42 THE JOURNAL OF THE RUTGERS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES BENEVOLENT PATRIOT: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF HENRY RUTGERS—PART ONE: 1636–1776 BY DAVID J. FOWLER
[email protected] From the steeple of the New Dutch Church on Nassau Street in New York, mid-18th-century viewers saw “a most beautiful prospect, both of the city beneath and the surrounding country.” Looking eastward, they would have seen a number of hills. One, about 80 feet in height, was at Corlear’s Hook, a distinctive feature of lower Manhattan Island that jutted into the East River. West of that point along the riverfront and extending inland was the choice, 100- acre parcel known as “the Rutgers Farm.” Situated in the Bowery Division of the city’s Out Ward, it was a sprawling tract that for decades maintained a rural character of hills, fields, gardens, woods, and marshes. In 1776, the young American officer and budding artist John Trumbull commented on the “beautiful high ground” that surrounded the Rutgers property.1 In New York City, one was never very far from the water. Commerce—with Europe, the West Indies, and other colonies— drove the town’s economy. It was a gateway port that was also an entrepôt for the transshipment of goods into the adjoining hinterland. Merchants and sea captains garnered some profits illegally via “the Dutch trade” (i.e., smuggling) or, in contravention of customs regulations, via illicit trade with the enemy during wartime. Since the Rutgers Farm fronted on the East River, where the major port facilities were located, it was strategically situated to capitalize on maritime pursuits.