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Dividing Or Strengthening Dividing or Strengthening: Five Ways of Christianity Supplement Sources and Development by Harry E. Winter, O.M.I. Published by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. ©2003 Harry E. Winter OMI ISBN:0-9740702-0-3 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Catholic Christianity ............................................................................... 7 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 Scripture Image and Implications ......................................................................................................................... 8 Current Situation, Evangelicals Becoming Catholic ............................................................................................11 Spectrum, Presbyterianism ...................................................................................................................................12 Spectrum, Catholicism .........................................................................................................................................14 Further Characteristics .........................................................................................................................................21 Current Situation ..................................................................................................................................................22 Spirituality ...........................................................................................................................................................26 Chapter Two, Evangelical and Charismatic Christianity ........................................... 29 Scripture Image and Implications ........................................................................................................................29 Historical Overview .............................................................................................................................................30 Charismatic Emergence .......................................................................................................................................33 Charismatics and Classical Pentecostals ..............................................................................................................34 Development within Evangelicalism....................................................................................................................36 Charismatic and Pentecostal Developments .........................................................................................................41 As the Millennium Began ....................................................................................................................................44 Chapter Three: Protestant Neo-Orthodoxy and Vatican II Catholicism: the Reformed ......................................................................................................................... 51 Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................51 Scripture Model and Implications ........................................................................................................................51 Historical Overview .............................................................................................................................................54 Apologies and Reparation ....................................................................................................................................58 A Spirituality of Tensions ....................................................................................................................................64 Reformed and the Death Penalty ..........................................................................................................................66 Reformation of Christology and Mariology .........................................................................................................67 The Reformed Position in Decline, and Rebirth? .................................................................................................69 Paradox, Tensions and Pilgrimage as the Millennium Began ..............................................................................69 Chapter Four: Fundamentalist Christianity ............................................................... 71 Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................71 A Note Regarding Fundamentalism, Conservatism and Liberalism.....................................................................72 Scripture Model and Implications ........................................................................................................................76 Historical Overview .............................................................................................................................................78 Protestant Fundamentalism, 1900-60 ...................................................................................................................80 Protestant Fundamentalism, 1960- .......................................................................................................................81 Catholic Fundamentalism, 1960- .........................................................................................................................86 Convergence of Protestant and Catholic Fundamentalism ...................................................................................89 i Chapter Five: Liberal Christianity ............................................................................... 91 Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................91 Scripture Model of the Church and Its Implications ............................................................................................92 Historical Overview .............................................................................................................................................94 American Liberal Protestantism, 1870’s - 1960’s ................................................................................................95 Americanism and Catholic Modernism, 1880’s – 1960 .......................................................................................96 Vatican II: A Liberal Council? ............................................................................................................................98 1965-2002: Highlights of Protestant and Catholic Liberalism ..........................................................................100 The 1975 Call to Action Conference ..................................................................................................................101 Renewal at Two Parishes ...................................................................................................................................104 Secularism and Its Impact ..................................................................................................................................105 Pope John Paul II’s Personalism, Death Penalty ................................................................................................110 Liberal Worship .................................................................................................................................................111 Are Liberals Closed? ..........................................................................................................................................112 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................................................112 Conclusion and Beginning ............................................................................................ 115 Appendix, Theology as Science and Theology as Doxology ...................................... 119 i Introduction NB: This booklet is meant to be read with the first volume. It does not stand alone. INTRODUCTION Cardinal Avery Dulles pioneered the use of models in 1978, with his Models of the Church. Of his six models, the first two, institutional and sacramental, correspond to "catholic" as used here. The third, mystical communion, resembles "evangelical," and the last three, herald, servant and eschatological resemble "reformed." Dulles reminds us that the Anglican Communion has tried with the greatest explicitness to maintain within itself models that on the surface at least, conflict with each other.1 Dulles' 1989 Fordham University McGlinley lecture "Catholicism and American Culture: The Uneasy Dialogue" applies to all denominations, as he sketches the four major strategies of Christians within our American culture. His description of Catholic liberalism is especially accurate. I highly recommend this article.2 Fathers Hans Kung and David Tracy have done the master work on paradigms: Paradigm Change in Theology. Their work does explore the 1 Avery Dulles, S.J., Models of the Church (Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1978), p. 16. 2 Avery Dulles, S.J.,
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