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Political Sociology POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY MA [Political Science] 901 C Third Semester [ENGLISH EDITION] Directorate of Distance Education TRIPURA UNIVERSITY Reviewer Dr Nivedita Giri Assistant Professor, Jesus & Mary College, University of Delhi Authors Swaha Das, (M.Phil), Assistant Professor, Indraprastha College for Women, New Delhi Swati Priyambada Das, (M.Phil), Masters in Sociology, Delhi School of Economics Punyasloka Priyadarshi Das, LLB, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi Units: (1.2-1.4, 2.2-2.3.3, 2.4, 4.2-4.2.1) © Authors, 2017 Dr. Namrata Prasad, Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bapu Post Graduate College, Pipiganj, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur Units: (1.5, 2.6, 3.4.1, 4.4-4.4.2) © Dr. Namrata Prasad, 2017 Dr Jaya Shrivastava, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, School for Ambedkar Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P. Units: (1.6, 2.3.4, 3.2-3.3.3) © Dr Jaya Shrivastava, 2017 Vikas Publishing House Units: (1.0-1.1, 1.7-1.11, 2.0-2.1, 2.5, 2.7-2.11, 3.0-3.1, 3.4, 3.4.2-3.4.4, 3.5-3.9, 4.0-4.1, 4.2.2-4.3, 4.4.3-4.9) © Reserved, 2017 Books are developed, printed and published on behalf of Directorate of Distance Education, Tripura University by Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material, protected by this copyright notice may not be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form of by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the DDE, Tripura University & Publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 • Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: 7361, Ravindra Mansion, Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055 • Website: www.vikaspublishing.com • Email: [email protected] SYLLABI-BOOK MAPPING TABLE Political Sociology Syllabi Mapping in Book Unit - I 1. Nature and Scope of Political Sociology Unit 1: Nature and Scope of • Evolution of Political Sociology as a Discipline Political Sociology • Approaches to the Study of Political Sociology (Pages 3-51) 2. Stratification and Power • Social Stratification and Politics; Caste and Class • Conceptualization of Power, Authority and Legitimacy Unit - II 3. Political Socialisation and Culture Unit-2: Political Socialization • Political Socialisation and Culture • Political Participation and Communication (Pages 53-101) • Cultural bases of Politics: From Modernism to Post- modernism • Media and Politics • Gender and Politics–Women Empowerment Unit - III 4. Some Basic Concepts Unit-3: Some Basic Concepts • Elitism: Definition, Rise of Elitism, Elite Theories (Pages 103-152) • Bureaucracy: Marx, Weber and Merton • Social Ethics and Politics: The Domain of Social Ethics (a) Social Discrimination (b) Poverty and Hunger (c) Values of Secularism (d) Fundamentalism Unit - IV 5. State and Society in India Unit-4: State and Society In India • State and Society under Capitalism; Citizenship and (Pages 153-182) Welfare State • State and Society under Socialism; State Control and Institutional Autonomy 6. Contemporary Trends in Political Sociology in India • Ethnic Conflicts in India • Social Inequality and Exclusion • Political Participation CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 UNIT 1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY 3-51 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Political Sociology: Nature, Scope and Importance 1.2.1 Nature 1.2.2 Scope 1.2.3 Importance 1.3 Evolution of Political Sociology as a Discipline 1.4 Approaches to the Study of Political Sociology 1.4.1 Classical Approaches to Political Sociology 1.4.2 Behavioural Approaches to Political Sociology 1.4.3 Perspectives of Contemporary Sociology 1.5 Social Stratification and Politics: Caste and Class 1.5.1 Principles of Social Stratification 1.5.2 Forms of Social Stratification 1.5.3 Theories of Caste System 1.6 Conceptualization of Power, Authority and Legitimacy 1.6.1 Authority and Legitimacy 1.6.2 Max Weber: Power, Domination, Legitimacy and Authority 1.6.3 Weber: Authority/Types of Legitimate Domination 1.6.4 Distinction between Power, Authority and Legitimacy 1.7 Summary 1.8 Key Terms 1.9 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 1.10 Questions and Exercises 1.11 Further Reading UNIT 2 POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION AND CULTURE 53-101 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Political Socialization 2.3 Political Participation and Communication 2.3.1 Political Participation Through Elections in India 2.3.2 Political Participation of Women in India 2.3.3 The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment) Act, 1992 and its Provisions 2.3.4 Political Communication 2.4 Cultural Bases of Politics: Modernism to Postmodernism 2.4.1 Elements of Political Culture—Approach to Almond, Verba et al. 2.4.2 Postmodernism 2.4.3 Postmodernism and its Effects in India 2.5 Media and Politics 2.5.1 New Election Tools in New Age India 2.6 Gender and Politics: Women Empowerment 2.6.1 Women’s Position in India: A Historical Perspective 2.6.2 Women’s Position in India: The Contemporary Scenario 2.7 Summary 2.8 Key Terms 2.9 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 2.10 Questions and Exercises 2.11 Further Reading UNIT 3 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS 103-152 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Unit Objectives 3.2 Elitism: Definition, Evolution and Theories 3.2.1 Vilfredo Pareto’s Theory of Circulation of Elite 3.2.2 C.W. Mills and Power Elite 3.2.3 Gaetano Mosca’s Theory of Power 3.2.4 R. Michels’ Power Theory 3.3 Bureaucracy: Marx, Weber and Merton 3.3.1 Marx 3.3.2 Weber 3.3.3 Merton 3.4 Social Ethics and Politics 3.4.1 Social Discrimination 3.4.2 Poverty and Hunger 3.4.3 Values of Secularism 3.4.4 Fundamentalism 3.5 Summary 3.6 Key Terms 3.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 3.8 Questions and Exercises 3.9 Further Reading UNIT 4 STATE AND SOCIETY IN INDIA 153-182 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Unit Objectives 4.2 State and Society Under Capitalism: Citizenship and Welfare State 4.2.1 Citizenship 4.2.2 Welfare State 4.3 State and Society Under Socialism: State Control and Institutional Autonomy 4.3.1 Nature of Socialist State 4.3.2 Marxist Perspective of Socialist State 4.4 Contemporary Trends in Political Sociology in India 4.4.1 Ethnic Conflicts in India 4.4.2 Social Inequality and Exclusion 4.4.3 Political Participation 4.5 Summary 4.6 Key Terms 4.7 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 4.8 Questions and Exercises 4.9 Further Reading Introduction INTRODUCTION NOTES Political sociology is a discipline that is primarily concerned with the relationship between the State and society. The discipline looks at how major social trends can affect the political process. It explores how various social forces work together to change political policies. The historical context of political theories, the role of social groups and the formation of the State constitute an integral part of the subject. There are various perspectives to the study of political sociology. The primary perspectives include functionalism, fundamentalism, social stratification, elitism and bureaucracy. This book Political Sociology introduces the students to the evolution, nature and scope of political sociology, defines political sociology as a discipline, explores political socialization, the concepts of elitism, social ethics, discrimination, politics in India, and is divided into four units. This book has been written in the self-instructional mode (SIM) wherein each unit begins with an ‘Introduction’ to the topic followed by an outline of the ‘Unit Objectives’. The detailed content is then presented in a simple and an organized manner, interspersed with ‘Check Your Progress’ questions to test the understanding of the students. A ‘Summary’ along with a list of ‘Key Terms’ and a set of ‘Questions and Exercises’ is also provided at the end of each unit for effective recapitulation. Self-Instructional Material 1 Nature and Scope of UNIT 1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF Political Sociology POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY NOTES Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Political Sociology: Nature, Scope and Importance 1.2.1 Nature 1.2.2 Scope 1.2.3 Importance 1.3 Evolution of Political Sociology as a Discipline 1.4 Approaches to the Study of Political Sociology 1.4.1 Classical Approaches to Political Sociology 1.4.2 Behavioural Approaches to Political Sociology 1.4.3 Perspectives of Contemporary Sociology 1.5 Social Stratification and Politics: Caste and Class 1.5.1 Principles of Social Stratification 1.5.2 Forms of Social Stratification 1.5.3 Theories of Caste System 1.6 Conceptualization of Power, Authority and Legitimacy 1.6.1 Authority and Legitimacy 1.6.2 Max Weber: Power, Domination, Legitimacy and Authority 1.6.3 Weber: Authority/Types of Legitimate Domination 1.6.4 Distinction between Power, Authority and Legitimacy 1.7 Summary 1.8 Key Terms 1.9 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 1.10 Questions and Exercises 1.11 Further Reading 1.0 INTRODUCTION Political sociology lies at the intersection of the disciplines of political science and sociology.
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