AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean)”

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AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean)” AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean) SKRIPSI Oleh Fitriyatul Aisiyah NIM : 16510124 JURUSAN MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2020 AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean ) SKRIPSI Diajukan Kepada : Universitas Islam Negeri (Uin) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Dalam Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Manajemen (SM) Oleh Fitriyatul Aisiyah NIM : 16510124 JURUSAN MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2020 ii iii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean) SKRIPSI Oleh FITRIYATUL AISIYAH NIM :16510124 Telah Dipertahankan Di Depan Dewan Penguji Dan Dinyatakan Diterima Sebagai Salah Satu Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Manajemen (SM) Pada Tanggal 18 September 2020 Susunan Dewan Penguji: Tanda Tangan 1. Ketua M. Nanang Choiruddin, SE.,MM ( ) NIP. 19850820 20160801 1 047 2. Dosen Pembimbing/Sekretaris Maretha Ika Prajawati, SE.,MM ( ) NIP. 19890327 201801 2 002 3. Penguji Utama Muhammad Sulhan, SE.,MM ( ) NIP. 19740604 200604 1 002 Disahkan Oleh : Ketua Jurusan, Drs. Agus Sucipto, MM., CRA NIP. 19670816 200312 1 001 iv v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alamin segala puji bagiMu ya Allah tuhan semesta alam yang telah memberikan kesempatan nikmat dan sehat kepada hambaMu untuk belajar dan mencari ilmu sehingga dapat menyelesaikan salah satu tanggung jawab berbentuk tugas akhir Skripsi di bangku perkuliahan strata satu ini. Sholawat serta salam semoga akan selalu tercurah limpahkan keharibaan baginda Rasul Muhammad SAW yang telah membimbing kami dari zaman kegelepan menuju zaman yang terang benderang seperti sekarang ini. Aku persembahkan karya tulis ini untuk keluargaku terutama untuk ayah dan ibu ku pak Dorrapik dan mak Amriyah yang selalu mendukung dan serta selalu mengiring doa untukku agar selalu bisa bersemangat dan tetap berdiri tegak serta tidak putus asa dalam menyelesaikan salah satu tanggung jawab pendidikan yang sedang aku perjuangkan, untuk paman, adik, sepupu, serta seluruh keluarga yang selalu menyemangi serta ikut mendoakan dalam proses penyelesain skripsi ini. Terimkasih untuk Dosen Pembimbing Ibu Maretha Ika Prajawati.,SE.MM yang sudah bersedia untuk selalu meluangkan waktunya untuk membimbing dan memberikan arahan dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Terimakasih untuk teman teman kos ku rahma, yunita, naya, indah, tika, gandhu, serta teman sekampung halaman dalam wadah IMAKA, tidak lupa pula terimakasih untuk teman teman sepermainan anis dkk, terimakasih untuk teman teman manajemen Windi, Ubil, Ira, Fifi dan seluruh teman teman manajemen angkatan 2016 yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu, terimakasih untuk semua orang yang pernah memberikan bantuan semangat dorongan dalam proses kali ini. Tidak lupa terimakasih untuk diri saya sendiri, terimakasih untuk aku yang tidak pernah putus asa meskipun terkadang lelah dan merasa ingin menyerah, terimakasih untuk tetap bertahan dan tidak menyerah hingga akhir sampai garis finish. vi MOTTO Its okay not to be okay Tidak Apa Apa Untuk Merasa Lelah, tetapi Jangan lupa Untuk Bangkit Lagi vii KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alamin segala puji bagiMu ya Allah tuhan semesta alam yang telah memberikan kesempatan nikmat dan sehat kepada hambaMu untuk belajar dan mencari ilmu sehingga dapat menyelesaikan salah satu tanggung jawab berbentuk tugas akhir Skripsi di bangku perkuliahan strata satu ini dalam bentuk penelitian akhir ‘SKRIPSI’ dengan judul “AKAD PADA BUDAYA TOTOLONGAN (Studi Di Kepulauan Kangean)”. Sholawat serta salam semoga akan selalu tercurah limpahkan keharibaan baginda Rasul Muhammad SAW yang telah membimbing kami dari zaman kebodohan menuju zaman yang penuh ilmu barokah seperti saat ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan tugas akhir skripsi ini tidak akan berhasil dengan baik tanpa adanya bimbingan dan sumbangan pemikiran dari berbagai pihak. Pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan terimakasih yang tidak terhingga kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Abd. Haris, M.Ag, selaku Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. 2. Bapak Dr. H. Nur Asnawi, M.Ag Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. 3. Bapak Drs. Agus Sucipto, M.M.,CRA selaku Ketua Jurusan Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. 4. Ibu Maretha Ika Prajawati,SE.,M.M selaku Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang selalu memberikan arahan, motivasi, kritikan serta masukan dalam proses penyelesaian Skripsi ini. 5. Ibu Puji Endah Purnamasari SE.,M.M selaku dosen wali. 6. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. viii 7. Ppak dan Mmak, mang pakji, nyae patma, nyaema, nyai iya, dan seluruh keluarga yang selalu mendukung dan mendoakan dalam setiap proses perjalanan, pendidikan, dan penyelesaian skripsi ini. 8. Guru Saleman selaku guru ngaji di madrasah yang memberikan ilmu spiritual tentang agama, belajar mengaji dan senantiasa mendoakan kami dimanapun kami berada. 9. Kepada seluruh informan yang senantiasa membantu dan memberikan pendapatnya dalam proses pengerjaan skripsi ini. 10. Seluruh sahabat, teman teman, yang dari Kangean, teman teman Uin Malang, Teman teman satu kamar asrama, dan seluruh teman teman manajemen 2016. 11. Seluruh pihak yang senantiasa selalu ikut membantu dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini 12. Saya sendiri Fitriyatul aisiyah yang tetap berjalan dan bertahan melalui semua proses panjang ini. Semoga amal baik kalian mendapat balasan dari Allah SWT dan senantiasa diberikan jalan keluarb dalam proses perjalan hidupnya serta bertemu dengan orang orang baik yang selalu bisa memberikan energi positif. Dalam penulisan ini penulis menyadari masih terdapat kekurangan dan jauh dari kata sempurna, untuk itu penulis berharap masukan dan kritikan membangun demi kelengkapan dan perbaikan skripsi ini, harapan penulis semoga karya yang sederhana ini bisa memberikan manfaat bagi pihak yang membacanya, Amin Allahumma Amin 12 September 2020 Penulis ix DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL DEPAN HALAMAN JUDUL …………………………………………… ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ………………………………………… iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN …………………………………………. iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN …………………………………………. v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ………………………………………… vi HALAMAN MOTTO …………………………………………….. vii KATA PENGANTAR …………………………………………….. viii DAFTAR ISI …………………………………………….. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ……………………………………………. xiv DAFTAR TABEL ……………………………………………. xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ……………………………………………. xvi ABSTRAK (Bahasa Indonesia)……………………………………….. xvii ABSTRAK (Bahasa Inggris)………………………………………….. xviii ABSTRAK (Bahasa Arab) …………………………………………… xix BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1.Latar Belakang …………………………………………... 1 1.2.Fokus Penelitian ……………………………………………. 11 1.3.Tujuan Penelitian ………………………………………….. 11 1.4.Manfaat Penelitian …………………………………………… 12 BAB II PEMBAHASAN 2.1. Penelitian terdahulu …………………………………………. 13 2.2. Kajian Teortitis ……………………………………........... 18 2.2.1. Budaya dan Tradisi ……………………………………… 18 2.2.1.1. Pengertian Budaya …………………………….. 18 2.2.1.2 Perwujudan Kebudayaan ………………………. 19 2.2.1.3 Pengertian Tradisi ……………………………… 20 2.2.1.4. Kearifan Lokal ………………………………… 21 2.2.2. Sumbangan …………………………………………. 22 x 2.2.2.1 Pengertian Sumbangan ………………………… 22 2.2.2.2 Bentuk Sumbangan ……………………………. 23 2.2.3 Pola Transaksi 2.2.3.1 Pengertian Pola Transaksi ……………………… 25 2.2.3.2.Bentuk Transaksi ……………………………… 27 2.2.4. Hutang Piutang ……..…..………………………. 29 2.2.4.1 Defini Hutang Piutang (Qardh)…………………. 29 2.2.4.2 Landasan Hukum Hutang Piutang………………. 31 2.2.4.3. Syarat Syarat Hutang Piutang …………………. 33 2.2.4.4 Harta Yang Harus dikembalikan …………….. 36 2.2.4.6. Faktor Faktor Utang Piutang …………………. 37 2.2.5. Hukum Hutang Piutang Dalam Islam …………………. 38 2.2.5.1. Sunnah ………………………………….. 38 2.2.5.2. Wajib …………………………………. 38 2.2.5.3. Haram …………………………………. 39 2.2.5.4. Melebihkan Pembayaran………………………. 41 2.2.6. Investasi Secara Umum ………………………………… 41 2.2.6.1. Pengertian Investasi …………………………… 41 2.2.6.2. Tujuan investasi ………………………………. 42 2.2.6.3. Proses Investasi ……………………………… 43 2.2.7. Investasi dalam Islam …………………………………. 47 2.2.7.1. Kegiatan Yang Dilarang Dalam Aktivitas Investasi 47 2.2.7.2. Aspek Investasi dalam Islam…………………… 49 2.2.7.3. Dasar Hukum Investasi dalam Islam …………… 50 2.3. Kerangka Konseptual …………………………………….. 54 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1. Jenis dan pendekatan penelitian ………………………… 57 3.2. Lokasi Penelitian ……………………………….. 57 3.3. Subyek penelitian ……………………………….. 58 3.4. Data dan Jenis Data ……………………………….. 59 xi 3.5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ……………………………… 63 3.5.1. Wawancara ………………………………. 64 3.5.2. Observasi ………………………………. 66 3.5.3. Dokumentasi ………………………………. 67 3.6. Analisi data ……………………………….. 68 3.6.1. Pengumpulan Data …………………………… 68 3.6.2. Reduksi Data ………………………………… 70 3.6.3. penyajian Data …………………………………. 70 3.6.4.Verifikasi dan Penarikaan Kesimpulan ……….. 71 3.7. Kreadibilitas Data ………………………………… 71 3.7.1. Triangulasi ………………………………… 71 3.7.2 Penggunaan Alat bantu …………………………. 72 3.7.3. Member Check …………………………. 73 BAB IV PAPARAN DATA 4.1. Gambaran Umum Wilayah Pulau Kangean ……………….. 74 4.1.1. Letak Geografis ………………………….. 74 4.1.2. Aspek Ekonomi ………………………….. 76 4.1.3. Aspek Sosial ………………………….. 77 4.1.4. Aspek Budaya ………………………….. 78 4.2. Data Hasil Wawancara …………………………. 81 4.2.1. Data Diri Narasumber ………………………….. 81 4.2.2. Data Wawancara …………………………. 82 4.2.3. Pengumpulan Data …………………………… 114 BAB V PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN 5.1. Mekanisme Pelaksanaan Budaya Totolongan Di Desa Kolo- Kolo
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