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Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Hans-Jürgen Perrey Emil Ludwig (1881–1948) Dichter – Kämpfer – Menschenfreund Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel HANS-JÜRGEN PERREY Emil Ludwig (1881 – 1948) Dichter – Kämpfer – Menschenfreund Aufsätze Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung durch elektronische Systeme. © 2017 by Verlag Ludwig Holtenauer Straße 141 24118 Kiel Tel.: 0431–85464 Fax: 0431–8058305 [email protected] www.verlag-ludwig.de Lektorat: Dr. Kai U. Jürgens Umschlaggestaltung: Selina Schnetger Titelfoto: Emil Ludwig und seine Frau Elga 1928 (Ullstein Bild, Berlin) Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-86935-323-4 Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel INHALT Vorwort .........................................................................7 Anmerkungen zu Emil Ludwig ........................................ 11 Spurensuche ............................................................. 11 Genie und Charakter ................................................... 21 Der Augen-Cohn ......................................................... 33 Der Künstler .............................................................. 43 Goethe ..................................................................... 60 Plutarch der Republik .................................................. 74 Erfolg.... ................................................................ 74 Bürgerkriegsstimmung .............................................. 92 Vom Emigranten zum Exilanten ..................................... 100 Kämpfer und Führer ................................................. 100 Der Fall Ludwig ...................................................... 111 The Germans ............................................................ 124 Letzte Warnung ...................................................... 124 Pacific Palisades .................................................... 127 Know Your Enemy ................................................... 136 Finis Germaniae ........................................................ 147 Aufsätze ..................................................................... 165 »... als wäre kein Stück Mephisto in ihm gewesen.« Bismarck im Leben und Werk Emil Ludwigs ..................... 165 Theodor Fontane – ein Wegbereiter Emil Ludwigs und der Historischen Belletristik? ........................................ 210 Der »Fall Emil Ludwig« – Ein Bericht über eine historiographische Kontroverse der ausgehenden Weimarer Republik .................................................... 223 Betrifft: Emil Ludwig – Anmerkungen zu einem Dornröschenschlaf im 40. Jahr ..................................... 239 Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Endnoten .................................................................... 247 Anhang ....................................................................... 277 Emil Ludwig – Ein Werkverzeichnis ................................ 277 Bücher und selbständige Schriften................................. 278 Zeitungs-, Zeitschriften- und Buchbeiträge ...................... 284 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis .................................. 300 Unveröffentlichte Quellen .......................................... 300 Sekundärliteratur .................................................... 301 Chronologie ............................................................. 316 Register .................................................................. 320 Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel VORWORT Dieses Buch ist keine Emil-Ludwig-Biographie. Die steht noch aus. Ich habe nach langjähriger, oft unterbrochener Beschäftigung mit diesem nach 1945 vergessenen Künstler und Schriftsteller nur eine gewisse Ord- nung in das bringen wollen, was ich an Büchern, Material, Erinnerungen und Gedanken sowie kleinen Kostbarkeiten angesammelt hatte. Wie ich zu alldem gekommen bin, erzähle ich im ersten Beitrag Spurensuche. Wen meine persönlichen Mitteilungen nicht interessieren, beginne die Lektüre am besten mit dem Kapitel Genie und Charakter. Oder – besser noch – mit meinem Aufsatz Der Fall Emil Ludwig aus dem Jahr 1992, der von Anbe- ginn als Einführung in die Ludwig-Thematik gedacht war.1 Ein Hinweis zu den hier versammelten Texten: Sie weisen eine gewisse Redundanz auf, die gewollt ist, denn mir lag daran, die Aufsätze zur Bis- marck- und Fontane-Problematik als Ganzes zu erhalten und nicht »auf- zulösen«, um sie in die Anmerkungen zu Emil Ludwig einfließen zu lassen. Für alle Beiträge gibt es ein zentrales Verzeichnis der Sekundärliteratur. Die Schriften Emil Ludwigs sind über das Werkverzeichnis zu erschließen. Die Endnoten sind möglichst knapp gehalten, um den Lesefluß nicht allzu sehr zu stören. Einige Schreib- und Zitierweisen wurden vereinheitlicht. Ende August 2016 war das Manuskript zu den Anmerkungen über Emil Ludwig weitgehend abgeschlossen. Zu meiner Überraschung stieß ich Anfang September im Verlauf einer Internet-Recherche auf einen soeben von Thomas F. Schneider herausgegebenen Aufsatzband über Emil Lud- wig.2 Die Forschung über den lange Zeit vernachlässigten Schriftsteller kommt also weiter voran. Allerdings hatte ich nun zu erwägen, ob und in welchem Umfang ich auf die acht Beiträge noch eingehen wollte. Ich habe mich entschieden, einige wenige Aussagen zu kommentieren, aber keine umfangreichere Auseinandersetzung mit den neuen Forschungsergebnissen zu suchen. Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 8 So viel vorweg: Begrüßenswert ist vor allem, daß die Autoren in hohem Maße neue Quellen erschließen, vor allem internationale Zeitungstexte, die jetzt für weitere Untersuchungen schnell herangezogen werden können. Freudig überrascht war ich zudem über den Umstand, daß Ludwig als Theaterdichter bzw. Dramatiker nach vielen Jahrzehnten endlich einmal zur Kenntnis genommen wird.3 Und noch eine gute Nachricht: Emil Ludwig hat es geschafft, auf der Kinoleinwand verewigt zu werden. In dem Film Vor der Morgenröte. Stefan Zweig in Amerika (Regie: Maria Schrader, Erstaufführung 2. Juni 2016) tritt er auf, verkörpert von Charly Hübner. Es ist ein kämpferischer Ludwig, der im September 1936 in Buenos Aires auf der internationalen Tagung des P.E.N.-Clubs eine vielbeachtete und mitreißende Rede über das Verhältnis von Politik und Literatur hält. Während Zweig grundsätzlich am politi- schen Engagement des Schriftstellers zweifelt, ist Emil Ludwig von der Idee durchdrungen, daß die deutschen Schriftsteller im amerikanischen Exil sich am Kampf gegen Hitler-Deutschland, zumindest mit geistigen Waffen, zu beteiligen hätten. Wer von Emil Ludwig (1881–1948) spricht, braucht mit Superlativen nicht zu geizen. In den Jahren der Weimarer Republik, insbesondere den Golden Twenties, zählt er zu den meistgelesenen Autoren Deutschlands. Seine Biographien über Goethe, Napoleon, Wilhelm II., Bismarck und Lin- coln sind nicht nur hier Bestseller, sondern machen Ludwig in Europa und den USA zum bekanntesten deutschen Schriftsteller. Ludwig ist Demokrat, Pazifist und Pan-Europäer, was ihn in den Augen der Nationalsozialisten zum bestgehaßten Publizisten der Republik werden läßt. Und last but not least – im amerikanischen Exil ist er aufgrund seiner radikalen deutsch- landpolitischen Forderungen der umstrittenste deutsche Exil-Autor. Mein Buch beleuchtet wichtige Stationen der außergewöhnlichen Lebensgeschichte dieses Dichters, Schriftstellers und Publizisten. In der Regel bieten die Viten von Dichtern und Denkern wenig Spektakuläres, spielt sich ihr Leben meist zwischen den vier Wänden ihres Studios ab. Das ist bei Emil Ludwig anders. Salopp gesprochen: Er kennt Gott und die Welt, die er unermüdlich bereist. Den Männern, die Geschichte machen und die er biographisch porträtiert, begegnet er nicht selten persönlich. So lernt er als junger Literat Walther Rathenau kennen, der ihm im Frühjahr 1914 eine Korrespondentenstelle in London verschafft. Mit Richard Deh- mel und Gerhart Hauptmann verbinden ihn langjährige Freundschaften. 1926 begrüßt er in seiner Villa am Lago Maggiore Gustav Stresemann. Als einer der wenigen Journalisten trifft er Ende 1931 mit Josef Stalin im Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 9 Kreml zusammen, um ihn zu interviewen. 1932 veröffentlicht er seine umstrittenen Gespräche mit Mussolini. US-Präsident Franklin D. Roose- velt lädt ihn ins Weiße Haus und auf seinen Landsitz Hyde Park ein. Wenn Ludwig Mitte der 1920er Jahre privat nach London oder Paris reist, wird er nicht selten wie ein offizieller Staatsgast begrüßt. Für das europäische Ausland dieser Jahre ist er – neben Thomas Mann oder Lion Feuchtwanger – der Repräsentant des neuen, des anderen Deutschlands. Nach 1933 gehört er zu den verbrannten und verbotenen Dichtern, ab 1940 zu den wichtigsten deutschen Autoren und Publizisten im US-ame- rikanischen Exil. Daß er nach 1945 nicht nur vergessen, sondern auch verdrängt wurde, macht ihn aus heutiger Sicht nur interessanter. Es ist Zeit, Emil Ludwig wieder stärker ins allgemeine Bewußtsein zu rücken. Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel Leseprobe © Verlag Ludwig, Kiel ANMERKUNGEN ZU EMIL LUDWIG
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