Teaming with Nature Landscaping with the Natives

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Teaming with Nature Landscaping with the Natives Mary Jane Cary [email protected] WildlandsNetwork.org Meet the Locals Space Cover Water Food Small Predators Top Predators Pollinators and Distributors Producers Where do you live? Slash Pine Pinus elliotii Pine Flatwoods Firebush Hamelia patens Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera Elderberry Sambucus canadensis Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa Bluestems Andropogon spp. Gopher Apple Licania michauxii Lopsided Indiangrass Sorghastrum secundum Tropical Sage Salvia coccinea Cabbage Palm Sabal palmetto Live Oak Quercus virginiana Red Maple Acer rubrum Pop Ash Fraxinus caroliniana Gallberry Ilex glabra Wild Coffee Psychotrianervosa Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium Coontie Zamia pumila Elliott Lovegrass Eragrostis elliotii Goldenrod Solidago fistulosa Coreopsis Passionflower Passiflora incarnata leavenworthii Red-Shouldered Hawk Bobcat Bald Eagle Palm Warbler Pinewoods Tree Frog Eastern Indigo Snake Eastern Cottontail Rabbit Green Metallic Bee Gopher Tortoise Green Slantfaced Grasshopper Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum Wetlands Pond Cypress Taxodiumascendens Coastal Willow Salix caroliniana Sweet Bay Magnolia virginiana Butterfly Orchid Encyclia tampensis Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnomomea Pineland Lobelia Lobelia homophylla Royal Fern Osmunda regalis Dahoon Holly Ilex cassine Walter Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Fakahatchee Grass Tripsacum dactyloides Pink Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia capillaris Sand Cordgrass Spartina bakeri Periphyton Bacopa Bacopa monnieri Gulf Coast Spikerush Eleocharis cellulosa Softstem Bulrush Schoenoplectus abernaemontani Barred Owl Florida Black Bear American Alligator Brazilian Free-tail Bat Least Shrew Wood Stork River Otter Largemouth Bass Marsh Rabbit Mayfly nymph American Flagfish Southern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana Coastal Strand Sand Live Oak Quercus geminata Sand Pine Pinus clausa Simpson’s Stopper Myrcianthes fragrans Coastal Sea Rocket Cakile lanceolata Necklace Pod Sophora tomentosa Railroad Vine Ipomoea pes-caprae Prickly Pear Cactus Sea Oats Uniola paniculata Opuntia humifusa Buttonwood Conocarpus erecta Saltbush Atriplex pentandra Marsh Elder Iva frutescens Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alternifolia White Mangrove Laguncularia racemosa Black Mangrove Avicennia germinans Red Mangrove Rhizophora mangle Osprey Bottlenose Dolphin Brown Pelican Great Blue Heron Burrowing Owl Least Tern Horseshoe Crab Goliath Grouper Marsh Periwinkle Florida Manatee Longsnout Seahorse Teaming with Nature Evaluate space Plan pathways, trees and palms Create layered beds Bear Crossings Community Photo acknowledgements: Keith Bowers, Biohabitats Inc. Florida Association of Native Nurseries Stephen Brown, Lee Extension Dr. Doug Caldwell, Collier Extension Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission Dr. Gail Hansen, UF / IFAS Mike Leffler, Polk Extension National Park Service SPCA Florida SFL Water Management District.

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Epicladium Small Or Guarianthe Dressler & We Higgins (Orchidaceae)?
LANKESTERIANA 5(1): 63-67. 2005. EPICLADIUM SMALL OR GUARIANTHE DRESSLER & W.E. HIGGINS (ORCHIDACEAE)? JOHN BECKNER Curator Orchid Identification Center, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Ave., Sarasota, Florida 32667, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins as a genus has found little favor with orchid growers. If these species are a distinct genus from Cattleya Lindl., under any name, the effects will be substantial. All taxa of this alliance are of considerable horticultural importance, as species and in the ancestry of thousands of garden hybrids. In any case, Guarianthe cannot be replaced by Epicladium Small, which was based on Epidendrum boothianum. RESUMEN. El nombre genérico Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins ha sido poco aceptado por los horticultores. Si se trata de un género diferente a Cattleya Lindl., este hecho es significativo. Todas las especies de Guarianthe tienen gran importancia hortícola y han dado origen a miles de híbridos artificiales. En todo caso, Guarianthe no puede ser reemplazado por Epicladium Small, el cual se basa en Epidendrum boothianum. Ambos nombres genéricos no son equivalentes. KEY WORDS / PALABRAS CLAVE: Cattleya, Epicladium, Guarianthe, botanical nomenclature. Julian Shaw, Royal Horticulture Society Senior names, merely numbers, letters, and brief diagnosis. Registrar for Orchid Hybrids, has announced (Shaw They are groups of species that are rather arbitrary, 2004) that: “Guarianthe Predated by Epicladium. and there are no types singled out, so they need not Epicladium (Lindl.) Small is the name with date influence later nomenclature. Of the species Lindley priority for the generic concept recently described gives under Epidendrum, only E.
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00004-2005 ( .Pdf )
ESTE NÚMERO DE LANKESTERIANA FUE PUBLICADO GRACIAS AL GENTIL PATROCINIO DE LA FUNDACIÓN CHARLES H. LANKESTER ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 5, No. 1 ABRIL 2005 Memoria de uno de los grandes de la orquideología mundial: Karlheinz Senghas (1928-2004) CARLOS O. MORALES 1 Análisis de la literatura sobre plantas medicinales en Costa Rica (1930-2001) MILDRED GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ & CARLOS O. MORALES 3 El complejo de Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée (Polypodiaceae) en Costa Rica ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 41 Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 49 Bryophytes of the Santa Elena Peninsula and Islas Murciélago, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, with special attention to neotropical dry forest habitats GREGORIO DAUPHIN L. & MICHAEL H. GRAYUM 53 Epicladium Small or Guarianthe Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)? JOHN BECKNER 63 Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Peperomia hernandiifolia (Piperaceae) from Costa Rica JOSÉ F. CICCIÓ 69 Transfers to Epidendrum L. from Oerstedella Rchb. f. ERIC HÁGSATER & MIGUEL A. SOTO ARENAS 73 Continúa LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA LANKESTERIANA Another new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Peru RUDOLF JENNY 77 Una nueva especie y un nuevo registro de Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) en Costa Rica RICARDO KRIEBEL 81 Sobre un opus magnum de la orquideología neotropical: HÁGSATER, E. & SÁNCHEZ SALDAÑA, L. (EDS.). 2004. ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM, FASC. 7, THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM, PART 4, “A FOURTH CENTURY OF NEW SPECIES IN EPIDENDRUM” CARLOS O. MORALES 85 LANKESTERIANA LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA Copyright © 2005 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Fecha efectiva de publicación / Effective publication date: 30 de abril del 2005 Diagramación: Jardín Botánico Lankester Imprenta: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A.
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The Genus Encyclia (Hooker, Bot. Mag. 55: T. 2831 [1828]) Type: Encyclia Viridiflora [En-SEE-Clee-Ah Vi-Rid-I-FLOR-A]
The Genus Encyclia (Hooker, Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 [1828]) Type: Encyclia viridiflora [en-SEE-clee-ah vi-rid-i-FLOR-a] There are 183 species and 16 natural hybrids (OrchidWiz [update Sep 2017]) that are mostly epiphytes that can be separated into two subgenera (not widely accepted but culturally convenient). Members of the subgenus Encyclia are principally found in seasonally dry forest at elevations from sea level to 1000 meters, while members of the subgenus Osmophytum are found in wet forest from sea level to 3,000 meters. Encyclias are distributed throughout the tropical Americas (including the West Indies, see distribution map below) with the center of distribution being in Mexico. These plants are highly variable, clump-forming, evergreen with the genus characterized by the presence of pseudobulbs; the apical inflorescence; the flowers not exceeding four centimeters in diameter; the lip free from the column for most of its length; the column without a foot; and the four hard pollinia attached to caudicles. The slender, often multibranched, numerous to few-flowered inflorescence, borne from the stem tip, has showy, wonderfully fragrant flowers found in a wide range of colors and shades of yellow, brown, green or rare pink. The flowers have similar sepals and petals. The widely varied, Encyclia viridiflora entire or trilobed lip encircles the stout or slender, footless column, but is never fully attached. These plants are best mounted on branches or tree fern plaques and generally do best in intermediate conditions. Encyclia is part of the Cattleya alliance and is often used in Cattleya alliance breeding.
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Fairchild's Orchid Program
winter 2016 Fairchild’s Orchid Program: The synergy of science education, outreach and the beauty of the world’s most coveted plant published by fairchild tropical botanic garden The Shop AT FAIRCHILD Botanical Bird Glass Plate Regular price, $18.00 Member price, $16.20 GARDENING SUPPLIES | UNIQUE TROPICAL GIFTS | APPAREL ECO-FRIENDLY AND FAIR-TraDE PRODUCTS | ACCESSORIES | BOOKS TROPICAL GOURMET FOODS | HOME DÉCOR | ORCHIDS AND MUCH MORE Shop Hours: 7:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. Shop online at store.fairchildonline.com fairchild tropical botanic garden Photo by Rey Longchamp/FTBG contents FEATURES PARTNERS IN PLANT OAKES AMES: A shy man with a whip- CONSERVATION HALF 26 43 sharp sense of humor matched only by his A WORLD AWAY and wife Blanche’s passion for orchids DEPARTMENTS 4 FROM THE DIRECTOR 5 FROM THE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER 7 SCHEDULE OF EVENTS 9 GET IN ON THE CONSERVATION 11 EXPLAINING 15 VIS-A-VIS VOLUNTEERS 16 WHAT’S BLOOMING 19 THE ART IN GARTEN 26 CONSERVING 31 BOOK REVIEW 39 WHAT’S IN STORE 41 PLANT SOCIETIES 50 WHAT’S IN A NAME 52 EDIBLE GARDENING 57 BUG BEAT 58 PLANT COLLECTIONS 62 FROM THE ARCHIVES 64 GARDEN VIEWS CREATING A GARDEN CITY IN SINGAPORE 32 from the director reycinetia cumingiana, a spectacular plant in our Tropical Plant Conservatory, comes from a mountaintop rainforest in the south of Luzon, Philippines. A relative of Fthe pandan, Freycinetia is a distant cousin of palms, grasses and bromeliads. In the Garden, F. cumingiana bursts into bloom in the shortest days of winter, just as it does in its native habitat.
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Universidade Federal De Juiz De Fora Mestrado Em Ecologia Aplicada Ao
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada ao Manejo e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais Camila Nardy Delgado BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA, DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONSERVAÇÃO DE HADROLAELIA COCCINEA (LINDL.) CHIRON & V.P. CASTRO (ORCHIDACEAE, LAELIINAE) NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Juiz de Fora 2018 Camila Nardy Delgado BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA, DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONSERVAÇÃO DE HADROLAELIA COCCINEA (LINDL.) CHIRON & V.P. CASTRO (ORCHIDACEAE, LAELIINAE) NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia Aplicada ao Manejo e Conservação de Recursos Naturais Orientador: Dr. Luiz Menini Neto Co-orientadora: Dra. Ana Paula Gelli de Faria Juiz de Fora – MG Fevereiro de 2018 “BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA, DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONSERVAÇÃO DE HADROLAELIA COCCINEA (LINDL.) CHIRON & V.P. CASTRO (ORCHIDACEAE, LAELIINAE) NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL” Camila Nardy Delgado Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz Menini Neto Co-orientadora: Prof. Dra. Ana Paula Gelli de Faria Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ecologia Aplicada ao Manejo e Conservação de Recursos Naturais. Aprovado em 19 de Fevereiro de 2018. _______________________________________________
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From Roots of Encyclia Tampensis in South
Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Zettler, Lawawrence W.; Corey, Laura L.; Jacks, Alishia L.; Gruender, Luke T.; Lopez, Alyssa M. TULASNELLA IRREGULARIS (BASIDIOMYCOTA: TULASNELLACEAE) FROM ROOTS OF ENCYCLIA TAMPENSIS IN SOUTH FLORIDA, AND CONFIRMATION OF ITS MYCORRHIZAL SIGNIFICANCE THROUGH SYMBIOTIC SEED GERMINATION Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 13, núm. 1-2, agosto, 2013, pp. 119-128 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44340043013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 13(1–2): 119—128. 2013. TULASNELLA IRREGULARIS (BASIDIOMYCOTA: TULASNELLACEAE) FROM ROOTS OF ENCYCLIA TAMPENSIS IN SOUTH FLORIDA, AND CONFIRMATION OF ITS MYCORRHIZAL SIGNIFICANCE THROUGH SYMBIOTIC SEED GERMINATION LawRENCE W. ZETTLER*, LAURA L. COREY, ALISHIA L. JACKS, LUKE T. GRUENDER & ALYSSA M. LOPEZ Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL 62650, U.S.A. *Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Epiphytic orchids remain understudied with respect to their obligate mycorrhizal relationships – a key component of the integrated conservation model. Existing studies have revealed that these plants, like their terrestrial counterparts, commonly associate with ubiquitous basidiomycetes (e.g., Tulasnellaceae); however, few studies have verified their physiological role(s). Two strains of mycorrhizal fungi (UAMH 11541, UAMH 11543) were isolated from roots of an epiphytic orchid in south Florida, Encyclia tampensis; one was acquired from a seedling and one from a mature specimen.
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PALM 34 1 Working.Indd
Volume 34: Number 1 > 2017 The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Native Plant Society Palmetto Butterfly Orchid l Florida Alicia l 2017 FNPS Conference Florida’s So-Called ‘Butterfly Orchid’ By Chuck McCartney Although there are a number of orchid species around the world called Butterfly Orchid, to most orchidists,Psychopsis papilio and its three closest relatives are considered the classic Butterfly Orchid. By comparison, Florida’sEncyclia tampensis looks nothing like a butterfly, nor is it known to be pollinated by them. This specimen ofPsychopsis papilio was grown by Ernie Barham and photographed by Chuck McCartney. Encyclia tampensis was photographed by Christopher Ohanian on June 5, 2013, in northern Broward County. The most widespread epiphytic (tree-growing) orchid in the for Encyclia tampensis. It’s all very pretty and very poetic. The southern half of the Florida Peninsula is the pretty species known problem is, it makes no sense whatsoever. scientifically as Encyclia tampensis. Because so many laymen are The reason this new common name is a problem is the fact reluctant to learn botanical names (they say the latinate binomi- that the sweet-scented flowers of this orchid, which blooms als “scare” them or “confuse” them or are “hard to pronounce”), mostly in the late spring and early summer, look nothing like a it has become the practice to provide every plant, no matter butterfly, nor are they known to be pollinated by butterflies. The how obscure, with a so-called “common name” – even if such shape of the flowers and their honey-like fragrance produced a vernacular name has never been in common usage.
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Matanzas Pass Preserve Plant Species List
Appendix A: Plant Sightings at MPP Scientific names in this list are divided into four Family sections and were obtained from Wunderlin and Hansen 2003. Family Scientific Name Common Name FDACS FNAI IRC EPPC PTERIDOPHYTES Polypodiaceae Phlebodium Golden polypody aureum Pleopeltis Resurrection fern polypodioides Pteridaceae Acrostichum Giant leather danaeifolium fern Vittariaceae Vittaria lineata Shoestring fern GYMNOSPERMS Pinaceae Pinus elliottii Slash pine (planted) Zamiaceae Zamia pumila Florida CE arrowroot- planted MONOCOTYLEDONS Agavaceae Yucca aloifolia Spanish bayonet Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis Mangrove latifolia spiderlily Araceae Syngonium Arrowhead vine I podophyllum Arecaceae Acoelorraphe Everglades palm wrightii (planted) Cocos nucifera Coconut palm Phoenix reclinata Senegal date II palm Serenoa repens Saw palmetto Sabal palmetto Cabbage palm Syagrus Queen palm II romanzoffiana Washingtonia Washington fan II robusta palm Bromeliaceae Tillandsia Northern T balbisiana needleleaf Tillandsia Cardinal air plant E fasciculata Tillandsia flexuosa Twisted air plant T Tillandsia Ball moss recurvata Tillandsia Spanish moss usneoides Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Common dayflower 59 Family Scientific Name Common Name FDACS FNAI IRC EPPC Laguncularia White mangrove racemosa Tradescantia Oyster plant I spathacea Cyperaceae Cyperus ligularis Swamp flat sedge Cyperus rotundus Nutgrass Fimbristylis Hurricanegrass cymosa Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea Air potato I bulbifera Musaceae Musa acuminata Dwarf banana Orchidaceae Encyclia tampensis Florida
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George J. Wilder Jean M. Mccollom Naples Botanical Garden Natural Ecosystems 4820 Bayshore Drive 985 Sanctuary Road Naples, Florida 34112-7336, U.S.A
A FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF CORKSCREW SWAMP SANCTUARY (COLLIER COUNTY AND LEE COUNTY), FLORIDA, U.S.A. George J. Wilder Jean M. McCollom Naples Botanical Garden Natural Ecosystems 4820 Bayshore Drive 985 Sanctuary Road Naples, Florida 34112-7336, U.S.A. Naples, Florida 34120-4800, U.S.A [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Documented presently as growing wild within Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary (Collier Co. and Lee Co., Florida, U.S.A) are individuals of 126 families, 401 genera, 756 species, and 773 infrageneric taxa of vascular plants. Those data, combined with records from previous workers, yield a total of 770 species and 787 infrageneric taxa documented for the Sanctuary. Of the 773 infrageneric taxa documented presently, 611 (79.0%) are native to Florida. Herein, seven main kinds of habitats are recognized for the study area, and individual taxa inhabit one or more of those habitats. Twenty-nine presently reported infrageneric taxa are listed as Endangered (16 taxa) or Threatened in Florida (13 taxa). For South Florida, 36 infrageneric taxa listed as Extirpated (3 taxa), as Historical (5 taxa), or as Critically Imperiled (28 taxa) were documented during this study. RESUMEN Existen documentados individuos de 126 familias, 401 géneros, 756 especies, y 773 taxa infragenéricos de plantas vasculares que actual- mente crecen silvestres en Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary (Collier Co. y Lee Co., Florida, U.S.A). Estos datos, combinados con los registros de investigadores anteriores, dan un total de 770 especies y 787 taxa infragenéricos documentados para el Sanctuary. De los 773 taxa infra- genéricos documentados actualmente, 611 (79.0%) son nativos de Florida.
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Genius Preserve Comprehensive Species Inventory1 Updated Dec 2011
Genius Preserve Comprehensive Species Inventory1 Updated Dec 2011 COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS2 USE3 rosary pea Abrus precatorius E (I) red maple Acer rubrum N BPR, CGR leather fern Acrostichum danaeifolium N white snakeroot Ageratina altissima N PG giant taro Alocasia macrorrhiza E shell ginger Alpinia zerumbet E yellow joyweed Alternanthera flavescens N spiny amaranth Amaranthus spinosus E common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia N serviceberry Amelanchier arborea N pepper-vine Ampelopsis arborea N chalky bluestem, broomsedge Andropogon virginicus N WM pond-apple Annona glabra N groundnut Apios americana N Mexican pricklypoppy Argemone mexicana N wiregrass Aristida stricta N CGR, WM scarlet milkweed Asclepias curassavica E CGR4, PG4 asparagus fern Asparagus aethiopicus E (I) crested saltbush Atriplex pentandra N starfruit Averrhoa carambola E lemon bacopa Bacopa caroliniana N dwarf false indigo Baptisia alba v. minor N WM crested phillipine violet Barleria cristata E orchid tree Bauhinia variegata E (I) beggarticks Bidens alba N smallfruit beggarticks Bidens mitis N PG swamp fern Blechnum serrulatum N spiderling Boerhavia spp. N bougainvillea Bougainvillea spectabilis E paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera E (II) angel's trumpet Brugmansia suaveolens E American beautyberry Callicarpa americana N BPR, CGR, WM4 weeping bottlebrush Callistemon viminalis E camellia Camellia japonica* E yellow canna Canna flaccida N canna Canna indica E Florida paintbrush Carphephorus corymbosus N WM pignut hickory Carya glabra N BPR, CGR COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS2 USE3 sugarberry Celtis laevigata N coastal sandspur Cenchrus spinifex N buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis N Eastern redbud Cercis canadensis N nightflowering jessamine Cestrum nocturnum E Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosiodes E fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus N goldenaster Chrysopsis mariana N WM camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora E (I) citrus Citrus sp.
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The Molecular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1995 The olecM ular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae). Malcolm Ray Neyland Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Neyland, Malcolm Ray, "The oM lecular and Morphological Systematics of Subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)." (1995). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6040. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6040 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
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Epiphytes in Pinellas County
plant has adapted to life in the treetops by becoming very, very drought tolerant. Instead of having roots in nice damp soil, this fern’s roots are otherwise occupied, holding on to its substrate. In between rain showers and for most of the dry season, resurrection fern blades are curled around the top side (adaxial surface) of the frond. Plant leaves have tiny pores usually on the abaxial surface called stomata (from Greek: mouth). This is where carbon dioxide and water are “inhaled.” These specialized organs can be opened or shut depending on time of day, temperature, or other environmental condi- tions. When the resurrection fern is in the process of drying out, the stomata are opened and desiccation happens rapidly. When rains return, the stomata are again opened and the frond quickly re-hydrates. The abaxial surface of the frond is also covered in brownish scales. These help collect and hold rainwater like a sponge. Pinellas Epiphytes Another epiphytic fern is the Shoestring Fern (Vittaria lineata). By its common name and the specific epithet “lineata” you Pinellas County Natural Resources can guess what the fronds look like: long, green strands. In more southerly swamps the fronds can reach 60cm (2’) in length, here they are more like 10cm (4”). The fronds have incurved margins where the sori are found. Introduction Finally our third truly epiphytic fern is the Golden Foot Polypody, Phlebodium aureum. Phlebodium shares the same root as phlebotomist, a specialist in drawing blood, and it means “veiny.” This fern has a substantial frond with a strong petiole Many of Florida’s native trees are festooned with loads of hitchhiking plants.
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