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A Loyalist's War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775

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A Loyalist's War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775 Canadian Military History Volume 19 Issue 4 Article 7 2010 A Loyalist’s War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 Robert Fisher Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Robert Fisher "A Loyalist’s War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775-1783." Canadian Military History 19, 4 (2010) This Feature is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : A Loyalist’s War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 A Loyalist’s War Private Lewis Fisher in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 Robert C. Fisher e have not embraced the Lodewick, and Ludwig, but also loyalist military experience Abstract: Canadians celebrate the Ludovic, Ludwick, Lodewig, and W loyalists as pioneers and founding as our own. Canadians largely other variants.4 fathers, but have neglected the formative consider the loyalists, whose swelling impact of their military experience. This Lewis married Mary Barbara Till numbers formed the first large-scale article attempts to reconstruct the in 1772,5 but we do not know what English settlement of Canada, as wartime experience of Lewis Fisher, a he did for a living in New Jersey. pioneers and founding fathers in our loyalist private in the 4th Battalion of Lewis did not make a claim for lost national myth. Much of the writing the New Jersey Volunteers. No diaries or property to the British government letters survive in his own hand, but from on the loyalists has emphasized rare and disparate sources a portrait after the revolutionary war. Nor is the men of birth and breeding, emerges of bloody battles, night raids, there a record of the State of New the cream of colonial society who camp life, capture and imprisonment Jersey confiscating land owned in his sacrificed all for their loyalty to the in hideous conditions, defeat and name. From this lack of evidence, we expulsion. Lewis Fisher’s war was long Crown.1 But ordinary men, labourers may assume that he had little if any and hard, and ended in exile in the New 6 and farmers, filled the ranks of the Brunswick wilderness. Seven years of property in his own name. It seems loyalist regiments as privates and war shaped his world-view and through likely that as the eldest son he worked non-commissioned officers and him, and other loyalists, the new nation his father’s land in Ramapo assuming fought against their neighbours in rising in the north. that the farm would pass to him one revolt. What follows is an attempt to day. Indeed, he and his wife may discover, reconstruct, and imagine following 1710, Germans from the have lived with his parents. Mary the wartime experience of one loyalist Palatine region settled the Ramapo Barbara Fisher, later recalled of their soldier, my ancestor, Lewis Fisher, a tract at the fringes of settlement in first year in New Brunswick, that “it private in the New Jersey Volunteers. the western part of the county, where was a hard winter to those that had No diaries or letters survive in his the lush farmlands of the Hackensack left good homes.”7 own hand but a vivid portrait still and Passaic River valleys give way We do not know why Lewis emerges of a soldier’s war: fighting to the highlands of the Appalachian Fisher remained loyal to the King but with musket and bayonet, capture, Mountains.3 Michael Fisher was a his ethnicity and place of origin likely imprisonment, defeat, and expulsion. farmer in Ramapo whose property influenced his decision. Loyalty to the Lewis Fisher was born about included “horses, horned cattle, Crown prevailed in Bergen County 1740 or 1745, in Bergen County in sheep and live stock; bed, cupboard, generally and particularly so in the northeastern New Jersey, of German wagon, weaving loom and other Ramapo settlement. The loyalism of ancestry, the son of Michael and utensils.” It was evidently a modest, Bergen has been the source of much Maria Fisher.2 The Dutch from New but comfortable farm. Lewis appears embarrassment to local historians Amsterdam had settled Bergen in his father’s will as “Lodwick”; his since the War of Independence, but County in the 1600s, and most of its name is seldom spelled the same there is no denying its strength. The inhabitants still spoke Dutch in the way twice in 18th century records Germans of Ramapo proved even home as late as the 1780s. In the years appearing most often as Lewis, more loyal than the Jersey Dutch in Published© Canadian by Scholars Military Commons History @ ,Laurier, Volume 2010 19, Number 4, Autumn 2010, pp.57-67. 57 1 Fisher - American Revolution.indd 1 1/25/2011 3:03:32 PM Canadian Military History, Vol. 19 [2010], Iss. 4, Art. 7 the rest of Bergen County. A r m y ’ s w i t h d r a w a l Local resident David Baldwin to Philadelphia. Major- warned the revolutionary General William Heath leadership on 29 June 1776 held Forts Clinton and that the “people of Ramapo M o n t g o m e r y o n t h e were in correspondence America Picturesque Hudson River north of with the British men of New York City with four war.” When the Continental 1874) Appleton, York: (New brigades of 3,500 New A r m y , c o m m a n d e d b y York and Connecticut General George Washington, m i l i t i a m e n . H e a t h retreated through Ramapo detached Colonel Ebenezer in December 1776, Sergeant H u n t i n g t o n a n d 4 0 0 John Smith of Rhode Island Bryant, ed., W.C. Source: men to establish Camp recorded in his diary that “the Ramapaugh at Suffern, The Ramapo River in northeastern New Jersey, not inhabitants Abus[e]d us Cal[l] New York, a strategic far from Lewis Fisher’s home. ing us Dam[ne]d Rebels.”8 location guarding the Reflecting the prevailing Clove, a pass through the Ramapo sentiment, Lewis’s brother when he enlisted with the New Jersey mountains, just a few miles distant Peter Fisher, and their sister Anne’s Volunteers, a loyalist regiment.12 The from Lewis Fisher’s home. New husband David Byard, also enlisted British successes in New York and Jersey would be a battleground for with the loyalists. Their father and New Jersey had rallied the flagging the next five years.17 Huntington five other brothers watched events spirits of the loyalists. Prominent men provided another perspective on unfold from the sidelines.9 formed “royal provincial” regiments the outpouring of loyalist sentiment The root causes of the American to fight along side the British regulars in Bergen County, remarking on 24 Revolution were a long series of in defence of their homes, and loyal November: “the greatest part of the ill-considered moves by the British Americans enlisted in thousands. people are friendly to the British and government between 1763 and 1774, General Howe had commissioned will do them all the service in their largely involving the taxation of its Brigadier General Cortlandt Skinner, power.” Huntington reacted more colonies in the New World to support the last royal attorney-general of New strongly when news of the formation the British military establishment. Jersey, to raise a brigade called the of Van Buskirk’s regiment reached Many Americans remained loyal New Jersey Volunteers.13 Abraham him the following day: “Every man, to the British Crown in spite of Van Buskirk, a surgeon of Teaneck, and I was going to say every woman, these measures, believing that their New Jersey, raised and commanded within a large circle of this place who differences could be resolved through its Fourth Battalion as lieutenant- stand for Whigs, and for ought I negotiation.10 The opening moves of colonel. Van Buskirk was highly know are really such, are continually the summer of 1776 proved disastrous respected as a leader among the distressing me from their fears and for the revolutionary cause. General German community of Ramapo, apprehensions of the enemy and Sir William Howe’s British and where he recruited over a hundred Tories....their anxiety has gone far German Army quickly defeated men in November and December towards intimidating some of my Washington on Long Island and then 1776.14 These included Captain Peter own troops.”18 again on Manhattan Island. When the Ruttan of Ramapo who outfitted S k i r m i s h i n g b r o k e o u t British crossed the Hudson River on 50 men at his own expense for the immediately between revolutionary 20 November into Bergen County, loyalist regiment.15 The muster rolls forces and Van Buskirk’s regiment. New Jersey, Washington withdrew of the New Jersey Volunteers list The British, while pursuing from his camp at Hackensack Lewis Fisher, his brother Peter, Washington’s army, had left and retreated west. The British and brother-in-law David Byard as Hackensack in the hands of the New advance guard under General Lord privates in Ruttan’s company of the Jersey Volunteers. General Heath Cornwallis pursued and harried Fourth Battalion.16 But they did not marched 12 miles from Tappan, them until Washington’s bedraggled long enjoy service in the royal cause: New York on 14 December with 600 force crossed the Delaware River within two weeks they would be held soldiers to attack the loyalist camp.
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