Practice Exercises in Morphology Linguistics 201

Free and Bound Morphemes

List the morphemes in each word below, and state whether each morpheme is free (F) or bound (B).

1. creating 6. unhealthy

create (F) un (B) ing (B) health (F) y (B)

2. seaward 7. waiter

sea (F) wait (F) ward (B) er (B)

3. wastage 8. reconsider

waste (F) re (B) age (B) consider (F)

4. poetic 9. keys

poet (F) key (F) ic (B) s (B)

5. modernize 10. incompletion

modern (F) in (B) ize (B) complete (F) ion (B)

Word Trees

For each word below, draw a word tree.

1. shipper 6. simply 2. disobey 7. jumping 3. resettled 8. digitizes 4. anticlimaxes 9. activity 5. disengagement 10. confrontational

1. N 2. V

V DAff DAff V ship er dis obey

3. V

V

DAff V IAff

re settle d

4. N

N

DAff N IAff

anti climax es

5. 3. N

V

DAff V DAff

dis engage ment

6. Adv 7. V

Adj DAff V IAff simple y jump ing

For #7, “jumping” could also be either a noun (“Jumping over the water was dangerous”) or an adjective (“The jumping bunnies looked ridiculous.”) In both of these cases, “ing” is a derivational affix.

8. V

V

N DAff IAff

digit ize s

9. N

Adj

V DAff DAff

act ive ity

10. Adj

N

V DAff DAff

confront ation al

Practice Exercises in Morphology III Linguistics 201

I. Morphological Analysis

From the following data sets, identify the strings of sounds which correspond to the morphemes in each language.

Swahili

Swahili is a Bantu language which is spoken primarily in East Africa. There are approximately 800,000 native speakers of Swahili, and some 30,000,000 people (!) worldwide speak Swahili as a second language. anapenda 'he likes' alimona 'he saw him' atapenda 'he will like' alimsaidia 'he helped him' alipenda 'he liked' alimpiga 'he hit him' amependa 'he has liked' alimchukua 'he carried him' alinipenda 'he liked me' alimua 'he killed him' alikupenda 'he liked you' ananitazama 'he looks at me' alimpenda 'he liked him' atakusikia 'he will hear you' alitupenda 'he liked us' alitupanya 'he cured us' aliwapenda 'he liked them' ninakupenda 'I like you' nitampenda 'I will like him' nitawapenda 'I will like them'

Pronouns Tenses Verbs he: a [present]: na see: ona me: ni [future]: ta help: saidia you: ku [past]: li hit: piga him: m [past part.]: me carry: chukua us: tu kill: ua them: wa look: tazama I: ni hear: sikia cure: panya like: penda

Translate the following English sentences into Swahili: i. He has hit me. amenipiga ii. He helps us. anatusaidia iii. I will look at you. nitakutazama