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An Investigation of Geological Applications of Archival Lightning Strike Data in the Province of Alberta (North of Latitude 54° North)

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An Investigation of Geological Applications of Archival Lightning Strike Data in the Province of Alberta (North of Latitude 54° North) EUB/AGS Special Report 54 An Investigation of Geological Applications of Archival Lightning Strike Data in the Province of Alberta (North of Latitude 54° North) Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey EUB/AGS Special Report 54 An Investigation of Geological Applications of Archival Lightning Strike Data in the Province of Alberta (North of Latitude 54ο North) Alberta Geological Survey by VOX Geoscience Ltd. Delta, B.C. Ken Robertson, P.Geo. November 2003 ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Alberta, 2003 The Alberta Geological Survey and its employees and contractors make no warranty, guarantee or representation, express or implied, or assume any legal liability regarding the correctness, accuracy, completeness, or reliability of this publication. Any digital data and software supplied with this publication are subject to the licence conditions. The data are supplied on the understanding that they are for the sole use of the licensee, and will not be redistributed in any form, in whole or in part, to third parties. Any references to proprietary software in the documentation, and/or any use of proprietary data formats in this release does not constitute endorsement by the Alberta Geological Survey of any manufacturer's product. If this product is an EUB/AGS Special Report, the information is provided as received from the author and has not been edited for conformity to EUB/AGS standards. When using information from this publication in other publications or presentations, due acknowledge- ment should be given to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board/Alberta Geological Survey. The following reference format is recommended: Robertson, K. (2003): An investigation of geological applications of archival lightning strike data in the province of Alberta (north of latitude 54° north); Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, EUB/AGS Special Report 54. Author contact information Ken Robertson, P.Geo. VOX Geosciend Limited Delta, British Columbia Published November 2003 by: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building 4999 – 98th Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Tel: (780) 422-3767 (Information Sales) Fax: (780) 422-1918 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ags.gov.ab.ca EUB/AGS Special Report 54 (November 2003) • ii Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................vi Abstract......................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1 2 Lightning Basics (excerpt from NASA Web site written by Dr. Hugh J. Christian) ..................2 2.1 History ........................................................................................................................................2 3 Characteristics of a Storm ................................................................................................................3 3.1 Lightning ....................................................................................................................................3 3.2 Thunder........................................................................................................................................3 4 Types of Lightning Discharges..........................................................................................................4 4.1 Cloud-to-Ground Lightning ........................................................................................................4 4.2 Intra-Cloud Lightning..................................................................................................................4 4.3 Inter-Cloud Lightning..................................................................................................................4 5 Description of Lightning Discharge Process....................................................................................4 6 The Global Electric Circuit ..............................................................................................................5 7 Scope of Study ....................................................................................................................................5 8 Study Products....................................................................................................................................6 9 Technical Objectives ..........................................................................................................................6 10 Background ........................................................................................................................................6 10.1 Spontaneous Polarization ............................................................................................................7 10.2 Induced Polarization....................................................................................................................7 10.3 Telluric and Magnetotelluric Currents (Telford 1990)................................................................7 10.4 AFMAG (Ward et al., 1958) ......................................................................................................8 10.5 Electrogeochemistry....................................................................................................................8 11 How do the Previous Exploration Methods Relate to this Study? ................................................8 12 Province of Alberta Lightning Detection Network ........................................................................9 13 Mechanism of the Lightning Strike..................................................................................................9 14 Principles of the Alberta Forest Protection Service Lightning Detection Network ..................10 14.1 Lightning Detection ..................................................................................................................10 15 Observations and Results ................................................................................................................10 15.1 Northern Alberta Regional Area................................................................................................13 15.2 Peerless Lake Map Area (NTS 84B) ........................................................................................33 16 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................56 17 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................60 18 References ........................................................................................................................................61 Figures Figure 1 Province of alberta Fire Protection Branch Cumulative Lightning Strikes 1992 to 1996. ......11 Figure 2 EUB/AGS Geological Map of Alberta. ....................................................................................12 Figure 3 Screen output of the Remote Display Processor (RDP). ..........................................................14 Figure 4 Locations of province of Alberta lightning detection network direction finders. ....................15 Figure 5 Alberta lightning detection network direction finders with shaded relief elevation. ..............16 Figure 6 Total lightning strikes for the 1992 fire season.........................................................................17 Figure 7 Total lightning strikes for the 1993 fire season.........................................................................18 Figure 8 Total lightning strikes for the 1994 fire season.........................................................................19 Figure 9 Total lightning strikes for the 1995 fire season.........................................................................20 Figure 10 Total lightning strikes for the 1996 fire season.........................................................................21 EUB/AGS Special Report 54 (November 2003) • iii Figure 11 Total lightning strikes for the 1997 fire season.........................................................................22 Figure 12 Total lightning strikes for the 1998 fire season.........................................................................23 Figure 13 Total lightning strikes for the 1999 fire season.........................................................................24 Figure 14 Total lightning strikes for the 2000 fire season. ......................................................................25 Figure 15 Total lightning strikes for the 1998 fire season (duplicate of Map 12). ..................................26 Figure 16 Total lightning strikes for May 1998 fire season. ....................................................................27 Figure 17 Total lightning strikes for June 1998 fire season. ....................................................................28 Figure 18 Total lightning strikes for July 1998 fire season.......................................................................29 Figure 19 Total lightning strikes for August 1998 fire season. ................................................................30 Figure 20 Total lightning strikes for September
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