The Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound Appendices V and VI First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound March 1995 Design: Rich Rawling Editing/Layout: Cortex Consultants Inc. Appendices V and VI Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Appendices V and VI These appendices are a companion document to First Nations' Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound (March 1995), the third report of the Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound. This document, and other reports of the Scientific Panel, can be obtained from: Cortex Consultants Inc. 201-1290 Broad Street Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2A5 Phone (604) 360-1492 Fax (604) 360-1493 March 1995 i Appendices V and VI Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound March 1995 ii Appendices V and VI Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Table of Contents Appendix V Inventory of Plants and Animals Culturally Significant to the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of Clayoquot Sound Trees......................................................................................................................A-1 Shrubs ...................................................................................................................A-8 Herbaceous Plants ..............................................................................................A-16 Non-Vascular Plants............................................................................................A-32 Marine Algae........................................................................................................A-34 Land Mammals ....................................................................................................A-37 Sea Mammals......................................................................................................A-40 Birds.....................................................................................................................A-43 Fish......................................................................................................................A-50 Shellfish ...............................................................................................................A-60 Land Invertebrates...............................................................................................A-67 Appendix VI Inventory of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Cultural Areas by Resource and Association Plant Gathering / Tree Harvesting Areas.............................................................A-69 Hunting / Trapping Areas - Land Mammals .........................................................A-75 Hunting / Trapping Areas - Sea Mammals ..........................................................A-82 Hunting / Trapping Areas - Whales (Whaling) .....................................................A-85 Hunting / Trapping Areas - Birds .........................................................................A-87 Fisheries ..............................................................................................................A-89 Shellfish / Beach Food Gathering Areas..............................................................A-97 Summer and Winter Village Sites......................................................................A-102 Summer and Winter Camping Sites ..................................................................A-107 Spiritual Training Sites.......................................................................................A-111 Burial Sites ........................................................................................................A-114 Rock Transformations........................................................................................A-116 March 1995 iii Appendices V and VI Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound March 1995 iv Appendix V Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Appendix V Inventory of Plants and Animals Culturally Significant to the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of Clayoquot Sound Note 1: Citations for ethnobotanical data from 1978 of George Louie (Ahousaht), Peter and Jessie Webster (Ahousaht), Edith Simons (Clayoquot), Dan David (Opitsat), Jimmy McKay (Ucluelet), and Robert Sport (Ohiaht) are from interviews with Leslie Fenn and Maggie Norris done in the summer of 1978 on Pacific Rim Ethnobotany, for Parks Canada, Western Region and the Greater Victoria Environmental Centre. The interview notes were compiled and produced as a report to Parks Canada (Fenn et al. 1978). Turner and Efrat (1982), for Hesquiaht ethnobotany, incorporates the plant knowledge of the late Alice Paul, the late Mike Tom, the late George Ignace, and the late Alex Amos. Turner et al. (1983), for Ditidaht ethnobotany, well south of the Clayoquot area, includes the plant knowledge of the late John Thomas, the late Charlie Jones, Ida Jones, and other Ditidaht speakers, as recorded by John Thomas, Nancy Turner, Bob Ogilvie, and Barry Carlson; this information is included only as supplementary to the Clayoquot information. Ellis, Turner, and Swan (1976) pertains to plant knowledge of the late Luke Swan of Manhousaht, recorded by David Ellis and Nancy Turner. Earl George (1994) citations are from an interview with Nancy Turner in the spring of 1994. Full references are listed in the companion document First Nations' Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound (Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound 1995a). Note 2: Most of the scientific names for mammals and birds are from Cannings and Harcombe (1990); most Nuu-Chah-Nulth names for mammals, birds, and fish provided by Dr. George Wikinanish Louie, Ethnology and Linguistics, Royal British Columbia Museum. Shellfish names in Nuu-Chah-Nulth are mostly from Ellis and Swan (1981). Note 3: Additional information on the knowledge and use of many of these species is found in Management for a Living Hesquiat Harbour (Darling 1992), but this information is confidential at present. Note 4: There is no single, practical orthography for representing sounds in the Nuu-Chah-Nulth language. We have attempted to standardize our orthography as follows: 7 (glottal stop, also sometimes written ?); (pharyngeal, also sometimes written ); aa, ii, uu (long vowel sounds, also sometimes written a., i., u.); apostrophe following a letter (e.g., t’, m’) indicates glottalization; underlining (e.g., h, x) indicates sounds pronounced at the back of the throat. Some equivalent symbols are (with those used here listed first): ch=c; h=h; lh= ; sh=s; tl= ; x=x=x. Note 5: Items marked with a “?” require further verification. Trees Common Species name Nuu-Chah-Nulth Habitat Use and other notes Associated places: # from Bouchard and Reference English name name Kennedy, 1990 Alder, Red Alnus rubra qaqmapt Moist, rich Leafy branches used in steaming No specified place Edith Simons (Manhousaht, woods, clearings, pits; wood used for masks, rattles, 1978; Turner Hesquiaht, alluvial plains, bowls, bailers, small carvings; and Efrat Clayoquot) lakesides; along prime fuel for smoking fish; bark 1982:62; shoreline, where boiled for red dye, especially used Turner et al. indicative of for cedar bark; bark used as 1983:98–99 ancient village medicine for internal injuries, sites tuberculosis and lung ailments; medicine always gathered from river side of tree March 1995 A-1 Appendix V Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Trees Common Species name Nuu-Chah-Nulth Habitat Use and other notes Associated places: # from Bouchard and Reference English name name Kennedy, 1990 Arbutus Arbutus menziesii han’ahtuulh Dry Douglas-fir Wood steamed and made into Sproat Lake; on west coast, only in mid-upper George Louie (‘naked’) woods, rocky digging sticks (GL); leaves used as Muchalat Inlet on south aspect rocky sites 1978; Turner (Hesquiaht) outcrops; not medicine for sore throat (Cowichan; and Efrat found in known to Ditidaht) 1982:64; Clayoquot Turner et al. 1983:104 Cascara Rhamnus q’ay’aaxwasmapt Moist alluvial Wood used for D-adze and other hupitsit 872; Hesquiat peninsula Luke Swan purshiana (‘D-adze plant’) flats, open implement handles; cut from the 1976; George (Hesquiaht, woods; not root end down; bark used for Louie 1978; Manhousaht, common in laxative medicine and tonic, as well Turner and Ahousaht – applied Clayoquot; “now as worm medicine and stomach Efrat 1982:72; to crabapple by S. you have to go medicine (for upset stomach); bark Turner et al. Sam); or deep in the harvested in July and August; 1983:115; E. shuts7iqmapt, or woods or up chewed, or taken as infusion; George, pers. shumapt lakes and rivers infusion also used as external comm. 1994; (‘laxative-plant’; to find it” (EG) disinfectant; sometimes mixed with Bouchard and ‘defecate plant’) alder bark; bark gathered to sell to Kennedy 1990 (Hesquiaht, drug companies back in the ’30s Ahousaht) and ’40s (at about 20 cents per pound) Cedar, Thuja plicata inner bark: pits’ip Common on Highly important; wood used for tlaasmaqwulhh 155; muchaa 280; naxwaqis Jessie Western (generally Nuu- moist forested construction