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The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br
The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 216 (1813) Type: Brassavola [B.] cucullata [bra-SAH-vo-la kyoo-kyoo-LAH-ta] There are 28 species (OrchidWiz [update Dec 2017]) that are epiphytes and sometimes lithophytes at elevations of from sea level to 3300 ft (1000 m) from Mexico, southern Caribbean islands to northern Argentina in moist or wet montane forests, mangroves, rocky crevices and cliff faces. They are most fragrant at night and many with a citrus smell. The genus is characterized by very small pencil-like pseudobulbs, often forming large clumps; a single, fleshy, apical, sub-terete leaf and the inflorescence produced form the apex of the pseudobulb. The inflorescence carries from a single to a few large flowers. The floral characteristics are elongate narrow similar sepals and petals, the base of the lip usually tightly rolled around at least a portion of the column which carries 12, sometimes eight unequal pollina with prominent opaque caudicles. The flowers usually occur, as a rule, in spring, summer and fall. The flowers are generally yellow to greenish white with a mostly white lip. It is not unusual for dark spots, usually purple, to be in the region where the sepals, petals, and lip join the stem (claw). This spotting is a dominant generic trait in Brassavola nodose. They are easily cultivated under intermediate conditions. Although this is a relatively small genus (28 species), the species show an unusually close relationship with one another in their floral patterns, coloration, and column structure making identification difficult, key to know where the plants were collected. -
Epicladium Small Or Guarianthe Dressler & We Higgins (Orchidaceae)?
LANKESTERIANA 5(1): 63-67. 2005. EPICLADIUM SMALL OR GUARIANTHE DRESSLER & W.E. HIGGINS (ORCHIDACEAE)? JOHN BECKNER Curator Orchid Identification Center, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Ave., Sarasota, Florida 32667, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins as a genus has found little favor with orchid growers. If these species are a distinct genus from Cattleya Lindl., under any name, the effects will be substantial. All taxa of this alliance are of considerable horticultural importance, as species and in the ancestry of thousands of garden hybrids. In any case, Guarianthe cannot be replaced by Epicladium Small, which was based on Epidendrum boothianum. RESUMEN. El nombre genérico Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins ha sido poco aceptado por los horticultores. Si se trata de un género diferente a Cattleya Lindl., este hecho es significativo. Todas las especies de Guarianthe tienen gran importancia hortícola y han dado origen a miles de híbridos artificiales. En todo caso, Guarianthe no puede ser reemplazado por Epicladium Small, el cual se basa en Epidendrum boothianum. Ambos nombres genéricos no son equivalentes. KEY WORDS / PALABRAS CLAVE: Cattleya, Epicladium, Guarianthe, botanical nomenclature. Julian Shaw, Royal Horticulture Society Senior names, merely numbers, letters, and brief diagnosis. Registrar for Orchid Hybrids, has announced (Shaw They are groups of species that are rather arbitrary, 2004) that: “Guarianthe Predated by Epicladium. and there are no types singled out, so they need not Epicladium (Lindl.) Small is the name with date influence later nomenclature. Of the species Lindley priority for the generic concept recently described gives under Epidendrum, only E. -
Prosthechea Green Hornet
ORCHIDS WE SHOULD ALL GROW by Roy Kreugor PROSTHECHEA GREEN HORNET This particular little gem is a primary hybrid of two well known and loved “cockle shell” orchids, cochlea and lanceifolia. The family tree is a little more complicated with name changes in mid stream. First members of the Epidendrum family, this group was moved to the Encyclia heading when epis and encyclias were split. Later, the separate genus Prosthechea was created for the “cockle shell” type orchids. Today, there are about 100 species in this group, found mostly form Florida to Brazil. The plants are sympodial and mostly epiphytes. The distinction all carry is the shell shaped lip, often striped like a cockle shell, and always found at the top of the flower. Green Hornet is a primary hybrid (first generation cross of two species) of Psh cochlea X Psh lancefolia. It is an easy plant to grow in cultivation, easier than either parent. It takes its shape and size from cochlea, and its color, green form lancefolia. Plants can grow to 24” when mature with a typical size of 12-18”. Flowering season is spring to fall, although some will flower almost continuously. Flowers are borne on slender inflorescences up to 18”tall with 4-12 individual flowers opening almost simultaneously. Flowers are typically 3-4”long with narrow pedals and sepals and a shell shaped striped lip. The lip is a dark maroon on the outer side with a cream inner side striped with fine maroon markings. Pedals and sepals are a light green. Each bloom lasts from several weeks to a month. -
Epidendrum Aromoense (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae), a New Species from the Coastal Dry Forests in Western Ecuador
EPIDENDRUM AROMOENSE (ORCHIDACEAE, LAELIINAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE coastal dry FORESTS IN WESTERN ECUADOR XAVIER CORNEJO1,2 AND ERIC HÁGSATER3 Abstract. Epidendrum aromoense, a new epiphytic orchid found in very dry and seasonally foggy coastal forests, Manabi province, western Ecuador, is here described and illustrated. It is similar to Epidendrum tulcanense. It is characterized by the caespitose habit, simple stems, leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, bilobed and an elongate peduncle of the erect pluriracemose inflorescence, the flowers are red, the sepals about 9 mm long, the petals oblanceolate, the lip is square in outline, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes dolabriform, the terminal lobe ending in a pair of divaricate, narrow, triangular acute, bifurcate teeth, the callus is orange, 5-tuberculate, ending in an acute, V-shape, keeled apex. This is the only red-floweredEpidendrum known from the lowlands of Ecuador. A conservation status of endangered, EN B1ab(iii), is provided for this species of great ornamental potential. Resumen. Describimos e ilustramos Epidendrum aromoense, una nueva especie de orquídea epífita que habita en los bosques muy secos costeros y estacionalmente brumosos de la Provincia de Manabí, en el occidente de Ecuador. Es similar a Epidendrum tulcanense. Se caracteriza por poseer un hábito cespitoso, tallos simples, hojas oblongo-lanceoladas, coriáceas, bilobadas, y una inflorescencia erecta con un pedúnculo alargado que porta una inflorescencia pluriracemosa, las flores son rojas, los sépalos miden alrededor de 9 mm, los pétalos son oblanceolados, el labio posee un contorno cuadrado, es profundamente 3-lobulado, los lóbulos laterales son dolabriformes, el lóbulo terminal remata en un par de dientes divaricados, triangulares, agudos y bifurcados, el callo es naranja, posee 5 tubérculos y remata en un ápice agudo, en forma de V, quillado. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Rhizoctonia Fungi Within the Cantharellales
fungal biology 120 (2016) 603e619 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the Cantharellales Dolores GONZALEZa,*, Marianela RODRIGUEZ-CARRESb, Teun BOEKHOUTc, Joost STALPERSc, Eiko E. KURAMAEd, Andreia K. NAKATANIe, Rytas VILGALYSf, Marc A. CUBETAb aInstituto de Ecologıa, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistematica, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico bDepartment of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Campus Box 7251, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA cCBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands dDepartment of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands eUNESP, Faculdade de Ci^encias Agronomicas,^ CP 237, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil fDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizoctonia fungi within the order Cantharellales were studied Received 2 January 2015 using sequence data from portions of the ribosomal DNA cluster regions ITS-LSU, rpb2, tef1, Received in revised form and atp6 for 50 taxa, and public sequence data from the rpb2 locus for 165 taxa. Data sets 1 January 2016 were analysed individually and combined using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likeli- Accepted 19 January 2016 hood, and Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference methods. All analyses supported the mono- Available online 29 January 2016 phyly of the family Ceratobasidiaceae, which comprises the genera Ceratobasidium and Corresponding Editor: Thanatephorus. Multi-locus analysis revealed 10 well-supported monophyletic groups that Joseph W. Spatafora were consistent with previous separation into anastomosis groups based on hyphal fusion criteria. -
Epidendrum Secundum (Orchidaceae)
Plant Biology ISSN 1435-8603 RESEARCH PAPER Reproductive biology and pollination mechanisms of Epidendrum secundum (Orchidaceae). Floral variation: a consequence of natural hybridization? E. R. Pansarin & M. C. E. Amaral Departamento de Botaˆ nica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil Keywords ABSTRACT Epidendroideae; Epidendrum; Laeliinae; Orchidaceae; pollination; reproductive biology. The phenology, flower morphology, pollination mechanism and reproductive biology of Epidendrum secundum were studied in a semi-deciduous forest at Correspondence the Serra do Japi (SJ), and in the Atlantic rain forest of Picinguaba, both E. R. Pansarin, Departamento de Biologia natural reserves in the State of Sa˜o Paulo, southeastern Brazil. E. secundum Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista, flowers all year round, with a flowering peak between September and FCAV, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. January. This species is either a lithophytic or terrestrial herb in the SJ, E-mail: [email protected] whereas, in Picinguaba, it grows mainly in disturbed areas along roadsides. E. secundum is pollinated by several species of diurnal Lepidoptera at both Editor study sites. In Picinguaba, where E. secundum is sympatric with E. fulgens M. Ayasse and both share the same pollinators, pollen transference between these two species was recorded. E. secundum is self-compatible but pollinator-depen- Received: 25 March 2007; Accepted: 22 May dent. It is inter-compatible with E. fulgens, producing fertile seeds. In con- 2007 trast to the population of the SJ, in the Picinguaba region, floral morphology is quite variable among plants and some individuals present doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2007.00025.x flowers with characteristics in-between both sympatric species, suggesting that natural hybridization occasionally occurs. -
00004-2005 ( .Pdf )
ESTE NÚMERO DE LANKESTERIANA FUE PUBLICADO GRACIAS AL GENTIL PATROCINIO DE LA FUNDACIÓN CHARLES H. LANKESTER ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 5, No. 1 ABRIL 2005 Memoria de uno de los grandes de la orquideología mundial: Karlheinz Senghas (1928-2004) CARLOS O. MORALES 1 Análisis de la literatura sobre plantas medicinales en Costa Rica (1930-2001) MILDRED GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ & CARLOS O. MORALES 3 El complejo de Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée (Polypodiaceae) en Costa Rica ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 41 Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico ALEXÁNDER FCO. ROJAS ALVARADO 49 Bryophytes of the Santa Elena Peninsula and Islas Murciélago, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, with special attention to neotropical dry forest habitats GREGORIO DAUPHIN L. & MICHAEL H. GRAYUM 53 Epicladium Small or Guarianthe Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)? JOHN BECKNER 63 Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Peperomia hernandiifolia (Piperaceae) from Costa Rica JOSÉ F. CICCIÓ 69 Transfers to Epidendrum L. from Oerstedella Rchb. f. ERIC HÁGSATER & MIGUEL A. SOTO ARENAS 73 Continúa LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA LANKESTERIANA Another new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Peru RUDOLF JENNY 77 Una nueva especie y un nuevo registro de Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) en Costa Rica RICARDO KRIEBEL 81 Sobre un opus magnum de la orquideología neotropical: HÁGSATER, E. & SÁNCHEZ SALDAÑA, L. (EDS.). 2004. ICONES ORCHIDACEARUM, FASC. 7, THE GENUS EPIDENDRUM, PART 4, “A FOURTH CENTURY OF NEW SPECIES IN EPIDENDRUM” CARLOS O. MORALES 85 LANKESTERIANA LA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO LANKESTER UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA Copyright © 2005 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Fecha efectiva de publicación / Effective publication date: 30 de abril del 2005 Diagramación: Jardín Botánico Lankester Imprenta: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. -
Encyclia Fimbriata (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a New Large-Flowered Species from Bahia, Brazil
Phytotaxa 40: 26–40 (2012) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Encyclia fimbriata (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a new large-flowered species from Bahia, Brazil CLÁUDIA A. BASTOS1, CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG1 & THIAGO E.C. MENEGUZZO2 1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica. Av. Transnordestina, s.n., 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil; email: [email protected] 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract A new orchid species from Brazil, Encyclia fimbriata, is described and illustrated. It is known only from montane rain forest in southern Bahia. Flower morphology, especially the fringed midlobe of the labellum, crested callus and teeth of the clinandrium, distinguish it from any other species of the genus. Key words: Epiphytes, flora of Bahia, Neotropics Resumo Uma nova espécie de orquídea do Brasil, Encyclia fimbriata, é descrita e ilustrada. Esta é somente conhecida de floresta montana do sul da Bahia. A morfologia da flor, especialmente o lobo medial do labelo fimbriado, o calo sinuoso e os dentes do clinândrio, a diferenciam de todas as demais espécies do gênero. Palavras-chave: Epífitas, flora da Bahia, Neotrópico Introduction Encyclia is the second largest genus in the Neotropical subtribe Laeliinae, being surpassed only by Epidendrum (Dressler 1993, Pridgeon et al. 2003, Chase et al. 2004). Many Encyclia species have ornamental value due to their large and showy flowers. There are about 120 species occuring from Florida, Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and northern Argentina (Withner 1998, 2000, van den Berg & Carnevali F.-C. -
Systematics and Evolution of the Genus Pleurothallis R. Br
Systematics and evolution of the genus Pleurothallis R. Br. (Orchidaceae) in the Greater Antilles DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Diplom-Biologe Hagen Stenzel geb. 05.10.1967 in Berlin Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. J. Mlynek Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Prof. Dr. M. Linscheid Gutachter/in: 1. Prof. Dr. E. Köhler 2. HD Dr. H. Dietrich 3. Prof. Dr. J. Ackerman Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.02.2004 Pleurothallis obliquipetala Acuña & Schweinf. Für Jakob und Julius, die nichts unversucht ließen, um das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit zu verhindern. Zusammenfassung Die antillanische Flora ist eine der artenreichsten der Erde. Trotz jahrhundertelanger floristischer Forschung zeigen jüngere Studien, daß der Archipel noch immer weiße Flecken beherbergt. Das trifft besonders auf die Familie der Orchideen zu, deren letzte Bearbeitung für Cuba z.B. mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert zurückliegt. Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf der lang ausstehenden Revision der Orchideengattung Pleurothallis R. Br. für die Flora de Cuba. Mittels weiterer morphologischer, palynologischer, molekulargenetischer, phytogeographischer und ökologischer Untersuchungen auch eines Florenteils der anderen Großen Antillen wird die Genese der antillanischen Pleurothallis-Flora rekonstruiert. Der Archipel umfaßt mehr als 70 Arten dieser Gattung, wobei die Zahlen auf den einzelnen Inseln sehr verschieden sind: Cuba besitzt 39, Jamaica 23, Hispaniola 40 und Puerto Rico 11 Spezies. Das Zentrum der Diversität liegt im montanen Dreieck Ost-Cuba – Jamaica – Hispaniola, einer Region, die 95 % der antillanischen Arten beherbergt, wovon 75% endemisch auf einer der Inseln sind. -
Encyclia Xcordistes Sauleda) from Colombia Is Described
ISSN 2325-4785 New World Orchidaceae – Nomenclatural Notes Nomenclatural Note – Issue No. 60 November 24, 2019 A Second New Natural Hybrid of Encyclia Hook. (Encyclia xcordistes Sauleda) From Colombia is Described. Ruben P. Sauleda 6442 S. W. 107 Ct., Miami, Fl. 33173 ABSTRACT A second natural hybrid of Encyclia Hook. has been discovered in Colombia and is here described. The genus Encyclia Hook. is represented in Mexico by approximately 46 species, in Brazil by approximately 44 species (WCSP, 2018) and in Cuba at present 41 species are known, all with a high number of endemics. In Colombia only 14 species of Encyclia have been recognized and one cleistogamous variety (Encyclia chloroleuca variety yotocoensis Sauleda and J. C. Uribe). Natural hybrids are common in the Orchidaceae especially in the genus Encyclia (Sauleda and Adams, 1984; 1990; Sauleda, 2016). However, in Colombia hybrids are rare, only one natural hybrid, Encyclia xortizii Sauleda and a highly polymorphic species, Encyclia replicata (Lindl. & Paxt.) Schltr. (Sauleda, 2016a) which appears to be a result of introgression with Encyclia ceratistes (Lindl.) Schltr. (Sauleda, 2016a) have been reported. Considering the high biodiversity of Colombia this low number of Encyclia species is unusual. In Colombia other genera like Epidendrum L. (503 species), Stelis Sw. (406 species), Pleurothallis R. Br. (205 species), Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (268 species) have species numbers in the hundreds. One would wonder why Colombia has only 14 species of Encyclia. A second natural hybrid of Encyclia with E. ceratistes has been discovered and is here described. Encyclia xcordistes Sauleda, hyb. nov. Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler X Encyclia ceratistes (Lindl.) Schltr. -
Recent Developments in the Study of Orchid Mycorrhiza
Plant and Soil 244: 149–163, 2002. 149 © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza Hanne N. Rasmussen Danish Forest & Landscape Research Institute, 11 Hoersholm Kongevej, DK 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark∗ Received 21 August 2001. Accepted in revised form 12 December 2001 Key words: basidiomycetes, mycoheterotrophy, Orchidaceae, plant-fungal relationships, specificity, symbiosis Abstract Orchids are mycoheterotrophic during their seedling stage and in many species the dependency on fungi as a carbohydrate source is prolonged into adulthood. The mycobionts in orchid mycorrhiza belong in at least 5 major taxonomic groups of basidiomycetes. Traditional records have mainly focused on saprotrophic mycobionts but the participation of both ectomycorrhizal and parasitic fungi in orchid mycorrhiza has been corroborated. There is an increasing evidence of specific relationships between orchids and fungi, though usually not on a species-to-species level. Physiological compatibility demonstrated under artificial conditions, as in vitro, may be much broader, however. Recent development of field sowing techniques has improved the possibilities of evaluating orchid- fungal relations in an ecological context. Although the general nutrient flow in orchid mycorrhiza is well known, some questions remain regarding breakdown processes of fungi within orchid tissues, especially the ptyophagic syndrome that has recently been illustrated at the ultrastructural level for the first time. Energy sources for orchid mycorrhiza in the field sociate with species of Cymbidium and Gastrodia (Fan et al., 1996; Lan et al., 1996), are acknowledged sapro- Fungi associated with orchid mycorrhiza (OM) have trophs. Lentinus edodes Berk., the shiitake mushroom, traditionally been mostly regarded as saprotrophs, that is a white-rot saprotroph, can support the devel- dead organic material thus being the energy source opment of a chlorophyll-deficient orchid, Erythrorchis for the symbiosis. -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ......................................................................