iraq, while he also, so they decided to spread the work that he would personally shred them all"' "found the inference that substantial around."l7 In addition, members of the with one exceition.10 was this a once-only quantities of ammunition were being cartel - allegedly covering companies in operation? Moreover, Scott's tendency to exported from the United Kingdom to Iran Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Italy, by means of Portugal as [a] diversionary the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, atall timesgive-. precedence todocumentary evidence over eye-witness testimony has route to bea compellingone."~4With regard Switzerland, the UK and West Germany - led him to dismiss the accounts of those to Saudi Arabia, Scott noted that, "a certain would reach price-fixing agreements and involved in 'arms-to-Iraq' if he felt their amount of intelligence suggesting the use keep an eye on competitors. claims could not be supported by of Saudi Arabia as a diversionary route is documentary evidence. Even where they to be found in the papers disclosed to the It had been alleged to Scott that UK passed on documentary evidence to Inquiry by the intelligence agencies. It is, in companies were involved in the activities support their positions, this was not always the circumstances, surprising that there of the cartel - an allegation supported by sufficient." In addition, it is not clear from was not more."l5 Could it be, then, that documents cited by theSwedish Peace and the report's treatment of some of them - some was weeded to avoid damagng Arbitration Service in its International ChrisCowley,PaulGrecian, FrankMachon, Anglo-Saudi relations and jeopardsing the Connections of the Bofors Affair. These Paul ~endirson,and so on - that their continuation of the A1 Yamamah arms refer to both Royal Ordnance (RO) - at the evidence is regarded by Scott as being deals,therichestinBritishhistory?Overall, time still government-owned, and ICI- completely trustworthy.12 with regard to diversionary routes, Scott Nobel in Scotland. With regard to the latter, does not consider the full range of conduits in a travel report dated June 1984, Mats There were essentially two ways in which alleged to have been used to arm Iran and Lundberg of Bofors noted the concern of the UK armed Iraq in the 1980s, despite the Iraq. Furthermore, he is unable to confirm ICI's management that its Scottish existence of the HoweGuidelines. The first whether certain routes were used from the subsidiary should be involved with the was through the direct export of dual-use evidence he has seen, (eg. with regard to cartel, saying: "[Sir John] Harvey Jones machine tools which would form the the UAE and Cyprus), is sceptical of [then Chairman of ICI] forbids continued backbone of the emerging Iraqi arms industry accounts of diversion not participation inour meetings and therefore industry. The level of self-deception supported by Whitehall (eg. with regard to Frank cannot participate, but wants required to allow this trade to continue in claims that the Westland Black Hawk individual contacts with the members. view of the steadily mounting evidence helicopter component of the A1 Yamamah Someone will contact Frank before each that they were going to be used to make deal was really intended for Iraq), and is meeting." With regard to RO, in October munitions is captured well in the report. generally unable to quantify how much of 1984, 'Guy' of French company SNPE The second way was indirectly through what was passed on from where. informed a cartel meeting that 'Truman' of diversionary routes. Here though, Scott's RO had promised "market co-operation" procedures have limited his ability to The limitations that prevent Scott from with the cartel. unravel what industry sources have going further are also evident in his consistently claimed occurred and what consideration of claims that a European Srott investigated this by asking the UK logic dictates must have occurred. After propelIant cartel operated during the 1980s. MOD"whether they had any knowledgeor all, the eight-year long Iran-Iraq War was a the aimofwhichwas toby-pass thevarious reason to suspect the existence of such classic land war - the First World War national restrictions in place, and get cartels." The MOD'Sresponse that it, "had transplanted to the 1980s. How did the war propellant to the two belligerents. Scott no knowledge or suspicion of a propellant go on for eight years if all states were was alerted to these by the evidence of cartel or a weapons cartel to which British properly applying their various guidelines Gerald James,KevinCahill and Tim Laxton. companies belonged"l8 was carefully and restrictions, notionally intended to The background is this: In the mid-1980s, worded, but if it was intended to suggest it avoid exacerbating the conflict? With an Swedish Customs investigators exposed knew nothing of the Bofors affair, hard to estimated 1,000+ artillery pieces on both the so-called Bofors affair. This revealed believe. Scott also contacted UK Customs,

Lobster 96 page 14 who confirmed that RO ammunition had first global political scandal."22 Yet this is a asked him to review all the Scott questions; a gone to Iran, but that RO were unaware level of inquiry that Scott seems to have freshmind would beuseful. Mr Aitken found that itwas goingthere. Here, the limitations missed out. Where is the discussion of US no sign of wrongdoing. His conclusion was that principled ministers and conscientious of the SCO~inquiry meant that it could go policy objectives regarding Iran and Iraq, officials had done their best to solve the of the implications of the Bush no further, for example by approaching insoluble, and that thev had at all times Swedish Customs. Reliant on theMoD and Administration's National Security exemplified thehighstaidards we associate UK Customs, it had exhausted its Directive-26, of the compatibility and withBritish ULIblicservi~e.Sirhchard seems investigative possibilities. Hence, the report complementarity of US and UK foreign to understand neither the standards nor the invokes its terms of reference in justifying policy aims in this area? For example, service." 'Brave Huntsman, Bad Judge of an open conclusion: according to Paul Henderson, at the Politics', p.19. infamous January 1988meetingwhere Alan On this line see, for example, 'Scott Had to "The existence of international weapons/ Clark effectively gave a 'nod and a wink' to Water Down his Criticism', The Independent, 17.2.96. propellants cartels, and the alleged the continued export of machine tools to See, for example, Roy Hattersley: 'Scott Not involvement in them of UK companies are, Iraq, Clark also made it clear that such Guilty of Bad Grammar.Not', TheGuardian, per se, matters which fall outside my terms continuation was linked to US policy, a 19.2.96. of reference. If, on the other hand, there point not made in the Scott Report's Scott Report, Vol. V, Appendix A PartC3(ii), were evidence of British Government dissection of themeeting.uFromhere other p.4. knowledge of, or acquiescence in, the significant omissions emerge. Henderson See Scott Report, Vol. V, Appendix A, Part C activities of any cartels whose existence says information both he and his for correspondencebetween the inquiry and the MOD Police concerning the non- was intended to defeat the prohibitions predecessor as informer-in-residence at submission of Astra/BMARC documents. and restrictions on exports from the UK to Matrixchurchill, MarkGutteridge, passed Scott Report, p. 20. Iraq, it would have been incumbent on me on to MI5 and MI6 was shared with the lo Ibid, p.287. to investigate. In fact there was no such CIA.^^ l1 For example, the case of Chris Cowley's evidence beyond bare assertion. It is also claims regarding Dr Gerald Bull's contacts an issue in relation to which it would have Where, in the Scott Report, is the over thesuperg& Scott Report, been very difficult for me to obtain consideration of intelligence-sharing (there pp.949-950. l2 For example, seeScott's conclusions onPaul sufficiently cogent evidence to reach a are no references to the CIA in the index)? Grecian's account of the dates of his contacts Where is GCHQ (two fleeting references)? concluded view without extensive with MI5 and MI6. Scott Report, p.928. On investigation. Extensive investigation, even What were the real aims of the US, UK and his assessment of Machon's evidence, see if the Inquiry were granted the necessary westemgovernments regarding the upper p.1001. Elsewhere, Scott comments that: "a powers to conduct it, would have caused Gulf after the Iran-Iraq War broke out? number of Mr Machon's documents suggest unnecessary delay to the publication of that Allivanewasinvolvedin theexportation this Report. I have not, therefore, attempted Answers to these questions, and many of of military equipment to Iraq. None of them, however, show Govenunent knowledge of, to do ~0.~~1~ the questions about the arming of Iraq, are ultimately areas Scott's missed. But they or acquiescence in, such exports. It is fair to say that, apart from providing the names of are also areas where Scott's terms of These limitations are also evident other useful witnesses, Mr Machon's elsewhere. To take a few examples: in the reference and the limited investigative evidence and documents have been of absence of any consideration of how the reach of the inquiry combined to make this limited assistance to me in investigating the trade in arms with Iraq was financed;Z0 in almost inevitable. matters covered by my terms of reference." the 150-page section on the supergun; in p.859Onesuspects this reflects theinquiry's the way in which Scott's terms of reference Notes limitations more than the relevance of the apparently free him from considering documents supplied by Machon. l3 I am grateful to Kevin Cahill for this BMARC's Project Lisi bound for Iran (in In theevent, only oneof theMatrixChurchil1 information. 1995/96, thesubjectof aTradeand Industry Three, Trevor Abraham, began a legal action l4 Scott Report, p.885. Select Committee investigation); limit his in the wake of the report. Ali Daghir was sentenced to five-years in l5 Ibid, p.869. ability to consider whether Cyprus was prison, Speckman 18 months, after being set l6 Established in1975asa forum fordiscussing used as a conduit; whether the Skyguard up under a joint USUK Customs 'sting' safety and transportation etc. issues within air-defence system was exported to Iraq operation in which US Customs officials the industry. via conduits (itwasneverexporteddirectly, showed aparticular zealand in which Prime l7 Quoted in Kenneth R. Tirnmerman: but was observed by thosepresent inaction Minister Margaret Thatcher took a keen 'Europe's Arms Pipeline to Iran', TheNation, in defence of Baghdad during the Iran-Iraq interest. The convictions were overturned 18/25.7.87., p.48. War); and why, if it was not exported, in 1994. Daghir served 18 months in prison, Is Scott Report, p.781. l9 Ibid, pp.782-783. Iraqis were trained in its use at BMARC's Jeanine Speckmanserved her entire sentence (with remission). The case is considered in a 20 See Stephen Dorril: 'The Scott Inquiry - Faldingworthsite (anissue deemed outside remarkably limited manner in Report of the Financing the Arms Trade', Lobster #30. the inquiry's terms of reference).21 Inquiry into the Export of Dual-Use Goods 21 These are considered in Gerald James' to Iraq and Related Prosecutions, memoir: In thePublicInterest,London, Little, It should be clear by now that, above all, (henceforth,Scott Report) HMSO, February Brown, 1995 thecourse of Western relations with Iraq in 1996, pp.651-661. 22 William Safire: '1st Global PoliticalScandal', the 1980s represented a failure of foreign Tristan Garel-Jones: 'Stuff it, Scott', Sunday New York Times, 12.11.92. He went on: policy, and that 'Iraqgate' in the UK was Telegraph, 11.2.96. "The leaders of three major nations [ie. US, UK & Italy] are implicated in a criminal not an isolated event, but one with parallels Geoffrey Howe: 'A Judge's Long Contest with Reality', The Spectator, 27.1.96, pp.9- conspiracy; first, to misuse taxpayer funds in the US, Belgium, France, Austria, 12. See theretortby Geoffrey Robinson,Paul and public agencies in the clandestine Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and so on. Henderson's Defence Counsel at his trial in builduu of a terrorist dictator: then to abuse Rather than being a globally-unique case The Sunday Times, 4.2.96. The Spectator the intilligenceand banking services of these of administrative bungling and official returned to the fray intheissuedated 17.2.96. nations to conceal the dirty deed; finally, to myopia, it is more properly characterised Journalist Bruce Anderson provided a try to thwart theinexorable~ourseofjusdce." 23 Paul Henderson: The Unlikely Spy An by the words of the conservative US portrait of Scott which concluded: - Autobiography,London, Bloomsbury,1993, commentator William Safire, who wrote in "When Jonathan Aitken arrived at the Ministry of Defence, the Permanent Secretary p.119. the New York Times that "Iraqgate is the 24 Ibid, pp.171-172.

Lobster 96 page 15 I have recently obtained the published minutes of evidence for Stephan Kock's appearance before TISC on 24 January 1996. 1 have the following observations: Tim Laxton's memorandum to 1. To supplement his answers to Q 855 and 857, Mr Kock has provided three additional memoranda which the Trade and are detailed, but not printed, as point (i) of his supplementary memorandum. Questions 855 and 857 arose Industry out of the allegation made by Mr Kock in answer to Q 853 (that Mr Anderson was unsatisfactory, unreliable Committee in and untruthful in his role as the Company Secretary of Astra Holdings). "ExportLicensing There is one small problem with point (i) of Mr Kock's supplementary memorandum. He alleges that his and Bmarc" adds memos of 9 January 1990 and 23 January 1990 were "not minuted, quite deliberately, all in regard to an to our knowledge internal audit". The Astra Holdings Company Secretary by January 1990 was Mr Ray Smith and not Mr about one of the Anderson. Mr Ray Smith was described by Mr Kock on 24 January 1996 as "a professional man and most mysterious trustworthy" (Q 858), the same Mr Ray Smith, who according to Mr Kock's own supplementary evidence, characters around did not minute the board discussion of his two January 1990 memos!! "Iraqgate". In other words rather than adducing evidence to support his original allegation about Mr Anderson, Mr Kock has produced evidence which contradicts his testimony on 24 January 1996. According to Mr Kock's supplementary evidence, it was Ray Smith who was producing inaccurate minutes, whilst at the same time being, at least on 24 January 1996, "professional and trustworthy". Quite an achievement!! 2. In point (ii) of his supplementary memorandum Mr Kock claims to have been born in South Africa of "Friesian" parents before returning to Holland at the age of three. (Inadentally, 1 believe it is cattle from Friesland which are known as Friesians while people from Friesland are known as Frisians.) I have heard a variation of this story before; except on that occasion Mr Kock had told a former acquaintance that he was born on one of the Frisian Islands and emigrated to Southern Rhodesia in 1944 while Holland was under Nazi occupation! 1 hope TISC will take the trouble of asking for the birth certificate which Mr Kack has offered to provide. At least its authenticity could then be established, although I suspect he probably has quite a collection of birth certificates. On the basis ofmy research, as I stated in my oral evidence, I believe Mr Kackwu born in Carpo-Ruthenia. This information comes from a source with detailed knowledge of that art?. Two former banking colleagues of Mr Kock, who knew him well, have told me that they believed that Mr Kock wu of Czechoslovakian or Polish origins, which is consistent with Mr Kock being from Carpo-Ruthenu. (Ruthenia was split up between Czechoslovakia, Poland and Romania in 1918). 3. In point (v) ofhis supplementary memorandum Mr Kock dram atteation to the memorandum he wrote in September 1988 setting out his opposition to the acquisition of PRB. The history of Mr Kock's attitude to the PRB acquisition is set out well in the DTI Inspectors' Report on Astra. No one disputes that he was initially against the acquisition. However, according to evidence given to the DTI Inspectors by the former Astra directors, Mr Kock became ia favour of the acquisition at the last minute. This change of heart was denied by Mr Kock to the DTI lnspstors (see paragraphs 7.28 to 7.33 of the Report). In paragraph 7.32 the Inspectors conclude: "On his ~cularmatter of Mr Kock's attitude towards the acquisition there was therefore a material conflict of mdence. We do not find it necessary to resolve it. . . .". The Inspectors' conclusion on Mr Kock's attitude to the PRB acquisition is: "He appears to have taken no effective steps to ensure the provision to him of the aitical information to form a considered view on the PRB acquisition; and, without considering any of it, be simply withdrew his hitherto strongly felt opposition". Mr Kock, of course, put his name to the prospectus sent to Astra shareholders which stated that the directors recommend the acquisition. He was therefore de facto in favour of it otherwise he would not have signed a prospectus saying that he, along with his fellow directors. recommended it. Typically, Mr Kock has presented less than half the picture in his supplementary memorandum on his attitude to the PRB acquisition. 4. The chronology of Mr Kock's career in Rhodesia, as given by himself, is deeply puzzling. Footnotes I to 3 Mr Kock has added to his transcript merely add to the punle. As I have previously made known to the Committee. I believe Mr Kock has misled the Committee on the reason why he went to Southern Rhodesia (4961). I notice that Mr Kock has added to his answer to 4961 that he went to Southern Rhodesia in 1944 as part of the EmpireTraining Scheme as air crew. The highlighted words were not in the original transcript. The Empire Training was only open to air crew over the age of 18. Mr Kock was not 18 until May 1945. Whilst this might seem like a small detail, it it fundamental to my belief that Mr Kock has misled the Committee on the reason for his emigration to Southern Rhodesia in 1944.1 am reinforced in my belief by the fact that I have seen a CV, prepared by M: Kock, which states that he was in the Rhodesian Royal Air Force between 1945 and 1946. I believe for similar reasons he has provided misleading details about his place of birth. The CV I have seen is silent on his place of birth. In answer to Q 836 Mr Kock said "and I remained in aviation generally until the early 1950s when I became a soldier." The brochure published by the Defence Equipment Finance Department of the Midland Bank, to which Mr Kock was consultant/adviser between June 1984 and June 1990, gives a differentversion: "Having served with the Royal Air Force, he spent some years in civil aviation. Subsequently, he carried out specialised duties for the British Government in various parts of the world, including acting as Political Secretary to the Rhodesian Prime Minister in the early sixties during the period of constitutional change...... " The CV for Mr Kock I have seen gives yet another version and states that Mr Kock spent over 12 years in civil aviation, from 1946 to 1958. This is significantly different to the version given by Mr Kock to the Committee that he had left civil aviation in the early 1950s to become a soldier. Lobster 96 - page 16 The CV for Mr Kock states that he became political secretary to the Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia "at the request of HMG" in 1958. In answering questions from the Committee Mr Kock was somewhat non- committal and bashful about how and why he became political secretary to the Prime Minister. "Somebody must have though I might be suitable for the job. I was approached, I did not apply for it". (4837). Later in his evidence he said that it was one of the special assignments he had carried out for the Foreign Office (4962). So, in other words, according to his own version of events, in 1958 the Foreign Office hand-picked an obscure Friesian (sic), who has spent 14 years in aviation (or perhaps some years as a soldier or perhaps carrying out specialised duties for HMG, depending on which of Mr Kock's versions you chose) to become political secretary to the PM of Southern Rhodesia during a sensitive period of incipient nationalism. Sir Edgar Whitehead was Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia between early 1958 and December 1962, for three years of which Mr Kock said he had acted as his political secretary (4836). According to Mr Kock's evidence he "was in SAS at that time" (when he became political secretary) was "seconded at that time to the Territorial Army" to enable him to serve Sir Edgar Whitehead and was then "in the SAS that as well" (4838 to 4839). He also claims to have served in the SAS "Whenever possible" (839 note 2) while busy as Sir Edgar Whitehead's political secretary. In addition to being Sir Edgar Whitehead's political secretary and serving in the SAS "whenever possible", the energetic Mr Kock was organising secretary of Whitehead's United Federal Party from 1961 to the end of 1962 and chief organiser of Whitehead's "Build a Nation" campaign-an attempt to win over middle class blacks following the constitutional settlement in 1961. Mr Kock ceased to be Sir Edgar Whitehead's political secretary when Whitehead lost the 1962 Rhodesian General Election. He then went back to the SAS where he served until UDI was declared in November 1965 (Q 843). This is at least consistent with the Midland Bank brochure which state: "He had further military service abroad in the intelligence corps and as infantry officer. He also saw service for some years in the Special Air Services regiment. Following his retirement from the army ...... " However, the indefatigable Mr Kock seems to have found time for another job as well. According to his CV, between 1963 and 1967, Mr Kock was the National Accounts Adviser to BP Rhodesia. That Mr Kock held this post is apparently confirmed by 1978 Bingham Report on the Rhodesian Oil Sanctions, in which Mr Kock is described as the National Accounts Adviser to BP Rhodesia. However, a director of BP Rhodesia between 1963 and 1967 has told me that the post of National Accounts Adviser never existed within BP Rhodesia. I have recently corresponded with Sir Thomas Bingham on this matter and enclose copies of the correspondence [not printed]. Even more amazingly, the increasingly indefatigable Mr Kock appears to have had yet another job after UDI when he "remained to assist Sir Humphrey Gibbs the Governor who was confined in Government House by the illegal regime. I stayed for some time" (note 3 to Q 843). So simultaneously the redoubtable Mr Kock was a serving SAS officer, National Accounts Adviser to BP Rhodesia, and assisting Sir Humphrey Gibbs!! Of course into this picture one must also fit his work for MI 5 and M 16 which Mr Kock admitted in answer to Q 933. The Friesians are obviously a remarkable breed! As I stated in my oral evidence in February, my researches show that Mr Kock did not sene in the Rhodesian SAS which is known as "C" squadron of the SAS. 5. In answer to 4959, the official transcript records Mr Kock as having said: "The High Commission. I ccrnnot remember the gentleman's name now ". I believe Mr Kock actually said the High Commissioner (not the High Commission) in answer to this question. Indeed the second sentence makes more sense if he did answer "High Commissioner", The videotape of his evidence appears to confirm that he did answer "High Commmissioner '', In fact Mr Kock's application could not have been sponsored by the High Commissioner. The British High Commissioner in Salisbury in 1965, John Johnston (now Sir John), was withdrawn from Salisbury almost immediately following the declaration of UDI in November 1965 and was not replaced. His deputy, Stanley Fingland (now Sir Stanley), remained in Salisbury until 1966 when he too was withdrawn. There were three residual staff, of no seniority, left in the High Commission by 1969. It is therefore extremely difficult to see which official from the High commission (if indeed that is what Mr Kock did answer) would have been in a position to sponsor Mr Kock's application for British nationality in 1969. Either way, Mr Kock misled the Committee on this point. 6. I fail to see how the committee can assesss Mr Kock's evidence on BMARC without firm and reliable &tails about his career in Rhodesia. There are some very simple questions that need definitive answers: - Where was he born? - Why did he go to Rhodesia in 1944? - Who was he really working for between 1944 and 1968. - Why has he given misleading accounts of his time in Rhodesia between 1944 and 1968? - Who sponsored his application for British nationality? - For whom is Mr Kock really a patriot? That leaves even more interesting questions such as how was it that this mysterious "Friesian" was the hidden organising hand behind the Malaysian Defence package and Pergau dam deal some 20 years after his arrival in this country, and how was it that he was working on this sensitive deal from inside a secure office in Britain's leading clearing bank at least 18 months before any details of it became public in September 1988? The background of all other witnesses to the Committee is plain for all to see. I do not see why Mr Kock should be the exception. 17 Lobster 96 page For those readers and observers who may I have beenreadinga book published in the creditors and employees, I considered it consider Gerald James' article, perhaps, a United States called 'Defrauding America' essential to expose what had happened. little over the top anda mite conspiratorial by Rodney Stich, a former US Navy pilot We hear our rulers continuously telling us for their tastes I recommend that they read and Federal Aviation Authority that we have such an excellent system and and compare volume one of the Trade and investigator. The book is based on the institutions, which make our ways far Industry Committee report on 'Export and personal experiences of Stich and the superior to thoseof France, Germany, Italy . Licensing and BMARC' (HMSO, 12 June testimony of several CIA or former CIA and our other European partners. Every 1996) with volume two, which contains personnel and others. It is the incredible time there is a major problem or scandal the evidence on which the report is based. but true story of how the United States here in the UK, we have an 'Inquiry' by Rarely have two complimentary government and most of its institutions are bodies such as Parliamentary Select documents been so very different. It is hard dominated and run by non-elected persons committees, QCs etc., etc.. Even sometimes to imagine how a group of fairly rational who use organisations such as the CIA to by large firms of accountants with fingers and seemingly intelligent people came to control what amounts to vast criminal in many pies. To quote a few examples: we reach the conclusion they did when the conspiraciesinvolvingwars, arms and drug have had two inquiries by Lord Justice evidence so obviouslypoints in the opposite running, and the manipulation of the Bingharn (now Lord Chief Justice) into direction. corporate sector through 'Chapter 11' and sanction-busting in Rhodesia and into the other processes - similar to our receivership BCCI banking scandal. At an earlier date With whom is Martin O'Neill, the and liquidation procedures. The Drug an inqlliry into the Profumo Affair and Committee's Chair, travelling? Clearly, it Enforcement Agency, US Customs, the recently by Sir kchard Scott into the arms is not truth, justice or honesty. Federal Bureau of Investigations,the Justice to Iraq scandals. All these inquiries have department, the Department of Defence had common characteristics: they have all anh other agencies ;re all involved at the failed to get to grips with the intelligence/ higher levels. security aspects on the usual grounds of 'natio~lseeurity'or'nationalinterest' and Thebookisbased onthirty years of research they have suppressed key documents and and testimony as well as bitter experience. information. Due to the time that elapses, Murder, false imprisonment and fraud are the public loses interest. Reports by large the order of the day and a firm control of firms of acunmtants or DTI inspectors are the media - press and television - enable largely valueless as the sponsoring those evil processes to continue. Another gmernment department usually pays for factor is the use of phrases such as 'national anddirects the operation while being at the security' and 'the national interest' to hide heart of what is amiss (i.e. DTI and Astra). covert and illegal operations which are against theinterestsof the American people. Theoretically, Parliament is the guardian In many cases, Congress and the Judiciary of our Liberties. Parliament is supposed to are involved and the message is clear: it protect us the public against the does not matter which party or president is overweening power and excesses of the elected, an amalgam of intelligence/ administration or the government. Our security, business/professiona1 interests, elected representatives-are supposed to selected politicians and public servants -a stand up and fight for us. Parliament has SCJNATC~~~J&IT&fJ. cabal - will carry on regaidless in their own Select Committees which can in theory secret interests. gnll anybody on any subject. Even Sir Richard Scott was grilled on his Report by I have never met Mr Stich and I was only the Public Services committee where he sent the book because of my own book. Ln gave a very different account of what the Public Interest, published last happened to that portrayed by his 2,000 December. The striking feature is that in a page plus Report. This aspect received little country with the dose ties to the UK, his or no publicity. experience has been so similar to my own. In the case of Astra I have, apart from a DTI In 1990 my own company, Astra Holdings inquiry and the Scott Inquiry, had much PLC, was collapsed by agents of the state. contact with Select Committees and Therearestrikingparallelswithotheramns- experienced two proper if not very full related companies such as Ferranti/SRC, inquiries into the Supergun affair (Project Polly Peck and a host of smaller companies Babylon and Long Range guns) and Project such as Matrixchurchill, Euromac, Atlantic Lisi/BMARC (export Licensing and Commercial, Forgemasters/Somers and Ordtec. In several cases, government BMARC) by the Trade and Industry Select malpractice has been reluctantlyadmitted. Committee. In addition, I have had detailed Little or nothing has been done to correspondence with and provided compensate individuals for false evidence to the Public Accounts Select imprisonment or ruin, while large well- Committee, the Foreign Affairs Select known corporations have ridden off Committee and the Defence Select unscathed with huge profits - companies Committee. In all cases, I requested that a that were the real centre of illegal activity. proper and full inquiry be instituted into Astra and all its subsidiaries by thevarious My company had ultimately 4,000 committees in question. In each case this employees, many of them long serving, was refused on the grounds of inadequate and in the interests of shareholders, resources or lack of time and availability.

Lobster % page 18 The Chairman of thedefence Committee at Part of the evidence which I gave was Aitken's connection to Astra was simple. the time, Sir Nicholas Bonsor, told me in a published on page 331 of the Trade and He was MP for Thanet where Astra's letter (14 December 1993) to refer much industry ~xportsto Iraq, Minutes of registered office in its early years was incriminating evidence on the Foreign evidence w;dnesday ~egruar~5 1992, situated at Sandwich. Between 1981 and Office, the MOD and Northern Ireland witness Mr Gerald James HMSO ref. 86-X, 1988 I sought Aitken's help extensively in Office to Sir Richard Scott. he said his and reads as follows: 'The statement re developing our business in the defence committee had not the time or resources Iran and Iraq armaments by Secretary for field. Aitkenwas also a banker with Aitken but heassured me in the closing paragraph State for Foreign and Commonwealth Hume and we solicited his help there and of his letter that the Defence Select Affairs - October 29 1985. The guidelines in connection with Middle East sales, Committee would do all they could 'to referred to by Sir Geoffrey Howe appear lobbying against the sale of Royal secure the future our national defence and meaningless. Quite apart from PRB Ordnance. Aitken's connection with the to prevent the reoccurrence of any of the involvement with Iraq (PRB was an Astra Middle East, however, particularly the underhand methods of policy making subsidiary), Astra had through its BMARC Saudi Royal family, was seen as his most which clearly led you and your company, subsidiary in Grantham a contract called valuable attribute. I had much together with many others, to disaster'. I Lisi to supply medium calibre armaments: correspondence and many meetings and sent the evidence and much more to Scott ammunition, weapons and tcoling to many telephone conversations with him as who duly produced a dud report ignoring Singaporefor onward transmission to Iran. well as many meetings at his A1 Bilad offices and omitting these crucial matters. When I This project was run by General Isles, a in Upper Grosvenor Street. So extensively later wrote to Sir Nicholas whom I believe deputy Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, who did we use his services that I offered him a to be a much better man than most, had been a senior officerwith the Ministry directorship and/or consultancy - which he refused. complaining of Scott's failures, he replied: of Defence. The project had fullgovernment 'I note your comments.' Sir Nicholas is approval and was initiated under Astra's In 1988, after we had acquired the Walters now a junior minister at the FCO. previous owners, Oerlikon Buhrle of Switzerland.Astra inherited thissituation.' Group in the USA, expanded into Canada and purchased BMARC in the UK, Aitken At the time no one commented on this I would, however, like to focus specifically approached me and asked to be made a matter except to ridicule me as did HM on the DTI Select Committee. In 190/91 I Main Board director. I was surprised at the Customs. Jonathan Aitken certainly did provided it with much evidence of Astra's approach and change of heart, and after not comment. After the election in April part in the Supergun Affair. I was gravely asking him to provide access tot he Saudi handicapped by the fact that all my personal 1992, Aitken was appointed Procurement Royal family, Wafic Said and Sheik Al- papers and sensitive papers regarding the Minister at the MODreplacing AlanClarke. Athel at a meeting in Geneva, which failed government had been stolen from the Astra to materialise, and at theinsistenceof C. W. companiesby MODpolice acting from M15, The Procurement Minister has Gumbley, our chief executive, and other MI6, Customs, DTI, FCO, MOD and all responsibility at the MOD for the MOD colleagues, Iput himon the BMARC Board. other de~artmentsinvolved in the Police. Between 1990 (after the MODPolice 1 Gumbley and co. thought he should be clandestine shipment of arms to Iran and stole sensitive papers involving further seen to perform before going on the main Iraq. The MOD Police raided Astra's Astra Group companies including board, although I did care so much as he premises sixteen times in 1990, including BMARC) and 1995, the MOD Police, the had tried to be helpful over a long period. subsidiariessuchas BMARC. Nevertheless, MOD, DTI, FCO, Customs, M15, M16, DIS, Aitken explained that he had changed his from my own limited papers which DTI inspectors etc., and the receivers mind about Board appointments as we remained and from files of others I was (Cooper&Lybrand-Mr Barlow appointed now had a more substantial operation able to assemble sufficient information to February 1992) had hidden and concealed largely centred outside his constituency. becommendedbytheSupergunDTISelect papers from the former Astra directors. At a BMARC meetings he attended and all Committee when it reported on 15 March These papers, stolen in the sixteen raids in the Board papers the subject of Project Lisi 1992 - just before the general election. 1990, were denied to the Astra directors was spelled out. While he knew more but during the two DTI Select Committee no less thanother directors it was generally The Committee commended Christopher proceedings in 1991/92 (Supergun) and known in the company that Project Lisi Cow ley of SRC and myself by saying of my 1995/96 (Lisi/BMARC). The documents was for Iran. Chris Gurnbley had confirmed evidence: 'In the course of this inquiry havealso been largely withheld fromother this to me soon after we acquired BMARC. there have beensome conflicts of evidence. Select Committees and disqualification SL>tunreasonably, those most closely proceedings. Back in March 1995, before Heseltine's mvo:ved may have sought to place their announcement in June, I had been own achons m a good light. We have had to On 13 June 1995 and without warning, struggling for five years to recover papers dlstinpsh behrveenwitnesses' accounts Michael Heseltine, now Deputy Prime and documents which would illustrate the of what they knew form their own direct Minister, made a sensational statement in realsituation at Astra, sostudiously ignored experience and what they surmised from the House of Commons saying that by the DTI inspectors in their 548 page others. Much of the hearsay evidence we intelligencedocumentsshowed that project report. Although the inspectors knew about Lisi weaponry had indeed gone to Iran (at Project Lisi and other projects with Iran have heard from some witnesses is not the time Heseltine had been President of and Iraq, run on behalf of the government supported by any corroboration or is in the Board of Trade). A week alter, there and intelligence/security services, within direct conflict with evidence from other was a three hour parliamentary debate on Astra (the real cause of the downfall of witnesses. However, we have treated the BMARC and Project Lisi. The DTI Select Astra by the new MI6 appointed Board of evidence given both orally and in writing Committeeand HM Customswereordered Kock, Barber and Mccam), Project Lisi by Mr Christopher Cowley and Mr Gerald to investigate the matter. A few months and other matters I had drawn attention to James as true with respect to the matters in earlier, Aitken had moved from the MOD were dismissed by the inspectors in which they were directly involved.Onsuch to the position of First Secretary of the paragraphs 1.10 and 1.11 of their report. In matters the evidence of Mr Cowley and Mr Treasury. Due to the rumpus over Project paragraph 1.10 the inspectors said that I James has been confirmed by the evidence Lisi, he resigned in Major's summer 1995 had given them and the DTI select of others, including the MOD.' reshuffle. Committee copious information regarding

page 19 Project Lisiand other matters. In paragraph arrested by HM Customs during our Defence Secretary, was criticised by his 1.11, however, these fundamental issues customs interview. We were the- only fellow shadow defence spokesman, kllan were side-stepped with the words: ' The persons interviewed regarding Lisi by Rogers, for obstructing and preventing views volunteered to us by Mr James Customs to be so arrested. Rogers from asking salient questions about covered a wide range of subjects, certain of the Iran and Iraq trade. which apparently had little or no direct I also prepared very detailed evidence The inquiry itself degenerated into a 'clear fillingabox file togetherwith 18appendices connection with Astra and included Aitken affair', although hewas aperipheral allegations of illegal arms deals involving demonstrating beyond any doubt that and side issue to the purpose of theinquiry., senior UK politicians and civil servants Astra and BMARC's position regarding Sir Anthony Grant, the Committee deputy and allegations of illegal arms deals Iran and Iraq. In themeantime, Scott had to Chairman, was reported as saying at a involving foreign governments and delay his inquiry to obtain Astra/BMARC lunch that 'as far as the Committee was government agencies and the security papers. he had to use Arthur Anderson to concerned, the sole purpose was to give services of the UK and other countries. investigate and even they could not locate Jonathan a clean bill of health'. Whilst Mr James impressed upon his view the more sensitive files which remain that we ought to investigate and report concealed or have been destroyed. The Marhn O'Neill refused toallow me into the these allegations, we concluded that to do terms of theselect ComrnitteeInquiry were press conference but was attacked for so would have involved inquiries which to 'examine the role of the Department of 'suppressing papers and falsifying the report'. I am told that as many as five went beyond what we regarded as the Trade and Industry in granting licences to journalists attacked him, most notably BMARC for the export of naval guns to boundaries of our role as inspectors David high. Although the press were appointed under the Companies Act 1985 Singapore (Project Lisi) and whether past present in forceand TVcameras werethere, to investigate the affairs of Astra. We failings in theexportlicensingsystem have these events were not reported at all - as if accordinglyconcluded itwas inappropriate been corrected.' There was no mention of editors had had their instruct;.ons. for us to embark on an investigation of Aitken and his role. these allegations.' The fundamental point of Aitken's The Committee failed to obtain the involvement as MOD Minister in the The Astra papers stolen by the MODPolice intelligence reports which Heseltine suppwsionof Astra /BMARC papers was continued to be hidden. In March 1995, a promised and failed to interview key not touched by theinquiry. Itwas admitted journalist, Kevin Cahill, enlisted the help witnesses such as the Astra/BMARC sales that !jtefan Kodc and others within Astra of the Scott Inquiry to recover some of the team led by Gumbley and including John and BMARC were DIS and MI5/MI6 agents, and presumably this is why the papers. The Scott Inquiry, ashamed perhaps Selles, Alan Clark, Steve Yates, Graham intelligence papers were not released. that it had done little or nothing to obtain Willet etc.. Contradictory written statements and questionnaires also notablc the Astra papers which were vital to their It would indeed be ironic to see that those own inquiry and which I had reminded for their omissions were no substitute for who were running and administering the them of for three years, decided to help. oral evidence. I filed an affidavit from contracts likeLisi werealso thosereporting They told Cahill that they would give a Gumbley in appendix 11 to my Select on them to government, who could then Court order if the receiver and others Committee evidence which contradicts claim they did not know when a former continued to withhold Astra papers. Gumbley's written evidence to a thin director, later Minister, helped to suppress Barlow, the receiver at Coopers & Lybrand questionnaire - of course, there was no the evidence. The inquiry's press release who up to this point had assisted the follow up by the Committee. No mention had the audacity to claim 'it has the power government cover-up, panicked and with was made in the Report of my reporting to send for persons, papers and records'. Tim Laxton, another journalist, I had Lisi in previous evidence in 1991 or my One wonders why it did not do so. meetings with the receiver and his staff. As previous commendation by a committee The same day as the inquiry reported, a result, the receiver reluctantly released a that included threeof thecurrent members: Michael Portillo, the Defence Secretary, Keith Hampson, Sir Anthony Grant and list of files he held and a few documents, admitted, as reported in an article by including some BMARC Board minutes Barry Porter (all Conservatives). Anthony Bevins in the Independent, that and supporting papers. Laxton was amazed Scott had been misled regarding the role of when he and Cahill saw that Aitken had Although thecommittee found what I said Royal Ordnance in the arms to Iraq saga. attended Board meetings where Lisi was to be true regarding Iran and the export of The rot goes very deep and if Parliament is mentioned and discussed. Previously and weapons via Singapore, the real purpose as feckless as thecurrent Trade and Industry unbeknown to me, Tim Laxton had written of the inquiry, they came to the bizarre Select Committee, what hope is there for to Aitkenabout Project Lisi and Aitken had conclusion that Mr Aitken did know and open, proper and honest government? denied any knowledge whatsoever. Laxton that I was an unreliable witness. At the with Chris Blackhurst then wrote a series actual oral hearings I was heckled and 'If good men (or women) do notlung, evil of articles about Lisi in the Independent shouted at by as many as seven UPS at a will prevail.' which caused a furore over Aitken. I was time, in what other MPs have told me was asked did he, Aitken, know and, of course, a deliberate stitch-up. Martin O'Neil, the had to say yes, unless he had closed his Chairman, was rude and abusive and eyes and not read the Board papers. conducted himself in the manner of a Gerald lames' In the Public Interest is now 'goodnight Jimmy Scotsman'. Only available in paperback by Warner Books. Also After the furore over Lisi, the appointment Anderson, the only other oral witness who out in paperback is 'a lay person's guide to the of the DTI Select Committee Inquiry and tried to be truthful, was treated anywhere hottest political went of 1996' - 'Knee Deep in Customs Inquiry, a large element of my near as shabbily. Dishonour: TheScott ReportandltsAftermath' former colleagues ran for cover, denying by Richard Norton-Taylor, Mark Lloyd and that they knew and contradicting After Ken Warren retired as Chairman, the Stephen Cook (Victor Gollancz) price L9.99. themselves by making up new stories as DTI Select Committee Chairman was they went along. Of the Astra/BMARC Richard Cabom. I corresponded with him Rodney Stich's 'Defrauding America: A pattern directors, only John Anderson and myself and his successor O'Neill on many of related scandals' (Diablo Press, 1994) is wereopen and frank, asIhadbeenin1990/ occasions but never had the courtesy of a available for $30.00 (including p&p)from PO 91. 0;r reward for honesty was to be personal reply. O'Neill, when shadow Box 5, Alamo CA 94507, USA.

Lobster 96 Norman Mailer shooting in Dallas. 'One would not be Oswald's Tale: An American Mystery necessarily surprised if indeed there was Little, Brown and Company, 1995 another shot, it was not necessarily fired by a conspirator of Oswald's. Such a gun John Newman could have belonged to another lone killer Oswald and the CIA or to a conspirator working for some other Carroll & Graf, 1995 group altogether ... It is not inconceivable that two gunmen with wholly separate Peter Dale Scott purposes both fired in the same lacerated Deep Politics 11: Essays on Oswald, seconds of time.' Against such a scenario, Mexico and Cuba, The New Revelations the odds of wining theLottery appear quite in U.S. Government Files, 1994-95 reasonable. Available from Alan Rogers, 8614 North Hamlin Avenue, Skokie, IL 600076-2210, Mailer, though, is not out to document the USA - $15.00 minute technical arguments concerning the number of shots in Dealey Plaza. The aim Ray and Mary La Fontaine of the book, he informs us, is'delineationof Oswald Talked: TheNew Evidence in the character'. It is Mailer's achievement to JFK Assassination rescue Oswald from the simplistic view Pelican Publishing, 1996 which portrayed himas anawkward social failure and, instead, present a rounded As with most things, the Kennedy individual; flawed indeed, but a assassination is subject to fashion; theories resourceful, strong-willed personality. and explanations come and go. In the aftermath of Oliver Stone's contentious film If Oswald is the lone killer, as Mailer JFK, there was a well-publicised backlash suggests, then by the end of the book we against conspiracy theories culminating in should be offered an explanation for his Gerald Posner's even more controversial actions on 22 November 1963. Mailer book, Case Closed. Now we have Norman provides it: 'The answer speaks out of our Mailer's non-ficiion masterpiece, understanding of him: it was the largest (publisher's blurb) which marks down Lee opportunity he had ever been offered.' Harvey Oswald as the lone assassin. Oswald was a 'nihilist' who was above capitalism and communism. 'The world Mailer's documentary coup is to have was in crisis and the social need was to gained exclusive access to the KGB files on createconditions for recognising that there Oswald during his time in the Soviet Union. had to be a new kind of society.' The world Working with the investigator and long- would be awakened by the killing of time collaborator, Larry Schiller, Mailer President Kennedy who was 'too good'. also managed to interview many of the Fate, it seems, put Oswald at the sixth floor people who knew the young American of the Book Depository building. defector in Minsk and Moscow. This is valuablematerialand illuminates what was This is not very convincing as a motive and previously a mysterious period inOswald's is difficult to reconcile with the fact that life. Sadly, it is somewhat let down by the Oswald, who was an admirer of the failureto include any worthwhilefootnotes, President, repeatedly claimed whilst in leaving the reader to take on trust the custody that he was 'a patsy'. research in the KGB archives. The second part of the book details Oswald's time in Publishers make much of the oft repeated American and contains little that we did claim that a novelist can bring facts to not already know. 'vibrant life' but this rarely turns out to be thecase (don DeLillo's Libra was abrilliant Oswald's Tale is guided by the principal of exception). Mailer, despite his long and Ockham'sRazor: 'The simplest explanation successful track record, fails. The book, that covers all the facts is likely to be the especially in the first half set in Belorussia, correct explanation.' That is an excellent isoften dull and tedious. There are sections principle by which to work but at every of the American story, where Mailer is turn Mailer eschews the odd, the more at ease, which areexcellent andclearly unexplained, the contradictions and the the work of a craftsman. Weighing in at facts that do not quite fit. Anyone who 31bs, 851 pages and costing E25.00, this is, studies the JFK assassination with serious however, a 'big book' which tries to impress intent soon discovers that there is nothing- through sheer size. simple about it. It is a complex subject and refuses, despite the best and worst efforts The publicity suggests that by answering of themany buffs, tobe reduced to a simple the question: 'Who was Oswald?' we will conspiracy or single assassination theory. discover 'Who killed Kennedy?'. After reading this book, the questions remain Mailer is grudgingly aware of this and open. Oswald remains an enigma. We still proposes a truly bizarre solution for the do not know, and may never, know, what

Lobster 96 page 21 happened between the time Oswald was The title is somewhat misleading in that paper, 'Oswald didn't talk - but John seen drinking a coke in the lunchroom on this is a reversion to the old style of minute Thomas Masen does'. Despite all their talk the first floor at 12.25 pm, apparently textual analysis of his major, largely about coming to the investigation with a unconcerned about the visit of the unpublished, JFK works. fresh approach and unencumbered with President, and the shots being fired from previous conspiracy baggage, the La the sixth floor 12.30 pm. Mailer has not Scott' s book compliments Newman's and Fontaine's cannot see what is obvious, ,come any closer to filling in those crucial there is something of a consensus emerging namely that Elrod did not talk to Oswald five minutes. (see page 18of the Lopez Report on Mexico and that the person he may have talked to City or page 10of theoriginal draft by Scott was the Dallas gunshop owner, Thomas John Newman, fresh from his masterpiece on Lopez - slightly different in the published Masen. on JFK and Vietnam, is not interested in version). Essentially, Oswald was the character nor what Oswald did in Dealey subject of a super secret counter-intelligence Masen, who had the only supply in the Plaza. Newman is concerned aboutoswald molehunting investigation beginning in State of the type of ammunition owned by the file and with how and why the CIA, 1959. Oswald, is a very interesting character and and to a lesser extent theFBI and theMilitary is well worth pursuing. Added to which, file(s) on Oswald were constructed. In addition, suspicion surrounding the they have uncovered new material on the mercenary Thomas Davies who may have Using his personal experience in Military events in Mexico City, Oswald and the Intelligence, Newman painstakingly assassination appears to be focused on the known Ruby. If the La Fontaines had reconstructs Oswald's intelligence files CIA'S mysterious Staff D, a signals acknowledged their mistake and followed using the mass of recently released intelligence operation run in conjunction these leads, then their book may have led documents now available following the with the National Security Agency. A somewhere Unfortunately, they did not setting up by President Clinton of a review hiding place for other ultra-secret and cmehastheimpression that somewhere board on the assassination - interestingly, operationsrunby JamesAngleton, in 1961, along the line they hew that they had made in response to Oliver Stone's movie. it was headed by William Harvey, who made a massive mistake and instead of For those withonly a passing interest in the had been assigned the task of organising admrtting carried on. dipgthemselves subject - forget this book. theCIA's assassinationproject ZR/RIFLE. into an ever deeper hole. According to the testimony of Peter Wright, The book is badly edited, or should I say Harvey had been working with Angleton Unfortunately,their novelistic writing style totally unedited, and is generally a mess on the programme. and annoying habit of self-promotion are with a few irritating errors. In parts it is a real negatives and do not inspire much real chore to wade through and for the CIA operational names are always sympathy for their plight. This is nowhere majority of readers will make as much proceeded by a twoletter communications more evident than in their truly bizarre sense as reading the telephone book. code. According to Scott, the ZR treatmentof SylviaOdio, thecubanrefugee However, for genuine buffs this is a must. cryptonyms were normally assigned toCIA whosaid that she had been visited by two I have now read it twice and the second radio monitoring projects which collected anti-communist Cubans, accompanied by reading began to reveal its full power. It is data for the NSA. What Scott does not say ~'(Xwald'beforetheassassination. There full of gems and marks the beginning of a but which I believe to be true is that these is nodung wrong in being critical of this new stage in the inquiry. This is where all secret NSA channels were controlled cptsode - I have my own reservations - but other research will have to start from. It is, perhaps, in its own way, as significant and Angleton. ZR/Taffy, for instance, was the way they do so is pretty dishonourable. as important as Anthony Summers' Angleton's private channel to Londan Conspiracy. concerning the molehunt in London. What There is nothing more amusing than is becoming clear is that Angleton's watching someone attempt to marshal1the The material linking Oswald to the origins fingerprints are to be found all over the wideme against a person and then discover of the Inolehunts and the U-2 programme, assassination, before and after. The cover- that the evidence actually supports the the CIA monitoring of the Fair Play for up and the setting-up of Oswald are aact opposite of the argument that they Cuba Committee and involvement in connected. Whether they are joined in the are putting forward. So it is in this case. Cointelpro operations, and the detailed middle by the actual assassination is still Despite an exhaustive attempt to look at the strange goings-on in Mexico not known but seems tantalisingly Wcely. rPdamine Odio's testimony, a dose textual City strongly suggest that there really is mabgof theii evidence shows Sylvia, in something very important and mysterious If one has the i~npressionthat Scott and my vkv, to be renvrlrably consistent in at the heart of the Oswald story. Newman are pushing forward the the nmt minute detlils of her story. The investigation in a way not seen for many odd criticisms they amke have been Unfortunately, Newman was forced to go years, there is no such feeling after reading amwed in a summary of a conversation into print early by his publishers which the La Fontaine' book which arrives with which Tany Summas had with Odio in meant that not all of the continuing much hype. late June at this years and which were avalanche of new material was consulted, subsequartly forwarded to a July meeting so the findings are provisional which Despite talk of new evidence, this one falls San accounts for the pulling of punches when it in Frandsco of leading assassination comes to considering conclusions. We will flat with its central thesis that a John Elrod, wabchers (copy in my possession - thanks have to wait for Tony Summers 'up-dated who was in the Dallas jail on the day of the Tony). version of Conspiracy for Newman's latest assassination, actually spoke to Oswald, on Mexico City. who told him about his involvement with What had beeneagerly awaited (including Jack Ruby in an arms deal. That would by me) turns out to be just another JFK For those who can not wait I recommend have been sensational new evidence if true assassination book. Peter Dale Scott's collection of studies on but it simply is not. Carol Hewett has some of the new material, Deep Politics 11. convincingly demolished the idea in a

Lobster 96 page 22 I had the pleasure of attending the first wasn't very well and decided to leave and for the truth. That's the problem with European Conference on the assassination retired two years ago. I mostly had anything to do with John Kennedy. The of President John F. Kennedy in Liverpool assignments to do with overseas NSA fact of the matter is that he ordered the on 27-28 July which was sponsored by facilities and army listening posts and a withdrawal to start in October 1963. We've Dallas 63 and the American Coalition on few jobs which were strictly army jobs but got the NSC minutes, the tapes, although Political Assassinations. I did not really mostly intelligence community work - they are still secret. McNamara has been klieve that it would happen, given the national intelligence estimates. quoting from them in the United States. It logstics and finance involved, but was has beencausing a bit of a stink. Apparently, happy and surprised to see an impressive How did theJFKand Vietnambookcomeabout? there is a taped record of the argument that line of speakers from across the pond and erupt inside the NSC when he gave the a good crowd for the sessions. The All three of my degrees - Chinese studies order. It'spointless to resistbutpeople still organisers deserve praise for their efforts. the first one, MA east Asian studies, the do. doctorate, all of those programmes had Some of it was a little to much like focused on east Asia, and, of course, that is When you started ofdid you read Peter Dale trainspotting for my taste but I had a good inseparable from the Vietnam War. My Scott's piece? time seeing old friends such as Andrew mainconcentration had been on theChina Rosthorne and being able to put faces to situation and the Chinese leadership and Of course. I owned a set of the Pentagon long-term Lobster readers such as Mike the moment that I picked the doctoral Papers which has a volume five and has Royden, Harry Irwin. In fact, I think1 spent dissertation I was encouraged to leave my some essays by Daniel Elsberg and so I more time talking about other subjects than safety zone and show some mettle within have been aware of Peter Dale Scott's about the assassination, but that is usually the field of Asian history. So I chose chapter. I also had his little book, War the case at these type of events. Kennedy and Vietnam because nothing Conspiracy, which came out a number of had been done ... and so the book is my years ago. Peter did not have the luxury of The real reason I went was to see John doctoral dissertation. the kind of documentation that I had, fifteen Newman, whose books, JFK and Vietnam or twenty years later. I was careful to point and Oswald and the CIA, have greatly What was the reaction when you said that out in my conclusion that Peter had arrived impressed me for their thorough research wanted to do that? at substantially the same conclusion many and analysis. His work is at the moment years ago. And I think that it to his credit. the most important with regard to the Well, it actually tooka year. It was a serious assassination. By chance, he was the first business at George Washington University What were the reviews like? I thought it was a person I met when I registered at the and there was a committee A couple of brilliant book. Chomsky came out against it: Britannia Adelphi Hotel and I managed to criteria were involved - breaking new interview him for over an hour. The ground overturning orthodoxies. There is following is unedited and not tidied up for the consideration of the level at which you I know it is anamazing thing to watch. You consumption as so many interviews are must perform to write a doctoral know I can't separate Chomsky from the nowadays. dissertation so the preliminary idea floated right-wing attack. I think you have to see and given permission to research it as a them both together to appreciate how Could you tell us something about your possibilityso I spenta whole year travelling thoroughly muddled this story is in background: around the various archives looking at the America and how the politics of the sixties, possibility of continuity between the two the politics of the war, are stilI obscuring In Military Intelligence for 21 years. administrations [Kennedy- Johnson]might our ability to discuss these things rationally. Generally a south-east Asia orientation to be wrong. I thought that the evidence was I was very naive when I took it on. I was my work. Eight years enlisted, thirteen overwhelming for the reverse. So I sure that the passage of thirty years was years as an officer for a good deal of the presented my case to the Committee and enough ... time that this wasn't going tobe time. General military intelligencemeaning they encouraged me to go ahead with it a factorbut Chomsky got soexercised about anything that we would do OII the and I took the maximum time allotted, all it that he wrote a book about it, Rethinking battlefield to find out about the enemy. five years, and defended it against a very, Camelot, largely devoted to an attack on Chinese linguist turned analyst, specialist very conservative committee headed by my book but, in essence, his view against in traffic analysis - the art of figuring out Ronald Reagan's assistantsecretary of state me is a personal one. - a hagiographer .... something without all the data, looking at for east Asia and a couple of former although hedoes refertolotsof documents, the externals of something using various ambassadors who had been there at the which is someone who seeks to make a methodologies to ascertain something time and who had been schooled in the saint of John Kennedy. My criticisms of about it ... pretty much anart and sciencein orthodox school of thought .... Passed with Kennedy, Chomsky dismisses as itself. honours. fraudulent .... as a smokescreen ... that late at night I light a candle and bend down on Pretty much a desk job? What was their reaction? one knee. He looks at me as part of a pattern of journalists, academicswho have The problem originates in message traffic They were convinced that I had made my idolised Kennedy and put him on a r\.hch is coded and can be broken or one case. and they also said that they enjoyed pedestal. >as to figure it out anyway ... this is reading it. The problem here, is that there is zmerally an art . Eventually, because my still resistance in 1996. Because most people At the same time that Chomsky had been *:a icnic careerbegan todevelop, mywork think that it effects other things .. that doing that other people like Bill Buckley as 1.- ..ificer focused more and more Kennedy was a good man, a bad man ... the had been comparing my book to the hpc5:~;iy on south-east Asia especially politics of John Kennedy. We are to be argument that whites had infected blacks -2 qard to Chna and Thailand and detached academics, that objective, and with aids on purpose. Harry Summers - a iGr+ KLmg ... in the eighties up to 1991. I that don't mix up politics with the search syndicated columnist who had written l.dsrsr% page 23 books on strategy in Vietnam - saying between American advisers and ground be naive and so narrow 'Major Newman had vilified Kennedy combat units. It's not even the same beyond the wildest dreams of his worst universe. That's theproblemthese analyses Deep Politics then? enemies.' ... with these advisers being the same as Johnson's combat troops. I find that whole Peter is a much deeper thinker than those So here I was, getting up in the morning - argument specious and just an apology for that want to latch onto something that

' am I a hagiographer or a vilifier? So you American interventionism. It's made more quick. Its the American way. The way we have to ask yourself, did these two men, by theright-wing than the left-wing, though are in the press. Give me the answer who Chomsky and Summers, read the same the farther you go out on the edge with did it. Peter Scott is one of the people who book. Noam He seems to be in complete synch cares less about the quick answer than the I did not like Kennedy in particular but after with the American right-wing on this. process of how we discover truth, so I reading your book I think Ido. For all his faults respect him. I don't agree with everything. because he was about to make a very wise As a result, Chomsky, not completely But he is unusually good. decision. because of his work but because of his contribution to this debate has had a Did you have any pre-knowledge of the jFK Well, there were several very wise considerable impact in bringing about the assassination investigations? decisions. He also made some terrible ones. disarray that is on the American left-wing. I am now writing a book on Kennedy and No.Thiswhole Oswald bookwas a detour. Cuba. His performance during the missile Chomsky is one of the veryfew out there in the My plan was to do a series on American crisis is going to get high marks but American media to be able to say these things - foreign policy in the sixties. Farrar, Strauss elsewhere in 1963 and '61 he made terrible whether right or wrong? will re-issue that with new material. decisions. My point was to look at him as a Kennedy in Cuba starts in the last year of real person as a political animal who On this issue, on Vietnam, the JFK the Eisenhower administration and then I sometimes made good decisions. assassination when Chomsky made his track Cuba from December 1959 all the Sometimes he did not ask the right initial arguments many fallowed his lead way through toFebruary 1964, Kennedy in questions in meetings on Vietnam. - sycophants like Alexander Cockburn and Cuba. Oswald. I did so much work on Certainly he was not a deep president or others - sprouti~gthe same line from below. these files when Frontline hired me for a well organised but someonewho hadgood documentary two or three years ago. They instinct at times and those instincts kept us To Michael Ferranti, Peter Dale Scott and panicked when fifty - one hundred new out of wars. But that's a mediocreview and there are others it became clear that there boxes appeared in the archive - what if doesn't square with Kennedy as hero or is major schismon these issues on the left ... there is a smokinggun in there, they thought villain which is the political landscape the a divorcing of Chomsky's position - so they hired me. A lot of work. Americans like to think Kennedy in. Being happening now on this one thing from in the middle is the worst place of all. what he argues elsewhere. Iget phone calls from Chomsky supporters a1 the time - What was yourfirst impression? Is it not a 16,000 advisers is rather a lot. please forgive him, he really is a good guy. huge coincidence that the person involved in He is making a mistake on this one thing. the crime of the century has all this intelligence Of courseit is. No question about that. JFK Quite amusing ... though not if you arenot material on him? increased the American stake and a left-wing supporter. I find it amusing commitment in Vietnam considerably. But because1am notsoattached. I likewatching Exactly. I can't tell you the feeling on that totakethat and placeit next towhat Lyndon left and right wings disintegrating over very first day. There was a period in the Johnson did ...... I use the thermometer ideological positions. spring of 1993 when the CIA put the first analogy that the temperature in the fifty boxes in the archives with no fanfare. thermometer under Eisenhower goes up From the mire of that you launched into the 1 worked with Scott Malone. Went night two degrees, three under Kennedy, five Kennedy assassination. Is thereany connection after night, month after month. I must tell under Johnson and, therefore, we have with Vietnam or they totally separate events? you that in the first twenty-four hours 1 increasing commitment under three was shell-shocked because even in those successive administrations. The problem I got involved with Oliver Stone. I wrote first boxes there were cover sheets is as in physics, matter changes form at some of the scenes in the movie. I don't indicating the precise officers that had different degrees. There are points, endorse that hypothesis. I don't deny it maintained separate files on this man and thresholds. What weare talking about are either. I just don't thinkthereisany evidence having spent twenty-one years inside that ground combat troops. for it. If you were to ask me for the sake of very community, I knew what that meant. argument put on your conspiracy hat and It meant that there was an extraordinary Imagine yourself a Vietcong in the rice play conspiracy, I can't come up with a amount of interest in this man from 1959. paddy observing when there are 16,000 credible scenario where a high group of He was under an eIectron microscope . American advisers in Vietnam. On a day to conspirators gets energised enough over And the thought that this guy who was in day basis you would see a South the single issue of Vietnam to murder the the cross-hairs of half-dozen intelligence Vietnamese battalion. The Americans in President. agencies walks upon the president and that troop would be three or four. Maybe shoots him from his office window ... I still with an attached commander ... they may I can see them being very upset, scuttling have difficulty comprehending this, have rifles and may shoot at you. Now in his withdrawal plan, which they did. But that same rice field and tell me what it if we are looking at conspiracy, I would be We havebeentold that this was somenutty looks like to see the lOlst Airborne or an looking at a far broader spectrum of cold guy that therewasn't anyparticular interest. American armoured division. war differences in the administration,arms Sure, nutty guys can kill someone but this control, dialogue with Castro, opening up guy was well-knownwithin the intelligence The Vietcong will tell you the difference with Khruschev. To pick out Vietnam is to community... Everyonewaswatching him.

Lobster 96 page 24 Dld you get anywhere with Military They eventually identified three linear feet fight on the phone. He did not want any of lntell~gence? of records on Oswald. these files released. He thought that it was going to destroy the country. And I kept There are some revelations in there. For - Unfortunately, at this point the tape ran out asking him why. I kept waving the flag mnstance, I came across the fact that Army and some conversation was missed about back at him - Freedom of Information is lntelligence was following him around Oswaldand theFPCCin Dallasanda discussion what this country is all about. So were

, New Orleans picking up his Fair Play for about CIA communication prefixes. Wepick it waving the flag back and forth for twenty Cuba leaflets - that was brand new. The up again with Newman talking about the minutes and then he hung up. It was the question you have asked is an important mystery of the molehunt and Oswald, and in most bizarre conversation that I have ever one. The problem with answering the particulartheroleofAngleton whowashoarding had. question ... The history of the act and in formation Oswald and depriving other CIA Clinton's delaying tactics screwed up the departments of the material. The molehunts seem to have been going on far process and agencies for a while were able earlier than many of us realised. to interpret what was deemed an Presumably the only reason the CIA Soviet assassination record their own way. The Russia people knew about the newspaper I made a thorough attempt to identify NSA, DIA said we don't have records and articles [onOswald's defectionto the Soviet everythingthatwas writtenaboutthis.The they were free to do that because there was Union] was that they happened to be reason that you may have this perception no standard government wide definition. reading the Sunday edition of the is because that this the way it unfolds. It Washington Post that Halloween of 1959 wasn't until more recently, the last five I did get involved in this. I read every because if they did not see it in the years, Peter GroseonDulles and Mangold's single CIA piece of material - half-a-million newspaper at home even the news clipping on Angleton, better information. It's all CIA, an enormous amount of FBI files, a inside the CIA were not sent they were all anecdotal but as I can tell you as you move lesser number of Naval Intelligence - in the held over in Angleton's office until the forward in time it is clear that themolehunts process of doing that if I ever observed an spring of 1960, almost six months. So that go back earlier and earlier. The piece that I Army release by oneof theseother agencies until the U-2 shootdown ... Once the U-2 have written starts with the U-2 I put into another file. At the end of the two episode was behind us then suddenly the programme. Theoriginal fearwas that there year period, the file was aninch thick. I had Soviet Russia division was made privy to was a mole in the U-2 programme. This Army agents in Cuba and counter- the Oswald files. All very interesting!! comes from a Soviet defector, who told us intelligenceoperations in conjunctionwith that they had found such and such about the CIA and they were part of the same Do you have any theories on that? the programme. Some KGB agent inside people and personalities who crop in American intelligence they had managed conspiracy books and in official I have written a piece which I am sharing to get hold of. This is interesting because at investigations so they were right in the with Peter Dale Scott.We are bothworking the time Oswald defects in 1959 the search middle of it too. on the molehunting problem a little more for the mole isn't inside the Soviet division, now it seems that's one of the things which it is inside the U-2 programme And what Idid about this? Insteadof trying my book pointed at but I was a bit tentative toconstruct a picturebased on thematerial about several hypotheses early onincluding Now, during the time Oswald is inside Ihad, whichIfound insufficient to anything theidentity of theof the Russiawhoworked Russia the focus shifts in the spring 1960 major with, I went to the Army. I still had for Radio Moscow who was walking ,shifts maybe as early as November 1959 four months to go to retirement. It turns around taking photographs of Oswald. but certainly no later than the spring, it out at this time that the manwho rose to the WhatIdidnoticnow whenIwrote thebook shifts to SR division and that is another top of our Army Intelligence,deputy Chief was that that was the same photograph interesting thing when you talk about SR of Staff for Intelligence, Major-General which showed up in the US newspapers. division not being privy to Oswald's file Owens, had been a been a commander of We have no idea how US newspapers can not even the newspaper clippings, and yet mine many years before. He liked me so get a hold of this photograph at the the molehunters are. And yet by 1961/62 much that he helped me gain increased Metropole Hotel. I was probably too its in a terrible state. I interviewed guys in responsibilities. The point being, I looked tentative but I built an hypothetical case of the SR division who claimed that they could at him as my main mentor, so there was a human CIA source up close with Oswald not run operations anywhere because it connectivity between us. whilst he was there. Rereading my own was paralysed by that point. But the origin book, it was clear that the way to go is the goes back much further. I called him and said I was retiring and say molehunters - Angleton, Birch O'Neil. goodbye to Owens, I walked over to the Which accounts for the interest in Oswald's Pentagon and had a little talk. I got up to I actually had a conversation with O'Neil background in Japan. say goodbye and said: 'Oh, by the way, I before he died in which he swore me to thought that you might be interested to see secrecy, but I feel that I can now feel I can Exactly. I will tell you now that one of my what the CIA have released on Army talk about it now he's dead. He called me criticisms of my book - actually I wanted material.' He said: 'This is going to be up when he heard that I was looking for another year to workon that book ... lots of released publicly?' - 'Sure.' him. Noone has had acall fromhimbefore. typographical errors - in any event I would His first words were - "I want to see who have fleshed out the molehunt material. ~ota call from the head of Army Counter- this professor from Maryland was ... Okay :-:c:i~gence. Owens had ordered an so the papers came across my desk and But we will see more of that? ----.=

I.-A: -::,entally, I had never heard of editionof that book. Once thereview board m.rr -22 :t~eivedorders from Owens. So we got into this big argument and had a has come and gone, with new documents there, I will sit down and rectify all my weren't willing to accept the cover story into real trouble for doing some wrong. mistakes and try and go to the next level. and just told the truth. There was great You hide the backup copies and destroy It's not a priority at the moment. I feel that consternation because they knew who he everything. That is what was going on in I have done my job. With my background, was. the first week. I at least made a hole in the line ... and let some other people come riding through. Did the Mexico Embassy know what would Dick Helms asked everybody all over the happen in headquarters? CIA. Almost everyone said - 'Not me'. We I could ask you about Mexico City? have a list. Helms prepared it to prepare Of course, In the Win Scott's chapter which for thevisitof Dan Rather. Thisguy walked The keys to the kingdom are in there you has been declassified in which he explains around even the medical services. I have a know. that everything wassent by cable and memo basement of files now. The paper came not he names exactly how quickly they found from the official files but all those soft files Absolutely, but lack of time. I will just ask one out about Oswald. There wasn't one detail whch is reconstructed from the safety last question. I was interested in the lack of that was left out. The problem is that today copies which people were hiding in desk interest in Kostikov in Mextco and yet it caused we only have fragments left. There was draws. uproar in CIA headquarters. The telegram is wholesale obliteration of that record. very cool in its approach given the alarm bells Kostikov in particular. Another one - they which should have rung in the US Embassy in didn't know that Oswald went into the Would you say that after thirty years perhaps it Mexico. Cuban consulate. Now after Ke~edydied doesn't mtbwlw killed JFK as this whole I'm not surprised that people in Mexico they began to analyse their data and - Oh aflairactualJytells usagreat dealabout the way did not have a clue about Kostikov. CIA goodness, Oswald went to the Cuban M are gorrcnud? operations in the field are consulate. They routinely destroyed the compartmentalised in the same way they tapes. Again, oh my goodness we actually Exactly. 1 agree with you. I don't want to are in headquarters. That does not mean, had Oswald tapes. The purpose was to say that it doesn't matter, of course, it however, that some people there would prevent an investigation of the president's mattemandifwe can find theanswer that's not have had the responsibility to know murder from taking a track which would great. And if it was a conspiracy then lets who were Kostikov and Department 13 indicate a dereliction of duty inside the hang the son-of-a-bitch from a flagpole, [wet affairs]. Clearly, there was great Agency. All this information - Oswald in cut his finger tips off and let him bleed to consternation immediately that namecame the Cuban consulate in the middle of these death. But there are moreimportant things up. Here is the problem even if now sensitiveoperations against Castro.Oswald than hat, principally whether American President Clinton hereby authorised it ... if was in contact - set aside whether he made demxr#y works today, issues like that. you could look at any document on the threat or not - all that had to go away. Whose history is it? The peoples? As you Kostikov and Mexico City, you wouldn't Official knowledge about what Oswald say larger issues about whether the find the answer to your questions because did down there had to be destroyed. apparatus worksor is out of control. Larger the record has been doctored. The reason is~iueswhich come from the opening up of that it has been doctored is because one of Is this really about intelligence bureaucracies? thae files which go well beyond the little the cover stories that was put into place argument of who is right or wrong ... be it after the assassination, there arenot a great I suppose but it is deeper than that. oorrspiracy or not conspiracy. many of them but there are a dozen or so, oneinparticular, haswrecked theKostikov Does it connect it connect to theassassination? k it parsible to construct intelligence agencies story and rendered answers to the type of rdrich are accountable? questions you just asked - on documentary I don't know the answer but I can give you level - make it impossible to prove it. an answer which is part of the equation. 1think that we have to try.Theeffortsso far You saw what happened to everyone who bvebeen not only ineffective but a joke. All you can do is make reasonable had touched OJ Simpson's files. Even in a We have to sign a form that we are not assumptions that they should have known marginal way, even for half a day had going to spy on domestic targets etc. The who Kostikov was. The cover story is that analysed them. Those people had to buy wkk oversight pnxess is a joke. If we they didn't know that Kostikov was in new suits, haircuts, every aspect of their don't get serious about the actual Department 13 until after the assassination. life was under a microscope. And OJ was ~~WUNIIby which an individual stays Yes, it was in the database but no one had only accused of killing two citizens, here the realised it yet, that we are in possession of on lodrout for abuse, the agencies will we have people accused of killing the selfdestruct because the people won't put this stuff and until an analyst had gone president of the United States. The problem through it. They claim technical possession up with it for ever. Right now the right- is a very sensitive department of the of the knowledge. What that allowed them wing is riled up about it. Sooner or later if intelligence network has desk draws of to do was to be innocent of failing to something isn't done that is serious we stuff on this man. Watching him close for transmitting information to the FBI and won't have an intelligence community. Navy with whom they had had a co- years including using him - I think I can operative relationship about Oswald for prove that in Mexico City. In other areas I 1 would shorten the declassification cycle five years. No one had the foggiest idea don't have enough evidence to make a to four and eight years blocksso that people who this man was. convincing case. I want you to image going to the ballot box really know what Saturday morning and they pick up a happened. Iwould like tosee the polygraph newspaper over a cup of coffee and there's test expanded and questions asked of We know its a lie. And that was one of the Oswald's picture - He killed the President. people who would protect us from abuse. sensitive parts of the Eddie Lopez report You get into your car and drive to your I'm not going to say that it will fix the on Mexico City. In there they had office immediately. You make some back- problem but untilwestart takingsteps like interviewed some of the people who up copies. This is a guy who is going to get that no one will take us serious about this. Lobster 96 page 26 I CONFIDENTIAL

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AVOWAL OF THE SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE Suoarln:enong 'Sir limothy Daunt. KCMG I. THIS CESCRIBES THE PRACTICAL IKPUCATIONS WHIMm AND m NOT FOlLOW PROU THE AVOWAL OF SIS (UIP GUIDANCE). DEPARTMENTAL DESIGNATION: Z SEC'JRIIY - 2. THE AC:CIOWLEDGP(ENT OF THE EXISTENCE OF SIS mEs NOT (NOT) UEAN T.UT THE DETAIL OF SIS STAFF IDENTITIES, DEPLD~NT,COVER Room No. XRRXVGEUENTS, OPERATIONS AND UODUS OPERAND1 AFS ANY LESS SEXSITI'JE TM'i THEY WERE BEFORE AVOWAL. ALL THE EXISTING SEC!!BITY ?.NO COVER PRECAUTIONS 1.FTENDED TO PROTECT THESE APZA.5 CPI 1015 Ivan Callan. CMG SHOUL~aE YA:NTAINED.

I. CORRESPONDENCE REUTING TO SIS WILL CONTINUE TO BE GI'IEN AN Personal Assistant CN in14 Miss Susie Storm-Turner APPRCPRIATE SECURITY CIXSSIFICATION. ALTHOUGH THE EXISTENCE OF MBE THE SERVICS IS LXCIASSIFIED, XOST M(ATTERS RELATING TO IT TOUCH ?:ess Officer Peter Willis ON THE AREAS .REFERRED TO IN PARA 2 ABOVE AND THEREFORE -IN W 22 :Diplomatic Service aspecls) SEC.XET. Legal Adv~ser K 188 Ms E Wilmshurst 3epanmenlal Security Off~cer CN 1012 Barry Nicholas 4. YOU SHOULD CONTIWE TO USE THE CONVENTION 'OUR FRIENDS' ;I iC2 CIPJ2SPONDENCE FOR THE PXSENT. IT HAS ADVAHTAGES IN PROVI3ING AU EXTRA L4YER OF PROTECTION TO PAPERS KENTIONING SIS 3ATTERS.

,.,,-,.;>STAS REACTION ENCCIRY POINT CN 1010 5. 51s RE?RESE!4TATIVES .WILL CONSULT HEAD OF UISSION ON RECSIPT OF PWLLEL BRIEFING Faon THEIR SERVICE ABOUT THE I.WLIUTIONS keac a: Sec; on CN 1013 Mike Murray OF AVOWAL AT THEIR PARTICUM POST. MISSIONS EIS.EWCLXE WO AC Gene:at i~ason:all munfries FOR THE AGENCIES WITH LDCAL SEmITY AND IHTELLIGENCS SWVICES SHOULD EXPLAIN THAT AVOWAL OF SIS WSNO DIPFUUXCE TO mDil Miss Marga~ethaTaylor, CONFIDENTIdLITY OF THEIR EXCHANGES. ALL UX =ED STAEP MBE OVERSEAS SHOULO UONITOR THE LDCU KEDIA RUCTION (IF ANY) TO AVOWAL AND ALERT SIS COLLUIGUES OR ?USD:CN) 6~ SIGNIFICANT COmENT. Czm-en:s cn ilepocs CN 1012 Barry Nicholas FORnER STAFF 6. -?EXBE+ OF FCO AT HOXE AND ABROAD 'WHO ART IN COHTACT WITH FOR~ERCOLLEAGUES (WHO WERE. CONSCIOUS TO 'OUR FRIENDS') SHOULD fie5:st.y CN 1070 Peter Hurden IF N~CESSARYEXPL*IN WT AVOWAL mEs NOT LESSEN TKE REauImT TO PROTECT THE DETAIL OF SIS IDENTITIES AND OPERATIONS.

7. ?TEASE ADDRESS ANY AVOWAL RELATED QUERIES. CONCERNS OR SUGGESTIONS TO PUSD(CN) .

3el;:y -233 =. Ze2arnenl WlllE Stephen Howar!h

LNCUSSIFIED RI FCO TO ImDlATE GUIDENACE ALL DIPLDMTIC FCSTS W 1110 MISS Yvonne Poll~r:,hlBE TEWO GUIDWCE 50 Press C" cer W 22 Peter Willls Le~a,ici ser k 188 Ms i 'N~lmshursl De2an~en:a.Sec.,r.;y Gllbcer W 110 G~!fordHarrison AVOWAL OF THE SECRET IHTELLIGENCE SERVICE

1. THE PRIHE XINISFER ANNOUNCED :N THE HOUSE OF COUXONS ON 6 .UAY THAT THE GOVElW?iZNT US DECIDED TO ACKWOWEDGE TKI:

THE 515 ON A STATCTORY BASIS.

LINE TO TAKE 2. YOU MY DRAW NLLY ON THE TEXT OF THE STATEMENT, bHICH WILL W 109 'Peler Gay FOLWSl IKUEDIATELY IN THE VERBATIX SERIES.

I. IT IS NOT WSSIBLS AT THIS STAGE TO EIABOR4TF ON THE W 109 Miss Sunlla Dhargaikar POSSIBW NAT'JRE OF UGISUTION. PAilLIIWENT .WST aE THE FIRST TO SEE THE PROPOSAtS. A BILL WILL BE IXTRODUCEC AS SOON AS WSSIBLE. Uaaa o' Sec on W 110 Tim Jones aACKGROZRlD GCHO POcy ana Operational 4. AVOWAL OF SIS IS THE FIRST STEP IN PLACING 515 AND THE t.la::eis!. PS;S SECLXITY SERVICE ON THE smSTATUTORY BASIS. THE GOVERNKENT HAS PREVIOUSLY ONLY ACKNOWLLEGED THE HISTORICAL EXISTENCE OF SIS L d,SOr GC+,Q ::emnr L'P TO 30 YEXRS AGO, THROUGH THE REBE TO TXE PUBLIC RECORD WllO Gflord Harrison OFFICE OF PAPERS WHICH ELENTIONSD SIS (THIS WAS KNOW AS 3rd :aa~.'erner:sl. JIC Secre~ariat "ROLLING AVOWAL, I). GCHQ WAS AVOWED IN AN ANSWER By THE THEN "c De'e~3's. 3 NO:IC~S PBIXE HINISTER TO A PARLIWENTRRY QUESTION IN HAY 1981. THE 3E;URITY SERVICE WAS PUT ON X STATUTORY BASIS BY THE SECJXITY jrc'a~Ce.h W 110 Oscar Caslilio STR':ICE ACT 1989. 5. THE WGISLATION AND SURROUNDING DEBATE MUST INEVITABLY Xk'G L 3 53: C'. , e, 5::::: 5::::: SCXE DETAILS OF SIS INTO THE PUBLIC WIC\IN. BUT A WIDE WlllC Mrs Penny Henty -n,,r-- ZF :NFOFKATION WILL NOT (!JOT) BE ABLE TO BE REVEALED. s,c,e,,'y r; -a. .AT. DETAILS, SOURCES, PERSONAL1:IES ETC MUST XEMIN WlllD 'Miss Tara Thompson . ....-. . - .- .... JTIGN OF THE LEGISLATION IS BEING COORDINATED BY A . . . . - -__ . - - - - . ..!, '-'!IIT ATTACHED TO PUSD WITHI!l THE FCO, h71ICH HAS .- I .'-. Pi?!; ESTABLrSHED FOR THIS PURWSE. QUERIES FROM leac o' Reglstiy i.k--l.TZ 3; :TYf>S SHOULD (PREFERABLY) BE 3ISPOSED OF ON THE 'W 137 MISS Jean Harsen! , . . ------.. -2:L.---z_ ?3 !iEj;S DEPARTUENT IN THE US32.L WAY. NEWS : ,. , -. ; -.--.. . --;?I!:: - THE YEDIA THAT IT IS NOT MG'S POLICY TO S'c''" c'erhs W 137 'MISS Petrolla Clarke - - :I :::.I::; x:: :::TELLIGE:ICE ISSUES, XJDI:IG THAT AVOWAL JIC 3laGenerai1 M~chaelRedden . . -7. (SEE TEXT ;F THE TRIXE XI!iISTER'S i?iC Papars) .- - 'JI~Couzens J~rnflAlt 'Mrs R?a Ktng

Labdm96 page 27 Unfortunately, Robin Ramsay has not allowed Kincoragate;SpooksDigest;The Round Table and 18 Jeffrey Bale's Right-wing Terrorists and the Exlra- me access to back copies of Lobster. Despite Quigley; 16 pages, 1983. parliamentary Left in Post-World War 2 Europe: this setback, I will supply photocopies of all Special a the JFK assassination; Dorril on Maria Collusia or manipulation; covert propaganda and back issues. Thefirst eight issues wereproduced Novohry; Permindex; Ramsay - An alternative the Right - more on the PiayCircle; a short history in A5format. These were the naive beginnings of hypothesis; Epstein's Lrgend. 34 pages, 1983. of the SAS in Northern Ireland; Inside BOSS and Lobster and some of the material no longer More Kincora; Police and computers; Amen'can after - Gordon Winter. 36 pages, 1989. stands up; we have moved on from then. Friends and the anti-CND groups; clippings digest 19 The final testimony of George Kennedy Young; . However, there are good articles and a mass of and reviews. 32 pages, 1984. interestingsnippets whichlhad largelyforgotten Common Cause; the CIA and the British trades about. Please allow 28 days for delivery. Even moreKincora; Shooting the Pope; The British unions, supplement to spooks' Who's Who; Hugh in Vietnam; more on the anti-CND groups; the Thomas onFred Holroyd; Jeffrey Baleonshooting Issues 1 to 10 cost fl.50 each (UK); P.00 (USA/ CIA and Mountbatten; Intelligence and clippings the Pope; Disinformation; ELF; obituaries of CanaddAustralasia and Europe) digest; Bank Havens. 28 pages, 1984. Michael Stewart, Stanley Mayne, Greville Wynne; Jonathan Marshall on Secret Societies, part 1; Ian conspiracy theories reconsidered. 42 pages, 1990. 11 to 28 (except 19, which is double the price) MacGregorand Lnzards,part 1;The SAS; Intelligence 20 Peter DaleScott'sTheUnitedStatesand theoverthrow are E2.50 each (UK); E3.00 (USICanadal Australasia and Europe) and clippings digest. 36 pages, 1984. of Sukorno, 1965-67,Clay Shaw's United Kingdom Secret Societies and MacGregor, part 2; Oswald in contact analysed; Scott Newton's The Economic Who's Who is E5.50 (UK); E7.00 (USICanadd Mexlco; The Round Table; Reading Italy; Who's background to appeasement and the search for Anglo- Australasia and Europe) Afraid of the KGB.? 36 pages, 1984. German detente beforeand during World War 2; Hugh Conversation with Peter Dale Scott; Gregory Thomas'response to the Timewatch hatchet job on The prices include postage. Korkala's address book; JFK assassination; Hess; Calcutt's judgement on Colin Wallace. 36 NB outside the UK - please send either Intelligence and clippings digest. 36 pages, 1985. pages, 1990. International Money Orders, cheques drawn Conspiracy Theories; Airey Neave assassination; 21 Jeffrey Bale's Hmwnly Deceptions: the Moonies, on UK banks Wutto S DorriD or cash - 1 Korkala; Pinay Circle. 40 pages, 1985. WACL and the Korean CIA; Colin Wallace on will accept US dollars. Foreignchequeswill be Who's Who of British Spooks, part 1; KAL 007; Chapman Pincher's version of Wallace; Western returned as they cost too much to convert into Watergate revisited -Jim Hougan's Secret Agenda Goals (UK).28 pages, 1991 sterling. reviewed; Trying to kill Nasser; Falklands 22 TheFallof WiUiBrandt,MISand the British Fascists conspiracy theories;Jonathan Blochon theoverseas before WWZ; A Who's Who of Appeasement; more Lobster repression business. 24 pages, 1985. Britishspooksspotted; ELFupdate. 24pages 1991. 135 School Street Spooks Who's Who, part 2; Kitson, Kincora and 23 Mind control and the American government; US Netherthong counter-insurgency; Anthony Summers and Army Intelligence LSD testing; Stalker Holmfirth reconsidered; Britishfascism 1974-83, part I; bit and West Yorkshire HD7 2YB 'Maurice Bishop'; JimHougan on FrankTerpiland England 'Deep Throat'; statement from Fred Holroyd on pieces on JFK and JFK; Timothy Good demolished; Northern Ireland 'dirty tricks' and Colin Wallace. theBritish Parliamentary Lobby'srules circa 1969. 24 pages, early 1986. 36 pages, 1992. Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thntcher - the start of the 24 Larry O'Hara's British Fascism 1974-92, part 2; An 'Wilsonplots'story; the first attempt tounderstand Incorrecl Political Memoir - Daniel Brandt; Scott and explain what Colin Wallace was saying. 56 Van Wynsberghe on JFK and occult thiikig; R pages, published April 1986 -before Peter Wright Ramsay on 'Our Searchlight problem'; the Gable came on the scene. memo reprinted in full; Garrison reconsidered; Peter Dale Scott on Transnational Repres5ion - the rmnd cuntrol update. 32 pages, 1992. major, previously unpublished essay by this 25 Moscow Gold; John B Alexander, the Pentagon's American master; Notes on the British Right 42 Pengum - Armen Victoria; Mike Hughes on pages, 1986. Churchill and the Focus group; Larry O'Hara's The Rhodes-Milner Group (Round Table), Two British Fascism, 1983-86, prt 3; Scott Newton on Sides of Ireland; Colin Wallace's 1974 notes on Hess 28 pages, 1993 MISS plots to smear British politicians; more 26 David Teacher on Bnan Crozier and the Pinay jottings on the British Right. 24 pages, 1987. Circle; Nilsongate; ~ikeHughes on 'Blinker HaU'; US involvement in theFijicoup;ColinWallaceupdate lraqgate; Spooks. 36 pages, 1993. - and the Ulster Citizens' Army smear decoded; 27 More on the plots against Wilson; election rigging Irangate- the'0ctoberSurprise';Martin Walker on in Nigeria; Julran Putkowski on A2 and political polic~ngthe future. 46 pages, 1987. ntn.eiuaKp, part 1;JFK assassination review; Mike Inside Inside Intelligence - Steve Doml on Anthony Hughes on anh-fascism. 36 pages, 1993. Cavendish; The Independent'ssmearing of Wallace 28 JhPutkowski on A2 and Ire1and;MikeHughes and Holroyd; Christic Institute on 22.11.63, the onGeorge h4akgdl;Spooks- 'Alan Judd' and Stefan Tory Right between the wars - review essay; Fiji Kcch, MI6 and radio signals. 32 pages, 1994. coup update; review essay on Geheim. 34 pages Z!J TheBritish 'Gladio'; A2 and theLabourMovement; 1987. LrrkndSpooks;NickTouekonGreenneo-fascists Rothschild, the right, the far-right and !he Fifrh Mun; and Peter Styles on monitoring Green activists. death of Hilda Murrel; French Vendetta - the 28 pages, 1995. Rainbow Warrior to the Iranian hostages; KAL SO Fmal part of Julian Putkowski's history of A2; 007; Ken Livingstone's questions; Philby names Steve Dorril on the Banks and Iraqgate; Ireland names; overthrowing Gough Whitlam. 40 pages; and the Joint Security Group; Interview with 1988. Michael Herman. Five at Eye: Private Eye and the Wilson smears; Colin Wallace and Information Policy in fiction; Special Issue disinfomtion and the new 'terrorist threat'; the A Who's Whoof the British Secret State, compiled by London CIA station; Crozier, Goldsmith and the Stephen Dorril. 110 pages, 1850 (approx) names Pinaycircle; more anti-Labour forgeries;the death and brief biographies. (A number of these were of Zia. 24 pages, 1988. included in Nos 9 and 10.)

Lobster 96 page 28