Energy efficient lighting A compendium of global efficiency regulations and programs for lighting products

White paper

Abstract

As new, more energy-efficient lighting technologies move into the mainstream, major jurisdictions around the world are implementing voluntary and mandatory regulations setting minimum energy efficiency requirements for various categories of lighting products. In addition, voluntary programs have created incentives for manufacturers to introduce even more energy-efficient lighting products. This white paper provides a summary of key regulations and voluntary programs addressing energy-efficient lighting products.

TÜV SÜD Contents

INTRODUCTION 3

EU DIRECTIVES ADDRESSING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN LIGHTING PRODUCTS 4

VOLUNTARY ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 5

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING REGULATIONS AND PROGRAMS IN CANADA 6

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING REGULATIONS AND PROGRAMS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 8

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS IN KOREA 10

JAPAN’S TOP RUNNER PROGRAM FOR ENERGY-USING PRODUCTS 11

CHINA’S PROGRAM 12

REQUIREMENTS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY LIGHTING IN MEXICO 12

CONSIDERATIONS FOR MANUFACTURERS OF LIGHTING PRODUCTS 13

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 14

About TÜV SÜD experts

Jason Chesley Sales Manager, Energy Efficiency and services, TÜV SÜD America Jason Chesley is the sales manager for energy efficiency and ENERGY STAR services at TÜV SÜD America’s Energy Efficiency Centre of Excellence, and has over twenty years of experience in the testing and certification industry. Prior to joining TÜV SÜD in 2011, Chesley served strategic accounts for the CSA Group and Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

Knut Boettcher Global Senior Project Specialist, Product Energy services, TÜV SÜD China Knut Boettcher is the global senior project specialist for product energy services for products at TÜV SÜD China, and has more than twenty years of experience in product testing, certification, as well as test laboratory establishment and operation. Boettcher is also a member of and technical advisor to the IECEE’s WG2c.

2 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Introduction

Lighting products are responsible time, a host of voluntary certification Compendium of U.S. Energy Efficiency for almost 20% of global energy and labelling programs enable Programs for Lighting Products,” consumption, and account for consumers to identify and choose provides a comparable summary of approximately 6% of CO2 emissions the most energy-efficient lighting energy efficiency programs applicable worldwide, according the United products consistent with their needs. to lighting products sold in the United Nations Environment Programme.m [1] These regulations and voluntary States. The white paper is intended Phasing out inefficient lighting programs are being continuously for manufacturers, distributors and technologies in favour of more energy updated to reflect the introduction retailers of lighting products. efficient lighting products can not only of newer lighting technologies reduce carbon emissions but also help that promise even greater energy slow demand for energy in general. efficiency. Phasing out inefficient lighting technologies in Several major economies around This TÜV SÜD white paper provides favour of more energy the world have already adopted a summary of key regulations and efficient lighting products regulations that mandate minimum voluntary compliance programs in can not only reduce carbon energy efficiency requirements for the European Union (EU) and other emissions but also help lighting products, thereby speeding up international markets addressing the slow demand for energy in the removal of less efficient lighting energy efficiency of lighting products. general. products from the market. At the same A companion white paper, “A

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 3 EU directives addressing energy efficiency in lighting products

Directive 2009/125/EC, also known The regulatory framework detailed Operating within the framework as the EcoDesign Directive, is the in the EcoDesign Directive is established by these two Directives, primary regulatory instrument in complemented by a second EU the EU Commission has issued a the EU regarding all energy-using Directive, 2010/30/EU, known as the number of implementing Regulations products, including lighting products. Energy Label Directive. Similar in that detail specific design and Implemented in 2009, the EcoDesign approach to the EcoDesign Directive, labelling requirements for individual Directive establishes a broad the Energy Label Directive provides product groups, as well as the specific framework for the development of a framework for requirements conformity assessment process. product-specific design requirements, regarding labelling and other For lighting products, applicable with the goal of reducing overall means of providing end-users with Implementing Regulations are detailed within the EU. product-specific energy consumption in Figure 1. More than 40 separate product groups information. [3] Taken together, the are covered under the Directive, EcoDesign Directive and the Energy which reportedly account for Label Directive establish minimum approximately 40% of all greenhouse efficiency criteria for most major gas emissions generated in the EU. [2] categories of energy-using products.

FIGURE 1: IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS IN THE EU FOR VARIOUS LIGHTING PRODUCT TYPES

Lamp Type Products EcoDesign Energy Labelling

Directional and LEDs Directional lamps, light- (EU) No. 1194/2012 (EU) No. 874/2012 emitting diode lamps and related equipment

Household Non-directional household (EC) No. 244/2009 (EU) No. 874/2012 lamps (EC) No. 859/2009

Fluorescent Fluorescent lamps without (EC) No. 245/2009 (EU) No. 874/2012 integrated ballasts, for (EU) No. 347/2010 high intensity discharge lamps, and for ballasts and luminaires able to operate such lamps

Others Lamp control gear and control (EC) No. 1194/2012 devices

Others Luminaires (EC) No. 1194/2012 (EU) No. 874/2012

4 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Voluntary energy efficiency programs in the European Union

In addition to the EcoDesign and Energy Label Directives, there are a number of voluntary programs within the EU intended to increase the use of energy-efficient lighting products and reduce overall energy consumption. These voluntary programs include the programs discussed in the following sections.

EU

The EU’s Ecolabel Program is a ƒƒProvide at least 70% of original A publically-accessible database voluntary product certification light after 10,000 hours of use. of Ecolabel-qualified products is scheme recognised throughout ƒƒConsume one fifth the of available at http://ec.europa.eu/ecat/. the EU. The goal of the program is a comparable incandescent bulb. to assist consumers in identifying ƒƒDo not flicker when switched on. products that achieve the highest ƒƒContain little or no mercury. The goal of the levels of energy efficiency (typically ƒƒUse packaging composed of at the top 20% of products in a given least 65% recycled materials. program is to assist category). The Ecolabel program consumers in offers manufacturers certification for Products submitted for inclusion in the identifying products products in 28 separate categories, Ecolabel program are evaluated by an that achieve the with more than 17,000 EU Ecolabel EU-approved Competent Body, which products currently on the market. awards the Ecolabel to those products highest levels of that meet the applicable criteria. energy efficiency For energy-efficient lighting products, (typically the top 20% manufacturers can seek Ecolabel Further information about the EU certification for light bulbs that: Ecolabel program is available at http:// of products in a given ƒƒHave a life span of at least 10,000 ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/ category). hours. eu-ecolabel-for-businesses.html.

Green Public Procurement

The EU Commission has also Commission called for the adoption Ecolabel criteria for office lighting encouraged the selection of of common selection criteria in the products, with completion expected in environmentally-preferable products, public procurement of green products, mid-2014. [4] including lighting products, in the and has developed 19 common green public procurement process of EU product procurement (GPP) criteria, More information about the EU’s member states. In its Communication including criteria for street lighting GPP program is available at the “Public procurement for a better and traffic signals. is currently GPP website at http://ec.europa.eu/ Environment” (COM (2008) 400), the underway on the development of GPP/ environment/gpp/index_en.htm.

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 5 (U.K.)

Based in the United Kingdom, the specifications, and compliance “Product certification” page of the Energy Saving Trust (EST) operates with the requirements must be Energy Saving Trust website, www. a voluntary product certification verified through the submittal of energysavingtrust.org.uk/Take- scheme for energy-saving products an independent third-party test action/Find-Energy-Saving-Trust- in a variety of categories. Lighting report. Products certified by the EST Recommended-products. products that fall under the scope are listed in a publically-available of the EST scheme include compact database of recommended products. fluorescent lamps (CFLs), halogen bulbs and LED lamps and luminaires. Additional information about the EST Specific technical requirements Scheme and the requirements for are contained in various EST lamp lighting products is available at the

Energy efficient lighting regulations and programs in Canada

Canada’s approach to energy efficient lighting also includes mandatory regulations and voluntary programs, as discussed in the following sections.

Energy Efficiency Regulations

Canada’s Energy Efficiency Manufacturers and importers must includes information on light output, Regulations establish energy obtain independent verification that energy use, and expected product efficiency requirements for a broad their products meet the applicable life. [5] range of energy-using products energy efficiency requirements from manufactured, imported or sold a certification body accredited by Additional information about Canada’s in Canada, including household the Standards Council of Canada for Energy Efficiency Regulations as appliances, and heating and energy efficiency verification, prior they apply to lighting products is ventilation equipment. Lighting to filing an energy efficiency report available at the “Introduction to the products covered by the Regulations with National Resources Canada Regulations” page of the NRCan include general service lamps, CFLs, (NRCan), the responsible regulatory website, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/ fluorescent lamps and lamp ballasts, authority. All regulated lighting regulations/16802. incandescent reflector lamps, and products manufactured, imported or torchiere lamps. Energy efficiency sold in Canada must bear the energy requirements for specific categories efficiency verification mark of the of products are detailed in Schedule 1 accredited certification body. Certain of the Regulations and are subject to types of lighting products must also period amendments. bear a lighting product label that

6 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Canada ENERGY STAR ® Program

In addition to its Energy Efficiency rebates on ENERGY STAR-qualified in the U.S., a manufacturer can then Regulations, Canada’s voluntary lighting products. file an application to NRCan for ENERGY STAR testing and labelling review and approval, and then use program provides a mechanism to Manufacturers seeking Canada’s the ENERGY STAR label in connection help consumers identify energy-using ENERGY STAR recognition of their with the sale of that product in products offering the highest levels lighting products should first submit Canada. of energy efficiency performance. samples to a U.S. EPA-recognised Lighting products eligible for laboratory for testing to applicable Further details about Canada’s inclusion in Canada’s ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR specifications, and ENERGY STAR program are available program include CFLs, LED lamps and have testing results reviewed and at the NRCan website at www.nrcan. luminaires, decorative light strings, verified by an EPA-recognised gc.ca/energy/products/energystar/ and lighting fixtures. Energy utilities in certification body. Once a product has about/12529. certain Canadian provinces also offer received ENERGY STAR recognition

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 7 Energy efficient lighting regulations and programs in Australia and New Zealand

Similar to the EU and Canada, Australia and New Zealand maintain both mandatory requirements and voluntary programs for energy-using products, as described in the following sections.

Minimum energy performance standards

Regulators in Australia and New Zealand have established common minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and labelling requirements for multiple categories of energy-using equipment, including lighting products. MEPS and labelling requirements for specific types of lighting products are presented in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2: TEST METHODS AND MEPS/LABELLING STANDARDS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

Lighting Products Test Methods MEPS/Labelling

Transformers & converters for halogen AS/NZS 4879.1 AS/NZS 4879.2

Fluorescent lamp ballasts AS/NZS 4783.1: 2001 AS/NZS 4783.2: 2002

Linear fluorescent lamps AN/NZS 4782.1: 2004 AS/NZS 4782.2: 2004 and amendments (IEC 60081)

Self-ballasted CFLs AS/NZS 4847.1: 2010 AS/NZS 4847.2: 2010 and amendments

Incandescent lamps AS/NZS 4934.1: 2008 and amendments AS/NZS 4934.2: 2011

Manufacturers, importers and testing laboratory is encouraged, report in conjunction with the suppliers of energy-using products manufacturers may conduct testing registration process. that are regulated for their energy in their own testing laboratories. efficiency are required to verify However, regardless of the testing Lighting products that meet the the energy performance of their option selected, manufacturers must requirements of applicable MEPS product through product testing, be in possession of a full energy and are registered in Australia are and to register their product. performance laboratory test report, considered registered in New Zealand Although testing by an independent and may be required to submit this under the New Zealand Energy

8 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Efficiency (Energy using Products) Australian registration, as long as the Energy Efficiency website (a joint Regulation 2002, and can be legally product was imported into Australia initiative of Australia and New sold there without further action. from New Zealand. Zealand), www.energyrating.gov.au/ Although New Zealand product regulations/regulatory-reqs/legal- registration is not recognised in Further information about the obligations-for-manufacturers-and- Australia, products meeting New registration process for energy- importers/. Zealand legal requirements may be using products in Australia and New sold in Australia without requiring Zealand is available at the Equipment

ENERGY STAR Programs in Australia and New Zealand

Operated by the country’s Energy currently eligible for ENERGY STAR However, the product scope of the Efficiency and Conservation Authority, qualification in New Zealand include program in Australia is currently New Zealand’s ENERGY STAR CFLs, LEDs and luminaires. More limited to office equipment and program is similar in scope and intent details about New Zealand’s ENERGY consumer electronics, and lighting to other national ENERGY STAR STAR program are available at www. products are not covered. programs. Under the New Zealand energywise.govt.nz/ratings-and- program, the ENERGY STAR mark is labels/energy-star. awarded to the top 25% of the most energy efficient products in a given Australia operates as a partner to product category. Lighting products the U.S. ENERGY STAR program.

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 9 Energy efficient lighting requirements in Korea

In Korea, the Ministry of Knowledge (Korean Standard C7601), and be placed on the product, or on the Economy (MKE), in partnership with ballasts (Korean product packaging if product labelling the Korea Energy Management Standards C 8100 and C8102). is not feasible. Corporation (KEMCO), has established Compliance with mandatory MEPs an energy efficiency label and is validated through product testing, Additional details about Korea’s standard program for a range of and lighting products are graded on energy efficient label and standard energy-using products. Individual a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being the program are available at www.kemco. product standards set mandatory most energy efficient. An energy or.kr/new_eng/pg02/pg02100200.asp. MEPs for incandescent bulbs (Korean efficiency label indicating a product’s Standard C 7501), fluorescent lamps energy consumption grade must

10 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Japan’s Top Runner Program for energy-using products

Japan’s Top Runner program for U.S. ENERGY STAR program, Japan’s increase, contributing to even greater energy-using products is a voluntary Top Runner program evaluates levels of energy efficiency over time. program organised and operated by products against a maximum standard the Agency for Natural Resources value system, which sets targets The METI brochure, “Top Runner and Energy under Japan’s Ministry of based on the value of the most Program: Developing the World’s Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). energy-efficient products then on Best Energy-Efficient Appliances,” In the area of lighting products, the the market. As product standards provides more information about the Top Runner program currently sets are revised to reflect the use of Top Runner program, and is available target efficiency values for fluorescent more efficient technologies, target at www.enecho.meti.go.jp/policy/ lamps and luminaires. Similar to the efficiency values can be expected to saveenergy/toprunner2010.03en.pdf.

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 11 China’s Energy Conservation Program

China has both mandatory and more than 90 separate product also permit inspectors to conduct voluntary energy efficiency labelling categories, including a number of a factory audit. Certified products requirements that are applicable to a lighting products and components are authorised to display the Energy broad range of energy-using products. used in residential, commercial and Conservation Certification Mark, At present, the mandatory labelling industrial settings. are listed in a publicly-accessible program, run by the China Energy database. Label Center (www.energylabel. Manufacturers seeking voluntary gov.cn), does not include lighting certification under the CECP Further information about the CECP is products. However, the voluntary must submit product samples for available at www.cecp.org.cn/former/ labelling program, the China Energy assessment and testing by an englishhtml/cecp.asp. Conservation Program (CECP), covers accredited testing laboratory, and

Requirements for energy efficiency lighting in Mexico

In Mexico, the National Commission the following information in a manner energy-efficient products, processes for Efficient Energy Use (CONUEE) is that is clearly visible to consumers: and services. responsible for enacting mandatory standards regarding energy efficiency ƒƒUnit of energy consumption for More information about CONUEE’s under the country’s 2008 Law for operating time. labelling requirements for energy- Sustainable Use of Energy. Currently, ƒƒUnit of energy consumption in using equipment is available at CONUEE requires that manufacturers standby mode (if applicable). www.conuee.gob.mx/wb/. of nearly 200 different types of ƒƒThe quantity of product or service energy-using equipment and devices, offered by the equipment or device including certain types of lighting per unit of energy consumed (if products, provide consumers with applicable). specific information regarding their products’ energy consumption. At a Mexico is also reportedly developing minimum, manufacturers must provide a voluntary certification program for

12 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD Considerations for manufacturers of lighting products

As this white paper illustrates, and national implementations based individual regulatory approaches and regulations applicable to energy on the ENERGY STAR framework requirements of targeted countries, efficient lighting products can focus attention on the most energy- as well as the potential opportunities differ significantly from country to efficient products in their respective provided by voluntary energy country. While there are similarities categories, rewarding “best in class” efficiency programs. An independent in the regulatory framework energy performance with broad advisor with extensive experience in utilised, there are differences and exposure and instant recognition the specific requirements applicable subtle variations in the conformity by buyers. Manufacturers whose to lighting products in multiple assessment process. That process products achieve ENERGY STAR jurisdictions can help create an is further complicated by the lack of recognition clearly differentiate approval path that minimises duplicate international harmonised standards their offerings with procurement testing, provides opportunities for for energy-efficient lighting products. specialists, corporate buyers and expanded distribution, and speeds up Although efforts are underway to consumers, providing important the introduction of new products to address this challenge, lighting advantages in a competitive the market. product manufacturers will have marketplace. to contend with meeting individual national requirements for the Lighting product manufacturers foreseeable future. seeking to achieve global acceptance for their products would be well On the other hand, voluntary programs served to develop a formal compliance such as the ENERGY STAR program strategy that accounts for the

ACHIEVING GLOBAL MARKET ACCESS FOR LIGHTING PRODUCTS

Minimum requirements Qualification of “best in class” products

CE mark TÜV SÜD mark

MEPS ENERGY STAR®

Energy Label EU EcoLabel

TÜV SÜD | Energy efficient lighting 13 Summary and conclusion

The introduction of more efficient Body for the ENERGY STAR program accreditations in the EU, the lighting technologies has resulted in and an approved testing laboratory Americas, the Middle East and Asia. considerable energy savings around under the U.S. Department of Energy’s By delivering world-class solutions the world. But, while new lighting LED Lighting Facts program, and is to customers, TÜV SÜD adds tangible technologies offer manufacturers recognised as a National Certification value to businesses, consumers and opportunities for growth, they also Body (NCB) and a Certification Body the environment. create ever-changing regulatory Testing Laboratory (CBTL) under compliance challenges. National the IECEE CB Scheme. TÜV SÜD’s frameworks are generally similar, global Energy Efficiency Centres of but they rely on different standards, Excellence are equipped to test and and harmonised standards do not yet certify lighting products to worldwide exist. Manufacturers can navigate energy efficiency requirements and these challenges by developing a standards. These capabilities make regulatory compliance strategy that TÜV SÜD a single source for all can reduce testing time and bring new energy efficient lighting testing and products to market more quickly. certification services.

TÜV SÜD is a U.S. EPA-recognised Represented in over 800 locations Testing Laboratory and Certification worldwide, TÜV SÜD holds

14 Energy efficient lighting TÜV| SÜD GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS CBTL – certification body testing laboratory KEMCO – korea energy management corporation CECP – china energy conservation program MEPS – minimum energy performance standards CFL – METI – ministry of economy, trade and industry CONUEE – national commission for efficient energy use MKE – ministry of knowledge economy EST – energy saving trust NCB – national certification body EU – european union NRCan – national resources canada GPP – green product procurement

FOOTNOTES [1] “The Rapid Transition to Energy Efficient Lighting: An Integrated Policy Approach,” on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of The United Nations Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility, 2013, accessed energy and other resources by energy-related products,” Official Journal of the European November 2, 2013, http://www.enlighten-initiative.org/portals/0/documents/Resources/ Union, June 18, 2010, accessed November 2, 2013, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ publications/en.lighten%20Brochure%20PDF.pdf LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:153:0001:0012:en:PDF [2] “Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October [4] “EU GPP Criteria for Indoor Lighting,” European Commission, 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/ 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy- environment/gpp/pdf/criteria/indoor_lighting.pdf related products,” Official Journal of the European Union, October 31, 2009, accessed [5] “Lighting Products,” Natural Resources Canada, last updated August 27, 2009, accessed November 2, 2013, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:285 November 3, 2013, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/regulations/bulletins/16129 :0010:0035:en:PDF [3] “Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010

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