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Renewable Energy in Mexico

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Sergio Romero-Hernández Omar Romero-Hernández Duncan Wood Editors Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Renewable Energy in Mexico: Policy and Technologies for a Sustainable Future Sergio Romero-Hernández Omar Romero-Hernández Duncan Wood Editors August 2013 First Edition (In Spanish): April 2011 © 2010, all rights reserved to the authors This publication was made possible through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the generous support of the American people under terms of Contract EEM- I-00-07-00004-00. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Abt Associates, Inc. Moliere 13, Floor 2 Col. Polanco Chapultepec, 11560 Mexico, DF http://www.procomex.org http://www.abtassoc.com Mexico Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 http://www.wilsoncenter.org Translation by Franklin Dumser. Editorial coordination and design: e:de, business by design This publication was made possible through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the generous support of the American people. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Govern- ment. Special thanks to Tim Kessler and Jonathan Pinzon of the USAID Mexico Competitiveness Program. The authors thank the support of the Asociación Mexicana de Cultura AC and Instituto Tecnologico Autónomo de Mexico (ITAM) for all the facilities provided for the realization of this publication. The authors also wish to acknowledge the University of California at Ber- keley for allowing access to their infrastructure and resources, in particular for the support of the Center for Responsible Business of the Haas Business School, the Laboratory for Manufacture and Sustainability (LMAS) at the College of Engineering, and the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI). Table of contents 010 030 068 102 126 158 Overall Renewable energy The regulatory Hydropower Bio-energy, Bio-energy, Panorama and sustainable framework for the part 1; Biomass part 2: liquid economic use of renewable and biogas biofules development energy Duncan Wood Francisco Torres, Josefina Luis Héctor Valdez Juan Mata Saldoval, Omar Omar Cortés Campos Báez and Sergio Omar Romero-Hernández, Romero-Hernández Romero-Hernández Romero-Hernández Omar Masera and Sergio and collaborators Cerutti and Romero-Hernández collaborators 188 218 256 300 342 364 Elements for the Geothermal Solar Thermal Micro generation Conclusions promotion of wind energy photovoltaic solar energy power in Mexico energy Arturo Romero Luis Gleb Kouznetsov Peter Henri Sergio Omar Paredes, Ana Delia Gutiérrez-Negrín and Sergio Brailowsky Signoret, Romero-Hernández Romero- Hernández, Córdova, Rubén Romero-Hernández Diego Torres Patiño and Omar Sergio Guízar, Moisés Lino, and Sergio Romero-Hernández Romero-Hernández Manuel Luengo and Romero-Hernández and Duncan Wood Mark Oven With the special collaboration of Francisco Torres Directory of editors and authors Editors / Authors: Dra. Josefina Cortes Campos Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Dr. Sergio Romero Hernández Departamento Académico de Derecho Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Río Hondo No. 1 Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Industrial y Operaciones Col. Tizapán Progreso, México D.F., 01080 Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Phone: 56284000 x3775 Río Hondo No. 1 Email: [email protected] Col. Progreso Tizapán, México D.F., 01080 Phone: 56284000 x3689 Ing. Luis Valdez Email: [email protected] Valdez Ingenieros S.A. de C.V.,Loma Azul 69 , Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P 62156, México Dr. Omar Romero Hernández Teléfono y fax: (777) 380 06 88 Center for Responsible Business Email: [email protected] Haas School of Business 2220 Piedmont Avenue Dr. Juan Cristóbal Mata Sandoval University of California at Berkeley Director General de Políticas de Cambio Climático Berkeley, CA 94720-1900 Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Phone: +001 510-508-5349 Av. San Jerónimo 458 3er Piso Email: [email protected] Jardines del Pedregal, México, D.F. Phone: + 52-55 54902118 Dr. Duncan Wood Email: [email protected] Director, Mexico Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars USAID/Mexico Competitiveness One Woodrow Wilson Plaza - 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Program Washington, DC 20004-3027 Abt Associates, Inc. Phone: +001 202-691-4086 Moliere No. 13, Piso 2 Email: [email protected] Col. Polanco-Chapultepec Phone: 52-55-5254-2223 Ing. Luis Gutiérrez Negrín Authors and collaborators: Independent Consultant Former Manager of Geothermal Projects at CFE Presidente, Asociación Geotérmica Mexicana Mto. Francisco Torres Roldán Morelia, Michoacan, México Asesor Email: [email protected], [email protected] Comisión Reguladora de Energía Horacio 1750-4o piso Ing. Gleb Kouznetsov Col. Los Morales Polanco Director Eco Technology Department 11510 México DF INTEC de México, S. A. Tel 52831547 Phone: 044-55 25145552 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Email: [email protected], [email protected] 08 Ing. Peter Henri Brailovsky Signoret Ing. Mariana Icaza Coordinación de Asesores Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Dirección General, PEMEX Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Industrial y Operaciones Marina Nacional 329, Torre Ejecutiva Piso 43, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México C.P. 11311, México, D.F. Río Hondo No. 1 Phone: +5255.1944.2500 ext. 57227 Col. Tizapán Progreso, México D.F., 01080 Email: [email protected] Phone: 56284000 Ing. Diego Torres Patiño Lic. Andrea Romero PhD Student Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Department of Economics Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Industrial y Operaciones Stanford University Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México 579 Serra Mall Río Hondo No. 1 Stanford, CA 94305-6072 Col. Tizapán Progreso, México D.F., 01080 Phone: (650) 725-3266 Phone: 56284000 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Ing. María Fernanda Sánchez Dr. Omar Masera Cerutti Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Red Mexicana de Bioenergía A.C. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Industrial y Operaciones Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701 Río Hondo No. 1 Col. San José de La Huerta Col. Tizapán Progreso, México D.F., 01080 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México Phone: 56284000 Phone: 52-55-56232709 Email: [email protected] Ing. Josué Zárate Ramos Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Ing. Mauricio Alarcón Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Río Hondo No. 1 Av. San Jerónimo No. 458 3er Piso Col. Tizapán Progreso, México D.F., 01080 Jardines del Pedregal, México, DF Phone. +52 55 5628 4000 Phone. +52 55 5490 2118 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Mto. José Emiliano Detta Silveira Energy consultant Inter-American Development Bank 3801 Connecticut Ave NW # 307 Washington, DC 20008 Email: [email protected], [email protected] 09 Chapter 1. Overall Panorama 1. Overall Panorama Dr. Duncan Wood 1.1 Introduction: the post hydro-carbon nation Mexico is a nation that is defined by the use of hydrocarbon energy. The economy, government finances, politics, its traditions and large seg- ments of the population recognize oil as a fundamental base, and the influ- ence of the oil and gas industry is noticeable in all spheres. Mexico, as a country, has obtained great wealth from oil but unfortunately this wealth has not been effectively used due to corruption and poor planning: two curses that prevail in the Mexican system. Although oil production is currently de- clining, it’s probable that oil as well as gas will continue to dominate the hydro-carbon industry during the following decades, either through the state-owned monopoly or eventually, with the opening to the private sector. However, Mexico also needs to seen as a country that has great potential in renewable energy sources. While during the last years regional and inter- national attention has rightly focused on Brazil as an emerging super power in terms of renewable energy, Mexico has been seen (again correctly) as a country that has not done enough to promote the development of the re- newable energy sector. The energy debate in Mexico has been dominated by the economic and political problems in the hydrocarbon sector, while the media, the people responsible for formulating policy and many academics have practically ignored the energy sector. Notwithstanding, civil society as well as private industry have been active looking for opportunities and niches in the internal and border renewable energy markets. The government has approved new reforms which are important to the investigation and the development in the sector, and the 10 governments and the foreign companies as well as international organiza- tions have invested in energy projects in Mexico. In summary, the renewable energy sector in Mexico as will be shown in the rest of the book, is alive and well, prosperous and with great potential. It is necessary that Mexico sees itself as a country that as an energy future be- yond Cantarell, beyond PEMEX, beyond oil. The future of renewable energy in Mexico offers great hope for the country and the region
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