Of Subjects (Key Words)

Home , Aa (plant), Acianthera, Aeranthes, Ancipitia, Andinia (plant), Barkeria lindleyana

LANKESTERIANA 20(Supplemet): 37–53. 2020.

Cumulative indices of Lankesteriana vol. 1–20, 2001–2020

INDEX OF SUBJECTS (KEY WORDS)

A Altitude — 88 Altitudinal range — 531 Aa — 2 Amazon — 246 Aa paleacea — 268 Amazon River — 506 Acanthaceae — 375 Amazonas — 367 Acanthus — 9 Amazonia — 61, 246 Acclimatization — 474 Amazônia — 322 Aceite esencial — 593 Amazonian lowlands — 191 Acianthera — 177, 574 América Central septentrional — 124 Acianthera aberrans — 312 Amyris — 370 Acianthera bidentula — 310 Amyris magnifolia — 370 Acianthera calopedilon — 310 Anacheilium calamarium — 138 Acianthera cephalopodiglossa — 310 Anacheilium punctiferum — 138 Acianthera saundersiana — 310 Anathallis — 177, 232 Acianthera serpentula — 310 Anatomía foliar — 16 Acianthera sotoana — 105 Anatomy — 167 Acianthera velteniana — 310 Ancash — 291 Aclimatización — 473 Ancipitia — 56 Acoelorrhaphe wrightii — 586 Andean forest — 485 Acronia — 329, 556 Andean orchids — 4, 134 Acroniae — 203 Andean montane forest — 503 Actividad biológica — 102 Andes — 309, 353, 458, 548 Actividad minera — 395 Andinia — 318 Adaptación — 16 Andinia nummularia — 318 Adaptation — 16, 501 Andinia obesa — 318 aDNA — 158 Anetium citrifolium — 362 Adquisición de competencia — 8 Angiospermas — 239 Aeranthes arachnitis — 394 Angraecinae — 68, 320 Aeridinae — 187, 338, 566, 582 Antenniferae — 330 Aetheorhyncha —182 Antique — 81 AFLP — 185, 210 Ants — 394 AFLP sequences —263 Apocynaceae — 150, 369 Agaonidae — 460 Apocynoideae — 150, 369 Agaricales — 131 Árbol de sombra — 465 Agasthyamalai — 197 Arctostaphylos — 274 Agromizid — 532 Areas protegidas — 438 AIB — 115 Area-selection — 209 Alberto M. Brenes — 483, 558 Aristolochia — 202 Allopolyploidy — 10 Aristolochiaceae — 202 Allozymes — 184 Aromas florales — 539 Alpine habitats — 194 Artificial pollination — 271 Alta Verapaz — 147 Asclepiadaceae — 460

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Ascomycetes — 274 Bosque de Paz — 168 Asteraceae — 520 Bosque de Protección Alto Mayo — 518 Astroselaginella — 195 Bosque(s) montano(s) — 436 Asymbiotic germination — 406 Bosque muy húmedo subtropical — 497 Atlántida — 382 Bosque premontano — 61 Atractiellales — 247 Bosque seco tropical — 409 Attalea — 36 Bosques montanos andinos — 503 Auguste R. Endrés — 483 Botanic garden — 216 Augustus R. Endrés — 414 Botanical garden — 163, 570 Australia conservation status — 24 Botanical history — 414, 426 Australian orchid flora — 354 Botanical illustration — 429, 526 Autogamy — 358 Botanical nomenclature — 132, 561 Autographa gamma — 345 Botany — 50 Azuay — 282 Brachionidium — 319 Bradysia — 346 B Brasil — 254 Backyards — 479 Brazil — 254, 426, 454, 468, 489, 505 Bahia — 317 Brazil Nordeste — 506 Baiting — 364 Brazilian Atlantic forest — 311, 317, 368 BAP — 115 Brazilian endemic species — 347 Barcoding — 262 Breeding system — 28 Barkeria lindleyana — 78 Bromeliaceae — 557 Basidiomycetes — 274, 589 Broughtonia cubensis — 145 Basidiomycota — 571 Bryophyta — 40 Baskervilla — 304 Bryophyte cover — 398 Bayesian inference — 265 Buenaventura — 592 Belice — 7 Bulbophyllum — 496 Belize — 605 Bulbophyllum exaltatum — 184 Bell’s Theory — 394 Bulbophyllum hainanense — 302 Benzingia — 1 Bulbophyllum section Polymeres informal series — Bhutan — 285, 338 525 Bibliography — 504 Bulbophyllum sections — 303 Biggest flower — 339 Byttneria osaensis — 360 Bioclimatic niches — 409 Byttneria pescaprifolia — 360 Biodiversidad — 154, 321 Byttneria sectio Vahihara — 360 Biodiversity — 81, 154, 209, 267, 321 Biogeography — 174, 209, 175, 583 C Biography — 504, 505, 506 Cadeia do Espinhaço — 184 Biological activity — 102 Cafeto — 465 Biological characters — 540 Caladenia — 25, 199, 524 Biological control — 569 Calaway H. Dodson — 163 Biosystematics — 34 Callus — 41, 329 Blechnaceae — 371 Camaridium — 179 Blechnum — 371 Cambio climático — 409 Bolívar — 367 Campo rupestre — 184, 420 Bolivia — 212, 226316, 140, 309 Campos rupestres — 34 Bosque de neblina — 124 Campylocentrum palominoi — 320

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Campyloneurum — 64 Clasificación infragenérica — 292 Canellaceae — 457 Classification — 528 Capacity building — 605 Cleistogamy — 396 Caparaó National Park — 347 Climate change — 409 Cape-sable orchid — 532 Climatic variables — 485 Capsule development — 42 Clonality — 262 Carbohidratos — 585 Cloning — 425 Carchi — 458, 519, 576 Cloruro de tetrazolio — 85 Caribbean — 242 Cloud forest — 124, 226, 244, 331, 548 Carl Luer — 6 Cnemidaria — 383 Carvona —593 Codex de la Cruz-Badiano — 591 Carvone —593 Coding region — 162 Catasetum — 322, 445, 468 Coelogyne flaccida — 477 Catasetum bicolor — 321 Coelogyninae — 164 Catasetum lucisuareziae — 321 Coffea — 36 Cattleya — 132, 220 Coffea arabica — 9 Cattleya granulosa — 489 Coffee plantations — 9 Cattleya quadricolor — 418 Coffee tokens — 9 Cauca — 92 Cohniella — 315 Caulerpa — 36 Coins — 9, 35, 442 Ceiba — 36 Collabiinae — 285 Ceiba pentandra — 9 Collaboration — 422, 605 Central America — 3, 396, 435, 457 Collection — 407 Central Americas — 493 Colombia — 91, 107, 136, 141, 272, 281, 289, 301, Central Jungle of Peru — 319 320, 324, 342, 554, 548, 592 Central Peru — 134 Colombian Massif — 92 Ceratobasidiaceae — 247 Colonization — 531 Ceratobasidium — 467, 582 Comayagua — 80 Cerros de La Carpintera — 100 Commensalism — 398 Chapada Diamantina — 420 Community participation — 223 Charles Darwin — 83, 243 Comparettia — 62 Charles H. Lankester — 50 Comparettia sotoana — 62 Checklist — 19, 44, 286, 292 Competencia — 145 Chemotropism — 582 Complementarity — 209 Chiloschista glandulosa — 580 Complementarity analysis — 496 Chiloschista javanica — 580 Computing — 425 Chiloschista lunifera — 580 Condor — 305 Chiloschista parishii — 580 Condor mountain chain — 61 Chloraea — 53 Cono Sur — 238 Chocó — 592 Conservación — 100, 321, 585 Choluteca — 382 Conservación de orquídeas — 395 Christensonia — 187 Conservación ex situ— 473 Christensonia vietnamica — 187 Conservation — 27, 34, 35, 67, 68, 70, 216, 267, 269, Circa situm conservation — 224 321, 403, 406, 410, 418, 427, 428, 478, 480, 500, CITES — 499 540, 570, 571, 601, 606 Clases de vida — 110, 145, 434 Conservation assessment — 117 Clasificación —528 Conservation genetics — 517

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Conservation techniques — 425 Cyrtochilum leucopterum — 342 Containers — 460 Cytogenetics — 174 Convergence — 560 D Cooperative research — 604 Cordillera del Cóndor — 61, 290 Dactylorhiza — 10 Cordillera Occidental — 107 Daiotyla — 182 Cortés — 382 Dark septate endophytes — 502 Coryanthes — 188, 536, 538 Darwin initiative — 267 Coryanthes kaiseriana — 535 Data accumulation — 117 Corybas annamensis — 189 Data collection — 168 Corybas geminigibbus — 189 Data sharing — 422 Corybas himalaicus — 189 Databases — 561 Costa Rica — 5, 9, 12, 15, 36, 40, 44, 50, 64, 65, 78, 79, Decanal — 52 90, 93, 106, 108, 123, 137, 141, 149, 159, 162, 195, Decanoic acid — 52 201, 202, 204, 208, 211, 234, 235, 239, 245, 272, 277, Deceipt-pollination — 83 280, 295, 312, 313, 314, 330, 336, 351, 352, 358, Deceit — 278 359, 360, 361, 363, 370, 372, 373, 375, 377, 378, Deceit pollination — 461 380, 383, 384, 397, 414, 433, 438, 442, 457, 476, Deciduousness — 358 486, 492, 506, 508, 512, 520, 521, 527, 529, 537, Dendrobium — 474 538, 541, 544, 545, 554, 557, 559, 567, 575, 587, 600 Dendrophylax barrettiae — 381 Cotapata — 140, 436 Dendrophylax lindenii — 13 Cranichideae — 268, 316 Desarrollo de cápsulas — 85 Critically endangered species — 82 Desarrollo embrionario — 503 Cromatografía de gases — 593 Descripción de hábitat — 93 Crossoglossa — 79, 201 Descriptive terms — 168 Crossoglossa sotoana — 79, 201 Desert —2 Croton corinthius — 106 Desierto costero — 96 Croton megistocarpus — 106 Deutsche Orchideengesellschaft (D.O.G.) — 54 Cryptic species — 203 Dichapetalaceae — 492 Cuba — 13, 125, 145, 286, 297, 349, 350, 356, 381 Dichapetalum — 492 Cucullia umbratica — 345 Dichogamy — 108 Cultivo de tejidos — 8, 87 Dichotomous key — 333 Culture media — 427 Dicogamia — 108 Cusco — 294, 353 Digital — 534 Cyathea — 383 Dilomilis — 177 Cyatheaceae —383 Diodonopsis — 91 Cyclopogon —358 Discrimination — 534 Cycnoches — 445 Disjunct — 457 Cymbidieae — 30, 81, 179, 180, 182, 321, 546 Distribución — 93 Cypripedioideae — 300, 301, 526 Distribución geográfica — 100 Cypripedium — 121, 463 Distribución vertical — 110 Cypripedium calceolus — 82 Distribution — 3, 74, 480 Cypripedium candidum — 258 Disturbance — 500 Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens — 500 Diversidad —98 Cyrtochilum —281, 282, 287, 289, 291, 305, 552, 553, Diversity —140, 410 573 DNA — 158, 288 Cyrtochilum aemulum — 293 DNA analysis — 425

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DNA barcoding — 162, 295, 399 Encyclia cajalbanensis — 125 DNA markers — 185, 263 Encyclia cordigera — 63 Domesticación de plantas — 102 Encyclia fucata — 125 Dominican Republic — 356 Encyclia microtos — 115 Donald D. Dod — 299 Encyclia parviflora — 63 Dracontia — 365 Encyclia tampensis — 571 Dracula — 107 Encyclia tripunctata — 138 Drymonia conchocalyx — 378 Encyclia × nizanburyi — 126 Drymonia glandulosa — 378 Endangered orchid — 41, 290, 543 Drymonia mortoniana — 378 Endangered species — 107, 517, 552 Drymonia pilífera — 108 Endemic — 216, 566 Drymonia tomentulifera — 108 Endemic group— 540 Dryness stress — 410 Endemic species — 34 Dryopteridaceae — 363 Endemism — 324 Endemismo(s) —100, 105 E Endophytes —129 Ear tree — 486 Enfermedades — 60, 471 Eastern Andes — 58, 318 England — 435 Eastern Colombia — 323 Enjambres híbridos — 528 Echinorhyncha — 182 Enterolobium –36 Echinosepala aspasicensis — 574 Enterolobium cyclocarpum — 486 Echinosepala pan — 574 Enterosora bishopii — 351 Echiteae — 150, 369 Enterosora enterosoroides — 351 Ecología — 145, 350 Enterprise — 606 Ecology — 188, 410 Entomología —60 EcoMinga — 340 Environment — 258 Ecosistema de lomas — 53 Environmental influence — 139 Ecosystem types — 540 Epicladium —132 Ecuador — 30, 62, 169, 172, 282, 293, 298, 299, 300, Epidanthus —195 332, 333, 334, 306, 327, 331, 456, 507, 510, 519, Epidendra — 561 579, 597, 601 Epidendreae — 236, 249, 319, 551, 572 Ecuadorean orchids — 283 Epidendroideae — 30, 123, 127, 170, 236, 238, 290, Edaphic — 403 303, 321, 343, 546, 572 Education — 27, 35, 59 Epidendrum — 111, 131, 134, 136, 147, 156, 304, 515, Efectos del glifosato — 116 564, 571 El Paraíso — 382 Epidendrum alieniferum — 313 El Queremal — 171 Epidendrum brenesii — 65 Elaphoglossum — 372 Epidendrum calamarium — 138 Elleanthus — 123, 278 Epidendrum Grupo Elleanthoides — 137 Elleanthus carinatus — 529 Epidendrum jorge-warneri — 314 Elleanthus ligularis — 123 Epidendrum macrostachyum group — 136 Embriogénesis somática — 87 Epidendrum melinanthum — 116 Embryo development — 503 Epidendrum punctiferum — 138 Emergence — 199 Epidendrum × sandiorum — 313 eMonocot — 422 Epidendrum selaginella — 195 Encyclia — 304, 356, 396 Epidendrum sotoanum — 65 Encyclia adenocarpa — 63 Epidendrum tolimense — 137

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Epidendrum tripunctatum — 138 Fatty acid derivatives — 52 Epidendrum zunigae — 312 Fertilizantes — 585 Epífita(s) — 13, 100, 322, 586 Fiber bundle — 595 Epifitismo — 16 Ficus lasiosyce — 159 Epigeny —139 Field notes — 168 Epipactis helleborine — 500 Fig — 460 Epiphyte(s) — 322, 410, 484, 582, 586 Filogenia molecular — 160 Epiphyte orchids — 140 Fingerprinting — 185 Epiphytic —364 Fingerprinting analyses — 139 Epiphytic orchids — 63, 247, 503, 571 Fitness advantage — 138 Epiphytism — 16 Fitopatología — 60 Epistephium — 313 Fitoquímica — 102 Especies amenazadas — 107 Flora — 194, 368 Especies crípticas — 203 Flora of Costa Rica — 249, 574, 577, 578, 581 Especies simpátricas — 576 Flora of India — 447 Especificidad de sustrato — 13 Floral baits — 461 Especímenes tipo — 200, 352 Floral fragrance components — 63 Essential oil — 593 Floral fragrances — 445, 539 Essequibo — 421 Floral glands — 441 Estadíos de vida — 465 Floral morphology — 560 Estudios fitoquímicos — 12 Floral variation — 83 Estudios florísticos — 438 Florida — 406, 462 eTaxonomy —422 Florida endangered orchid — 532 Etnobotánica — 12 Floristic — 440 Euchile — 473 Floristic change — 478 Eugenia earthiana — 373 Florística — 147, 154, 440 Euglossa — 462 Floristics — 154, 312, 433, 583 Euglossine bee — 461 Flower reward — 441, 481 Euglossini bees — 409 Flowering — 485 Eulophia —28 Fly pollination — 244 Euphorbiaceae — 106 Foliar explants —477 Euryblema —182 Food deception — 481 Eurystyles —233 Food deception pollination — 462 Everglades National Park — 67 Food limitation — 568 Evolutionary history — 560 Forest — 601 Ex situ— 216, 224 Forest recovery — 478 Ex situ collections — 35 Form — 168 Ex situ conservation — 122, 155, 606 Forófito(s) — 110, 145, 147, 434, 465, 586 Exploración — 426 Fossil orchid — 425 Exploration — 426 Fragrant clade — 592 Exsicados — 73 Fruit set — 82 Exsiccates — 158 Fruiting — 485 Extinction rates — 498 Fungal persistence — 157 Fungi — 569 F Fungus gnats — 346 Fabaceae — 486 Farallones de Cali — 339

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G Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica (CR) — 208, 558 Herbarium — 158 GC/MS — 52 Herbarium MOL — 20 GC-MS analysis — 593 Hetaeria finlaysoniana — 74 Gene banks — 399 Heterobasidiomycetes —589 Gene conversion — 10 Heterotrophy — 568 Generic circumscription — 560 Hibridación espontánea — 202 Generic recircumscription — 180 Hibridación interespecífica — 201 Genetic — 590 Híbrido natural — 126 Genetic variability — 184 Híbridos naturales — 567 Geographic — 590 Himachal Pradesh — 19 Geographic barrier —184 Himalaya — 194, 338 Geography — 3, 414 Histología — 87 Geological processes — 193 Histoquímica — 87 Geology — 3 Historia de la botánica — 426 Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer — 421 History — 50, 570 Germinación — 486 History of botany — 429, 504, 505, 506, 600 Germinación asimbiótica — 585 History of science — 561 Germinación in vitro — 85 Hoffmannia stephaniae — 204 Germinación simbiótica — 131 Hoffmannseggella — 34 Germination — 407 Hofmeisterella — 266 Gesneriaceae — 108, 378 Homonym — 138 Gibsoniothamnus — 521 Hon Ba — 74 Gibsoniothamnus ficticius — 521 Hon Ba nature reserve — 302 Glenion — 329, 330 Honduras —497 Grammitidaceae — 351, 384 Horticulture — 435 Grasslands — 127 Host plant — 586 Greater Antilles — 299, 356 Host trees — 398 Guanacaste — 486 Hoya de Quito — 329 Guarea — 90 Huanuco — 296 Guarianthe — 36, 132, 462 Humid tropical premontane forest — 226 Guarianthe skinneri — 9 Huperzia — 361 Guatemala — 57, 147, 223 Hurricane recovery — 242 Guayana — 367 Hybrid ferns — 380 Guiana — 421 Hybrid swarms —528 Guyana — 304 Hybridization — 10, 139, 210, 271 Hylaea — 150 H Hymenophyllaceae — 374 Heliconiaceae — 352 Hymenophyllum — 374 Helmuth Schmidt-Mumm — 342 Habenariinae — 68 Hemiparasite hosts — 208 Habitat — 70, 88, 407 Hemispherical canopy photographs — 119 Habitat destruction — 489 Herbaria — 468 Habitat fragmentation — 25 Herbario — 73 Hábito de crecimiento — 98 Herbario del Instituto Superior Pedagógico de Pinar Haiti — 299 del Río — 349 Haplotype network — 590 Herbario Luis A. Fournier (USJ) — 200, 559 Helechos arborescentes — 383

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Helechos híbridos — 380 Java — 192 Heliconia rodriguezii — 352 Jean-Théodore Descourtilz — 454 High Andean — 18 John Lindley — 454 Jules Paul Benjamin Delessert — 454 I Junín — 134 Identification — 604 Justicia — 375 Ilyonectria — 503 Justicia chaconii — 375 In situ — 224 In situ conservation — 122, 498 K In situ seed germination — 524 Kaplan-Meier — 484 In vitro — 220, 474 Keikis — 116 In vitro axillar bud — 115 Kerala — 197 In vitro culture — 118 Kew — 526 In vitro germination — 427 Khanh Hoa — 74 In vitro propagation — 155 Knowledge — 117 In vitro seed germination — 42 Kokonukos — 92 India — 584 Kollam — 197 Indicators — 111 Krugiodendron acuminatum — 512 Infrageneric classification — 292 Inhibición — 116 L Inoculum — 157 Labellar morphology — 55, 331 Inselberg de granit — 68 Labellum — 203, 330 Itajaí Valley — 368 Lady slippers — 57 Integrated — 70 Laelia — 220 Integrated conservation — 64, 101 Laelia anceps — 585 Internal Transcribed Sequences (ITS) — 262 Laelia speciosa — 41 Interpretation of types — 604 Laeliinae — 34, 138, 269, 396 Interspecific hybridization — 201 Lankesterella — 233, 356 Inti — 180 Lankesteriana —232 Introduced plants — 15 Las Cruces Biological Station — 483 Introgression — 210 Last glacial maximum — 175 Invalid names — 57 Laurus — 9, 36 Invasive species — 127 Le Madagascar — 68 Inventario de diversidad florística — 239 Leaf — 595 Inventory — 226 Leaf anatomy — 16 Isolation — 199 Leaf essential oil composition — 52 Italy — 129 Lectotype — 18 ITS rDNA — 10, 210 Lectotipificación — 53 ITS sequences — 263 Lectotypification — 53 ITS sequencing — 571 Leguminosae — 377 Ixyophora — 182 Lellingeria — 141, 384 Izaccíhuatl — 98 Lentibulariaceae — 587 Lepanthes — 119, 147, 154, 178, 235, 236, 350, 398, J 484 Jalca — 111 Lepanthes arenasiana — 234 Jalisco — 325 Lepanthes brenneri — 290 Jammu & Kashmir — 19 Lepanthes cissyana — 550

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Lepanthes dougdarlingii — 550 Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae — 556 Lepanthes erubescens — 549 Macrophyllae-Racemosae — 330 Lepanthes hexapus — 169 Madidi — 436 Lepanthes kabebatae — 313 Maharashtra — 584 Lepanthes lucifer — 340 Malaxideae — 79, 201, 357 Lepanthes mashpica — 283 Malaxis — 588 Lepanthes maxillaris — 575 Malesia —209 Lepanthes montis-narae — 575 Malesian flora — 81, 170 Lepanthes niesseniae — 340 Malpighia incana — 110 Lepanthes sabinadaleyana — 550 Management — 70 Lepanthes sandiorum — 549 Mapinguari — 180 Lepanthes sanjuanensis — 549 Marcgrave — 468 Lepanthes satyrica — 283 Marcgravia — 554 Lepanthes schizocardia — 575 Marcgraviaceae — 554 Lepanthes sotoana — 575 Marie Selby — 163 Lesser Antilles — 356 Marsipanthes — 340 Liberal arts — 417 Masdevallia — 91, 177, 178, 296, 304, 551 Life history — 25,568 Masdevallia lata — 249 Ligeophila — 367 Masdevallia luerorum — 249 Light parameters — 119 Masdevallia vilcabambensis — 326 Light traps — 345 Mashpi Reserve — 283 Lima — 53 Mathematical models — 138 Limonene — 593 matK — 158, 179 Limoneno — 593 Mato Grosso — 246, 322 Lippia alba —593 Maxillaria cacaoensis — 179 Lista anotada — 44 Maxillariella — 180 Lista de especies — 241 Maxillariinae — 3, 179, 180, 254, 265 Lista de orquídeas — 98 Melanagromyza miamensis— 67 Listado — 292 Meliaceae — 90 Lithophytic orchids — 503 Melitophily —461 Living collection — 155 Mepiphytes —242 Logged forest — 410 MER — 325 Lomariopsidaceae — 372 Mesoamerica — 369, 433, 535, 536, 537 Lomas formations — 2 Metapopulation — 119 Lophiaris — 325 Mexican orchids — 176 Loranthaceae (s.l.) — 208 Mexico — 98, 216, 325, 369, 493, 498, 512, 539 Luer — 318 Mexipedium — 463 Lycaste —295 Microhabitat — 398, 586 Lycaste bruncana — 295 Microhábitat — 586 Lycopodiaceae — 361 Micropetalum — 301 Micropropagación — 8, 473 M Micropropagation — 220, 427, 477, 606 Machu Picchu — 288 Microsatellites — 101 Macizo del Turimiquire — 440 Microsclerotia — 502 Macradenia brassavolae — 245 Microsites of establishment — 586 Macroclinium — 246 Micrositio — 434, 465 Macro-moths — 345 Micrositios de establecimiento — 586

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Miguel Ángel Soto Arenas — 65 N Miguelia — 480 Mindanao — 164, 170 Naranjo — 434 Miniature Telipogon — 548 Nassau-Siegen — 468 Mining activities — 395 Native flora — 127 Mirto — 442 Natural hybrid — 126, 297 Modeling of geographic distribution — 71 Natural hybrids — 359 Molecular phylogenetics — 174, 265, 530 Natural protected areas — 498 Molecular phylogeny — 160, 233 Natural reserves — 540 Monagas —440 Natural selection — 83, 138 Monedas —442 Naturalization — 28 Monitoring — 59 NDVI —533 Monocots — 368 Nectar —278 Moraceae —159 Nectar-robbery — 394 Morfología —149, 203 Nectary —278 Mormolyca — 254, 265 Negros Occidental — 566 Morphoanatomy — 501 Nematodes — 121 Morphologic variation — 479 Neomirandea — 520 Morphology — 203, 272 Neomirandea pendulissima — 520 Mountain building and orchids — 4 Neooreophilus —58 Mulch — 28 Neotropical dry forest — 40 Munismatics — 442 Neotrópico — 238, 254, 322 Mudslides — 410 Neotropics — 4, 15, 175, 238, 254, 322, 496 Mycetophila — 346 Neottieae — 191, 280 Mycobionts — 247 Nested clade analysis — 590 Mycophagy — 568 new Chiloschista — 338, 343, 580 Mycophilous — 244 New combination(s) — 138, 287, 357, 553 Mycorrhiza — 101, 111, 157, 364, 403, 569, New Cyrtochilum — 323 Mycorrhizae — 118 New hybrid — 306 Mycorrhizal —258 New Lepanthes — 169 Mycorrhizal fungi — 156, 224, 467 New Masdevallia — 572, 572 Mycorrhizal harvesting — 199 New orchid species — 290, 395, 536, 537 Mycorrhizal relationships — 571 New Phalaenopsis — 447 Myoxanthus — 277, 574 New plant record — 194 Myoxanthus affinis — 6 New record(s) — 74, 81, 236, 302, 312, 313, 314, 363, Myoxanthus octomeriae — 6 444 Myoxanthus scandens — 397 New species — 30, 58, 62, 79, 91, 123, 136, 141, 192, Myoxanthus sect. Silenia — 277 197, 215, 281, 282, 284, 285, 289, 291, 294, 295, Myoxanthus sotoanum — 397 296, 298, 300, 301, 305, 313, 314, 318, 319, 320, Myoxanthus vittatus — 277 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 341, 342, 363, 397, 456, Myrosmodes — 18, 316 464, 507, 509, 510, 525, 529, 549, 551, 552, 553, Myrosmodes paludosa — 268 566, 573, 574, 575, 577, 578, 579, 581, 597 Myrtaceae — 373 New underground orchid — 354 Myrtle — 442 Nicaragua — 90 Myrtus — 35 Niche modeling — 175, 530 Myrtus communis — 442 Nichos bioclimáticos — 409 Myrtus sp. — 9 Nicotiana — 36

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Nineteenth century — 435 Orchid flora — 299, 356, 540 Nizanda — 126 Orchid flowers — 138 Nomenclature — 57, 412, 588, 589 Orchid fungi isolation — 122 North America — 417 Orchid herbivory — 532 Northern Central America — 124 Orchid mycorrhiza —269 Novelties — 211 Orchid mycorrhizae (OM) — 71 Nueva especie — 290, 395, 507 Orchid mycorrhizal fungi — 582 Nuevos registros — 7 Orchid pests — 471 Numismática — 36, 442 Orchid pollination — 295, 346 Numismatics — 9 Orchid species distribution — 4 Nutrient supply — 121 Orchidaceae — 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 16, 20, 22, 44, 62, 68, 78, 83, 96, 100, 123, 125, 129, 136, 137, 138, 145, O 147, 155, 156, 160, 169, 172, 179, 180, 182, 185, Oaxaca — 105, 126 187, 188, 189, 191, 211, 212, 216, 233, 234, 235, Occurrence — 124 241, 242, 243, 245, 253, 265, 268, 271, 277, 280, Ocotepeque — 80, 382 282, 285, 287, 289, 292, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, Octomeria — 177, 178 300, 301, 303, 304, 306, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, Octomeria estrellensis — 395 320, 323, 325, 326, 332, 334, 335, 336, 338, 349, Ocurrencia — 124 350, 356, 357, 358, 359, 381, 394, 396, 397, 399, Odontoglossum — 284, 288, 294, 299, 306, 327, 546, 402, 410, 412, 421, 422, 429, 433, 438, 440, 444, 597 445, 457, 462, 464, 469, 470, 476, 478, 485, 488, Odor — 244 493, 497, 500, 504, 505, 506, 508, 519, 526, 527, Oerstedella — 564 528, 530, 534, 535, 536, 538, 541, 549, 551, 552, Oerstedella endresii — 359 553, 558, 561, 564, 566, 567, 569, 573, 576, 588, Oerstedella exasperata —359 592, 597, 600, 606 Oerstedella ×monteverdensis — 359 Orchidaceae taxonomy — 265 Olea sp. — 9 Orchidaeae — 79, Olfactory mimicry — 346 Orchidinae — 174 Oliveriana — 298 Orchidoide mycorrhiza — 502 Oncidiinae —62, 246, 266, 281, 282, 284, 287, 288, Orchidoideae — 189, 238, 354, 464 289, 291, 293, 294, 298, 305, 306, 315, 323, 325, Orchidology — 414 327, 334, 342, 353, 546, 552, 553, 573, 597 Orchid(s) — 18, 139, 158, 162, 209, 286, 382, 418, Oncidium — 288, 400 420, 425, 426, 427, 428, 435, 533, 539, 558 Oncidium ornithorhynchum — 73 Orchids checklist — 349 Oncidium poikilostalix — 465 Orchis — 210 Oncidium pyramidale — 73 Orientación cardinal — 110 Oncidium zelenkoanum — 402 Orinoquía — 321 Orchid(s) — 19, 27, 28, 35, 124, 126, 143, 167, 272, Ornithidium — 299 286, 364, 368, 409, 496, 501, 579, 584 Ornithocephalus — 266 Orchid biogeography — 193 Ornithorhynchum — 400 Orchid collection — 570 Orquídea amenazada — 290 Orchid conservation — 223, 395, 417, 550 Orquídea(s) — 8, 60, 73, 80, 87, 105, 116, 124, 126, Orchid description — 168 409, 426, 436, 473, 539 Orchid diseases — 471 Orquídeas andinas — 134 Orchid distribution — 398 Orquídeas del Ecuador — 283 Orchid diversity — 4 Orquídeas epífitas — 503 Orchid exhibition greenhouse — 155 Orquídeas litófitas — 503

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Orquídeas terrestres — 85, 93 Phoenix dactylifera — 442 Orquideoflora — 98 Phorophyte specificity — 531 Osa Peninsula — 280 Phorophyte trunk diameter — 531 Osmophores — 510 Photograph — 534 Phragmipedieae — 301 P Phragmipediinae — 301 PAE — 496 Phragmipedium — 42, 85, 93, 185, 263, 301, 463, 534 Paletará — 92 Phragmipedium andreettae — 300 Palm branch — 442 Phragmipedium boisserianum — 263 Palm tree — 442 Phragmipedium fischeri — 300 Palma — 442 Phragmipedium kovachii — 185, 263 Palmera — 442 Phragmipedium schlimii — 300 Palmorchis — 191, 280 Phyllanthus fluitans — 362 Palmorchis nitida — 280 Phylogenetics — 179, 232, 399, 469, 574 PANACAM — 497 Physiology — 571 Panamá — 90, 141, 142, 280, 402, 433, 529, 537, 538, Phytochemistry — 102 554 Pichincha — 509, 597 Panay Island — 81 Pinus radiata — 274 Pantropical species — 358 Piperaceae — 52 Papalosmum — 400 Piperia — 70 Paper money — 9 Piperia yadonii — 274 Paphinia vermiculifera — 535 Piso — 468 Paphiopedilum — 463, 534 Plagas — 60, 471 Paphiopedilum vietnamense — 499 Plant domestication — 102 Papua New Guinea — 525 Plant morphology — 489 Parque Nacional — 98 Plant population — 82 Parque Nacional Barra Honda — 438 Plant regeneration — 41 Parques Nacionales — 382 Plant taxonomy — 170, 357 Pasco — 284, 572 Plantas agregadas — 434 Passiflora — 201 Plantas introducidas — 15 Pathway — 27 Plantas medicinales — 12 Patógenos — 60 Plantas solitarias — 434 Pelatantheria woonchengii — 444 Plastid genome — 162 Pelexia — 358 Plastid microsatellites — 10, 210 Pentalinon — 150 Platanthera — 70, 156, 345 Peperomia hernandiifolia — 52 Platystele — 172, 215, 519 Peru —2, 20, 22, 53, 96, 191, 236, 284, 291, 294, 296, Platystele carl-lueriana — 581 307, 316, 326, 335, 353, 362, 464, 546, 518, 552, Platystele catiensis — 314 553, 572 Platystele cedriensis — 576 Peruvian Amazon — 362 Platystele decouxii — 576 Petal lobe — 169 Platystele jane-lueriana — 581 Phalaenopsis honghenensis — 447 Platystele pamelae — 456 Phalaenopsis subgen. Aphyllae — 447 Platystele sylvestrei —314 Phalaenopsis taenialis — 447 Platystele tica – 314 Phenology — 358 PLB’s —473 Philippines — 192, 357, 566 Pleodendron — 457 Phloeophila — 177 Pleurothallidinae — 55, 56, 58, 91, 107, 172, 178, 236,

277, 296, 307, 310, 319, 326, 332, 436, 456, 466, Premontane forests — 61 508, 519, 549, 551, 556, 560, 572, 575, 577, 578 Prioritisation — 117 Pleurothallis — 55, 56, 177, 178, 330, 331, 556 Propagación in vitro— 585 Pleurothallis bovilingua — 458 Propagation — 59 Pleurothallis cardiothallis group — 577 Prosthechea baculus — 63 Pleurothallis cerea — 6 Prosthechea chacaoensis — 63 Pleurothallis dewildei — 458 Prosthechea cochleata — 63 Pleurothallis indecora — 171 Prosthechea micropus — 138 Pleurothallis jimii — 171 Prosthechea prismatocarpa complex — 476 Pleurothallis juvenilis — 171 Prosthechea punctifera — 138 Pleurothallis lueriana — 171 Prosthechea radiata — 63 Pleurothallis phyllocardia group — 578 Prosthechea tardiflora — 476 Pleurothallis queremalensis — 171 Prosthechea tripunctata — 138 Pleurothallis quitu-cara — 329 Protandria — 108 Poblaciones silvestres — 93 Protandry — 108 Pogonieae — 481 Protected areas — 82 Polinización — 85, 108, 201 Protocorm — 220 Pollardia tripunctata — 138 Protocorm development — 467 Pollen — 460 Protocorm like bodies — 474 Pollination — 25, 28, 42, 55, 56, 101, 108, 111, 188, Protocormo(s) — 8, 87 201, 243, 253, 278, 330, 331, 345, 441 Proyecto Aldea Global — 497 Pollination biology — 406, 445, 481 Psathryrellaceae — 503 Pollination ecology — 154 Pseudencyclia tripunctata — 138 Pollinator adaptation — 560 Pseudobulb — 596 Pollinator behavior — 244 Pseudocentrum — 309 Pollinators — 346, 403 Pseudocopulation — 56 Polybotrya — 363 Pseudo-glenion — 574 Polycycnis — 536 Pterichis — 314 Polylepis — 134 Pterichis multiflora — 268 Polyploidy — 517 Pteridophyta — 64, 351, 361, 371, 372, 374, 380, 383, Polypodiaceae — 64, 141 384 Ponthieva — 304, 464 Public education — 399 Popocatépetl — 98 Puerto Rico — 484 Population genetics — 25 Pui Pui Protection Forest — 319 Porroglossum — 332 Puracé National Natural Park — 92 Porroglossum hirtzii — 328 Pyramidale —400 Porroglossum hoijerii — 466 Porroglossum marcojimeneziorum — 328 Q Porroglossum merinoi —332 Quassia amara — 102 Porroglossum miguelangelii — 332 Quepos — 5 Porroglossum porphyreum — 332 Quercus — 36 Porroglossum section Porroglossum — 466 Potting media — 543 R Powell — 538 Raphides — 596 Practical Outcomes — 262 Rarity — 403 Prasophyllum — 467 Recovery — 27, 35 Predator-prey — 568 Recovery plan — 157

Red-lists — 399 Scanning electron microscopy — 515 Región neotropical — 15, 371 Scaphosepalum — 160,215, 508 Reintroduction — 157, 176, 407 Scaphosepalum anchoriferum — 507 Re-introduction — 489 Scaphosepalum beluosum — 510 Reposo de semillas — 486 Scaphosepalum clavellatum — 508 Reproduction — 199, 481 Scaphosepalum fimbriatum — 509, 510 Reproductive success — 394, 461 Scaphosepalum manningii — 508 Reproductive system — 253 Scaphosepalum zieglerae — 510 Rescue — 223 Schlechter — 538, 558 Research — 417 Schlegeliaceae — 521 Reserva Biológica Alberto Brenes (RBAMB) — 239 Schwartzia — 554 Reserva Dracula — 340, 507 Science — 606 Reserva Mashpi — 283 Searching — 59 Reservoir — 27 sect. Platyclinis — 164 Resiliency — 478 section Pygmaeae — 91 Restoration — 428 Seed — 143, 364 Restrepia — 177 Seed banks — 122, 143 Retrospective spatial analysis of pollination — 71 Seed dispersal — 531 Rhamnaceae —512 Seed dormancy and germination — 486 Rhetinantha —180 Seed storage — 407 Rhizanthella speciosa — 354 Seed stores — 418 Rhizoctonia — 569 Selenipedium — 333, 463 Rhizome(s) — 258, 596 Self-incompatibility — 253 Rhynchostele — 364 Self-mimetism — 461 Richness — 496 SEM — 55, 56, 272, 556 Río Magdalena — 337 Senile populations — 568 Rio Teles Pires — 246, 254, 322 Septobasidium — 589 Root — 595, 501 Sequencing — 517 Roraima — 506 Serapias parviflora — 129 Round Up — 116 Serendipitaceae — 247 rps16-trnK — 515 Sertum Orchidaceum — 454 Rubiaceae —204 Sexual dimorphism — 445 Rutaceae —370 Sexual expression — 167 Ruyschia —554 Shendurney wildlife sanctuary — 197 Sierra Nevada — 289 S Simaroubaceae — 102 Sales basales — 585 Single Nucleotid Polymorphisms (SNPs) — 262 Salvamontes — 550 Site amelioration — 524 Sampling effort — 212 Slipper orchid — 93, 333 San José del Salado — 171 Smilacaceae — 149 Sanidad vegetal — 471 Smilax — 149 Santa Bárbara — 382 Smoke water — 118 Santa Elena Peninsula — 40 Sobralia — 278, 469, 528 Santa Marta — 289 Sobralia fragilis — 529 Sarasota —163 Sobralia geminata — 529 Sarcinula — 215 Sobralia quinata — 527 Sarcoglottis — 367 Sobralia Sect. Globosae — 527

Sobralia sotoana — 529 Stelis hydra — 365 Sobralia warszewiczii — 528 Stelis platystylis — 365 Sobraliae — 278, 529 Stelis sotoarenasii — 105 Sobralieae — 124, 469, 518 Stellilabium — 266, 341, 356 Sobraliinae — 123 Stellilabium erratum — 541 Sociedad Alemana de Orquideología — 54 Stellilabium sect. Taeniorhachis — 336, 541 Soil compaction — 121 Stellilabium smaragdinum — 336 Solenidium — 334 Stem —595 Solenocentrum lueri — 309 Stenoselaginella — 195 Sotoa — 530 Stenotyla — 182 Sotoanum — 400 Sterculiaceae — 360 South America — 238, 504 Stigmatorthos — 61 South Australia — 25 Storage — 143 Southern Cone — 238 Structure — 590 Southeastern Ecuador — 61 Subduction — 193 Spatial patterns — 531 Subspecies — 57 Spathoglottis — 285 Subtropical wet forest — 497 Speciation — 193 Sucre — 241 Species-area relationship — 88 Sudamérica — 238 Species at risk — 498 Surinam — 429 Species checklist — 241 Swartzia — 377 Species diagnosis — 262 Swartzia maquenqueana — 377 Species discovery — 117 Symbiotic fungi — 129 Species distribution — 583 Symbiotic germination — 118, 131, 156, 406 Species diversity — 212 Symbiotic propagation — 176, 543 Species-energy relationship — 533 Sympatric species — 509, 576 Specklinia — 177, 232 Symplocaceae — 544, 545 Spiranthes — 517 Symplocos striata — 545 Spiranthes spiralis — 129 Symplocos retusa — 544 Spiranthinae — 233, 358, 530 Symplocos tribracteolata — 544 Spontaneous hybridization — 202 Synonyms — 311 Stage spectrum — 82 Systematic — 583, 232 Stanhopea — 22, 335, 539 Systematics — 177, 428 Stanhopea cirrhata — 271 Stanhopea confusa — 537 T Stanhopea costaricensis — 271 Talpinaria — 55 Stanhopea gibbosa — 537 Taxonomía — 149, 61, 203 Stanhopea inodora — 537 Taxonomic validation — 546 Stanhopea manriquei — 335 Taxonomy — 164, 174, 203, 215, 234, 249, 281, 284, Stanhopea naurayi — 22 286, 289, 294, 301, 307, 317, 324, 339, 341, 396, Stanhopea ruckeri — 537 420, 458, 544, 549, 551, 552, 553, 572, 573, 581, Stanhopeinae — 535, 536, 537, 538 583, 597, 604 Stegmata — 595 Tayacaja — 436 Stelis — 147, 178, 232, 365 Teagueia — 172 Stelis aenigma — 365 Teagueia barbeliana — 579 Stelis dies-natalis — 365 Teagueia puroana — 579 Stelis gigantissima — 339 Tectaria — 142, 380

Tectaria dressleri — 142 Type specimens — 200, 558 Tectariaceae — 142, 380 Types — 20 Tectonic plates — 193 Typification(s) — 311, 347, 412, 480 Teles Pires River — 254, 322 U Telipogon — 266, 356 Telipogon amoanus — 341 Undergraduate students — 417 Tephritidae — 577 Unit of Environmental Management (UMA) — 71 Terpsichore — 384 Universidad de Costa Rica — 200 Terrestrial — 258 Urban reserves — 111 Terrestrial orchid(s) — 42, 95, 101, 111, 127, 176, 502 Use value — 479 Tetrazolium chloride — 42 Utricularia — 587 Thailand orchid flora — 343 Utricularia uxoris — 587 Theobroma — 36 Uttarakhand —19 Threatened orchids — 24 V Threatened species — 127 Threats — 498, 606 Validation — 1 Tillandsia guatemalensis — 557 Valles interandinos — 96 Tillandsioideae — 557 Vanda — 192 Tipos de plantas vasculares — 559 Vanda tricolor — 590 Tlilxochitl — 591 Vandeae — 338, 343 Tocantins River — 506 Vanilla — 272, 292, 337, 468, 493, 591, 592 Traditional use — 479 Vanilla calyculata — 493 Traits — 272 Vanilla columbiana — 480 Trampling —500 Vanilla crop wild relatives — 224 Translocation — 59 Vanilla Endophyte Collection — 224 Tree ferns — 383 Vanilla espondae — 305 Trichocentrum — 315 Vanilla hartii — 480, 493 Trichocentrum undulatum — 67 Vanilla helleri — 493 Trichomanes — 374 Vanilla inodora — 480, 493 Trichopilia marginata — 567 Vanilla insignis — 493 Trichopilia × ramonensis — 567 Vanilla karen-christianae — 480 Trichopilia suavis — 567 Vanilla marowynensis — 480 Trichosalpinx — 307 Vanilla mexicana — 480 Trilobed petals — 324 Vanilla odorata — 480, 493 Triphora surinamensis — 381 Vanilla phaeantha — 480, 493 trnh-psbA — 162 Vanilla planifolia — 480, 493 trnL-F — 515 Vanilla pompona — 480, 493 Tropical botany — 164, 170, 357 Vanilla rivasii — 592 Tropical forest — 212 Vanilla trigonocarpa — 493 Tropical orchids — 42 Vanilleae — 481 Tropical research — 606 Vargasiella —179 Tropical wet forest — 5 Vascular plant types — 559 Tulasnella — 269 Vegetación — 15 Tulasnella irregularis — 571 Vegetation — 15, 34 Tulasnellaceae — 247 Vegetation condition — 111 Twig-epiphytism — 235 Velamen — 595, 596 Type collection — 353 Venezuela — 241, 268, 315, 367, 440, 573

Veracruz — 105 X Verbenaceae — 593 Vietnam — 187, 302, 303, 444, 499 Xerophyte — 596 Volatile compounds — 441 Volcanic activity — 193 Y Volunteer — 59 Yanachaga — 464 ycf1 — 179 W Youngsayei — 74 Warmingia zamorana — 312 Yungas montane forest — 140, 427 Wasps — 460 Web revision — 422 Z West Indies — 457 Zamora Chinchipe — 328, 395 Western Andes — 107 Zonas altoandinas — 96 Western Cordillera — 324 Zosterophyllanthos — 556 Western Ghats — 197, 584 Zygopetalinae — 1, 182 Western Himalaya — 19 Zygothrica — 244 Wet puna forest — 319 William Selby — 163 Women — 479