chapter 18 Jesuit Ecumenism in Three Acts: Lessons from the Life of Robert McAfee Brown
Paul G. Crowley*
Jesuit involvement in ecumenical work has not been the most widely noted feature of the work of the Society, either before or since the time of the restora- tion. There was a handful of Jesuits who worked in very careful ways alongside Protestants and Orthodox Christians through the two hundred years since the restoration, but rarely with an explicit view toward furthering the dream of Christ “that all may be one” (John 17:21).1 One mid-twentieth-century Jesuit did pursue such a dream: Gustave Weigel (1906–64), of the New York province and a member of the faculty at Wood- stock College. Weigel was the trailblazer who, because of his existential cour- age and theological imagination, made possible for future Jesuits the work that has been done since in both the ecumenical and interreligious fields. A major part of his story involves his collaboration with a relatively young Protestant
* I am grateful to the following colleagues for their help in talking through with me some of the issues raised in this chapter: Philip Riley, Thao Nguyen, s.j., and Rev. Dr. Diana Gibson, who was a protégé and friend of Robert McAfee Brown. 1 Among these were Jesuit Frs. Gerard W. Hughes (1924–2014) of the British province; John Courtney Murray (1904–67), editor of Theological Studies; Max Pribilla (1874–1954) of Ger- many; Joseph Masson (1908–98) of Belgium; and Daniel O’Hanlon (1919–92) of Alma Col- lege and later, the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley. There were several others working with these pioneers, including the esteemed Augustin Cardinal Bea (1881–1968), first head of the old Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, and a major force for openness at the Second Vatican Council. Not to be forgotten was the pioneering work of Yves Congar, o.p. (1904–95), Georges Tavard, o.s.a. (1922–2007), and Louis Bouyer (1913–2004), a convert from Lutheranism, as well as Augustin Léonard, o.p. (1917–). The results of a 1951 symposium in Huy, Belgium (Roger Aubert et al., Tolérance et communauté humaine: Chrétiens dans un monde divisé [Paris: Casterman, 1952]; Tolerance and the Catholic: A Symposium, trans. George Lamb [New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955]), were effectively suppressed when that book was withdrawn from circulation due to the then advanced views of Léonard, much to the consternation of ecumenically minded Protestants. It was remarkable for reaching beyond Protestant–Orthodox relations with Catholics to a consideration of interreligious dialogue— well before the council was to open up this possibility in Nostra aetate (October 28, 1965).
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• In 1864, one hundred years before the council, and only fifty since the resto- ration of the Society, Pius ix (r.1846–78) had published the Syllabus of Errors, which set the vectors for consideration of opinions about Protestantism for another century. Among the errors listed was the view that “Protestantism is nothing more than another form of the same true Christian religion, in which form it is given to please God equally as in the Catholic Church.”2
2 Church documents preceding the pontificate of Leo xiii are now found on the Vatican web- site. For the Syllabus of Errors (1864), see http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9syll.htm (accessed January 3, 2017).